Introduction + This PowerPoint file contains 35 of the more important graphs shown on The Equality Trust website at www.equalitytrust.org.uk + The graphs are also published in the book by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone (Penguin, 2010). + We hope you will use them in talis, lectures or discussion groups to help increase people's understanding of the effects of inequality. + These slides are provided on condition that you acknowledge their source. + We strongly recommend that you use them in conjunction with the book, which explains the relationships shown in the graphs. 0 The Spirit Level Why Equality is Better for Everyone Fichiard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett “A big ide, tig rough to change pstica thinking! Sacha! “A smeeping theory ot eventing! Gorse ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) HE EQUALITY TRUSTDonations The Equality Trust is working hard to build a better society, by gaining a wider public understanding of the damaging effects of large inequalities of income and wealth. Together we can build support for policies to reduce them. As these slides represent many years of work and thought, we would be very grateful for donations to help The Equality Trust continue its work. As an independent, not-for-profit organisation, our work depends on generous donations from individuals and trusts which share our vision. You can donate in two ways + Use PayPal to donate online at www.equaltytrust.org.uk + Send a cheque payable to The Equality Trust, 32-36 Loman Street, London SEI OEH, UK ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTLife expectancy (years) Income per head and life expectancy: rich and poor countries 0 5000 10000 13000 20000 25000 30000 35000 49000 45000 National income per person ($) Source: Wilkinson & Picket, The Sint Lev! (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTLife expectancy ~ men and wornen Health is related to income differences within rich societies but not to those between them Between (rich) societies © jan 2 © Swicerand © Ausra espa @Sugen ode FS Sota =. @ New Zealand Norway @ e8errers UK wana Grea letherian “ Germany @ evens @ sang Begum Ieand @ 7 . ous © pecup Derm % e000 25000 3eeo0 35000 seco 45000 National income per person ($) ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTLife expectancy (years) Health is related to income differences within rich societies but not to those between them Within societies 0 * ma 7 % 75 4 2 | | ‘ i 70 Lease deprived Most deprived Electoral wards in England and Wales ranked by deprivation score ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHow much richer are the richest 20% than the poorest 20%? Japan Finland Norway Sweden Denmark Belglum ‘Austria Germany Netherlands Spain France Canada Switzerland Ireland Greece Italy Israel New Zealand Australia UK Portugal Usa, Singapore Source: Wilkinson & Picket, The pint Level (2009) /United Nations Development Program ‘= THE EQUALITY TRUSTChildren , PENT Children Beuacer ae e Ue Nita) = | pi ! mA DROPOUT = aah n=Health and social problems are worse in more unequal countries Wore @ Usa Portugal @ @ New Zealand © Australia Canada @ jay Index of health and social problems fe © Swizeriand Netherlands low Income inequality Index includes: + Life expectancy + Maths & Ineracy + Infant mortaliy + Homicides + Imprisonment + Teenage births + Trust + Obesity + Merl iliness (ine. drug and alcohol addiction) * Social mobily High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHealth and social problems are not related to average income in rich countries Worse Index includes: sic + Life expectancy + Maths & Ineracy + Infant mortaliy + Homicides + Imprisonment + Teenage births + Trust + Obesity + Merl iliness uke (ine. drug and alcohol addiction) * Social mobily © Poctugal Greece e @ New Zealand © Irelane France ghustalia Germany" Index of health and social problems Say Baigum © Denmark Spain” Pekgum @ ° efiland 9 sins natn — @ Sweden Better 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 National income per person ($) ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHealth and social problems are worse in more unequal US states Worse Ms @ Ny ° Index of health and social problems Betr High few Income inequality ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHealth and social problems are only weakly related to average income in US states e Wore MS e sc cA 4 ° : me wes 8 s g . env 3 ™ S| wale " 8 le AL 8 Moe en © SS LL wo % ie e = a AK@ — @DE = a fon 3 Paw, eva é Ne . a mo 2 we ad ° We @, Wh WA UTe ie e spe mee Ma ure ae Mi @ND MN pester ll of 13000 200 2sa00 30000 Income per person ($) ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTChild wellbeing is better in more equal rich countries eter © sweden 2 Netherlands @ =o! Foland @ ~ Swiverland @ Spain @ , . 