Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy -d by Fathi Habashi Volume IV: Ferroalloy Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Authors Name Index Subject Index ® WILEY-VCH‘REP inde cat hate rt oe Le SSS. Shyam a SEES RS Ce Beene Preface arte tog ith ach eft gy eter ‘ne spin ce Meas we eis apd by pet les icp sca ‘ie Fete ale rn amy eosin ‘Re ymem wed bar sng an ‘en alain wh ees aay Siemans wdbespomic teat (Sit oft el nd oy ‘et The solr mee se med ‘nb me con. eh eis lc ‘saa ret ret ora Sc oa ee Anh te sly ty vice tay aslo he ‘Ss pst ono ‘Thm bund exes {eget ie coementy. Te en ‘tice obs noni oe! xe nrc bpd ed caret ‘Sagat ein rt ae ‘Seay need ies fo et ‘esd ao pat ean Sop sda te gute eg cl nent thet ane Rory Chem Enger ‘cae ty a pa J at ania hie toped at he “helena dent tesa Se yey Cm Seneca ey ea Smenpeieae ‘suena aca hele ey ca {Ag aie atin, nah, oem cet a ifwmnssssc Sen sdmmnnener ocr Subforum woe tan SS aes Set er oi tee te Sok Suc anette Soe Ac any Se Sour thie emma Powe ae ey Sos See os et foscemoiaen aie Se Fee rasan Sic iat pa reccbabreehen fac Sean se ame a Scritingrsmais es te el ‘apres Sie pe oe ae Some oot cieente pacer fSavie intense Joe N ada ae“ tnt Saree Jes Fecls Moria at Laval Unive for eee hice We ‘price nord peanng Ko cio te etl geo smst Table of Contents ‘Reps wot sare fou cr dae a rane ol cece we he pang en oe reese eg. Seti actor ante Fame Port Rebatry Meals ee eee a a \ Seven 25 Tungses. a9, Ser trecss Part One ‘The Metal ndasty 2 awe 8 SS cneusinecra to a ee, ae s 3 Rejineeneas a 3 Bem. gt 4 By Product Mee .23 32 Vanadie | aan Pa Too Ferowsetale 3 okt 6 Sa ‘ip Part Eight Seattered Metals $F cess a bh Bele at ee twee 2 a hi Parine Radioactive Metals 3 1 ine Part Fou Secondary Metals Meee amc »s 1 Soo Pa Ton Rare ath Mette 16 Code, Pa 15 Coon, 19083 (5 Neme B tesa 2 rolme 17 Pattre Uih ele ate Mes ee ee fhe io a as ssc ‘st eal Part Alkali Metals Parse ais Mets Tee to rome vw Biota 3 Racpaséney 5 kaican za Rea ry 3 Cay Bua nef trait 55: Alkali Suir Part Eleven ea Port laine Farh Met Ferroalloy Metals Thien Seiten ng Atos a . A Name de. le e[Jol> Sujet Index......2098 Pisa 1s] a| za] c4| ce] aes | eke a a) 1] Dy [i] erm] Yo] Ln [cal sx cr] Tm) aaa vo] tr46 Chromium ASST na SALE We ta our TST al i hess Sr iri SS esichean a ie a com iy eee we a a ee ES = sp See 8 ap ee 46.1 History 0-5) ‘Clr was diced by Var, {9 he niaed cream metal by ein Tien wih ent Soom ae he re 9 of nin, mmc os ot uteri cranes by Omtag oe GI Geo ei ‘teint Patan ‘ei Gatti ge ieee so, emi ieee = wees ssi Reon = ‘Sales ove» mec ess sat whe at ‘oe Ge pln of soe he‘ped ind mt yp ot 86, ‘wii ings ips wes di Tey ‘Se tt ine sb bbs ied ‘uniy beara tia hnmieey Boanog ewer urgeeale omer podion sc cava 8 tn wi 462 Properties 68) pam og nin iin {bear clewopinel pote cine 1 nv i meu mel no, ch ahi od ai sl bt tial oar reagan ih po ‘te oa Aerated npr Man nse 463 Resources and Raw Materials Comin 20-Cx0, In ange lisa deel he eel Po MgC Fey Came re tinh 3 C0 erie sneha Osean co fe reat hr Compe anneal Repti o Sh ihe Gt pe ae) ‘cecum Foes sires ‘i ype commer peat nb ovr 100d Depot sow tt Ua Su ‘anal Zine ade Piip btn re 18 & gi ee qgocesas he 98D pine sad rears of chemi me town fo ale 1” Grol, ‘er ompy Cr wing err ae en pe Seria tnt neta el ‘ene 464 Ores (239) reiselony ike gman ‘tiation To mea oe ‘Rieter cmt ta 10 pc ‘Sem Ba) Table 2 mie ne ‘ncuron sr sos ‘The mos inprot psions of o- am rer ee anc of sas Chromium ae cons wo ‘Stonicinycin Teoma fr ‘af sme micro sia ‘itt loge gis ema ALF, ‘he oper f C0 be cian sve ares wie ene Crea Ges taown sre Gre my vey ‘et iv hve «oh a oe ‘elton edt nee rats et @eosengy cram Cro, DIM Fojucctronienia miss hast be women leon fg, Be Figwe sete orogens ere ‘raring comptinof test Nae ‘aro aly ta 3-39 Feottio-tachige te tees ipsicapoperies af chromium sels te where cron replaces AP Fe ad tS Geen at dss ‘Sorted hoi fom he wena Ing ame of el eps ep eo mincoy a va SURE ates, Sa, aa HR =" el eae eae ies ie macaeey in ty ‘ae pc pti ni i “camo eo cn iia * torpetis pt Ne epee ‘Sebald Get yi Seer Deposits which ‘thy ae ald nt Biren ep Man peat we Swe, enn = nonin pes hadnt “sc” poses sted oem Sab t {och a ve Spat an ee “Fase” dpe, echmen dae hating nd pin ono te prin {cp we og ca pr “he seit depose el pe or sect of tome cat Wc Son mapig fen comme asta ‘ih del sc of Sek eee (Sepeh mate The an eum ey ‘Bee fr empla 1-190 mk ‘peas dean a ot Sh wt ay Sp Sa ca sceetripmcyy ate Sac Taree Seclicetateigatentts Pictfomerdiiscemtes me he mt fs a ee ‘ie cn of seman atic {ha Sey ee sats se mae Sheieomrinediccmer deg ‘iden cme he itd ee of he erst nds Ys wd The coset crente ‘Soe oer omtaing 85 rl of ‘Sot twol cost yaa sgoepan OS ‘Tin cnwerins ae a lvoe, Ritelowsse sty wedi ane scenes Soe ae rae {od poate mass (eo) we Sa lester ted mts ‘epoch lind te. ‘Come teariton i te couse of germ ans seta eae ‘Ste pmlc a Herma ea ‘lost edn he tng claro anreit agin nccee file ml ioeg be ce pe ‘le a sn Sone liso cet Farmer Sot Vio. 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Mile crest wi Botte git einem am moter ha ‘Saale #80, The so pein on Sopa felt) enna ‘ek bn in pon St tl Mn fretting (Fe S093), which und ‘Reo cost cave “hecho fue edb eip- ‘ns chrome sum Tr fe ‘Ci on ble at ete ine 50% Aer stone mah i SS a he cee athe cea tacoma Oh, Ziaeeene SLne Meee Se 2 Sect Sat infigefo3 [1A rengn nna Lememneeunee a seeonmaeed ee Saye creas Bota See remit mere eenconaa Shccanoneedey Seeecee cece Seabee: aco ies nits Sea eciee Za ge nse pain dei ni a 9 ied fo ee aa sine tan 08 ‘homism fom teat ane 26) ‘he mcm ctl oles hoi ‘ety etcagee() ate Gateiar guia of gunn deca ale ad oe cringe cfporiced Mie ssor fly cand cr anomie ot toad wis yt viene The acu ne frm CO The ei ‘oct kr ethove on coma pot Set 90 he cm lenges160 at he pre iF Tt ti Ai of he wun sod poser Instownin Tet ‘ying chim Thee sacle ie ee Ine, zone men 4) sing ‘Src fx ning ae ‘Srv 19 Chomiun pepsty ae ‘acho pe tt ue pea, ce ed oy dan pie 466 Uses Chev enn ney’ ate, cep a! inact sg ot eso ‘Ben stiles ro ema oe ‘Smumpne Ths sve 4 mie ge esi popes ene go ‘Satan feds n 30 Gy wich eves reali, tongs hey an ‘onan we ensue Caste tied inate aly ining ‘anton sce roc, eb sa mia nd erg Ia, NE ‘ince IA Tym Cocoa se 30-40 aah aser rms hem ein ety sins Toe les oun oe Soot moteur ememe fr fet na Ole Seo Sa ‘ing mae wee oes says ad “homie i te ean inst ‘Sepnten Che abe ed ck {nt slp vestace, volume sy, aod feo 467 Economic Aspects IPSec ote atte ar ‘ori pun wes ows) Se he Oe oe oT 468. Alloys {nd cob eae mot of he ‘Sev atgh penta “Ty ny crm a oy a ‘aveban telped and ed camara {ins for come alge deel Seon C0 Te ‘ie Celt) oe seam pens ‘Srbn nd gen ene Te ey, Sclaremeecn Tren igtgenene oped snp a Seca mse! see he fed + ste pn oe eis elec pra bed aay epost eagle een oan te ‘Set cbend mpi St ‘arn mein yoni fein n teeta ec Taam SSEERSSE A arn 00, “Thos pai ere be vey gnod oquntsiy fcr ee SSEPSREINS eat alee Siey anand haces Speci amen ects} te oy miners homin gn alld peed apy ee ZR SRE ore Beteweg ay shyness Tneacbminas dn ‘ace con poe wn LS SUSIE ay Ge ato cl fi gl ere ante tert aa See Tested cco ee Bi.) saan ces wg a So ones Tahoe oe Spee SE te EeIececeiesti as Wisialperaerbows saat ees Casa arenasPied Groat = sist Anat poste ie sila ps pti ie re ‘oar a0 Sacre compe ‘Bhi ammo oy Seu pit (Gat ceo mel ta foc lime tou es 23) no marae or “The pchrmen coving nec eo ot cli ta al at + igs sal as bed mn fa, a on” dunnbsmis or destoyie c- 46.9 Compounds Chana cre cri) marion cof se tt ml ed ‘emacs to prodoce. watered ld yl, med goon cea “enetar nance dried ‘nei which ere od monger his, {br eing lpper oy el he nt ‘ee est bd exp. ten ‘Groin toc fol hr ye eteescan eemeraa ‘then te ing cot ye ny ene Inge guns forte onan of heme Ire With he ae of te 208 ‘Sty, ene tga we aed iS ny ae pl ces hte a afr 1, won me ‘he Sie te potas ee ed feel eectopaing er be ad Eaten pe ‘Cn ceponse el a uae cus In wsiton api. ‘toed comes ve ioe wel ‘sun ot poate {tcten Porson ne comin ons ‘compen of pete pes ore semedtnence aa ‘crepe et 469. Sodium Dichromate soln deem Nu, fs Sig min rie ren og (la ot fan er ‘cig mien ate ach {Seb cnr of mar ome. ‘ir sum dons tye of fottgatenORT eae ee 469.1 Alkaline Roasting Sed ah end ae) i gel cla he a sngonet soli (Soude my an be employed 0-4 The ‘dpe of natnnen of Sms ‘Big vn epi oe sme {le ty ang taco our ‘Bute Gat cggencen deo at ‘essay memset wh mae ‘oberon neta a has tie "COremti acer nt ne ‘Stirdaamte Telnet waster ee ‘eit atte anda ome, ‘thot recon npr eee ‘ie snus they et nthe subiacy ements Soares fe ge vey tao ede Setogemencr acer ————— Ea iets eeree Se Reunente Sacer ee Sron ones eee ee cern ues wt acy a me Eyes sistent txt gicaeepa ato SaaS ie nemeaeewoe BeseReo ee Sect uemee Seas Eset Pea SS sacreoneamtt woleuiescarss ee eaee cise Egatnocerreese peekeen res eeectees ore ‘Mosofti i te of xray ln Sottero and win te mae Say econceeetoe oe Seen Soviets iuontomernc Saeareiss Esco SeSae asda "ae ot fam he ry soni wp te 30h of wasn sus ct Th yl 15-50% bid n come el The tate, dgening ne ‘Spun a the mtr Te te aE ay ces en os Peotone cieion sys teathere sigtegee of ape ‘Bice ee tue fo ut on Tey ‘Semis snot of two congener) ‘Sop ann sen, pose. {fey mee rope new oon, {nd @) teens a penn scm, ei ecient npn, ht beer eae oc se a piles “Bente eit etn ‘lon Sop one pe Fre a Riny Miner oso ee mec Tey Se inp wm x’ lowone operon of te soar bar ‘Sit soon scone eat ‘cong olag ote pa er a0 thes et ‘chevy ta deme Te ‘Sr te wen mae crm ‘i hae orn lat tt ‘io A fonder ie ron Inns th et fhe ios re Sune ace a ne wil oe ‘Sotung os bang (e) 469.12 Leaching of theRosst {etsy oe uni an ‘Sampo Swed Saale of ‘Sot conde ong ome ole ‘ics te exact te aptiias Tete Thepecoumd ty sting wis occas hl ho ce aco aie ss tara a ed ale Ee sing een veer hep elt ule ote ‘nse run eg eer poms {flan ue ato of aro wit ‘Sen Ge on th eos or rae Watishedooted scum Te cide eer woe conto 1 inl pene pm (ee,Soret Se a a wt iS Sewing tte nas Soon cheetah okra e nal Soren rineepe oa Sea aan pen Sle nee Sere Shires Sohess 46013 Asin neta serps Soeatees tees Sees Shoal Revamrncaan 0 eaeroreecests penpenyerean sive esate Htrabaecheeeeats Serre SEs eee aie iseeaee es Be eae Eire Saket spire et. et eideeeeecrte Shut some son en ies wa isuereetateteate's ikgamesmmieae ann tig ote tydngen exote. A ate of ‘Tha at fe cll eno fet of owt te ry lees he lastest {oun temper, Tae Spee of Smee Sate 50% “he atm Pydogen exon i money cei fia rer ‘Speer cn vente on ‘agrvce fet ha fes weh we {Sreunteronnvdin ayer cog Sell Gactoedteceatane ire Tc entoe lowe produce i he frace may bef ‘tek ofr maneten soc (25) ‘stom ban tad ese eo Risers ier Thi ewe psec Proton ta chemin bane exten dds eston However sit Saab mum ofaestes yaaa the fate of dont on th gen ‘ssn nen sb so ‘heomte slum Of pos le ‘Stag te esr tessa aad sa Sheil nc torrent ‘loge he cist se 469.14 Crystalization “ada a enti hw ‘iro conoeint wd mn sy te ‘ge wet enor bga ‘i or tc en St ‘SekonmgevoterrbetRar de 2, “ny suns vrm tone spol ton nemng at Te a Stet o i pec prcilyi h fee Gero Ths ops try ‘Senay pt fom te mae See ieatoneemnrens Spies cen ara ealioe cae een Se: Se Sess 4692 Chromium Oxides 4692.1 Chromium(lI Oxideand (Chromiune Hydroxide comma te passes ieenecmanee! cance: he ‘Soak, toting pot ett foe Sere aes Se ean geet emia oe SOME soroeeecae ie Meemennacy Sere ieec acta ‘i ie tna we Ingen feral rm S's e Slane o ace ‘ai fom ton open ‘ain The ial rdtn of ctv ote eer ett ‘Si macum Stra eee ik [ee the tat ed component ear ty mis fed te! fre, Sige detec fe Toe aes cede atte. 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The emperanire See eee at egiccueteners serioanaa pig ws 5) nly enti oe tecaped cromium die bt» sie ibrigage eye a 18 ‘Amik 65) The tpt ana ‘ep tit 1 6) Toe eye ees cm he a ees ‘deni stape ant meee {oop The ety ates Sao pede ie Eee Sn ree Lnmatmarens Ses emanate Socrates: Soya a porns Riuoncaeaes Sitrmemnin Remereetei Ss nn Poet oat sees at rearaeaas Se he Ghana Biomtanice reece an sae SS SSS a isa ito Sureernas Shorea Fe iadby sein fin) hye i 1 Bah vicar ps 0-100 Po i wou yoy Bomar te ‘ettg mateo This pve bees 500°C and 5M 350 by fm ed else ie oman ie ee (ie rch mat be a to ae te bee sd ely po ee ‘Son mise ecals98 poate Sev in ie eat ue Sat Spenin doreqsniewhorn ‘lrenuy rect foma 9 cho. ‘luo ouse browse er sont (ht To do ie pei aed "ugh email whch geome ee ‘ard he Ge soup ene csiyof08 Prnson cra lan seta clon espns Los