Index LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION PAGES oc THEORY SHEET 1-65 oc EXERCISE -1 66 - 80 3 EXERCISE - II 81-86 oO EXERCISE - Ill 87-89 oc ANSWER - KEY 90 - 107THEORY SHEET LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘According to this law, everybody continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line unless it is compelled by extemal force to change that state. (This law is also called law of inertia. Inertia is a property by virtue of which a body opposes the change in the state of rest or motion. (ii) Force is such a factor, which is essential for change in translatory motion of a body. (i) The first aw of motion defines the force. Examples : Ext Sol. Ex.2 Sol. a (@) To remove the dust particles from a cloth by shaking it (b) Banking of the passengers (towards the motion of bus), sitting in a bus on applying the sudden brakes. When a bus suddenly takos a turn, the passongors are thrown outwards bocause of (a) Inertia of motion (b) Acceleration of motion (©) Speed of motion (@) Both (b) and (c) @ ‘A person siting in an open car moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically up into ai. The ball all (@) Outside the car (b) Inthe ear ahead of the person (6) In tho car to tho sid ofthe porson (@) Exactly in tho hand which throw itup @ - Because the horizontal components of velocity are same for both car and ball so they cover equal horizontal distances in given time interval. According to this law, the rate of change of momentum (/nass = velocity) of a body is proportional to the Impressed force and it takes piace in the direction of the force. Mathematically F = Bote 6b = (Defining force in such a way that k =1) 4 iyem Xe = S (iy % fimass is corsa Fema In scalar form, F = ma Linear Momentum ‘The product of mass and velocity of the body is called the linear momentum. ¥ Bem Bem(ciswitwk) > (Pei +Pyi+Pek) Py = mvcPy= mvy; Pz = mye RI VISION PVT. LTD.RIVISION PVT. LTD. Where m = mass of the particle (point mass) Linear momentum of N-particle system. Bem gy +mevy #ma¥y My, Relationship between force and linear momentum Rate of change of linear momentum of a particle/system is equal to net external force acting on it. a a net external force 7 Application of F = 2 it (@) If F and time interval at for which it acts on a body is known then we can calculate the change in momentum of the body. BB fa if F= const, B- B= F (t=%y) (b) Slope of tangent at any point on P —t curve is equal to net force acting on the particle at that time. ab at De tane at (©) Area bounded by F - t curve and time axis in a given interval of time is equal to change in momentum in that time interval. ab = Fiat LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. = Area bounded by F —t curve ang time axis from t; to te (with sign) Impulsive force and impulse (@) Impulsive force : When two bodies collide, they exert forces on each other while in contact. On an ordinary scale, the time duration of this contact is very small and yet the change in momentum is sizable. This means that the magnitude of the force must be large on an ordinary scale. Such large forces acting for a very short uration are called impulsive forces. (b) Impulse : Change in momentum due to impulsive force is known as impulse. 11 = force acting on a body for very short time at then impulse of F = PF, frat {Feis known as he impuse ofthe ore ein tine interna, oy nis equa fo the change momentum of the body on which it acts. t Note: Gravitational, Spring force are not impulsive forces. SAMPLE PROBLEM BASED ON NEWTON'S SECOND LAW A train is moving with velocity 20 misee. on this, dust is falling at the rate of 80 kg’min. The extra force required to move this train with constant velocity will be (a) 16.66 N (b)1000.N (0) 166.6.N. (d)-1200.N @ ny, 50 Pay = 20.2 = 1666N Force P= =20» A force of 10 Newton acts on a body of mass 20 kg for 10 seconds. Change in its momentum is. (a) Skgnis (b) 100 kgmis (6) 200 kgmis (4) 1000 kgmis ) Change in momentum = force »time=10>10 = 100g m/sec 1 A vehiale of 100 kg is moving with a velocity of 6 misee. To stop it in +; See, the required force in opposite direction is (a) 5000 N (b) 500 N (©) 50N (a) 1000 N @ mm =100kg, u=Sm/s,V =0 t= 0.1 sec mow) _ 1000-5) 7 or LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. ‘SAMPLE PROBLEM BASED ON IMPULSE Ex.6 ball of mass 150g moving with an acceleration 20m/s” is hit by a force, which acts on it for 0.1 sec. The impulsive force is (@)05N-s (b) 0.1 N-s ()03N-s (d)12.N-s © Impulsive force = force xtime = max = 0.15 « 20x0.1=0.3 N-s A force of 50 dynes is acted on a body of mass 5 g which is at rest for an interval of 8 seconds, then impulse is (@) 015108 W=s (Bb) 098108 Ns (0) 1510-8 (0) 25x10 °N=s © Impulse = force x time 50.10" «3 =15x10°N-$ The force-time (F — 0 curve of a particle executing linear motion is as shown in the figure. The momentum acquired by the particle in time interval from zero to 8 second will bo Time(s) (a)-2. Ms (b) +4.Nes. () BN. (d) Zero (@) Momentum acquired by the particle is numerically equal to the area enclosed between the F-tcurve and time Axis. For the given diagram area in a upper hail is positive and in lower half is negative (and equal to the upper half). So net area is zero. Hence the momentum acquired by the particle will be Zero. TT ‘THIRD LAW OF MOTION According to this law, ‘Every action has is equal and opposite reaction” fe nen two bodes Aare B exert free on each ter, he fre (aston of Aon BF), always ena \ ) fr ppt tite xo Bon A Fn } Thus, Fas =~ Fay (This law expresses the nature of force. Action and reaction always acts on different bodies LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRJ VISION PVT. LTD. ant SAMPLE PROBLEM BASED ON NEWTON'S THIRD LAW Ex.9 You ate on a frictionless horizontal plane. How can you get off if no horizontal force is exerted by pushing against the surface? (a) By jumping (b) By splitting or sneezing (¢) By rolling your body on the surface (d) By running on the plane Sol. (b) By doing so we can get push in backward direction in accordance with Newton's third law of motion. NNT ET ann ETD (1) Make simple sketch of different bodies under consideration (2) Identity the forces acting on the bodies. Draw arrows on your sketch to show direction of each force acting on the body, in other words, make the free body diagram (8) Choose a coordinate system and resolve the forces into components that are parallel to the coordinate axes. (4) Assume the direction of acceleration of each block and relate them either logically, for the simpler problems or by using constraint Relation Technique for complicated problems. (5) Use Newton's 2™law and frame equations along each axis for all the bodies. (6) Solve the equation for the required unknowns Now we will deal with various simple situations and subsequently discuss the constraint relation technique in thenext article A: Motion of a Block on a Horizontal Smooth Surface. Case (i): When subjected to a horizontal pull: The distribution of forces on the body are shown. As there is no motion-along vertical direction, henoe, N-=mg For horizontal motion F = ma or a = Fim Case (ii); When subjected to a pull acting at an angle (6) to the horizontal : Now F has to be resolved into two components, Foos@ along the horizontal and FsinBalong the vertical direction N Fino '+Fcost) For no motion along the vertical direction, wehave N+Fsin@-mg or N=mg-Fsin@ Hence N# mg, N< mg For horizontal motion Feos 6) F cost =ma, a= LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Case(iii) : When the block is subjected to a push acting at an angle 0 to the horizontal : (downward) ‘The force equation in this case N=mg+F sino Nz mg, N> mg For horizontal motion F cosé = ma, B : Motion of bodies in contact. Case (i) Two bady system : Let a force F be applied on mass m, Free body diagrams: F 2 tN m, +m, m, +m, (i) Here ' ‘is known as force of contact. force (il) Acceleration of system can be found simply by a= 5 It force F be applied on ms, the acceleration will remain the samo, but force of contact will be different i. mE m+ Case (ii) Three body system : fe LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Free body diagrams = Tag, fh fe= mea, E m +m, +m 7 m, +m, +m) = mF ~ (+m, +m) f = contact force betweon masses m; and me {2 = contact force between masses m2 and ms Remember :~ Contact force is different if force F will be appliod on mass © C: Motion of connected bodies Case (i) For Two Bodies : B A IT m, ->—<—J m SARAAAN F is the pull on body A of mass m1 . The pull of A on Bis exercised as tension through the string connecting A and B. The value of tension throughout the string is T only. But this manifests as a pull T on B and a "reaction pull".T on.A the free body diagram in this case are shown as follows. The string is massless Free body diagrams For body B FE m +m, Case (ii) For Three bodies : LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Free body diagrams = For A Te-Ts = mea =sTe= ma + Ts Tos (me+my)a Fa(ms+me+ maja F my +m, +My D : Motion of a body on a stationary smooth inclined plane A body is placed on a smooth inclined plane AB which makes an angie 0 with the horizontal. The forces acting nobody are (i) Weight of the body mg acting vertically down (i) Normal reaction N acting perpendicular to the plane. The weight mg of the body is resolved parallel and perpendicular to the plane as mgsin0 parallel to the plane and mgcos# perpendicular to the plane. Thus ma=mgsin@ > a=gsine wi) N= mg cos Aly The same result can also be obtained by resolving the forces horizontally and vertically Nsin 0 = macos@ mg—N cos®= ma sin6(Vertical downward) solving we get, a=gsin 8, N= mg cos0 E:: Motion of two bodies connected by a string Case (i) : Motion of unequal masses suspended from a light frictionless pulley = ‘A and B are two bodies of mass m: and m2 respectively suspended by means of a light string passing over a smooth pulley P. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 128. Sol. (1) ‘There is no friction between the body B and surface of the table. If the body B is pulled with force F then Fe(nytmy)a Due to this force upper body A will feel the pseudo: force in a backward direction f=myxa a m4 But due to friction between A and B, body will not move. The body A will start moving when pseudo force is more than friction force: i. for sipping, mya=fm,g “a= pe . Sol. (3) ‘Acceleration of the box due to friction = 4g = 0.15 x 10 = 1.5 ms. But the acceleration of the truck is ‘greater. The acceleration of the box relative to the truck is 0.5 m s towards the rear-end. The time taken for the box to fall off the truck= During this time, the truck covers a distance = 1i2.x 2 x20 = 20m. Sol. (1) 131, Sol. (3) Sol. (4) 133. Sol. (4) Sol. (2) For the coin be revolve with the disc, the force of friction should be enough to provide the necessary centripetal force, ie “—< ym g. Now v= tw, where @=— Is the angular frequency of the disc. For a given 1 and w, the condition is r Sug fw. The condition is satisfied by the nearer coin (4 cm from the centre), Sol. (1) ‘Assuming that mass of truck >> mass of crate. Retardation of truck Retardation of crate ANSWER - KEY or relative avceleraton of crate a, =2m/s* Truck will stop after time Lo7s and crate will sike the wall at [is _ [ae = 788 Var 2 As t,>1,,crate will come to rest after travelling a distance s faataor( ) 2 9 =2.77m Sol. (4) In.the given condition the required centripetal force iS provided by frictional force between the road and img v= uke Sol: (3) Stone flies in the direction of instantaneous velocity due to inertia . Sol. (1) It uls the correct speed, tnd = re or, vara tend = lio mp |. Sol. (4) vaaRe Putting the values, v= 2 10m/s* «45m = 30 mis = 108 kmihr. |. Sol. (2) tano 1% (189K hr? Putting the values, tand = = "9 (Goon [om Or 9 =22.6°RIVISION PVT. LTD. 141. Sol. (3) Thus the acceleration along the X ~ axis is F_mo*x a= =x or v Sol. (4) 143, |. Sol. (2) Sol. (4) Here, P=mra? =1x 0.10? or @ = 500 =10V5 rads LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 148, Sol. (2) T=mreo? =1%1%100=100 N Sol. (1) Here, provides centripetal acceleration for the coin femro? But, f-Syymg or mro” or w,2 2x5 He oF 255 Hs (io) = 0.25 . Sol. (1) In the frame of turntable, T+ f=mra® oF 0+ gang = mrw* ag => radls Sol. (4) 149. Sol. (3) 150. ANSWER - KEY Sol. (4)RIVISION PVT. LTD. Sol. (4) 4T = 900 T=225N For man, N+ 2T = 600 2 N= 600-450 =150N = 15kg-wt Sol. (2) 41 - 900-90a ell) Also, N+ 27-60 From Eqs. (i) and (i), we get a= 30 mis? Sol. (2) When direction of motion will reverse at the instant, the velocity becomes zero. Vveusat or O=2+ax3 From FBD of A, From FBO of B, T—mag sin 6 = mea LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ANSWER - KEY s T=t044 3 = 11.33 Sol. (4) From Eq. (i), we get faTeS 3 R= 2 +1183=12N Sol. (2) - =. ng = x0, x0= Sol. (2) F =k 20 2o 02m 100 Sol. (2) 100, kx =T=mg = 100 = 1 x=T=mg : 2x=02m Sol. (2) oo = meg =T 100 = 0= TR =02m Sol. (3) For equilibrium, F = + kxo ko = 20-15 = 5N When string A is cut, F kw =ma > 20-5-1xa = a=15mis?RIVISION PVT. LTD. 1". LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. Sol. (2) T=20=kxo ANter cutting the string, Kxo = 2a > 20=2a = A=10mis? Sol. (1) 10 = 2x0 => kxo= 5 N When the spring A is cut, ing —kxo = ma or 10-5 =1 xa=>a=5 mist Sol. (2) 20-kx=2*8 kx=4N For block B, 10 ~ kx = 4.xa2 10-4=a2 a= 6 mis? Sol. (3) (for A) =k) (downward) i +g From tree body diagram of the block in the frame of plate, N= map and f = mg Butt < jiN or mg < jae mag = mg or ao > Find maximum valuo of F, so that block A doos not slide on B in following cases. Sol. (2) X44 2X4 Xe=constant Double differentiating with respect to time, we get 44 + 2ay rag =0 ANSWER - KEY Sol. (1) a=ata=6 0 wracan4 a0) ‘On solving these two equations, we get a= 1 mis? Sol. (3) Ts Mgsin 30° = 2Mg—27 =2M| Solving these equations, we get a= g/3 - ar Sol. (2) T=1(a) “ 10-T=1 a) (i (On solving these equations, we get T=5N uma (2) Relative motion will stop when velocity of block also becomes 6 m/s by the above acceleration. PAGE: 101,RIVISION PVT. LTD. 20. Sol. (2) ge tBaE mg 44> ay and A will reach earlier @ ig sin 0+ wmgcos 0 mg sin 0- 4 mg cos 0 Given that F; = 2 Fe (mg sin 0 + umg E68 OY = 2 (mg sin 6 - ung cos 0) ‘On solving, we get tan 0 = 3p. Sol. @ Angle of repose b= tar) =tan {4 | “ (s So, particle may be placed maximum upto.30°, as. shown in figure below. h=R- Roost Sol. (1) Acceleration of block with respect to lft Psoudo force = (downward) Vigtansind LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ANSWER - KEY Sol. (1) s [pein pcos Or sy gaia On solving this equation, we got Sol. (2) Steady rate means, net force = 0 maT 7 Jone aT = 75g = 750 Or T=250N Sol. (1) It foree applied by man is F. then in first figure force transferred to the block is F, while is second figure force transferred to the block is 2F. Ate de ade 0 © Total upward force = | m2) = 2m r lel 4 Total downward force = (m +m) g = 2mg Not forco = 0 Sol. (1) ne Sol. (3) Relative acceleration along the inclined plane mea cos 0-4 mg sin PAGE: 102RIVISION PVT. LTD. = (aan deg sind) _ [ae Vo cord gaind y 29. Sol. (2) Relative acceleration along the inelined plane ma cos — me fin = a00s0~ sind 19 )-005) tom? Sol. (2) Re (BPP H2PP +2x3P x 2P xcosd i) i) Le QR = (6PY +2PF +2x6P x2P Sol. (3) 32. Sol. (4) Sol. (1) 34. Sol. (3) Sol. (1) IF no force is applied, the block A will slip on C towards right and the block B will move downward. ‘Suppose the minimum force needed to prevent slipping is F. Taking A +B + C as the system, the only external horizontal force on the system is F. Hence, the acceleration of the system is F 8° am ° Now take the block A as the system. The forces on Aare figure. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ANSWER - KEY "9 (i) Tension T by the string towards right, (i) Friction by the block C towards left, (ii) Weight mg downward and (iv) Normal force N upward. For vertical equilibrium N = mg. AAs the minimum force needed to prevent slipping is applied, the friction is limiting. Thus, f= N= "mg. ‘As the block moves towards accaloration'a; T-f=ma On T= im, 0) Nowi take the block B as the system. The forces are figure. (i). Tension T upwards, (id) Weight mg downward, (ii), Normat force N' towards right, and (iv) Friction upward ‘As_ the block moves. towards acceleration a, N=ma. right) with an right with an As the fiction i liming For vertical equilibrium T+f=mg Or, T+ ma =mg Eliminating T from (i) and (i) When a large force is applied the block A slips on C towards left and the block B slips on C in the upward dteation. The fiction on As towards right and that on B is downwards. Solving as above, the accoloration inthis case is Lew mH ‘Thus, a lies between ce gand 1 8 From (i), the force F should be between len 2210 (us 2mjg and 14 (a4 2mig ee ra PAGE: 103,RIVISION PVT. LTD. 36. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. Sol. (1) The situation is shown in figure. In the limiting equilibrium the frictional force f will be equal to 4. N. For horizontal equilibrium, F sind = uN. fyetev For vertical equilibrium F cos +mg =N Eliminating N from these equations F sind = uF cost + »mg Or, F = Mts _f sind 00s Ittan 6 < we have (sin 6 - j.c0s 8) <0 and then F is negative. So for angles less than tary’ y, one ‘cannot push the black ahead, however large the force may be, Sol. (3) Figure shows the forces acting on the two blocks. As we are looking for the maximum value-of Mim, ‘the equilibrium is limiting. Hence, the frictional forces ate equal to » times the corresponding normal forces. Equilibrium of the block m gives T= uN; and Ny = mg Which gives T=qmg. on @ Next, consider the equilibrium of the block M. Taking components parallel to the incine T+ Ne = Mg sino. Taking components normal tothe incline Ne = Mg cos0. These give T= Mg (Sin0 = 1.0050). nese a7. From (i) and (i), «mg = Mg(sin® - 1080) ‘8. Or, Mim = ——#__ Sind — woos 49. ANSWER - KEY i) It tan 0 < py, (sin 0 - 4. cos®) < 0 and the system will not slide for any value of Mim Sol. (1) 39. Sol. (2) Sol. (3) 1. Sol. (4) Sol. (1) Let us work in the elevator frame. A pseudo force mas in the downward direction is to be applied on the patticle of mass m together with the real forces. Thus, the forces on m are (i) Nnormal force, (ii) mg downward (by the earth). (i) mao downward (pseudo). Let a be the acceleration of the particle with respect to the incline. Taking components of the forces parallel tothe incline and applying Newton's law, ng sin 0 + mao sin 0 = ma This is the acceleration with respect to the elevator. In this frame, the distance travelled by the particle is Ucost. Hence, L 1 , Mg tay)inds? cos) 2 (e +29) ons +ay )sinBeosd Sol. (1) Sol. (a) 29/8 (©) Mg /3 (o) Yamg /3 at angle of 45° with the horizontal Sol. g/3 up the plane Sol. 2 (a) $9 downward, A upware 10 5 19 g torward, 5g downward 1B? Be? § downware 3 between 70N and 105 N uM +m) Wa Sol. jung 2 (c) 39 downward, Sol.LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. RIVISION PVT. LTD. 24 (a) Sol. (3) According to Newton's second law Acceleration = i.e. if net external force on the body is zero then acceleration will be zero. Sol. (1) According to second jaw #2 IF we know the values of m and a; the force acting ‘on the body can be calculated and-hence:second law gives that how much force. is. applied. on the body. Sol. (1) When a body is moving in a circle, its speed remains same but volocity changes duo to change in the direction of mation of body. According to first law of motion, force is required to change the stato of a body. As in circular motion the direction of volocity of body is changing so the acceleration cannot be 22f0. But for a uniform motion acceleration is zero (for rectilinear motion) Sol. (3) According to definition of momentum P (b) Sms (a) Acceleration = M2 3m8in® |. 5=10-sin30 F my em 310 5410 Inthe above problom, given that: Me= 2M and:Memoves vertically downivatds with acceleration a. If the position of the masses are reversed the acceleration of M down the inclined plane will be (a2a wa (o) a2 (@ None of the above (@ If my =2m,, then m, moves vertically downward with acceleration my —my sinO 2m, —my sin30 I the position of masses are reversed then m, moves downward with acceleration my sinO my _ 2m sa0 20 [As m= 2m In the above problem, given that Me = 2M; and the tension in the string is 7. If the positions of the masses are reversed, the tension in the string will be (a4 (b)1T (oT (d) 12 (e) If the position of the masses is reversed then there will be no effect on tension. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Lefer] Ex. 24 Two blocks are attached fo the two ends of a string passing over a smooth pulley as shown in the figure, The acceleration of the block will be (in m/s*) (sin 87° = 0.60, sin 53° = 0.80) (a) 0.33 (b) 0.133 (1 (d) 0.066 (b) _masin my sincr 0.135 m/s? The two pulley arrangements shown in the figure are identical. The mass of the rope is negligible. in (a) the mass m is lifted up by attaching a mass 2m to the other end of the rope. In (b} mis lied up by pulling the other end of the rope with a constant downward force of 2nig. The ratio of accelerations in two cases will be (ats (oe) 1:3 ) uy—m,_ 2m—m For first caso a, = ™2—™. my omy mdm 3 For second case from free body diagram of m From () and (i), LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. MOTION OF MASSIVE STRING Condition Free body diagram Equation ‘Tension and acceleration F=(M+ma Ti force applied by the string on the block my QM+m) 20M+m) T2= Tension at mid-point of the rope m= Mass of string fension in string at 2 distance x from the end where the force is applied M= Mass of uniform rod ngth of rod EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE (1) Ifall the forces working on a body are acting on the same point, then they are said to be concurrent. (2) A body, under the action of concurrent forces, is said to be in equilibrium, when there is no change in the state ‘of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line. (3) The necessary condition for the equilibrium of a body under the action of concurrent forces is that the vector sum ofall the forces acting on the body must be zero. (4) Mathomatically for equilibrium Faq =9 or DF, =0: SF, =0:. Fe (8) Three concurrent forces will be in equilibrium, if they can be represented completely by three sides of a triangle taken in order. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. ‘SAMPLE PROBLEMS BASED ON FORCE AND EQUILIBRIUM, Ex.26 Three forces starts acting simultaneously on a particle moving with velocity 7. These forces are represented in magnitude and direction by the three sides of a triangle ABC (as shown). The particle will now move with velocity (a) © remaining unchanged (b) Less than v (6) Greater than ¥" () @ In the direction of the largest force BC (@ Given three forces are in equilibrium ie. net force will be zero. It means the particle will move with same velocity. ‘A weightless ladder, 20 ft long rests against a frictionless wall at an angle of 60° with the horizontal. A 150 pound man is 4 ft rom the top of the ladder. A horizontal force is needed to prevent it from sipping. Choose the correct magnitude from the following (a) 175 ib (b) 100 ib (c) 70 Ib (a) 150 Ib (ce) Since the system isin equilibrium therefore) F, = Oand SF, =O. P= Ryandw=R, LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Now by taking the moment of forces about point B. F(BC)+WAEC)= RAC) [from the figure EC= 4 cos 60] F(20sin60) + W(4-cos 60) = R,(20.cos 60) 10V3F + 2w ~ 10k, [ASR = W] Bw _ 8x150 ov310V3 mass Mis suspended by a rope from a rigid support at Pas shown in the figure. Another rope is tied at the end Q, and it is pulled horizontally with a force F. If the rope PQ makes angle @ with the vertical then the tension in the string PQ is =70b (a) Fsind (b) Fisind (0) Feos (d) Floos 0 (b) From the figure, for horizontal equilibrium Tsind =F r-f sind Ex. 29 In the following diagram, pulley 7, is movable and pulley P, is fixed. The value of angle Owill be (a) 60° (b) 30° (c) 45° (a) 15° Sol. (b) Tsing Tesino LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Free body diagram of pulley P, is shown in the figure For horizontal equilibrium 7, cos@ = T, cos T =Teandy, = = Ww For vertical equilibrium T, sind + T; sind = W = Wsind + Wsind = W L sind = 018 = 30° In the following figure, the pulley is massless and frictionless. The relation betwoon 77, , 7, and 77, will be ©) hener an () Since through a single string whole system is attached 50. W In the following figure the masses of the blocks A and B ate same and each equal to m. The tensions in the strings OA and AB are 7, and 7, respectively. The systems in equilibrium with a constant horizontal force mg on B. The 7, is (a) mg (b) v2me (C) Vime (A) VEme Sol. (b) From the free body diagram of block B T0080, = me.) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Sol. a 7, sind, = mg fi) by squaring and adding 172 4in® 0, + cos? 0) = 2lme)? 7 = vime ‘Aman of mass m stands on a crate of mass M. He pulls on a light rope passing over a smooth light pulley. The ‘other end of the rope is attached to the crate. For the system to be in equilibrium, the force exerted by the men on the rope will be (a) (M+ mg M+mg Mg (b) (Me mig From the free body diagram of man and crate system For vertical equilibrium (Me m)g 2 =M emg > LAW OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM tno external force acts on a system (called isolated) of constant mass, the total momentum of the system remains constant with time, According to this law for a system of particles F 2 In the absence of external force F*=0 then j = constant 1) +P) +23 +4 = constant, le, P OF my vy bmg Py-bmy vy tow =Constant This equation shows that in absence of external force for a closed system the linear momentum of individual particles may change but their sum remains unchanged with time. Law of conservation of linear momentum is independent of frame of reference though linear momentum depends on frame of reference. Conservation of linear momentum is equivalent to Newton's third law of motion. For a system of two particles in absence of extemal force by law of conservation of linear momentum. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. P, +P =constant “ ‘mi + mig = constant. Differentiating above with respect to time rm, Sh gm, 220 mya mya deat * F2=-Fi i.e. for every action there is equal and opposite reaction which is Newton's third law of motion. Practical applications of the law of conservation of linear momentum () When a man jumps out of a boat on the shore, the boat is pushed slightly away from the shore. (i) A person left on a frictionless surface can get away from it by blowing air out of his mouth or by throwing some ‘object in a direction opposite to the direction in which he wants to move. (ii) Recoiling of a gun:For bullet and gun system, the force exerted by trigger will be intemal so themomentum of the systom remains unattected. Let m, = mass of gun, m, = mass of bullet, gq =velocity of gun, vp = velocity of bullet Initial momentum of system=0 Final momentum of system = mg.ig, +m py By the law of conservation linear momentum mag +maby =O So recoil velocity Fy = Here negative sign indicates that the velocity of recoil v, is opposite td the velocity of the bullet ve=—L Le. higher the mass'of Gur lesserthe velocity of recoil of gu While firing the gun must be held tightly to the shoulder, this would save hurting the shoulder because in this condition the body of the shooter and the gun behave as one body. Total mass become large and reccil velocity becomes too small 1 Ma Mn (iv) Rocket propulsion :The initial momentum of the rocket on its launching pad is zero. When itis fired from the launching pad, the exhaust gases rush downward at a high speed and to conserve momentum, the rocket moves upwards. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Let my = initial mass of rocket, m= mass of rocket at any instant ‘t’ (instantaneous mass) m, = residual mass of empty container of the rocket = velocity of exhaust gases, v= velocity of rocket at any instant ‘(instantaneous velocity) aim Gp rate of change of mass of rocket = rate of fuel consumption = rate of ejection of the fuel Thruston the rocket :F =u" mg Horo negative sign indicates that diroction of thrust is opposite to the direction of escaping gases. din F=-u7> (effect of gravity is neglected) dn adn Acceleration of the rocket :«=—- "~8 and if effect of gravity is neglected =~ Instantaneous velcty ofthe rocket» alo, ) grand if eet of gravy is neglected Burnt out speed of the FOCket :, = aa =" te. ( The speed attained by the rocket when the complete fuel gets burnt is called burnt out speed of therocket. It is the maximum speed acquired by the rocket. =" aaa Ex.33 A wagon weighing 1000 kg is moving with a velocity 50 |km/hion smooth horizontal rails. A mass of 250 Ag is dropped into it. The velocity with which it moves now is (a) 12.5 kmihour (b) 20 kmfhour’ (c) 40 kmhoor {d) 50 km/hour © Intaly the wagon of mass 1000 kgs moving with velocity of 50 kn kgxckm h When a mass 250kg i dropped into it. New mass ofthe system = 1000 + 280 = 1250k¢ Let vis the velocity of the system. By the conservation of linear momentum ; Ital momentum = Final momentum = 1000 % 50 =1250 xv y= 20 —sobmih ‘The kinetic energy of two masses m: and me are equal their ratio of linear momentum will be So its momentum = 1000 « 50 (a) mulrme (b) mofo Go) yams Fa, (A) yma dm © Relation between linear momentum (P), man (m) and kinetic energy (E) Po fm P=V2mE =P xin [as Eisconstant} p= Vr LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Ex. 35. Which of the following has the maximum momentum (a) A100 kg vehicle moving at 0.02 ms-* (b) A4 gweight moving at 10000 cms" (c) A200 gweight moving with kinetic energy 10-%U (0) A20 gweight after faling 1 Kilometre @) Momentum of body for given options are (0) P= my =4 107 100 =0.kgin/see (e) P= V2mE = ¥2x0.2x10 © =6.3x10 *kgm/ see (0) P=m42gh = 2010 x Y2x10%10* = 2.82kem/sec So for option (d) momentum is maximum, A rocket with a lift-off mass 3.5 «10° kgs blasted upwards with an initial acceleration of 10m/s”. Then the initial thrust of the blast is (a)1.75 «108 (0) 3.5108 (6) 7.0105. (a) 14.0108 © Intial thrust on the rocket. # = m(g +a) =3.5%10710-410)=7.0%10°N In a rocket of mass 1000 Ag fuel is consumed at a rate of 40.kgis..The velocity of the gases ejected from the rocket is 5 10%m/s. The thrust on the rockets (a)2« 10°. (©) 5x10" N (o) 2 0°N (a) 210° © Thrust on the rocket rai seto4aoy = 2109" It the force on a rocket moving with’a volotity of 300 mis is'210 Ny, than the rate of combustion of the fuel is (2) 0.7 kgls (by to's (0) 0.07 kgis (4)10:7 kg!s @ _F_ 210 07k Ss uw 300 / udm fam Fore on ne rctt = Mt Rate comtustonr vl 2") Car A rocket has a mass of 100 kg. 90% of this is fuel. It ejects fuel vapours at the rate of 1 kg’sec with a velocity of 500 misec relative to the rocket. It is supposed that the rocket is outside the gravitational field. The initial upthrust on the rocket when itjust starts moving upwards is (a) Zero (b) 500 N (©) 1000 N (d) 2000N (b) dn Up twstorce P=) st = 8008 The hero of a stunt film fires 50 g bullets from a machine gun, each at a speed of 1.0 km. If he fires 20 bullets in 4 seconds, what average force does he exert against the machine gun during this period? (2) 280 N (b) 250 N (c) 1000 N (d) 450.N (b) The momentum of each bullet = (0.050 kg) (1000 m/s) = 60 kg-mis. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRU VISION PVT. LTD. al The gun is imparted this much of momentum by each bullet fired. Thus, the rate of change of momentum of the xa gun= ae » gems ~ 250 N. In order to hold the gun, the hero must exert a force of 250 N against the gun. CONSTRAINT RELATION It is @ relation (usually between displacement, velocity or the acceleration of different masses connected in someway} that one must think of whenever one finds the numbers of equations less than the number of unknowns. In all the provious problems we have leamt til now, we have obtained the constraint relation by experience and judgment. Now we will explain the mathematical procedure for this, How to Determine Constraint Relation : (i) Assume the direction of acceleration of each block e.g. a: (upward) and az (downward). [mi weve=0 v; and ve are velocities of the block 1 and 2. Again differentiating equation (1) w.r. time we get Since block miis assumed to be moving upward (® x1decreasing withtime) as « and block me is assumed moving downward 1s __ 4, (xe increasing with time) a Thus—ai+az=0 > |as|=lal=a Note : We have used this relation from our judgment in the pulley mass system in the eatlier problems, LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Ex. 41, Two blocks are connected by an inoxtensible string as shown. The pulley is fixed. If block A moves down with speed \, find velocity of block B at instant. Length of the string is constant. Lavy? 44? += +a?)!" Differentiating war time t, we got Hla, dt de de = -v,[x is decreasing with time} o=-—"8 nvgeosaty. ‘ ve: horizontal velocity of B. ‘The smooth ring A can slide on a fixed horizontal rod as shown. The pulley is fixed. If some instant velocity of ring is ¥, find the velocity of block at the instant. (a) vsecee (b) tana (a) veose Sol. (4) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Length of the string (7 +h"? + y= 00 Sot aaeyA(aet Asbandhar const IAs tincrease, x decreases In the adjoining figure m; = 41me. The pulleys are smooth and light. At time t= 0, the system is at rest. If the system is released and if the acceleration of mass 1m is a, then the acceleration of ie will be a @g (bya os (d) 2e (d) Since the mass m., travels double distance in comparison to mass:m, therefore its acceleration will be double ie. 2a, In the above problom (43), the value of a will be & & & fag ) 5 Oy ars C) By drawing the FBD of m, and my ma=mg-27 m;(Qa)=1-m.¢ by solving these equation a = g/4 Inthe above problem, the tension Tin the string will be (a) mg (fms @ 3 From the solution (44) by solving equation (i), ™=5 m2 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Ex. 46_ In the above problom, the time taken by 1m in coming to rest position will be Sol. (02s (04s (08s (d) 08s (b) Time taken by mass m, to cover the distance 20 cm Va Vga Inthe above problem, the distance covered by mein 0.4 s will be (a) 40. om (b) 20 om (©) 10 om (d) 80. om @ Since the m, mass cover double distance therefore $= 2 x 20 = 40 cm In the above problem, the velocity acquired by rm in 0.4 second will be (a) 100 omis (b) 200 emis (©) 300 cmis (¢) 400 cmis () Velocity acquired by mass m, in 0.4 sec From v=u-+at v=0+5x04 = 2m/s =200 am / sec Inthe above problem, the additional distance traversed by me in coming to rest position will be (a) 20 om (6) 40. om (60 om @) 80cm (@) When m, mass acquired velocity 200 cm/sec it wll move upward fl ts velocity becomes zero. moe Gm, +m) Gn +m) me mye (o) is _— g) 2s © Gram Gem) @ When the block m, moves downward with acceleration a, the acceleration of mass m, willbe 21 because it covers double distance in the same time in comparison to m,. Let Tis the tension in the string, LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. By drawing the free body diagram of A and B T=m,2a img 27 = mya by solving (i) and ( mae Gm, rma Ex. 51. Find the ratio of velocities of block A and block 8, at the instant as shown. Total length of string b= 2007 +1) + y Differentiating wrt. timet;we got 1 (oat Howat at h SO Va? +i? 0=-2va cos 0+ vo PSEUDO FORCE (tis an imaginary force which acts on a body when body is observed from a non-inertal reference trame. (i) tis not experienced when observer in inertial frame (il) Direction of pseudo force on a body is opposite to the direction of acceleration of the non-inertial reference frame from which body is being observed LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. m = mass of body 4 = accoleration of frame of reference (Wve sign indicates pseudo force acts in the opposite direction of the acceleration of the frame of reference. (iv) Magnitude of the of the pseudo force is |Fp|=ma (v) Its action does not have the reaction required by the third law. (vi) When a body of mass m is placed on a weighing machine which is placed in a lif, then actual weight of the body is mg. This acts on a weighing machine which offers a reaction R given by the reading of weighing machine. This reaction exerted by the surface of contact on the body is the apparent weight of the body. ‘Acceleration Apparent weight = Actual weight Lftis at rest Lift accelerating upward at the rate ofa ° ant weight > ve variable Apparent weight Actual weight Lit accelerating upward at the rate of'g’ Apparent weight = , v= variable pp ® Actual weight Figure Fal a i Lit moving 8 upward or oma Apparent woight = downward with L - ‘Actual weight constant velocity a iz 8 | . ti Ying LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. ft accelerating downward at the v= variable Apparent weight < Actual weight rate ofa" Apparent weight = Zero ft accelerating downward at the v= variable rate of'g’ (weightlessness) Apparent weight | negative means the oo ft accelerating downward at the rate of af>g) body will ise from the floor ofthe lft and stick to the ceiling ofthe litt v= variable SAMPLE PROBLEMS BASED ON LIFT Ex. 52 Aman weighs 8042. He stands on a weighing scale in a lift which is moving Upwards with a uniform acceleration of Sm/s?, What would be the reading oh the scale. (g =10m/s*) (a) 400. (b) 800 4. (©) 1200.N (a) Zero © Reading of weighing scale = mig a) = 800 +5)=1200N A body of mass 2 kgis hung on a spring balance mounted vertically in a lift. It the lift descends with an acceleration equal to the acceleration due to gravity ‘g’, the reading on the spring balance will be (a) 2kg (b) (49) kg (©) (2 xg) kg (a) Zero ) R=m(g-a=(g-g=0 [because the lifts moving downward with a = g] In the above problem, ifthe lift moves up with a constant velocity of 2 misee, the reading an the balance will be (a) 2kg (b) 4 kg (©) Zero (a) 1kg (a) R=mg =2¢Newwon OF2kg [because the lift is moving with the zero acceleration] If the lift in problem, moves up with an acceleration equal to the acceleration due to gravity, the reading on the spring balance will be (a) 2 kg (b) 29) kg (©) (4 xa) kg (a) 4k ) R=m(g +a =mig+s {because the liftis moving upward with a =) =2ng, R= 22g N=4gNordkg ‘A man is standing on a weighing machine placed in a lift, when stationary, his weight is recorded as 40 kg. I the lft is accelerated upwards with an acceleration of 2m/s*, then the weight recorded in the machine will be ( =10mss?) (a) 32 kg (b) 40 kg (0) 42 kg (d) 48 kg LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Sol. (a) R= m(g +a) = 4000 +2) = 480 Nor sBkg ‘An elevator weighing 6000 kg is pulled upward by a cable with an acceleration of Sms *. Taking g to be 10ms *, then the tonsion in the cable is (2) 6000 N (b) 9000 N (c) 60000 (d) 90000 N (@) T =m(g +4) = 6000 (10 +5) T = 90,000 N ‘The ratio of the weight of a man in a stationary lift and when it is moving downward with uniform acceleration * 3:2. The value of ‘a’ is (g- Accoleration due to gravity on the earth) 3 g 2 (@) 58 o> (58 dg (b) weight of a man in stationa 3 sight of tationary HA 3529 =3¢-3a0ra ‘weight of aman indownward moving lift mig—a) 2 ga 2 3 A bird is sitting in a large closed cage which is placed on a spring balance. It records a weight placed on a spring balance. It records a weight of 25 N. The bird (mass = 0.5kg) flies upward in the cage with an acceleration of 2m | s The spring balance will now record a weight of (a) 24N (b) 25. (0).26.N. (0) 22.N. (b) Since the cage is closed and we can treat bird cage and air asa closed (Isolated) system. In this condition the force applied by the bird on the cage is an intemal force due to this reading of spring balance will not change. A bird is sitting in a wire cage hanging from the spring balance! Let the reading of the spring balance be W, . If the bird fies about inside the cage, the reading of the sping balance is W, . Which of the following is true? aw (b) > (Wy < We (d) Nothing dofinite can be predicted () In this problem the ¢age is wire-cage the momentum of the system will not bé conserved and due to this the weight of the system will be lesser whan the bird is fying as compared to te Weight of the’same system when bird is resting is W, mg= aR = mg=pmey <. m, = um, this is the minimum value of m, to start the motion. Note : In the above condition Goottcient of friction ye = "2 2) m, ‘When a mass m: placed on a rough inclined plane : Another m2 mass hung from the string connected by pulley, the tension (T) produced in string will try to start the motion my of mass LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. At limiting condition For om Tome For om T=mgsin0+F T P=me sind + sik ST =mgsind + same cos se) From equation (i) and (i), my =m(sin? + 008] This is the minimum value of ms to start the motion Note : In the above condition Coefficient of friction =|" tana labo] A.uniform chain of length / is placed on the table in such a manner that its/'part is hanging over the edge of table ‘MAXIMUM LENGTH OF HUNG CHAIN without sliding. Since the chain has uniform linear density therefore the ratio of mass or ratio of length for any partot the chain will be equal. my __masshangingfromthetuble Weknow a= ‘massyingonthetable For this expression we can revrite above expression in the following manner Jength hanging ftom the table Tength lying on the table ’ ir [As chain have uniform linear density) “ aL Wving = by solving Geb ACCELERATION OF A BLOCK AGAINST FRICTI Acceleration of a block on horizontal surface When body is moving under application of force P, then kinetic friction opposes its motion. Leta is the net acceleration of the body From the figure ma = PF LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRJ VISION PVT. LTD. ant (2) a Acceleration of a block down a rough inclined plane When angle of inclined plane is more than angle of repose, the body placed on the inclined plane slides down with\ an acceleration a From the figure ma =mg sind — F => ma =mg sind — wR = ma =mg sind ume cos Acceleration a = g[sind — yrcos0] Note : For frictionless inclined plane . . @=gsin? wa0 Retardation of a block up a rough inclined plane When angle of inclined plane is less than angle of repose, then for the upward motion ma =mg sind + F ma =mg sin@+ Lemg Cos? Retardation a= g{sind> iueosof Note: For frictionless inclined plane: a= RSTO WORK DONE AGAINST FRICTION Work done over a rough inclined surface fa body of mass m is moved up on a rough inclined plane through distance s, then Work done = force « distance maxs mg [sind + ycost]s = mg sisind + j1008 0) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. (2) Work done over a horizontal surface In the above expression if we put & = 0 then Work done = force « distance = Fes = umgs Itis clear that work done depends upon () Weight of the body. (i) Material and nature of surface in contact (ii) Distance moved. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION BETWEEN BODY AND WEDGE A body slides on a smooth wedge of angle 0 and its time of descent is t eA “y ‘Smooth wedge “ Rough wedge If the same wedge made rough then time taken by it to come down becomes n times more (i.e. nt) The length of path i both tho casos.are samo. For smooth wedge For rough wedge Le Le Seut+ Sa S=uL+ Sal S-he Oe ein weosovan? noi) [Asw=Oand a= [Asu =Oand a = g(sind = 2c0s0)) From oquation (i) and (i), Flas te ind 10080) (nt)? peas ee STOPPING OF BLOCK DUE TO FRICTION (1) Onhorizontal road (Distance travelled before coming to rest :A block of mass m is moving initially with velocity u on a rough surface and due to friction it comes to rest after covering a distance S LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Retarding force =a = mg . a= ug W-2ugs [Asv=0,a= yal [As momentum P = mu] (ii) Time taken to come to rest From equation v=u—at>0=n—pge [Asv=0,a= 18] 1 On inclined road : When block starts with velocity u its kinetic energy will be converted into potential eneray and some part of it goes against friction and after travelling distance S it comes to rest ie. v = 0 ‘And we know that ratardation a=gisin0 +sLc0s01 By substituting the value of v and a inthe following equation. Ww? -2aS ~2g[sind + weosd]S 2g(sin8 + e080) STOPPING OF TWO BLOCKS DUE TO FRICTION J —_ When two masses compressed towards each other and suddenly released then energy acquired by each block will be dissipated against friction and finally block comes to rest ie, xS=E [Where F = Friction, § = Distance covered by block, E = Initial kinetic energy of the block] LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. =F <5 =5— [Where P = momentum of block] Pp yng TAS F= wg] Ina given condition P and are same for both the blocks. sos «1, Sif mS im VELOCITY AT THE BOTTOM OF ROUGH WEDGE A body of mass m which is placed at the top of the wedge (af height h) starts moving downward on a raugh inclined plano. Loss of energy due to tctlon =F: {Work against tition) PEat point A=mgh KE at point By the law of conservation of energy my? = meh —FL, ‘The upper half of an inclined piane of inclination 0 is perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough. Prove that body starting from the rest at top comes back to rest at the bottom if the coefficient of friction for the lower halt is given p= 2tan 6 For upper half by the equation of motion * =u" +2as yP $0" +2(g sinOV/2 = glsind [As u=0,5 =1/2,a= sind] For lower halt | 2g(sind— prcos oylf2 (ASY = 0.8 =1/ 2a = g(sind ~ pre0s 6] => O= glsind + glisin 0 s20088) [As final velocity of upper half will be equal to the initial velocity of lower half] > 2sind = peos > ys = Dan LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. ‘When a cart moves with some acceleration toward right then a pseudo force (ma) acts on biock toward left. This force (ma) is action force by a block on cart Now block will remain static w.r.t. block. If friction force uit > my . saat # n= # This is the minimum aceoleration of the cart so that block does not fal and the minimum fotce to hold the block together Fogg <1 +My Fein =(M +m) 5 “ ‘A person with a mass fm stands in coritact against the wall of a-cylindrical drum (rotor). The coefficient of friction between the wall and the clothing is 1. It Rotor starts rotating about its axis, then person thrown away from the centre due to centrifugal force at a particular speed o, the person stuck to the wall even the floor Is removed, because friction force balances its weight in this ‘condition. From the figure. Friction force (F) = weight of person (mg) = uR=mg = Ae =me [Here, Fe centrifugal force] => panodyr—me LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRJ VISION PVT. LTD. ant 00a tatat=sseaes cette: | According to Newton's first law of motion, whenever a body moves in a straight line with uniform velocity, no force is required to maintain this velocity. But when a body moves along a circular path with uniform speed, its direction changes continuously i. velocity Keeps on changing on account of a change in direction. According to Newton's second law of motion, a change in the direction of motion of the body can take place only if some extemal force acts, on the body. Due to inertia, at every point of the circular path; the body tends to move along the tangent to the circular path at that point (in figure). Since everybody has directional inertia, a velocity cannot change by itself and as such we have to apply a force. But this force should be such that it changes the direction of velocity and not its magnitude. This is possible only if the force acts perpendicular to the direction of velocity. Because the velocity is along the tangent, this force must be along the radius (because the radius of a circle at any point is perpendicular to the tangent at that point). Further, as this force is to move the body in a circular path, it must acts towards the centre. This centre seeking force is called the centripetal force. Hence, centripetal force is that force which is required to movera body in a circular path with uniform speed. The ‘force acts on the body along the radius and towards centre. Formulae for centripetal force m 2, man rr Table :Centripetal force in different situation Situation Centripetal Force A patticle tied to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle Tension in the string Vehicle taking a turn on a level road Frictional force exerted by the road on the tyres Avehicle on a speed breaker Weight of the body or a component of weight Revolution of earth around the sun Gravitational force exerted by the sun Coulomb attraction exerted by the protons in the Electron revolving around the nucleus in an atom. nucleus Accharged particle describing a circular path ina magnetic Magnetic force exerted by the agent that sets up fete the magnetic field 8 SKIDDING OF VEHICLE ON A LEVEL ROAD J Whena vehicle takes a turn on a circular path it requires centripetal force. If friction provides this centripetal force then vehicle can move in circular path safely if limiting friction force > required centripetal force LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. my? ping = Ve S¥ure This is the maximum speed by which vehicle can take a tum on a circular path of radius r, where coefficient of ftiction between the road and tyre is 4. a On a rotating platform, to avoid the skidding of an object (mass m) placed at a distance r from axis of rotation, the ‘centripetal force should be provided by force of friction. Centripetal force tee ‘Two cars going round curve with speeds one at 90 km/h and other at 15 kmih. Each car experiences same acceleration. The radii of curves are in the ratio of (aan (221 (16:4 (d) 96:1 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. Sol. (a) > » y Centripetal acceleration = *! =" (given) «2b =| (2 - non my (vy) 75) “7 A wheel of radius 0.20m is accelerated from rest with an angular acceleration of 1 rac/s*. After a rotation of 90° the radial acceleration of a particle on its rim will be (a) x mis® (b) 0.5 x m/s? (©) 2.02 m/s 8) 0.2 2 ms. @) From the equation of motion Angular speed acquired by the wheel, o} =o} +209 =042« Now radial acceleration wr = 2x 0.2 =0.22m/s? ‘SAMPLE PROBLEMS BASED ON CENTRIPETAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCE Ex. 84 A ball of mass 0.1 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 1 m by means of a string at an initial speed of 10 rpm. Keeping the radius constant, the tension in the string is reduced to one quarter of its initial value. The new speed is (a)5 rpm (b) 10pm. (©) 20rp.m. (0) 14rp.m. (a) Tension in the sting 7 =ma?r=m4x%n?r Ten! oF na VT [As mandrare constant] me fR. (e, m mon VP oa ‘A oylindrical vessel partially filed with water is rotated about its vertical central axis, It's surface will (2) Rise equally (b) Rise from the sides (c) Rise from the middle (d) Lowered equally ) Duo to the centritugal force; A proton of mass 1.6 x 10-*kg goes round in a circular orbit of radius 0.10 m under a centripetal force of 4x 10"N, then the frequency of revolution of the proton is about (2) 0.08 x 10%cyclespersec (b) 4 x 10%cyclesper sec (€)8 x 10®eyclespersec (0) 12 « 10°cyclespersec (@ B= 4510-8 Nim =1.6 x10 ke} r= 0.1m a2 F Centripetal force F =mdz7n?r 2. = * eyeles (566 = 0.08 «10° cycle fee Amar Three identical particles are joined together by a thread as shown in figure. All the three particles are moving in a horizontal plane. If the velocity of the outermost particle is vo, then the ratio of tensions in the three sections of the string is (a) 3:5:7 (b)3:4:5 (751126 (d)3:5:6 (@) Let the angular speed of the thread is « LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRIVISION PVT. LTD. For particle ‘> r, = ma?31 For particle ‘B’ 7 mo2U >? 7, =most For particle Cr, -7, = ma21 > 1, = meet Ty :Ty Ty =3:5:6 Asstone of mass 1 kg tied to the end of a string of length 1 m, is whirled in a horizontal circle with a uniform angular velocity of 2 rads. The tension of the string is (in N) (a2 (b) + (cy 4 (a) + © T= mor =1 y= L0r Sg, == Inds? da, = ane SO cay =f ve? = fa50P +P ay =250m/s? approx.) A patticle moving along the circular path with a speed v and its speed increases by ‘g’ in one second. If the radius of the circular path be +, then the net acceleration of the particle is 4, = 8 (Given) and 4, =*— and A car is moving with sped 30 vee on al citéular path of radius 500 Im. is speed |s increasing at the rate of2i/sec®. What is the acceleration of the car?- (a) 2 mis® (b) 2.7 mis? (c) 1.8 mist (d) 9.8 mis? (b) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION ‘THEORY SHEETRI VISION PVT. LTD. EXERCISE - I TS Introduction & Law of Inertia / 12" Laws of Motion. A rider on horse back falls when horse starts running all of a sudden because (1) Rider is taken back (2) Rider is suddenly atraid of falling (3) Inertia of rest keeps the upper part of body at rest whereas lower part of the body moves forward with the horse (4) None of the above When a train stops suddenly, passengers in the running train fool an instant jerk in the forward direction because (1) The back of seat suddenly pushes the passengers forward (2} Inertia of rest stops the train and takes the body forward (3) Upper part of the body continues tobe in the state of motion whereas the lower part of the body in contact with seat remains at rest (4) Nothing can be said due to insufficient data Inertia is that property of @ body by virtue of which the body is (1) Unable to change by itself the state-of rest (2) Unable to change by itself the state of uniform motion (3) Unable to change by itself the direction of motion (4) Unable to change by itself the state of rest and of uniform linear motion ‘A man getting down a running bus falls forward because (1) Due to inertia of rest, road is left behind and man reaches forward (2) Due to inertia of motion upper part of body Continues to be in motion in forward direction while feet come to rest as soon as they touch the road (3) He leans forward as a matter of habit (4) Of the combined effect of all the three factors stated in (1), (2) and (3) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION A boy sitting on the topmost berth in ‘compartment of a train which is just going to stop on a railway station drops an apple aiming at the open hand of his brother sitting vertically below his hands ata distance of about 2 meter. The apple will fall (1) Precisely on the hand of his brother (2) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction of motion of the train (3) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the train (4) None of the above Newton's first law of motion describes the following (1) Energy (2) Work (3) Inertia {4}, Moment of inertia ‘A person sitting in an open car moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically up into air. The ball falls (1) Qutside the car (2) Inthe cat ahead of the person (@) Ih the car fo the side of the person (4)-Exactly:in the-hand which threw it up A bird weighs 2 kg and is inside a closed cage of 1 kg. If it starts flying, then what is the weight of the bird and cage assembly (1) 1.5kg (3) 3kg (2 25k9 (4) 4kg A particle is moving with a constant speed along a straight line path. A force is not required to (1) Increase its speed (2) Decrease the momentum (3) Change the direction (4) Keop it moving with uniform volocity When a bus suddenly takes a tum, the passengers are thrown outwards because of (1) Inertia of motion (2) Acceleration of motion (3) Speed of motion (4) Both (2) and (3) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTIONRI VISION PVT. LTD. EXERCISE - I TS Introduction & Law of Inertia / 12" Laws of Motion. A rider on horse back falls when horse starts running all of a sudden because (1) Rider is taken back (2) Rider is suddenly atraid of falling (3) Inertia of rest keeps the upper part of body at rest whereas lower part of the body moves forward with the horse (4) None of the above When a train stops suddenly, passengers in the running train fool an instant jerk in the forward direction because (1) The back of seat suddenly pushes the passengers forward (2} Inertia of rest stops the train and takes the body forward (3) Upper part of the body continues tobe in the state of motion whereas the lower part of the body in contact with seat remains at rest (4) Nothing can be said due to insufficient data Inertia is that property of @ body by virtue of which the body is (1) Unable to change by itself the state-of rest (2) Unable to change by itself the state of uniform motion (3) Unable to change by itself the direction of motion (4) Unable to change by itself the state of rest and of uniform linear motion ‘A man getting down a running bus falls forward because (1) Due to inertia of rest, road is left behind and man reaches forward (2) Due to inertia of motion upper part of body Continues to be in motion in forward direction while feet come to rest as soon as they touch the road (3) He leans forward as a matter of habit (4) Of the combined effect of all the three factors stated in (1), (2) and (3) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION A boy sitting on the topmost berth in ‘compartment of a train which is just going to stop on a railway station drops an apple aiming at the open hand of his brother sitting vertically below his hands ata distance of about 2 meter. The apple will fall (1) Precisely on the hand of his brother (2) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction of motion of the train (3) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the train (4) None of the above Newton's first law of motion describes the following (1) Energy (2) Work (3) Inertia {4}, Moment of inertia ‘A person sitting in an open car moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically up into air. The ball falls (1) Qutside the car (2) Inthe cat ahead of the person (@) Ih the car fo the side of the person (4)-Exactly:in the-hand which threw it up A bird weighs 2 kg and is inside a closed cage of 1 kg. If it starts flying, then what is the weight of the bird and cage assembly (1) 1.5kg (3) 3kg (2 25k9 (4) 4kg A particle is moving with a constant speed along a straight line path. A force is not required to (1) Increase its speed (2) Decrease the momentum (3) Change the direction (4) Keop it moving with uniform volocity When a bus suddenly takes a tum, the passengers are thrown outwards because of (1) Inertia of motion (2) Acceleration of motion (3) Speed of motion (4) Both (2) and (3) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTIONRIVISION PVT. LTD. 1". LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ‘Amass of 1 kg is suspended by a string A. Anothor string C is connected 0 its lower end (see figure). If ‘a sudden jerk is given to C, then c (1) The portion AB of the string will break. (2) The portion BC of the string will break (3) None of the strings will break (4) The mass will start rotating In the above Question, if the string C is stretched slowly, then (1) The portion AB of the string will break (2) The portion BC of the string will break (3) None of the strings wil-break: (4) None of the above A eference frame attached to the earth [More than one option is correct) (1) isan inertial frame by definition (2) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is revolving around the sun (3) is an inertial frame because Newton's laws are applicable in this frame (4) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is rotating about. its axis, A particle stays at rest as seen in a frame. We can conclude that /More than one option is correct] (1) the frame is inertial (2) resultant force on the particle is zero (3) the frame may be inertial but the resultant force on the particle is zero (4) the frame may be non inertial but there is a nonzero resultant force. A particle is found to be at rest when seen from a frame S; and moving with a constant velocity when seen from another frame Se. Mark out the possible options. [More than one option is correct] (1) Both the frames are inertial (2) Both the frames are noninertial (3) S1/s inortial and S2 is noninertal (4) S1is non inertial and S2is inertial. EXERCISE i) | NEWTON'S SECOND LAW If a bullet of mass 5 gm moving with velocity 100 m Jsec, penetrates the wooden block upto 6 em. Then the average force imposed by the bullet on the block is (1) 8300 N 2) 417N (3) 830 (4) Zero ‘A diwali rocket is ejecting 0.05 kg of gases per second at a velocity of 400 m/sec. The accelerating force on the rocket is (1) 20dynes (2) 20N (3) 22 dynes (4) 1000 N A body of mass 2 kg moving on a horizontal surface with an intial velocity of 4 m/sec comes to rest after 2 soc, If one wants to keop this body moving on the same-surtace-witha-velocity of 4 misec, the force required is Gy8N @) 4N (3) Zero (4) 2N ‘An object with a mass 10 kg moves at a constant velocity of 10 mi/sec..A constant force then acts for 4 second an,the object and gives it a speed of 2 misec in opposite direction. The acceleration produced int, is (Ay Smarsee” 2) ~3mssee? (3) 03misec* (4) =0.3m/sec* ‘A machine gun is mounted on @ 2000 kg car on a horizontal frictionless surface. At some instant the un fires bullets of mass 10 gm with a velocity of 500 misec with respect to the car. The number of bullets fired por second is ton. The average thrust con the system is (1) 550N (2) 50N (3) 250N (4) 250 dyno A cricket ball of mass 250 g collides with a bat with velocity 10 mis and returns with the same velocity within 0.01 second. The force acted on bat is (1) 25N (2) 50N (3) 250N (4) 500.NRIVISION PVT. LTD. 22. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ‘A machine gun fires a bullet of mass 40 g with a velocity 1200ms'. The man holding it can exert a maximum force of 144 N on the gun. How many bullets can he fire per second at the most? (1) One (2) Four (3) Two (4) Three ‘An automobile travelling with a speed of @ bm can brake to stop within a distance of 20 m. If the car is going twice as fast, ie. 120 kmih, the stopping distance will be (1) 20m (2) 40m (3) 60m (4) 80m ‘A rocket set for vertical firing weighs 50 kg and contains 450 kg of fuel. It can have a maximum exhaust velocity of 2 km/s. What should be its minimum rate of fuel consumption to give it an acceleration of 20 mis? (1) 5kgis Q)75kg/s (3) 9 kgis (4) 11 kgis The linear momentum p of a body moving in one dimension varies with time according to the equation p=a+li?, where a and b are positive constants. The net force acting on the body is (1) Proportional to»? (2) Aconstant (3) Proportional to t (4) Inversely proportional to t ‘A ball of mass 400 gm is dropped from a height of 5m. A boy on the ground hits the ball vertically upwards with a bat with an average force of 100 newton so that it attains a vertical height of 20 m. The time for which the ball remains in contact with the bat is ( =10m/s?) (1) 0.128 (2) 0.085 (3) 004s (4) 128 A Gardner waters the plants by a pipe of diameter 1mm. The water comes out at the rate or 10 cm*/see. The reactionary force exerted on the hand of the Gardner is (1) Zero 2) 127107 (8) 127-10 (4) 0.121 EXERCISE i) A satelite in force-free space sweeps stationary interplanetary dust at a rate dM /dr=av where M is the mass; vis the velocity of the satellite and « isa constant. What is the deacceleration of the satelite? (1) -20? ya (2) a (3) av? rar (4) -cn? A rocket has an initial mass of 20s10°ky . If itis to blast off with an initial acceleration of 4ms*, the initial thrust needed is (s =10ms) (1) 6x10'W 2) 210 y (3) 20.108 (4) 12.108 10,000 small balls, each weighing 1 gm, strike one square cm of area per second with a velocity 100 mis in a normal direction and rebound with the same velocity. The value Of pressure on the surface will be (teas t08 Ny (2) 2105 Nim? (3pp10" Nim (4) 26107 Nem? — | NEWTON'S THIRD LAW ‘Switnining is possible on account of (4) First law of motion (2)-Second law.of mation, (3) Third law of motion (4) Newton's law of gravitation When we jump out of a boat stanging in water it moves (1) Forward (2) Backward (3) Sideways (4) None of the above You are on a frictionless horizontal plane. How can you get off if no horizontal force is exerted by pushing against the surface? (1) By jumping (2) By spitting or sneezing (3) By rolling your body on the surface (4) By running on the plane ‘A cannon after firing recoils due to (1) Conservation of eneray (2) Backward thrust of gases produced (3) Newton's third law of motion (4) Newton's first law of motionLAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. RIVISION PVT. LTD. 35. A manis carrying a block of a certain substance (of density 1000 kgmi*) weighing 1 kg in his left hand and a bucket filled with water and weighing 10 kg in his right hand. He drops the block into the bucket. How much load does he carry in his right hand now (1) Ska @) 10k9 (3) 11kg (4) 12kg ‘Aman fs standing at a spring platform. Reading of spring balance is 60 kg wt. If man jumps outside platform, then reading of spring balance (1) First increases then decreases to zero (2) Decreases (8) Increases (4) Remains same ‘A cold soft drink is kept on the balance, When the cap is open, then the weight (1} Increases (2) Decreases (8) First increases then decreases (4) Remains same A bird is sitting in a large closed cage which. is placed on a spring balance, It records a weight of 25 N. The bird (mass m = 0.5 kg) flies upward in the cage with an acceleration of 2mss7, The spring balance will now record a weight of (1) 24N (@) 25N (3) 26N (4 27N ‘A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the ‘other light spring balance and a block of mass M kg hangs from the former one. Then the true statement about the scale reading is (1) Both the scales read M/2 kg each (2) Both the scales read M kg each (3) The scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the upper one zero (4) The reading of the two scales can be anything but the sum of the reading will be M kg ‘A machine gun fires 20 bullets per second into a target. Each bullet weighs 150 gms and has a speed of 800 misec. Find the force necessary to hold the gun in position (1) 800N (2) 1000 N (3) 1200N (4) 2400 N EXERCISE The tension in the spring is sy iif se (1) Zero (2) 25N (3) 5N (@ 10N ‘A book Is lying on the table, What is the angle between the action of the book on the table and tho reaction of the table on the book (1) 0° (@) 30° (3) 45° (4) 180° When a horse pulls a wagon, the force that causes the horse to move forward is the force (1) The ground exerts on it (2) Itexorts on the ground (3) The wagon exerts on it (4) Itexerts on the wagon ‘A student attompts to pull himself up by tugging on his hair. He will not succeed (1) As the force exerted is small (2) The frictional force while gripping is smal. (3) Newton's law of inertia is not applicable to living beings. (4) {As the force applied is internal to the system. ‘Aman is standing at the centre of frictionless pond of ice. How can he get hiiself to the shore (f) By throwing his shit in vertically upward direction (2) By spitting horizontally (3) He will wait for the ice to melt in pond (4) Unable to got at the shore MOTION OF CONNECTED BODIES 46. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. Ifa force P is applied at the free end of the rope, the force ‘oxorted by the rope on the block will be (1) P (2) Pm Mem (3) Mem 4) WnRIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 47. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ‘A rope of longth Lis pulled by a constant force F. What is the tension in the rope at a distance x from the end where the force is applied oe FL @ Three equal weights A, B and C of mass 2 kg each are hanging on a string passing over a fixed frictionless pulley as shown in the figure The tension in the string connecting weights B and C is t (1) Zero @ 13N (3) 33N @ 19.6N Two masses of 4 kg and 5 kg are connected by a string passing through a frictionless pulley and are kept on a frictonless table as shown in the figure. The acceleration of 5 kg mass is. 4g (1) 49m 5? (2) Sadnd s? (3) 195mis? (4) 272m05? ‘Three blocks A, B and C weighing 1, 8 and 27 kg respectively are connected as shown in the figure with an inoxtensible sting and are moving on a smooth surface. 7, is equal to 96 N. Then 7, is te (1) 18N 2) 9N (3) 3.375 N (4) 1.25 EXERCISE Two bodies of mass 8 kg and 4 kg are suspended at the ends of massless string passing over a frictionless pulley. The acceleration of the system is (= 98m (1) 49m? (2) 245mis? (3) Lams: (4) 95mis* Three solids of masses mm, and m are connected with weightless string in succession and are placed on a frictionless table. If the mass im, is dragged with a force T, the tension in the string between my and my is (1) —_-r (2) — + Three blocks of masses m.m, and are connected. by massless strings as shown on a triionless table. They are pulled with a force TEBION. Mt m=10keyny =6ke aNd m;=4ke, the tension 7: willbe (1) 20N (2) 40N (3) 10N (4) 32N block of mass. m, rests on a horizontal tablo. A siting tied to the block is passed on a frictionless pulley fixed at the end of the table and to the other end of string is hung another block of mass wm, , The ‘acceleration of the system is ty one em ® orem @o @ oe 'A.2 kg biock is lying on a smooth table which is connected by a body of mass 1 kg by a string which passes through a pulley. The 1 kg mass is hanging vertically. The acceleration of block and tension in the string will be (1) 327m/s?,654N (2) 438m/s?,6.54N (3) 327m/s?,9.86N (4) 438m/s?,986N" PAGE: 70RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 56. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a frictionless table. A thread tied to it passes over a frictionless pulley and carries a body B of mass 3 kg at the other end, The acceleration of the system is (given go-to?) (1) 10057 (2) ws? (3) 10s (4) 30s? Thee blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 5 kg are connected to each other with light string and are then placed on a frictionless surface as shown in the figura. The system is pulled by a force F =10N. then tension 7) = ZA Ska 7 (1) 1N @ 5N (3) 8N (4 10N ‘One end of a massless rope, which passes over a massless and frictionless pulley Pils tied to a:hook C while the other end is free-Maximum-tension that. the rope can bear is 360 N. with what value of minimum safe acceleration (in ms*) can a monkey of cots _move down on the rope > (1) 16 @6 3) 4 (4) 8 A light string passing over a smooth light pulley connects two blocks of masses ™! and (vertically). If the acceleration of the system is g/® then the ratio of the masses is (1) 8:4 9:7 (3 4:3 (4) 5:8 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE Two masses m=Siy and m,=48te tied to a string aro hanging over a light frictionless pulley. What is the acceleration of the masses when they ate free to move (g =9.8 m/s*) wd (1) 02 mis? (2) 98 mis? (3) Sms? (4) 48 mis? | CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM & IMPULSE ‘A100 q iron ball having velocity 10 m/s collides with ‘a wall at an angle 30° and rebounds with the same angle: If the period of contact between the ball and wall.is.0.1-socond, then the force experienced by theWall is (p10N (2) 100N (3) 10N (4) O1N The momentum of a system is conserved (1) Always: (2)) Never (3).In_the absence of an_external force on the system (4) None of the above A body of mass 0.25 kg is projected with muzzle velocity 100ns" from a tank of mass 100 kg. What is the recoil velocity of the tank? (1) Sms" (2) 25ms! (3) o5mst ' (@) 025ms ‘A bullet is fired from a gun. The force on the bullet is given by = 600-2.10'r , where F is in Newton's and t in seconds. The force on the bullet becomes Zo10 as soon as it leaves the barrel. What is the average impulse imparted to the bullet (1) 9Ns (2) Zero (3) 9 Ns (4) 18NsRIVISION PVT. LTD. 65. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ‘A gun (mass = M) fires a bullet (mass = m) with speed vi, relative to barrel of the gun which is inclined at an angle of 60° with horizontal. The gun is placed over a smooth horizontal surface. Find the recoil speed of gun. M my 2(M +m) OR “(+ m) OF OY om ‘Aman of mass 60 kg jumps ftom a toey of mass 20 kg standing on smocth surtaco with absolute velocity 3 mis. Find velocty of trolley and total energy produced by man (1) @ms,102K)—@) 6ms, 120K (8) 7s, 102K) —(@) 9mv8, 120K Three particles of mass 20 g, 30 g and 40g are initially moving along the~positive direction” of the tee coordinate axes fespectvely wih the some velocity of 20 cm/s. When due to their mutual interaction, the first particle comes. to rest, the second acquires a velocity 10i+20k% , What is then the velocity of the third particle? (1) ¥-Q5i+105j+5K) mis (2) ¥=(esisisj+sk) mse (3) ¥-2.5ist0}+5k) m/s (4) #-Qsi4sjetsk) mis A particle of mass 2 m is projected at an angle of 45° with horizontal with velocity of 20y2 m/s. After 1s explosion takes place and the particle is broken into two equal pieces. As a result of explosion one part comes to rest. Find the maximum height attained by the other part. Take g = 10 mis®. (1) 20m (2) 25m (3) 35m (4) 40m A boy of mass 60 kg Is standing over a platform of mass 40 kg placed over a smooth horizontal surface. He thrown a stone of mass 1 kg with velocity v ~ 10 mis at an angle 45° with respect to the ground. Find the displacement of the platform (with boy) on the horizontal surface when the stone lands on the ground. Take g = 10 mis? EXERCISE (1)40m (2) 6m (3) 80m (4) 100m Aparicle of mass 1 kg is projected from the ground at an angle of 60° with horizontal at a velocity of 20 mis. Find the magnitude of change in its velocity in 1s. (g= 10 mis’) (1) 10 m/s downwards (2) 10 m/s upward (3) 20 m/s downward — (4) 20 m/s upward Velocity of a particle of mass 2 kg varies with time t according to the equation ¥=(2i+4]) mis. Here, t is in seconds. Find the impulse imparted to the particle in the time interval from t= 0 tot = 2s. (1) @DN-s (2) @DN-s (3) a2DN-s (4) aoiyN-s A ball of mass 1 kg is attached to an inextensible string: The balls released from the position shown in figure. Find the impulse imparted by the ring to the ball immediately after the string the string becomes taut. (Take g = 10 m/s?) r (1) 582s (2)6.32N-s (3.6.92 N-s (4) 7.02 Ns A car of mass 500 kg (including the mass of a block) is moving on a smooth road with velocity 1.0 ms" along positive x-axis. Now a block of mass 25 kg is thrown outside with absolute velocity of 20s" along positive z-axis. The new velocity of the car (ms) 101+20k (2) 101-20k 20; 205 © 10i-% 9RIVISION PVT. LTD. 74. Abullot of mass m hits a target of mass M hanging by a string and gets embedded in it. If the block rises to a height h as a result of this collision, the velocity of the bullet before collision is (1) v= Bai (2) va feel] M, (3) val] (a) voveat[ 1-2] A ball of mass m = 1 kg strikes smooth horizontal floor as shown in figure. The impulse exerted on the floor is ae (1) 6.25 Ns (3) 7.8 Ns @ 1.76 Ns @) 22Ns EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE When a body is stationary (1) There is no force acting on it (2) The force acting on itis not in contact with it (3) The combination of forces acting on it balances. each other (4) The body is in vacuum ‘Two forces of magnitude F have a resultant of the same magnitude F, The angle between the two forces is (1) 45° (2) 120° (3) 150° (4) 60° Three forces starts acting simultaneously on a particle moving with velocity 7 These forces are represented in magnitude and direction by the three sides of a triangle ABC (as shown). The particle will now move with velocity a LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE (1) 7 remaining unchanged (2) Less than (3) Greater than > (4) in the direction of the largest forco BC Which of the following groups of forces could be in equilibrium (1) 3N4N5N (2) 4N,5N,10N (3) SON, 40 N, 80.N (4) 1N,8N,5N The smooth rad of mass 10 kg is in the equilibrium of walls which are fixed. Find the force exerted by wall AB on the road. 8 (1900 N (2)50N (3) )s0V3N (4) 10/3 N A block of mass 1 kg is moving on a horizontal XY- plane inthe jntluence of fotce F=3i+4)-si The acceleration due to gravity is directed in negative 2- direction. Find the normal reaction on the block by the plane. (1) 10N (2) 15N (3) 20N (4) 5N ‘A smooth light rod not reaching the rough floor is inserted between two identical blocks. A horizontal force F is applied to upper end of rod. The contact force between block A and rod is F: and contact force between block B and rod is Fa. Then, Fr [He] (1) Fi=Fe (2) Fi>Fe (3) Fi0RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 83. Three identical smooth cylinders each of mass V3 kg are placed as shown in the figure. Find normal reaction between cylinder A and cylinder B. (1) 10N (2) 20N (3) 10/3 N (4) Cannot be calculated A force of St N is applied on a block of mass 1 kg. ‘The magnitude of normal reaction on the block by horizontal ground is Ni and magnitude of normal reaction on block due to vertical wall is Nz. Ni versus No graph is @) (4) None of this Find the reaction force exerted by the rack at point A (1) 2003 N (2) 100V3 N (3) 100V6N (4) soV3.N Find the reaction force exerted by the rack at point Cc. (1) 100 (2) 10/3 N (3) 10046 N (4) 50V3N Find the reaction force exerted by the rack at the point it (1) 1o0@-V3)N (2) 100/6N (4) 1003 @) 1we+V5)N LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE Find the loast value of tana for which equilibrium is possibie. (1) WB @1 1 iB (3) @) BS 2 If you push a wall by a force of 10 N. Then, the force by wall on you is (1) 10N (3) zero (2) 20N (@ 10 w (3) tano/2> (4) cot 9/22 A body A of mass 1 kg rests on a smooth surface. Another body B of mass 0.2 kg is placed over A as shown, The coetticient of static friction between A and B is 0.15. B will begin to slide on A if Ais pulled with a force greater than La (1) 4.764N (2) 0.1764N (@) O3N (4) It will not slide for any F A block A of mass 2 kg rests on another block B of mass 8/kg which’ rests on a horizontal floor. The coefficient. of friction between A and B is 0.2, while that between B and floor is 0.5. When a horizontal force of 25 N is applied on the block B, the force of friction between A and Bis 2g 8g (1) Zero 2) 39N (3) 50N (4) 49N . A heavy uniform chain lies on a horizontal table top. If the coefficient of friction between the chain and the table surface is 0.25, then the maximum fraction of the length of the chain that can hang over one ‘dge of the table is (1) 20% (2) 25% (3) 95% (4) 15%RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 102. A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to just hold a block stationary against a wall. The coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is 0.2, The weight of the block is (1) 2N (2) 20N (3) SON (4) 100N The system shown in the figure is in equilibrium, The maximum value of W, so that the maximum, value of static frictional force on 100 kg body is 450 N, will be (1) 100 (2) 250N (3) 450 (4) 1000N |. The maximum speed that can be achieved without skidding by @ car on a circular unbanked road of radius R and coefficient of static friction’ 14, is (1) aks ) Ree (3) ale 4) ake j. Acar tums a comer on a slippery road at a constant speed of 10m/s. If the coefficient of friction is 0.5, the minimum radius of the arc in meter in which the car turns is (1) 20 (2) 10 (3) 5 a4 LS FRICTION FORCE - KINETIC 106. On a rough horizontal surtace, a body of mass 2 kg is given a velocity of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction is 0.2 and _g=10m/s?, the body will stop after covering a distance of (1) 10m (2) 25m (3) 50m (4) 250m LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE A vehicle of mass m is moving on a rough horizontal road with momentum P, If the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the road be 1, then the stopping distance is ay Tame @ @ 2um?g 2um . When a body is placed on a rough plane inclined at an angle @ to the horizontal, its acceleration is — (1) g(sin cos) (2) glsind~ s20080) (3) g(usin@l-cosé) (4). gutsind cos) |. A given object takes n times as much time to slide down a 45° rough incline as it takes to slide down a perfecty smootn 45° incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the incline is ‘given by w(t cas) (3) |. A block is lying on an inclined plane which makes 60° with. thé horizontal. If coefficient of friction between block and plane is 0.25 and ¢ =10m/s”, then acceleration. ofthe block when it moves along the plane will be (1) 2.50m/s* 2) 500m/s? (3) Tami (4) 866m/s? ‘A body takes time t to reach the bottom of an inclined plane of angle © with the horizontal. If the plane is made rough, time taken now is 2. The coefficient of friction of the rough surface is 3 2 1) Sane 2) 2 rane (1) Sane @ 20 1 tano dean (3) tana 4) Stan0 . A body of 5 kg weight kept on a rough inclined plane of angle 30° starts sliding with a constant velocity. Then the coefficient of friction is (assume g = 10 m/s) (1) 3 (3) v5 (2) 28 (4) 5RIVISION PVT. LTD. 113, ‘The upper halt of an inclined plane of inclination @ is perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough. A body starting from the rest at top comes back to rest at the bottom if the coefficient of friction for the lower half is given (1) w=sin 0 (3) w=2cos0 (2)u=coto (@)u=2tano |. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough If @ block moving up at horizontal surface having coefficient of friction 1. = 0.5. If horizontal force of 100 N is acting on it, then acceleration of the block will be (1) 0.5 mist (2) 5 mis? (3) 10 mse (4) 15 mis? 10° with a velocity 5 iis, stops after 0.5 sec, then what is 4. (1) 08 (2) 1.25 (3) 06 (@) None of these A block of mass 1 kg slides down on a rough inclined plane of inclination 60® starting from its top. If the eoetticient of kinetic friction is. 0.5 and length of the plane is 1 m, then work done against fr is (Take g = 9.8 ms") (1) 9.820 (3) 2.454 @) 4.944 (4) 1.96 . A4kg block Ais placed on the top of a 8 kg block B which rests on a smooth table. A just slips on B when a force of 12 N is applied on A. Then the maximum horizontal force on B to make both A and B move together, is (1) 12N (3) 36N (2) 24N (4) 48N A body takes just twice the time as long to slide LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. down a plane inclined at 30° to the horizontal as if the plane were frictionless. The coefficient of friction between the body and the plane is iB (ya WB @ 4 3 as EXERCISE i) |. A body of weight 64 N is pushed with just enough force to start it moving across a horizontal floor and the same force continues to act afterwards. If the coefficients of static and dynamic friction are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively, the acceleration of the body will be (Acceleration due to gravity = 9) me 2) 064g os (4) 029 300 Joule of work is done in sliding a 2 kg block up an inclined plane to a height of 10 meters. Taking value of acceleration due to gravity ‘9° to be 10 m/s®, work done against friction is (1) 100 (2) 2000 (3} 300J (4) Zero PSUEDO FORCE ‘A.body of mass 2 kg is hung on a spring balance motinted vertically in a lift. If the litt descends with ati/accoleration equal to the acceleration due to Gravity ‘g’, the reading on the spring balance will be (1) 2kg (2) Gxgike (3) Qxsoke (4) Zero 9. R coin iS dropped tn a fit! It takes time +, to reach the floor when lift is stationary. It takes time 1, when lift is moving up with constant acceleration. Then (1) oe Bq 2 oon @) goon . A body of mass 4 kg weighs 4.8 kg whon suspended in a moving lift. The acceleration of the lifts (1) 980m5? downwards (2) 9.80" * upwards (3) 1.96 * downwards (4) 1.96” * upwards |. An elevator weighing 6000 kg is pulled upward by a cable with an acceleration of Sms. Taking g to be 10ms”, then the tension in the cable is (1) 6000 N (2) 9000N (3) 60000 N (4) 90000 NRIVISION PVT. LTD. 125. The ratio of the woight of a man in a stationary lift and when it is moving downward with uniform acceleration ‘a’ is 3 : 2, The value of ‘a’ is @- Acceleration due to gravity of the earth) 3 8 3 Qs 2 (3) Se 9 3 . Amass 1 kg is suspended by a thread. It is (i) Lifted up with an acceleration 4.9/5? (i) Lowered with an acceleration 4.9m/s?. ‘The ratio of the tensions is (1) ast 1:3 (3) 1:2 (4) 2:1 ”. Ablock is kept on a frictionless inclined surface with angle of inclination ‘a’. The incline is given an acceleration ‘a’ to keep the block stationary. Then a [Ns is equal to (a @ gtan« (8) g/tan a. (4) q.cosee a | A body B lies on a smooth ‘hofizontal table andanother body A is placed-on-B:-The-coefficient of tiction between A and B is «1. What accoteration given to B will cause slipping to occur between A and B (1) ag (2) gin (8) ale @) le ). The roar side of a truck is opon and a box of 40 ka mass is placed 5 m away from the open end as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction between the box and the surface below it is 0.15. On a straight road, the truck starts from rest and accelerates with 2 m s2. At what distance from the starting point does the box falloff the truck? (Ignore the size of the box). LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE (1)25m (3) 20m (2) 15m (4) 10m. |. The rear side of a truck is open and a box of 1 kg mass is placed 5 m away from the open end as shown in above figure. The coefficient of static {riction between the box and the surface below itis 0.5 & kinetic friction is 0.4. On a straight road, the truck starts from rest and accelerate with 2 mist. Find friction force. ()2N ()5N @)4Nn @7N In above question it a = 5m/s* then find friction force. ()2N (3)5N @4n @7N . In question 130 if a = Bin/s? the find friction force ()2N GSN @an @7N .__In question 130 if 1 = 0 find displacement of block with respect to ground? (2m a5 Q4am (4) 0m A ds roves wins Spd of 38 Hovnn, and has a radius of 15 cm. Two coins are placed at 4 and 146m away from the centre of the record. If the ‘coreffieicent of friction” between the coins and the record is 0.15, which of the coins will revolve with the record? (1) Coin 4. (3) Coin t and 4 (2) Coin 4 (4) No coin . Coefficients of friction between the flat bed of the truck and crate are y,=O8andy,=07. The ‘coefficient of kinetic friction botwoent the truck tires, and the road surface is 0.9. If the truck stops from an initial speed of 15 mis with maximum braking (wheels skidding). Determine where on the bed the crate finally comes to rest. (Take g = 10 m/s?) 2m, LO (1)2.77 (2)3.22m (329m 3mRIVISION PVT. LTD. i) ———————_———7 ‘CIRCULAR MOTION 3. The maximum speed that can be achieved without skidding by a car on a circular unbanked road of radius R and coefficient of static friction 4, is (1) ake (2) Rede (3) ae (4) Ja . Astone of mass im is tied to a string of length and rotated in a circle with a constant speed v. If the string is released, the stone flies (1) Radially outward (2) Radially inward (3) Tangentially outward, (4) With an acceleration The road at a circular tutn of radius 10 m is banked by an angle of 10°. With what speed should. a vehicle move on the turn so that the normal contact force is able to provide the necessary centripetal force? (1) 4-2 ms (2) 3.2 mis (3) 0-2 mis (4) 2.2 mis A car has to move on a level turn of radius 45 m. if the coetticient of static friction between the tyre and the road is 1 = 2.0, find the maximum sped the car can take without skidding (1) 81 km/hr (2) 98 km/hr (3) 110 km/hr (4) 108 km/hr |. A circular track of radius 600 m is to be designed for cars at an avorage speed of 180 km/hr. What should be the angle of banking of the track? (1) 206° (2) 226° (3) 926° (4) 426° LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE A table will smooth horizontal surface is turning at an angular speed @ about its axis. A groove is made on the surface along a radius and a particle is gently placed inside the groove at a distance from the contre, Find the speed of the particle with respect to the table as its distance from the centre becomes L. (1) veode ea @)ve0V2 =a? (2) v=mJE-a (4) v= oF . When a particle moves in a circle with a uniform speed (1) Its velocity and accoleration are both constant (2) lis volocity is constant but the acceleration changes (8) its acceleration is constant but the velocity changes (4) its velocity and acceleration beth change. Two cars having masses m: and me move in circles of-radii rs and r2 respectively. If they complote the citeles th equal time, the ratio of their angular spoods “! is (1) @ (oy a |. A small block mass 1 kg is connected by a light string passing through a hole in a smooth table with a block of mass 5 kg which hangs vertically. Find the angular velocity of the block on the table moving inva circle of radius 0.1 m in order to Koop the other block at rest. (1) 10 ras (3) 10V2 rags (4) Sv? rads A blocks of mass 1 kg attached to a light string and 2) 105 cacis whirled around in a horizontal circle of radius 1_m with angular velocity 10 red/s. Find minimum) tension in string so that string does not break (1) 50N (2) 100N (3) 200N (4) 500NRIVISION