3 Belg @consda—hay@ 3 Germany @—~ and 2 A TES ie 3 sia @ Cenece Portal @ _ 1 © Austrah 5 itipan SoMa § oS 5 eusa © Israel ™ © New Zealand Worse ouK Low High Income inequality ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTChild wellbeing is unrelated to average incomes in rich countries Bexar esweden © Netherands © Foland © Swizerland © Norway spain Denmark @ 3B hat um? = @ Canada i cette te © Greece i Ireland @ 3 © Porrugal where = France @ 3 © Auseaia s Japan @ © Austral 3g Zz © USA © acl @ New Zealand Worse 7“ 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 ‘National income per person ($) THE EQUALITY TRUST ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009)Most people can be trusted (% agreeing) Levels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries % Sweden ee © Denmark Norway © ° © Foians Netheands - New Zeahnd @ Opa Switzerand 0 canada Senay e ustna @ Spain eine . nd 8, eee Greece — ene 2 ° low Income inequality <001 @ Ausra use ‘e. OK. Sneppore © Poms High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTMost people can be trusted (% agreeing) Levels of trust are higher in more equal US states 7 6 50 0 2» 2» nye ea ems low lncome inequalty High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) HE EQUALITY TRUSTPercent with any mental ilness The prevalence of mental illness is higher in more unequal rich countries 2s Auman @ @UK New Zend @ 20 © Canada of France 15 Netherlands @ Belpum @ 10 gett ‘Spain we Gemary @ @ whee, ‘ye 5 hove Income inequality usa @ High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTDrug use is more common in more unequal countries High Index includes use of + Opiates + Coaine + Camabis New Zealand @ mina, | 2 Ebay + Amphetamines Canada ° g eSpin he 3 > 3 Switzertind @ $ Dengurk tsi" ew irdand eu 4 aerands ¢ Nowe Geman @ France Porta Finland Greece @ Sweden s © japan Low a0 low Income inequality High “Source: Wikinson & Pkt, The pnt eve (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTLife expectancy in years Life expectancy is longer in more equal rich countries e © Jaren ® © Sweden israel Spang Cenaca Nonvay _ e® Swizerand © Assan © Belgium @ ——— France Aura @ : : Germany @@ e 8 Sinn Netherlands Gree Singapore @ © Istana @ usa Denmark ePornigl 76 low Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTInfant deaths per 1000 live births Infant mortality rates are higher in more unequal countries 7 eur an . fe ireland @ New Zealand —@ Porn 8K —_ Denmark @cinaca a Gees ee 5 Pgh om. Auswia @ Swizerland © @ Australia _—® Natherands ery Gemma © France =. © Spain 4 5 © Norway © Fintand Jagan Be svedon , Singapore @ 2 bet Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTPercent obese More adults are obese in more unequal rich countries 30 2087 Geetce pyahe = <001 @ UK ae 20 ae e German) ~ Friend eer se Rly Pry tise, 2 New Zealand 7 * ~~ @ France coum @ Geass Norway tai, e—Nesherands @ tay 10 Sweden " Switaarand ° Japan ° ° Low High Income inequality ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTEducational scores are higher in more equal rich countries High ° Finland e Japan __ Belgium, = Sweden Denmark ° Norway Average of maths and reading scores, Lew =-045 Canada © Australia ° Netherlands New Zealand @ © Swrszerand Ireland ~__ @France® cia Gera) Ausra SY une © Spain oF Porty — Greece ” leraet e Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTMore children drop out of high school in more unequal US states x0 001 5 3 3 5 Ny 3 . » 2% & 8 é 5 0 low lncome inequalty High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTTeenage birth rates are higher in more unequal rich countries so =07 pvalie = <001 2 40 bx oul New sland > i $ a Portugal g Canada 2 4 20 _ 7 Trsand®@ ~~ Asrala @ a Austra ae $ Nene “ome Greece a eum ° 10 Falind @ Demmnge Feng ain Nethedands @ @syiterang SY ° High bet Income inequality it ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTBirths and abortions per 1000 women aged 15-19 years Teen pregnancy rates are higher in more unequal US states 70 @ oe so ow i Se eu bs @ 40 ure awh a) zZ Ne 20 enn ° SND OME oi ° NHe * 2» Low Heh Income inequality ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHomicide rates are