a ono a ‘ed prt af na oe TD Te fpedtoe rtd wpb rein te i iia ote seas ite datee eae See ashes Sethe mgncsarsten chou Slow epee pia outs nay shoe Gots poets oti! bt [onan nt Bi neteerauesaes: secicmeceest Steere Sones Se Soran a te oe Univa ma 46923 Chrominm(V1) Oxide Conia wae, ae ww gibt: ype fats Sl pms wih i a The ‘Sta of hme S83 el Te Sacer eee Se SE aa 0 Sch tg eta sprees ea teemee Soot) ae ames ee Soa ae Sats Ser eet epee es aod ne he perpen nryid Seles Gene posts aoeett Speen pec ategtet Stites Salata See Somes eng Sec pn lay in Secon Siete wie reborn Sy ohne a Crm ead he scot Bia ‘nS wes we nal Teen cn pt a a cero Saree eed tte oe Sh ot fn etn te ut fhe ad Ate Sao io IC amen eee ae eee SEISESTOS Sess Se areeal We eecmmeeta ey Rota: Pee Enaeacs eae Spree tant enamel gra aa outvemch a made fas cng sec er ofegbpment ip ina wath wer Tor Soir icscees ainaatoos So ecnees Bee Sra aasss Sen ae es se icinocsese Stic ccaneeaiee seers Soshicene entaas ———e pieebnaeeneh Saeteatereeenes an Ors ee Syineiececenmee mstemmremcrmens Seterasre SEs Shae Bete es ‘Sey dni Te ld crn) lon ined SESE entdttenetacl eth ‘gird to cam 100 Kg. of chvomiuencvp ewe ety (79), SECA Wire tiem seabecetie Tehama arate igloo ahaa a a eee aes Gryece deat cs Gebers Shitapemmenses SLGansauees gr icemrrs ee. Sashes ESA cnree Ecpueictaieeacet Sap chelate ete SORAanT SAT Uoiatbae meatIn drone a bee in eh ‘esc mine [fou open fe ie ft eyelid an enone st 3 25°C The cucu) oie ps ssn ‘Asm les w octon by ean swine wi Diamant Shanch Sov pet eto pro (5-15) rach cen cd ron om an form of fies, he early ot fy (Posd pe so mt Cond oe SSevil poace coman 9593794 C0, obs mena of 01% of wie. emf ak, pe = lk Sty eset ee pd at ‘wns ney mus ght sled Dec ‘depo ater mess Fothe e ous te ine EEC ist nl st [MDG codeconie vot stews pines SI, UNN. HE The MAK of Cys si eeopatagi he ostiagoua lot spin of ro) oe Ne enn ie ac $i snlono xn so wasePoge fry mtr presi oni ‘ence onde ita nto (be uae chmio iar inte posse Ata mat 4693 Chromium(lID Salts 4693.1 General Properties (hoe cml a oe ‘Wc tt ependcncoet ‘ty ee freA compos co ‘tase epee ovens, ee of om 25, mim) ceo tsi) an, ‘iene presrsof comm in ter pce one nfo etm {mutes ecleien vie ate et ‘eee chon te sd eta Fag tne alr hon Sass ‘eisai aeons ch ‘Bei min cy any an ee ‘Sith os wets ces feo tit ine spit se of The (Sastnctid tm (ego, ‘ewe mace narod te cae pane olde fhe an oe, Saco scolnen connie Ser meso ae Ew es ‘empresa sie com se Mp), splays po {tp inthe ene of cordon pnd ay ‘Wim pele ign ater be cleo coe the Care deed ‘erm I Ge num of te eave SEES omy coterie ‘en mpl te eS ‘Seances en (CHS09, (GG i eae nk ne al SN cep choos Thetnloy ofepivelychagelgrods ‘plomona eso i cea cr (00D Soke ke mee he ‘Cres xe ot ae in te MAAK ta (Crmay) ti TLY Ha (USA, {eta ft supe mates ie Be ET In psc, ae mews leon le be eae si ‘ne dus wit MAK aeatome=? 46102. Chromate Pgstents ‘ee npr rote pgneta- ste ee rome (ane log ad ice maven pemes (alsrage fod mete a whos los gs ten lowes ee ‘Shue sole sod inte pthc ef at ong ae ota hae {Sie yn or poo! ting seg tel ed ag pre Spc wet ok teens lcwed cnn pe Selo yn i weary Simca ndienpentes The ema pet combo’ sifu pment oe eo ae eves ch eee pet ‘lot pee ow er de ee 46102.1 Chrome Yellow elon Smad at ce pad hose or tad tse pans wie fee rae Pr, 0 8 ere fides dont ox Spt) Crome Yow aii a wus Say aoe Taba dscns ‘iseand tule ode en Soa Sc by pean er eles ‘Srna er onan omoine ‘Sst mate 209). The es iS yelon saree adn ne SEES Par omens 9 Sok EER om mean SSUES Sein a fi 5 i 7 E ae Bt Ee £ oe hap pp ae i ‘Scores SRS enum aE tne mee FEE mm erence : = “Series oe sm ne nt a = Renae oe ee « Bemerpirnae teeters cases em ana nt ini ome ~ gegimcimtateans Byatt ips eet ny Heed ee ee eae eese. Beers eee enn cena pasepi ees a ecaimreetnsan Comm mine | PRREEERUEL Eo 3u RRR atin SRE at Ce aa, EL Bor pany 1708 ti 0. 