PVT. LTD. i) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 146. A phonograph turntable rotates at constant angular velocity /¥ radis. A coin is placed at distance 0.5 m from the centre of the phonograph. Find the minimum value of coefficient of static friction so that the coin does not slip over the phonograph. (1) 0.25 @) 05 (3) 0.75 4) 08 A block of mass 1 kg is placed on a turntable rotating with constant angular velocity « about point . The coetticient of friction between tumtable and the block is 0.4. The length of the string is 1 m. Find the maximum value of a for which tension in string is zero. (1) 2 radis (2) 4 radis (3) 6 radis @ 8 nas . The tension in string for «= 4 rad/s is ()4N (2)8N (3) Zero (a) 12N EXERCISE |. A car moves at a constant spood on a toad as shown in figure. The normal force by the road on the car is Na and Ne when itis at the points A and 8 respectively (Ns (1) Na= No (2) Na> No (3) Na< No (4) Insufficient information to decide the relation of Na and Ne. |. A particle of mass m is observed from an inertial frame of reference and is found to move in a circle of radius r with a uniform speed v. The centrifugal force on itis towards the centre 2 away from the centre along the tangent through the particleRI VISION PVT. LTD. EXERCISE - II Passage I (Q- 1 to. Q- 2) ‘A weighing machine of mass 20 kg is fixed in a lift of mass 10 kg. A man of mass 60 kg is standing on the weighing machine and is pulling the lift through light strings passing over light fixed smooth pulleys. a It litt is stationary, then reading of weighing machine is (1) 60kg (2) 120 kg (3) 80kg (4)15.kg. IF reading of weighing machine is equal to true weight of man, the force exerted on string by each hand of man is (1) 1800 N (2) 900 N (3) 450N (4) 2010 Passage - II (Q-3 to Q-5) Two smooth blocks A of mass 1 kg and B of mass 2 kg are connected by a light string passing vera smooth pulley as shown..The block Bis siding down with a velocity 2 m/s. A force F is applied on the block A so that the block B will reverse its direction of motion after 3 s, oS Jor Find the acceleration of block A. (1) 1 mse 2) (3) Sms? 4) Find the tension in the string. (1) 10N (2)11.33N (3) 13.67N @) 40Nn The value of Fis (1)9N (2)10N ()11N (@12N LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION Find elongation or compression in spring at ‘equilibrium of the block(s) in the following questions. (Q-6 to Q-9) (1) 04 (3) 03 fe A) .04 (31.03 = S00 ‘m.='s0ro (4) [ene 10% (1) 0.4 (202 (3) 03 404 ‘Systems shown in the following cases are in equilibrium. The springs and strings are light. The pulleys are light and smooth. Find acceleration of block just after cutting the string or spring A. (Q- 10 to Q- 12) ‘The tension in string A is 15 N. Ake (V5 (3) 15 The tension in string (ys (3) 15 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION.RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 12. ke = ke = 100. Nim (8 (210 (3) 15 (4) 20 At an instant, t = to, the acceleration of block A is 8 mis®. The acceleration of the block B at t = to is (1) 8 mis? upward (2) 6 mis? downward direction (3) Zero (4) 3.33 mis? in upward direction A block A of mass 1 kg is in contact witha vertical plate. The plate is moving horizontally with an acceleration ao. The block does not slide on the plate. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the plate is 0.5. Find minimum value of 20, | jhe TE — evcana (1) 10.mise (2) 15 mis? (3) 20 mis? (4) Zor0 In the pulley-block arrangement shown in figue. Find relation between a4. and ect (1) ay ap +2ac=0 (2) 04 #2ap Hae =0 (3) ay tag +2ag=0 (4) 2ay tay ta¢ LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE In the figure shown, as = 6 mis? (downwards) and a2 = 4 mis. Find acceleration of 1 4 (1) 1 mise (2) 2 mis? (3) 3 ms? (4) 4 mis? Find the acceleration of the block of mass M in the situation shown in the figure. All the surfaces are frictionless. (G} a £ Calculate thetension in the string shown in the figure. All the surfaces are frictionless. (Take g = 10 must) (1) 25N (5N (3) 75N (4) 10N A conveyor belt is moving with constant speed of 6 mis. A small block is just dropped on it. Coefficient of friction between the two is 1 = 0.3. Find => ‘The time when relative motion between them will stop. Displacement of block upto that instant. (g= 10 ms"), (1) a=2s,b=6m = (2)a=6s,b=2m (3) a=25,b=38m — (@)a=6s,b=5m PAGE: 82RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 20. Two balls A and B of same size are dropped from the same point under gravity. The mass of A is ‘feater than that of B. ifthe air resistance acting on ach ball is same, then (1) Both the balls reach the ground simultaneously (2) Tho ball A reaches earlior (3) The ball B reaches earlier (4) Nothing can be said The force required to just move a body up the inclined plane Is double the force required to just prevent the body from sliding down the plane. The coefficient of friction isp. It © is the angle of inclination of the plane than tan 0 is equal to (he 2 3n (3) 2 (4) 054 A particle is placed at rest inside a_ hollow hemisphere of radius R. The coefficient of friction between the particle and the hemisphere is. «= ¥ The maximum height up to which the particle can remain stationary is () ‘A smooth inclined plane of length L having inclination @ with the horizontal is inside a lift which is moving down with a retardation a. the time taken by a body to slide down the inclined plane from rest will be ar (0 fersans ® Vesina ‘A body takes time t to reach the bottom of a smooth inclined plane of angle @ with the horizontal If the plane is made rough, time taken now is 2 t. The coetticient of tition ofthe rough surface is (1) Boma @ Bm (3) fun 0 (4) duno EXERCISE ‘A.50 kg person stands on a 25 kg platform. He pulls ‘on the rope which is attached to the platform via the frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. The platform moves upwards at a steady rate if the force with which the person pulls the rope is (1) 500 N (2) 250N (3) 25N (4) None of these In the figure shown, a person wants to raise a block lying on the ground to a height h. In which case he has to exert more force. Assume pulleys and strings are light ® () Fig. (2) Fig. (i (3) Same in both (4) Cannot be determined ‘A man of mass m stands on a platform of equal mass m and pulls himsott by two ropes passing over pulleys as shown in figure. If he pulls each rope with a force equal to half his weight, his upward acceleration would be @ + (4) zeroRIVISION PVT. LTD. 28. A biock is sliding along incline as shown in figure. It the acceleration of chamber is a as shown in the figure. The time required to cover a distance L along incline is a 0) iamrtamr (3) \ganrtaano 4) aw 5 In the figure, the wedge is pushed with an acceleration of 10y3 m/s. It is seen that the block starts climbing up on the smooth inclined face of wedge. What will bo the time taken by the block to reach the top? WO a= 10 mis? ax ‘The resultant of two forces 3» and 2Pis A. If the first force is doubled then the resultant is also doubled. The angle between the two forces is (1) 60° (2) 120" (3) 70° (4) 180° AA body of mass M is kept on a rough horizontal surface (friction coefficient = u). A person is trying to pull the body by applying a horizontal force but the body is not moving. The force by the surface on Ais F, where (1) F=Mg (2) F=uMg (3) Ma SF sMgyi+”° (4) Mg =F > Mgyi-u? LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE i) Consider the situation shown in figure. The wall is smooth but the surfaces of A and B in contact are rough. The friction on B due to A in equilibrium (1) is upward (2) is downward (3) is z0r0 (4) the system cannot remain in equilibrium. ‘Suppose all the surfaces in the previous problem are rough. The direction of friction on B due to A (1) Is upward (2) Is downward (3) Is zero (4) Depends on the masses of A and B. ‘Two cars of unequal masses use similar tyres. If they, are moving at the same initial speed, the minimum stopping distance (4) Is smaller for the heavier car (2) Is smaller for the lighter car (9) Js same fot both cars (4) Depends on the volume of the car. Consider the situation shown in figure. The horizontal surface below the bigger block is smooth The coefficient of friction between the blocks is Find the minimum and the maximum force F that ‘can be applied in order to keep the smaller blocks at rest with respect to the bigger block A m| (1) Fes (M + 2m)g, re len (2) Fon (M+ 2mig. (3) Fein (M- 2g. Te + (aM + mig 1 Lt (4) Fax *RIVISION PVT. LTD. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 36. A block placed on a horizontal surface is being pushed by a force F making an angle 0 with the vertical. If the friction coefficient is jt, how much force is needed to get the block just started. Discuss the situation when tan 0 < i. -—_—s_ ng (VF Taanond = Roy newo O Fe Some | «OF ee Find the maximum value of Mim in the situation ‘shown in figure so the at the system remains at rest. Friction cootfcient at both the contacts is 1. Discuss the situation when tand < y. w in 41) Mim = ——#__ Mim = ——!__ 0 wind pond | 2080+ psind = @ Mm 24 (8) Mim = = peosd sin — wos Find the acceleration of the 500 g block in figure. 100 8 8 8 1) Sg donnwara 2) § supra (1) downs @ eupward 8 8 S eupwar 4) Ss downwa (3) [jeupward (4) [jedownward A block A can slide on a frictionless incline of angle © and longth |, Kept inside an elevator going up with Uniform velocity v (figure). Find the time taken by the block to slide down the length of the incline if it is released trom the top of the incline, EXERCISE ny bona fa i 0 fy © lon A block is kept on the floor of an elevator at rest. ‘The elevator starts descending with an acceleration of 12 m/s*. Find the displacement of the block during the first 0.2 s after the start. Take g = 10 mis?. (1) 100m (2) 150m (3) 200m (4) 250m Consider the situation shown in figure. All the surfaces are frictionless and the string and the pulley aro light. Find the magnitude of tho acceleration of the two blocks. BN waged ye (9 @) 95 (@)ai7 (4) gio A particle sides down a smooth inclined plane of elevation 8, fixed in an elevator going up with an accaleration ae figure. The base of the incline has a length Li Fird the time taken by the particle to reach the bottom. {" Lo ® leap] aL (g) r=| 24 _ [evap )eosd 0 aaRIVISION PVT. LTD. 43. Consider the situation shown in figuro. Calculate (a) the acceleration of the 1.0 kg blocks, (b) the tension in the string connecting the 1.0 kg blocks and (c) the tension in the string attached to 0.50 kg. 1.0 kg 10 kg (110.4, 2.4, 4.8 (2)24,04,24 (3)2.4,2.4,04 (4)24, 42,04 Consider the situation shown in figure. Both the pulloys and the string are light and all the surfaces aro fricfonless. (a) Find the acceioration of the mass M. (b) Find the tension in the string. (c) Calculate the force exerted-by-the-clamp-on-the: pulley Ain the figure. 2M B = Find the acceleration of the block of mass M in the situation shown in figure. All the surfaces are frictionless and the pulleys and the string are light. 46. Find the acceleration of the blocks A and B in the three situations shown in figure. 2g tka x LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE i) ‘The monkey B shown in figure is holding on to the tail of the monkey A which is climbing up a rope. The masses of the monkeys A and B are § kg and 2 kg respectively. It A can tolerate a tension of 30 N in its tail, what force should it apply on the rope in order to carry the monkey B with it? Take g = 10 mis? The friction coefficient between the board and the floor shown in figure is. Find the maximum force that the man can exert on the rope so that the board does not slip on the floor. my A block of mass m slips on a rough horizontal table Under the action of a horizontal force applied to it. The coefficient of friction between the biock and the table is 41. The table does not move on the floor. Find the total frictional force applied by the floor on. the legs of the table. Do you need the friction coefficient between the table and the floor or the mass of the table?EXERCISE - LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 6. Assertion : No force is required by the body to remain in any stato, In uniform linear motion, acceleration If both the assertion and the reason are true and the unitor ear motion, acceleration eason is a correct explanation of the assertion has a finite value. (2) _ IF both the assertion and reason are true but the reason ) @) 3) « ‘snot correct explanation ofthe assertion Assertion : Mass is a measure of inertia of the (3) Ifthe assertion is true but the reason is false body in linear motion. (#) hath the assertion and reason are false Assortion () Assertion a) Assertion (ty Assertion () Assertion ( RI VISION PVT. LTD. If the net extemal force on the body is zero, then its acceleration is zero. Acceleration does not depend on force, (2) (3) 4 Neviton’s second law of motion gives the measurement of force. According to Newton's second law of motion, force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum. 2) 3) 4 Force is required. to move a body Uniformly along a circle When the motion is — uniform, acceleration is zero. 2) 3) “ It two objects of different masses have same momentum, the lighter body possess greater velocity. For all bodies momentum always remains same. (2) 3) 4 Aeroplanes always fly at low altitudes. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action there is an ‘equal and opposite reaction 2) 3) 4 (ty Assortion (1) ‘Assertion Reason ay Assertion (1) Assertion (1) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION Greater the mass, greater is the force required to change its state of rest or of uniform motion, @ @) 4 The slope of momentum versus time curve give us the acceleration. Acceleration is given by the rate of ‘change of momentum. @) 3) Co) A cyclist always bends inwards while negotiating a curve. By bending, cyclist lowers his centre of gravity 2) 3) 4 The work done in bringing a body down from the top to the base along frictionless. incline plane is. the same as the work done in bringing it down the vertical side. The gravitational force on the body along the inclined plane is the same as that along the vertical side. 2) 3) @ Linear momentum of a body changes ‘even when itis moving uniformly in a circle Force required to move a body uniformly along a straight line is zoro. (2) (3) (4) PAGE: 87RIVISION PVT. LTD. 12. Assertion (ty) Assertion Reason (ty Assertion (ty Assertion Reason ay Assertion (ty Assertion Abulletis fred trom a rita. I the rile recoils freely, the kinetic energy of rifle is more than that of the bullet. In th case of rife bullet systom the law of conservation of momentum Violates. @ @) “ [A rocket works on the principle of conservation of linear momentum Whenever there is a change in momentum of one body, the same change occurs in the momentum of the second body of the same system but in the opposite direction. @) @) “) The apparent weight of a body in an elevator moving with some downward acceleration is less than the actual weight of Body. The part of tho weight is spent in producing downward acceleration, when body isin elevator @) @) ® In the ease of fee fal of the lift the man will fee! weightlessness In free fall, acceleration of lit is equal to acceleration due to gravity @) @) ® A player lowers his hands while catching a cricket ball and suffers less reaction force. The time of catch increases when cricketer lowers its hand while catching a ball @) «) ® ‘The acceleration produced by a force in the motion of a body depends only upon its mass. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. EXERCISE (1) Assortion Reason (1) Assertion Reason (a) Assortion (ty Assertion (1) Assertion Reason 1) Assertion i) Larger is the mass of the body, lesser will be the acceleration produced. (2) 3) @) Linear momentum of a body changes ‘even when itis moving uniformly in a circle. In uniform circular motion velocity remain constant. (2) (3) 4) A reference frame attached to earth is an inertial frame of reference. ‘The reference frame which has zero acceleration is called a nor-inertial frame of reference. (2) (3) @) A table cloth can be pulled from a table without cislodging the dishes. To every action there is an equal and ‘opposite reaction. 2) 3) “ During a turn, the value of centripetal force should be less than the limiting {rictional force, ‘The centripetal force is provided by the frictional force between the tyres and the road 2) (3) 4 When a vehicle takes a turn on the road, it travels along a nearly circular path. In circular motion, velocity of vehicle remains same. @) 3) 4 AAs the frictional force increases, the safe velocity limit for taking a turn on an unbanked road also increases. Banking of roads will increase the value of limiting velocity. @) 3) 4RIVISION PVT. LTD. i) 24. Assertion Reason ay Assortion a) Assortion In circular motion, the centripetal and centrifugal force acting in opposite direction balance each other. Centripetal and centrifugal forces don't act at the same time. (2) (3) 4) If both the speed of a body and radius of its circular path are doubled, then centripetal force also gets doubled Centripetal proportional to both speed of a body force is directly and radius of circular path. 2) 3) 4 When an automobile while going too fast around a curve overtums, its inner wheels leave the ground fist. For a” safe tum the velocity of automobile should be less than the value of sate limit velocity. (2) (3) 4) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. 27. Assertion (ty 29. Assertion 1 ih CU EXERCISE A sate turn by a cyclist should notther be fast nor sharp, ‘The bending angle trom the vertical would decrease with increase in Volocity (2) @) Co) Improper banking of roads causes wear and tear of tyres. The necessary centripetal force is provided by the force of tricton between the tyres and the road. @) @) « ‘coin is placed on phonogram turn table, The motor is started, coin moves along the moving table. The rotating table is providing necessary centripetal force to the coin. (3) @cA RI VISION PVT. LTD. ANSWER - KEY EXERCISE -1 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 9 | 10 | 11 a3 | aa | 15 (4) | (a) | (2) (2,4) (3,4) | (1,2) 24 | 25 | 26 23 | 29 | 30 (2) | @) | @) (3) (2) (4) 39 | 40 | 41 43 | 4a | 45 @) | @) | 3) a) (4) (2) 54 | 55 | 56 sa | 59 | 60 @) | @) | 2) (3) (2) (a) 69 | 70 | 71 wm | 7 | 75 (4) | @) | (2) (3) (3) (a) sa | 35 | 6 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 2) | @) | 3) | | @) (a) (3) 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 @M | @ | im | m@) (4) (a) a4 | aas | 116 | 117 | 118 | a19 | 120 @ | @) | |B | (a) (a az9 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 3) | @ | 3) | 4) @) (2) qa) aaa | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 @)/ a2) a] mM) @ (3) (4) Sol. (3) Sol. (3) Sol. (4) Sol. (2) Sol. (2) Horizontal velocity of apple will remain same but due to retardation of train, velocity of train and hence velocity of boy wrt. ground decreases, so apple falls away from the hand of boy in the direction of motion of the train. Sol. (3) Newton's first law of motion defines the inertia of body, It statos that every body has a tendency to remain in its state (either rest or motion) due to its inert Sol. (4) Horizontal velocity of ball and person are same so both will cover equal horizontal distance in a given inlerval of time and after following the parabolic path the ball fais exactly in the hand which threw it up. Sol. (3) When the bird flies, it pushes air down to balance its woight. So the weight of the bird and closed cage assembly remains unchanged Sol. (4) Particle will move with uniform velocity due to inertia Sol. (1) Sol. (2) When a sudden jerk is given to ©, an impulsive tension exceeding the breaking tension develops in © first, which breaks before this impulse can reach ‘Aas a wave through block LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION.RIVISION PVT. LTD. 12. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. Sol. (1) When the spring C is stretched slowly, the tension in Ais greater than that of C, because of the weight mg and the former reaches breaking point earlier. Sol. (2, 4) 14, Sol. (3, 4) Sol. (1,2) Sol. (2) 4 =100m/s,¥=0,8 =0.06m Retardation 0=4420 3 a=-2m/s? Retarding force=ma=22=4N This force opposes the motion. Ifthe same-amount of force is applied in forward citection, then, the body will move with constant velocity. Sol. (2) 2)-(19) 7 7 Sol. (2) u = velocity of bullet a —ayass brown per second bythe mactine gun = Mass of bullet x Number of bullet fired per second =10 g x 10 bullet /s2¢ =100 g /sec =0.1 hy /sec udm di Thrust 100% 0.1=50.N Sol. (4) Force = m( 2) 2253400 “i or =2520=500.N Sol. (4) = velocity of bullet a. Mass fired per second by the gun ar ANSWER - KEY Maximum force that man can exert F = Fowemg*N 144 ‘my xt 4010 «1200 Sol. (4) The stopping distance, Sxcu? (1 (“J (2) la) eo S 8)= 45, =4.20=80m ‘Sol, (2) (ae) Sol. (3) Be La speyzrm io. Ft adi Sol. (1) Velocity by which the ball hits the bat vy = [2g = V2%10%5 oF 4; = +10mls = 10s velocity of rebound ve 2 Pah —V2x10%20 + 20m oF v2 by solving dr =0,12se Sol. (4) V 10cm" Rall of flow of water “= = 10x10 10° Density of water p -——# Cross-sectional area of pipe A =1(0.5«10°)? mV WY (YY 8 aot AT) A ( v) a) Force By substituting the value in the above formula we et waa Sol. (3) teay( Mt cy CaRIVISION PVT. LTD. 29. 43. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. Sol. (2) F=m(g-+a)=20%10° «(10+4) = 2810" N Sol. (4) F_ rhmv—(-mv)} _ 2m A A A Pp. 2107 «108 «10° 10 Sol. (3) ‘Swimming is a result of pushing water in the ‘opposite direction of the motion. Sol. (2) Because for every action there is an equal and ‘opposite reaction takes place. Sol. (2) Sol. (3) Sol. (3) Total weight in right hand = 10 +4 = 1 kg Sol. (1) For jumping he prosses the spring platform, so the reading of spring balance increases first and finally it becomes zoro. Sol. (3) Gas will come out with sulficient speed in forward direction, so reaction of this forward force will ‘change the reading of the spring balance. Sol. (2) Since the cage is closed and we can teat bird, ‘cage and the air as a closed (isolated) system. In this condition the force applied by the bird on cage is an intemal force, due to this the reading of spring balance will not change. Sol. (2) ‘As the spring balance are massless therefore both the scales read M kg each. Sol. (4) 2107 N/m™ F =mny=150% 10 * « 205<800= 2400 N. Sol. (3) 5N force will not produce any tension in spring without support of other SN force. So here the tension in the spring will be 5N only. Sol. (4) Since action and reaction acts in opposite direction ‘on same line, hence angle between them is 180°. Sol. (1) ANSWER - KEY i) Sol. (4) ‘As by an intemal foroe momentum of the system can not be changed. Sol. (2) Sol. (3) pave Accoleration of tho system = —P ‘The force exerted by rope on the mass - as ; Sol. (2) Sol. (2) Tension between m, and m, is givon by ap 2s Te | ig ty he 36 gy ass (my tg) T= 48)» Sol. (3) (m=) (mn, +m) Acceleratio! 1 reer Sol. (4) = tm +m,)x—_5_ Sol. (1) Sol. (1) Acceleration = Mg <98= 2+ and P= ma=2<3.27 =654NRIVISION PVT. LTD. 56. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. Sol. (2) Sol. (3) Sol. (3) I monkey move downward with acceleration a then its apparent weight decreases. In that condition Tension in string = ms -a) This should not be exceed over breaking strength of the rope i.e. 360 2 mig —a) => 360 = 604102) = aed Sol. (2) 2 mis? During collision of ball with the wall horizontal momentum changes (vertical constant) momentum remains Change inhorizontalmomentum Timeof contact, Sol. (3) Sol. (4) Using law of conservation of momentum, we get 100% =0.25+100 =v =0.25mis ANSWER - KEY Sol. (3) F=600-2x10r=0 = 1-310 S00 Impulse r= frar= ("00-210 re Jy =1e001 108 Sol. (4) Let tho recoil speed of gun is v. Taking gun + bullet as the system, Net external force on the system in horizontal direction is zero. Initially the system was Therefore, applying the principle of conversation of linear momentum in horizontal =09N xs al rest. direction, we get singe yen eoy Components ofc hte rise groans tone my £0860" Mt or +m) ‘Sol. (1) (60)(3)=2o)v, vy =9mis Sol. (2) B-B, (20)(204) +30 (204) + 40(20%) =(20)(0) +30 (101+ 20k) + 40% Solving this equation we get, Qsisisiesk) mis Sol. (3) ‘At | soconds particle is at point P as shown in figure.RIVISION PVT. LTD. or Let velocity of second part is#. Then applying momentum conservation, just before and just after explosion we have 2mboi +10. ¥=(s0i+203) Its vertical component of velocity is still 20 mis. S total height. heh, + oe Sol. (4) Let v is horizontal velocity of platform in opposite direction. Then form momentum conservation in opposite direction we have, (6040) = ()(000s48*} Oca 45°mi¢ 7 ents Displacement of platform = vt (0) Qu sin 43°) 8 210% (2) 10 Sol. (1) F=constant L10j) mers = 10 mis (downwards) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ANSWER - KEY Sol. (2) Impulse = =@i)N-s Sol. (3) +1)m=2n pa = V210%2 = 6.32 mis Impulse = Ap =mly; —v;) = (110-632) = 6.32 N-s Sol. (3) B= By 600)lt)=(25)oj)+ 475% (s Sol. (3) Bt ¥ iS thé Veidcty oF (+ m) ater colision. Then from conservation of iner momentum we have, mv=(M +m ‘Component paralle! to plan remains unchanged. 08 ogy ams Just before: Just after collision collisionRIVISION PVT. LTD. LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. |as|=(4-+06) in vortical direction) 25s Impulse =| 4p = 6.25N-s Sol. (3) Sol, (2) FaY(FP FY +28 Feo > 621207 Sol. (1) Net force on the particle is zero so the + remains unchanged Sol. (1) For equilibrium of forces, the resultant of two (smaller) forces should. be equal and. opposite. of third one. Sol. (1) 81. Sol. (2) Sol. (3) 83. Sol. (1) Sol. (2) Two identical smooth cylinders each of mass 10 kg ate placed on two racks so that each rack supports half the weight of a cylinder: (0°85 TO O88) Sol. (4) 86. Sol. (3) Sol. (1) 88. Sol. (4) Sol. (1) 90. Sol. (3) Sol. (3) Coefficient of friction = Tangent of angle of repose watme Sol. (1) Sol. (1) Maximum force of friction = 4,R=03%250=75N Sol. (1) Applied force = 2.5 N and limiting friction = umg = 0.4 x2 98-7.84N ‘As applied force is less than limiting friction. So, for the given condition static friction will work. ‘Static friction on a body = Applied force = 2.5 N. ANSWER - KEY Sol. (3) Two frictional force will work on block B. P= Faw + Fogg = Mantas * Hingis +g) = 0.2 x 100 10 + 0.3 (900) x 10 100 + 900 = 1 100N. (This is the required minimum force) Sol. (1) Coefficient of static friction sus Sol. (1) Frictional force f =u Ay Fees60= sll + F sin 60) We +7 sin60) For pulling of block P= / = mgsind > a2 mgsind = pking —mgcos6) = sin0> u(l—cosd ae 20) = 2rsinZeos? = ul 2sin? penser Sol. (1) B will begin to slide on A if Pseudo force is more than limiting fiction oho) weit AF > LI64NRIVISION PVT. LTD. 100. Sol. (1) Limiting fiction between the block 8 and the surface Fy = ys -0sbu-At)e =0524810 = SOW but the applied force is 25 N so the lower block will not move Le. there is no pseudo force on upper block A. Hence there will be no force of friction between A and B. - Sol. (1) f ) -{_2 ‘ (02541 Fom te expression (A) wel (As u=0.25) 7028) 4 1255 2. Sol. (1) For equilorium = 20% of the length of the chain, Weight (W) = Force of friction (F) W = pR=02«10=2N . Sol. (3) For vertical equilibrium 7; sia45°=W" 7, For horizontal equilibrium for critical condition Te = F w= 450 N In the given condition the required centripetal force is provided by frictional force betwoon the road and LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. ANSWER - KEY Sol. (1) v=\uar> . Sol. (2) ao) 2uy 20.210 yee 2uegm? gan . Sol. (2) Sol. (1) [As 0=45°] |. Sol. (3) a= g(sind — 100s) = 10{sin 60° -0.25e08 60°) 1A nis? Here:the-given-angle-is:called the angle of repose L 3 So, = tan30” Sol. (4) For upper the equation of motion w+ 2as halt by 0? + 2¢g sina /2 = #/sin@ [As u=0,5=1/2,a = gsind For lower half 0=u> +2¢(sin0—poos)l /2 [As =1/2,a= g (sin ~ weos0) Jsin® + gi{sin®—2cos) [AS final velocity of Upper half will be equal to the initial velocity of lower halt] = 2sin = pos w= tanRIVISION PVT. LTD. i) LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION. . Sol. (2) Applied force 100-05 1010 _ 10 inetic fiction 5 mise . Sol. (3) From veu—at=0=u—ai for upward motion on an ‘gGind = 00s) inclined plane a= gisind + 420080) *. Substituting the value of @=30".1=0Ssecand u=Sm/s, we get #=06 Sol. (3) W= pgeos 1S =05 19.8% Sol. (3) Maximum friction ie. limiting friction between A and BF =12N It F is the maximum value of force applied on lower body such that both body move together It means Pseudo force on upper body is just equal to Limiting friction ronda) ( Sol. (1) =n ). Sol. (4) Limiting fiction = F; = 4,R > 64-06 64 gam = 61, 9 06g Appliedforee Kinetie friction Acceleration = Applisitorce — Kinetic friction Work done against gravity = mgh = 2x10%10 = 200) ANSWER - KEY Work done against friction = Total work done — Work done against gravity = 300 - 200 = 100J. |. Sol. (4) Reading on the spring balance =m (g a) andsince a= g Force = 0 . Sol. (1) Fersasonay it = A and when the lift is moving up with constant { 2h gta acceleration 1, 4h 3. Sol. (4) As the apparent weight increase therefore we can say that acceleration of the lift is in upward direction R=mlg+a)—>489=4g +a) a= 0.2g = 1.96mi 3° |. Sol. (4) T= mm g-4a)2 6600 10-+5)=90000 Sol. (2) me mg—a) Sol. (1) Tame ronts| a4 Sol. (2) Let the mass of a block is m. It will remains stationary it forces acting on it are in equilibrium i.e, macosa =mesina => a= gtana Here ma = Pseudo force on block, mg = Weight, PAGE: 97