higher in more unequal rich countries ° UA © er 4 c e £ Poca 4 . - 8 Fi tea 5 ° = @ France ~ 20 ‘ Say ; Sweden Canada_@ ‘Australia © ere Belgium ee Netherlands @Greece — UK me Sona Bee ONew Zend 2 nen SOY Seow lage Noeay ae ° High fou Income inequality = ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTHomicide rates are higher in more unequal US states 90 70 50 Homicides per 30 Low =02 pralue = <001 ° Nm zt A . ¢ e% Ge “2 Nc ®@ N - Hg Ee ; vA 81x @ CA SS er —@PA Ky Ne co wv oH gl ° fen oR em Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTChildren experience more conflict in more unequal societies High ouK oot 5 © France israel ae UsA@ g ee Greeceg racle e Begum anata Stay 8 San Poreugal @ s @ Freand 2 © Derrnark 5 Norway 2 et @ Nethertands ¥ — e - “swtzerind Germany @ Sage Low Filand @ low Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTPrisoners per 100,000 (log scale) Rates of imprisonment are higher in more unequal countries io . a us . Smee 1 Newzand 9 Canscage —@ UK @ Foul Austria iD acy Australia @ ae ae win @ Friary 9 Sagan © Netherton land = Norway a cree ‘ ‘0 few: Income inequality He ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTPrisoners per 100,000 Rates of imprisonment are higher in more unequal US states 900 Income inequality High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTSocial mobility is lower in more unequal countries High 3S Sweden fnbed @ Denmark Canad @ ° Norway ce Gecrany z ~ & 3 8 ou “esusa, Low lncome inequalty High ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTOverdeveloped countries? High life expectancy can be achieved with low CO, emissions © en e Canada gt Ok 7 9 bom ® * e e e * Feu © Kuwaie ee ° 8 t oe vs © Saud Arabia a) g eee So aie ° ° 2 aoe * Oe rusia ; & . tog . e 8 ° 5 so fe” © souhte © Boswane ove 0 5 1b 5 Pa (C02 emissions (metric tons per capita) SS THE EQUALITY TRUST ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009)More equal countries rank better (| is best) on recycling Sweden ee Japan 4 a 8 = ie 2 é 8 10 Low Source: Wilkinson & Poker, The pint Level (2009) 001 © @Swizertand Germany Fare ow, ° aly © Pores © Span © usa eu Income inequality High SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTTrends in UK income inequality 1979 — 2005/06 2 14 Bo é £1 ‘Thatcher Major Blair o8 3. © uP ah Oo 5 SP gr? gah aha gh sr sraraheg® APPEL P EPPO IPO LILI GLE PLE EE OS Sg ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTTrends in US income inequality 1975 — 2005 Rising gap between rich and poor, relative to 1975 Ford Carter Reagan Bush PEELE PEELE PO PBEPE PE OREDE Giinton Bush LP Kes ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTThe rich developed societies have reached a turning point in human history. Politics should now be about the quality of social relations and how we can develop harmonious and sustainable societies. ‘Source: wilkinson & Poker, The spnt Level (2009) SS THE EQUALITY TRUSTm= | HE EQUALITY TRUST www.equalitytrust.org.ukSources of data for the index of health and social problems ‘Component Trt Lteexpecancy Obesty Merten Edeaton Teenage beth ate Homies mpesonmene Soc nabiey International data fercancpecple he rependposthe oh samen rst i9993001 Worl Value Suny Reverse codec Le expecancy ar beth for men. and women 2a Unite Nations Human Development Report Revere coded Dene inthe yar of Me pr 1000 ne et 200 ‘War Bane Percentage ofthe population wth MI >20. erage for men ane 2002 inrnasonal Obey TstForce Prevalence of men ness joni 200) wHo Combined average of mats tarcy and eng ray scores af IS >on Bl per 1000 worn age 15-19 years 1998 UNicer Hore ee per 100,000, Pere average or 1990 2000 nes Nore Logf prone er 100,000, nied Nato Comision between fer and ons name 30 ar poied ca orn coher stabs Lewidon School of Economies US state data Percent people who rssend postive tothe statment most people cmbeumed™ 1599 General Socal Survey Reverse coded Le expecancy abe formen and women 200 US Cem Buren Popution Divan Revers ceded 002 Us Netenal Centefor Heath Sasnes Percentage ofthe popuson wh Bit >30, average or men and woe, 19982000 mates rom Pref Ext Harvard Urea, based on NHANES and BRAS srveys ‘Average suber a das pat month when mertalheabh vas et good 1990 200" BSS Combined erage of mae and reading score for 8 graders Brea Us Deparonent of Eaton, Nitionl Canter for Esueton Stee Bish per 1000 women aged 15-19 years 200 US Natal il Sts Home ate per 100,000, 1999 Fal Prgonersger 100000, 1599 8, U8 Deparent ffusice NAThe price of inequality nen orm