30 ml 1 Bh Rte ieee sean mat HLEEMIR Se Bn geeknemmsciomemmay TM ismtmntmcimrme ecw | RE RSPSUAN PR wR EN RS ey cuncmene eee | Rien lies Seid te wm SERSE peace FEET sone ve ws Bra geet “Eee urev shen Eee rave 2 SELLE vou nee omnes BERBER ame va Sepuazma non toca ERR Tre BSchcatwames sisi tezome sacra Ha 2 pr te mt eras ta Ging kratman as rm ae aos mEgkmemmcmes | lb rmeerarenonme, ™ Retruaagarer? peeeee momma, | a SB oBenit haan spear Sememmenmyae, 1 DAS eaa > een Fay San | al eS Eee en = ok mcm ae ete Bee47_Manganese | arr dna Tus 42 Coden | 2 Pepe it ay Se tee 474 Mining and Bevefcaton. ine C8 Sagacity | G75 RebetimeMengmee Gnidia 7832 Gera" siete aE Te iss OF cat, ie, dealt | sa hacia YS ri 2 ee ee i el 9 Beem iss 1033 Moti! Cec ‘st 116 rotting let 18 iy nai Emcee, th Uae Re HES mires tag AME Menem BSS Bist It 3 8 Se Seaerae E) ces patent 107 gue 71843 each ProcemlgiMdpanie Nadiad, 1105” Mun ges 8 os terete ed, Sis Sees on gem on On Ree | 47.1 History 1,2) Small additions ofthe ore reenoved the gree: Theta or teciote ‘ame sot B gate pee | Rae aS "rg tr me ate w cei ASSN uty amma seoubeaoeh gies, ‘Sear moped ampmes wenden ieSeePenaris ices Pt em a Semen Ta eee earl SPE TE TS “cence trates | SRSA Some oleramourrescs | ERnirsitanie sSacmsScsecsfe 1c. Fong wa is eso ntl me [6 tn by 180 spogees (alloy of 20% ‘gtr ale) ade podem ‘nevi in uit. The Benes pos (was mae ati by Mis, who aie elim of pigeon in 861857 The (eenmatnt ich sf tad ‘esp pened y Sse 16 ‘sys Fa waning coeds wewreaiut el cag Inga en aig peta TH. Fe ‘Scenes wefan ee ‘A wo-tge poe forte poston of ‘fed eromangmese wih 12% exten ‘rs pops 1908 and manne nt ‘sa ee isl by namo Teele proce 68a 188 Lace Fit» pit fr he Me NEYO 20 ye altar 472. Properties 5) ‘ngs ee a ‘inn wes inane areal {shige oot, toi eam Meche ene eg le te aero ‘hve ean pode of whch ae {let ipe 9h, hd 2 ed hs hve ane any fo desing 310d Mangus ea Iecope fr pend Se pra nan Tie tie te Pome of ‘Srapoverinnaiban spe feenasreser ora, SEosennsesee omer Rescuing (2 ear bes apc in JK a ‘Soeteat epee rar aarp pe Dopo Sonne ‘psc eanir-ssnnr® pamcu ienygeataeantnter? one oRsG-ae crab ety dpe ect ot Ma The ee natn ‘ts ecr en nce “he tasty of be nes dees with lean tly fe sompnee Th, ‘npn exe abana ew-omeo np | ie pe VI dea, na st moe! Bo, 0,80 Magar) oie 0.) i gb se he naon ts Meat) ie of ec peo, ag sr te ig i ‘port, expecially Mad} ide eterna eer Zens an Sorensen feat eae aaeeae itiecmens arene cee renee sae Sarena Eien Etc 473 Occurrence (512 Mangoes te it ost hte cout becarsonat 550 pa) ci tren 8 Ep crecsoe cavaecene Seccreasues iam aomni sigue wang 6 pitted Sanya tne Cached aie ite ae oncternoie ie ceo ‘ts am pen he cn tue moe of gna NePomate ogee esses besten ‘ve ees. Ore omnia 10-35% Mn Ss em ‘Senegnafeouseree. Tether west SPnere apie seems ES ee oto henge ene nen Say ces ms 5 Sn Thelen aloe 80, eu eel Seine Ste ence ewes 53a ce eed ‘dal entails yt 7, “Sahat eee ‘Stamens comet sehen eats Fenbentrumbe atic ee ‘Cheon pro ape sl lect Sich sae oles Sea Smet ie ccc Chiapas ae wt seins ‘coma ening one ab elisa ise ane Sie mua nt age ere conn sateen ot sont inane (or pba ee South don ‘Gene ove Une Aust, io ‘ie se sol Sa Te posta i i Meco wef cecng spartans an mati ‘majority of te podton consumed Senay “is ge iors ea hod mange cept eins Piel iScoutree CD oan ores (ess purl ome The sve ae (Sct ys epnt oemciatty 00 ‘iw ities epee eer em ae Becht te msjoe mings rdw of fra tat of oe ene, he Sone ‘hed api hn ofc Se pres a Anaper ef re Jp Seca gaia oe mac Te 474 Mining and eneficintion “ie metodo fre ming sad ecto ogi Wa ening one sare se fe de akties ec Mig Te ajar rcs fang ‘Shing eign Sou Athen, Smee SiS! ep Nemene A ‘eratan eee bd) wim SEU GTa time catty 150) 300m te Ect om dee Ho cig SES ase set Su one Se ate td see {tu ce! employed The segs ope dlece Sm ecm tei t, a= ae 2Atngne tin 85) a oe = an oe ee ee es Se ee Sire te Seas Hee mawecietoer eek Slt imetiat ins stare Settee Sa psuee te te cite Smee oo SeSaerseayes ols"h top ehnges Eel ewe ie SSS os Siete etneae Seen Sotelo SSL aesrh yi ais, ies ato, Tthystaamaerasnen nob ee Aieeks nso soe (7) ara gh [Dent epee persion lab 8, Peete cara ming = even omar of ak (Ente cer emia roars or ‘lig sd aesiatng ecane mae ti {reporting wera oe ‘Stim serine et ‘Scalp franco Toning wo eon oso ieee ‘arse seo 3) cals snr ‘eis Geert sor ah fal Aglneon posses pine adie flanged trae Reo Boe ‘String hsbc tellers ‘oc oem eine tee mangoes se i irl Seeepaeactaneton as tof nor ore ‘Gott ver ic The ele bed ‘te nd gon ge yen ‘Stone pate A cent Ms Per ic eer ttre ples (Spor Dang sng Be re ered ‘perialy ocd Sac of ete (Foe or wich ed apie Ta lo a omveic sen. (Shea sal comet en Reduced ge oon, oe fe i nc vit operating ne Hn rane 475. Reduction of ‘Manganese Oxides! ‘om ian of ow etc opments Sees soccer 4754. Manganese-Onygen System ‘Of the tnowm xen of mange (x0, Mad, May MeO MoO sd Sid en ee amt al fee eee had, indy Hae oh ‘ole orat osions mangas ouster MnO be teri ‘Sonne dando pe vane WhO, Sings thee O40) es net tone i,0, ee a aoe Fare ne teen ens {ap te se om 170° Ma fone oe sO) oma ion ont‘ mano This ne ‘Sree nine me ses Become ps “Th eos fren dosciicn fe eget Boo, 0) 205 hate) finders ageatstd ino, o ‘The jen pti roms ve by acest we eats sfoson fem rsuesn ie 73 a) Acs tte bermadyani ui (2) he decomp Neommpetc a 10.3 KP eros {8500 "Caer (2), S00 Fore ‘Sion G) cco ater peers {ela ecm Rann suet ‘ph reuig potas goat ere ‘oem adc rt ‘Meares oncom Ths t ae ‘ot siya pla ie emerge aren poe a isscustgiartrmnee 4752 Reducomof Manganese sides witr Carbon Monde Hydrogen and Carbon Tie icin fo, Mn ci fot py Cue 1) Scr ssnagy Sue oct exon mene seen see oe Sowa mtn er Meo ep Ny Amedeo) orem HOO Or A mE) soon ° “Mein of M0 ne ems of se ne Sei Mie be, ° Fao.) secon ay aeons, 08 sti anions wi tn cr meat Seaceiiuaca Spat M0r40 Ag HA) Spanien aoe eae seine mnsinn aneesieey ype uo i snl isan Stren ue ee Fee Pas pene TED sty eteret Howe, te frm of mga ‘Steinke psn of caren owes oe ‘tes apes 500% The ow {Ep mauy caso owl acon =. me ‘Theanine tan dows ito Masco 400 oo td econ of CO, with Cares ere ahedn pio cds un ant edn sea Somnowal pod of mangoesecon ‘Siva ceed meer Se pl reas ees (cnming tik he sviin of he Sy mabecgaan cn sro * a Be ° Suhre Ie. “re ism. reoline ewes Sweeties cpa come eames of CO, te eae of ction Srensa ce acct few vas =ten-946 ey “Tis ratoneee dependent fae oe ‘Sui icntonn ape cen cd Fetter whch sntone en ico wc mera) Femmes drag earon a wie esther cope eh ae pots ped gh roc Burpee ste Sova at Fre Te mein ot ince wil ‘aroun carn cou! (3) Commc ‘emmnpnie (5 Mn, Fe) coe 7h crn, Fr sly of exon (emer somo 4.53. Reduction of Mined Orides 1d Minerals Containing Manganese Oxides| {jetta pasty Howeee is peer ae Bei cecereeas Saissee aap ances igen eas iawn a ‘fin oe mages ant nd ego ae SS veeecs hae ‘Seaclanf ie he pac af tooiiaemedes i theta grt a tl for Seales tame "fis sacs fr nse ore ses he sty of meng ioe ‘Tes ms becoopesnc or seg fe mcnp teil ty mcremay aco, Be pr mote Ale aed if Or econ seal oo 4754 Reduction of Manganese Oxides by Sitcon Fie 475 sos tht the ection of _gessseti ose by nn ao pn ett o ‘Rite tof he itp Eeigeictetn ar Eee ther oa te mea’ ‘tity ig nbs tag rn Ge ‘Stat 0, 99 macnn a0, dopa ‘Sprain Geran seg epost 47.85. Reduction of Manganese Oxide by Alumina wen id i gnats Seecemindeoms cai s ‘Secs gut of Mt As, te (Potrero sol 80" Ce 73), ‘necheafonbomd sce tebe Fret inh we These po SSau ann he piston fealty ee 47.6 Production of Manganese Metal 2,25 meme ema goiseuiang mee ‘Nero setae an ae Seek Sane ioenee chee So eecoet am eee ‘of pecily steals “ erin oietw ke mal at oe pa ree Peta mn Sn 7 Sees eta “aan nti eaei ee «+ Berotems! decnyoston of mang Dalionsfememgse +See on of gas oes 261 Becrpe et ane ‘ice at Pesebienr aes Sores 0 ee ed ue iaesncneecte Ceicaaiai aang Shima seea ee Steeitcntsitate mite amr ehbg icant (hdl pet at Boule Cia 19 hetero Feeeron aoa ac rte Shine aes ata oman a ited i le 6 epnweonat _ ‘Say Ga SST compe ty 30 sghrnceraty deingacpyerea fos ibe bvecnge ext yo cures The oy ‘ete 3 ogee 1 ing of he ie meget + Bzsrwinaog of meio me (hy inte efron ely re he ised oc. 80-09 £75 28). ‘heats wes BET) 22-3 Kise ty ale oe sive Oc bate (Sifu! the pees coals see ‘Sr dono efor mote woe ‘al or veel sod le oe sible fo ts ose Tama he ay be Riplemateall a ssge ‘Madness tly omni frm comping meas gen ‘Siauon ane Camas ch wh Fay site xara some pit a he ‘ud T ee ely reset ‘Sik an gee bunt sre BS ney eager Ses en SDE ae. ‘soni car ‘eat pociam ur Th easton ‘essen emt coven ‘ih cis eet eed oe 22S acces, Soa ili ofreidtion ‘The renesive wai of he cigs oltre i ean em pe Sen soe Ses R eS Saey a voters beste hpeel mee aeree Seo Se ree ete _Soaoiyin The pl of te kash shold te eee Poised scetoe on 31). detour ‘in mee we eve prempinoe ‘he ler one pt anton ‘Sten of lene 32) Sone ma em salide isos copa ‘va he isan of soon (9-50) ‘he mma contenant poi ee Ohtegneoel tale esta [eteed by coprecnn wa eninen (feta pie petty Cle ins Be Sicetas ace Once cent maine ‘pact ale eng sl wicca ‘cum ngs apenas tee te Ses See ea sora scsi art at mokekeames ‘eoeely been achieved with anodes coed Same Spams . Scoarmas aare Saar aera aceon Zoenrmaaass Eanes eee Eeetamnncteta Scoetsieee erate nce eee su alte ed in cl stn ‘Spon csi "pc lamang ends oi cattle res fo Same eo, Boe exert been alstae Cure ‘fiom ae ate depending on ae tented cent es Etro ‘Gant ex gr (Beier dite sigan | fogs, pera s0, td, “Thee waters ary egca- sere eticnay of eae Peete. Power corny ply tain be wt we ceo Oe ‘Sate fomnn of aeaier sn snr oe ‘Geeta wich iy eee to ICs ty Btn ee RreelomdS0k Curette ‘iw he ne fl ee, ‘Se cocromimte mde tte a ot he petacton fhe ak ‘ne ae tie By te mater At Scot ls-20 tm cde opi ‘loner Since omg Se potted bt ety spe ‘Sc Toe etd en weed ad, ‘te yen ined yea ‘cea when mang psc Sawyer regard Mel Ainslie mtn ons coment ‘Sos io mtim e xpononrak A iw donegone ar eld i poe a utr le Sepeting ont nde ee ae ‘nide tr sone Soy, ling mame mnt ‘Seal pede evs "Socom manne an ens tes fr mor ae ane. ‘i wh a rice pte! oy ‘SN uA caso bor ‘esmpoc sd on or ng ‘Sem hee somes sed ‘Ea he ape eal © pe © Fars Qualty Cont and Ante lic Spel pf 9 cos ety. Tie uma ep ‘Sess eed ot 00 won “Repl ae cain ca "aight eed Sasa oan ed gins nae ree ‘iio Jes ediecd seca ‘icine psenoe of mie mh a specs ‘hab pommgnoue Ts need bee a Se of gag ssn a. EStterefimecteis Veriom cet ox ‘jal oi pera flowed by ei pe in otk mete estas ete eter se ‘ieerammeonspetnopy, bea vite (Somme cos apienen Teekifeeee ‘eng lucy ey ue ‘onal ips we ena de sea ei ies te ‘Supe The eal nay Sed hve Tecan pie ue, eg (sug enn orm Tat Spo mal shy So ‘pee iv ee on tao eno at Co Scermied ty aad gn, del (hn anlcconmer Catenin ‘Src etd fren). Shor ta empresa ‘Boe ot ream Mapmy mp ‘Tomi tiene lpn ca ‘loay ia soon otcposing prone. Te meal posed Sty eS Da pes a nat wi “aegis a lotsa pel by he ear of me son fom Irs’ Tha rosea ch pet frat high omen ens on Ser Se mmpse + vy of frm Ie dane on en pris Fgh lee ts enpertes ane seine ‘fone fs eae pore Sey Sewnesoentocde pte 47.462 Blectrothermal Procest spt eit of ec ‘hem ein of mumps Gebel, oneer te pty of he poet od from ovr po se The pon of El gusty spotdina wel nae re mse {y's milage tte proce ‘flowing sien Manner ‘eed at ae fmm wih nel Si oat cy Saonce 9 form clogs rong ‘cv phorrscne The ig ‘Stretton mango arid The ng cud opr aia sihamengince (108 5) emnres wt ‘Sar nnn td Sm lta ‘Seti een cotton ee. ‘Coit pce, may veo pool ‘noni weg ele “he Wl ieomapuse i ved yo psa gud be ig me ‘teppei tt The {eons condo nner ig “plana of cect mags: te gen rile #7 Hos Sor Kam be seen tha cet gies vey pepo i ‘Spt asne en decay 1743. unborn te pacceeinegeect one ptsrcr itt Seeceees pera meal “apeasueatg ae Eaeanren Seen Senshi reas he eae aecen iaeceecm oes mgenerpeeaecr ants Eeea canis Seeeeee = Scene a meee ee ae Joy te etn stn a (Gos fom oe pester eng a ‘toss dtm bx eae. Ee Siete Pace epeomentaer ae cemicentotar ca omen ec Saas withers Sant cite ttm ernie ee Spears Stew Se tbe ten nt sth i teval otentee fa tee Seed neal hore bwin pal {748 Dena Neeeeeee ere ht Sars 47.66 Blecrolysisof Fused Salts Manga a tecn roted on ior sors tela ed ote A Pinel s fe inte lets od agus thoes abd eset ak he ce Spi 1 A! ot de aa 2-5 ee ieee Hobbes irae sees 47:7 Manganese inthe Iron fand Steel Industry) son it el ny pe 7) ne as Sma a aha (Sat tomer ips own se, ‘Senontes fear, hw con feed Ano postarba wih ‘scone ct magus at a ae pon ra itty the we of camo Sys spel Sep sires etree Stal gy lactate et he of rion (a, Insc hhc) This att 0°C nM alin cn Saison ‘gen cin a iy ‘seine nen Te cy af gust foie tea ie ned © 35 Fas megenr ey ale he ‘Beattie GD-10MPa per a). ‘iilé suene manna tele th ee eetped om 882} ent = stb nd et mies Wes ‘he re uted fm ne ae ‘ned foo een ‘eset yt mgs al te se {Bis seca oe epee These ec cxopnly wu vip She eg tl ce wen et eetenement ingtnueree Matas ier doit tn i- en ad sain, Mogg ease ‘tates of stmt tole ‘esi otal dn eon ‘The sty of soem i ie ued by he pens oman Ts ‘isin hacen els 9 nce ede etn by ges wc ‘thn emcee carpet So tte sd hn eo Signe anal ‘Sioulty he peace mms igen i overt mesg apt in ‘resale sone sale ek Te ‘SU fogs lin Som einen mts Magnes dette wilh ‘ae en fst male oust we ‘tomas te et es ena ‘Siena scan cones Si ge nthe orm fo le polars Eu Sve a nog ‘Spam Tae ome king ‘Sars ag etsy Seer teins mr mo of # gate ‘ietly tie at woky nee Gt BE i pt, met we One of mot sigan oper of ste te ay hewn fa ‘pet Ateneo Sen i fect eden af aed bt Sites ts eee vl oytenpocar ‘Tih neo duet tr cose, ‘ene it nein ‘overt ei pets fo sel ae ee te ue of ihe tpt wold ‘kindefoeaten ‘Storage ity dig te Koean We, cg romped arf sangre esi afte aes 478 Processing of ‘Manganese Nodules and Encrustations acct ta be et ot ta eiienmmetomes Sigoroe es Singin eoaa ‘aes mse ef ney reer oars ioe oe eee Seen at ce SEuraaasaeae 498.1 Occurrence, Origin sa Composition 10-5 ees Gotham pete hea ance Saosin es ates eee Stesot poly economy ible an eee aaa Lope me = shane LE ern a tl A te it Mig et Nao {Se coounents od suai ae ace rents and neratsns Te Sa ‘sea erpostioe tar fam cn 8 Scenes wi me Sp Tid aes of pe competion we lagen! Wye Seopa gh Sin fea ional ne Pate Gi eee eee ih Care ath (ee dosvoe Be ne ON mina cnet, sacar the io Tie meta sooty, oper wi sole dicen dpe ae Sacer ras ti ‘ote tet The ale ahordaine be ‘Bn hemo ce pany ay othe reo The es {em gens ff si. Roeder wnaly tak et bonea, pnd wit in iota she pow yen, peel ese. Toe frei reagan oe dns Swat ti 5% of ae, rsnove i oe yng SS rs ctaed i he op ‘thar of epic stl ate Slate eames sl cylin af ons ‘incl Pe ats se Ee pe fe Scie ot cin ay ‘ie predominant niet ve mer swilevarmurctrtiad meine of aon nds ti phone seveereprel The scency mien edie it ‘ae folning tas epost ees tote ae le, ho mie. Md topese ne Kon irl of isk, ope, ute bt tn ted Cu Rs Nad iced ee Stead Vat oy eid oe ‘it at es ond me pases 7 {ae sci mt ee ie Peano 4782 Legal Considerations and Nodule Retovery (48,5150) Lege Considerations. The Lo oft Se at ‘en te extn ner = Seth tinea ng ety ret ee hme ecoutweane pana 94 The at mari ne this conference sn 1982. mths oan cee Serpe sae ecogeetemrcegeen Sane eerie Sancouure Scone [eae St wih wl replat Slee cae Sheaianacey “The 20 ml EZ woul pt ner et si non on of em of be ‘Toetep cr foe ‘Tecoma sn ie he eno of sel tag be rue ete tx BZ ‘i it cee 0 fot be mae of a ‘aed poder ‘ated Ka, he Sveti ‘ve used tn ep seabed i ep Hon wi ay as inc ‘isnt UN Convene, ‘overs beet sondcted ce th 19850 SERRE Retin, riage “Tee main foams have esa vest me enter Ie basket te ue ‘ons bale poping Wi ¢ ‘ieee dtr fe “ete te cons zac ang acs ea cal sod somal vie 4783. Processing ‘The nig sees 8, 18,5 Sr scavenge ho, (5) sen tae on sid be fospocmany fen 2 Coon smi {eves npemne fos peene 480, feet eee ee mes Sarees Sector eie senieer ce aoe Seneca Saewuncnecmne Sopa obuamearanieasaiets eaten eee| ‘Sapper Nek i recovered ram ris zeae ee tlogal coupon of be ots ele ees fsceen See Sais nteameetd caer cece uemeccnecaton mete re Sel ceriocnre poierciafatp SEVERE emer ‘fremmgnce races eli Pe led ote wnseply igh eves at ‘emai lus an phogeon 4783.1 Gaseous Reduction and “Ammoniacal Leach Proest terme ten yess seen ts Theorie ad 5-07 eae ee Heo oo ‘Set mean fected mtg Serer aes Eitntateantyence epee Soc ei £0 ni sn aed we tae sts le Sat adc loa! app a Steer eat pepe Ts ote aed itd ‘becobal adh tal snout eel st frome Tro ttl ae eve [oti ignpente ety mice Shtwbbaien astral “Tore acs terre ele anrorettoa temoerae ty seat ‘ome ota nts ep re, 47832. Cuprion Ammoniacal “Leach Process, Mangoes de st an ee cutenmorical so ciao ees ‘Sicppracsuttoain en agra cloned eaten Sen 06 teHe] | Sew ea | TT we Le | 47833. Blevated Temperature and Pressure HS, Leach Process font 245°C ed 5 MPa Mgrs Seamed yee ‘Stes sera te tele eoe “her i whl eid Jose Topas on aj $i he cpp tll ety ‘Rody xenon eon rene ‘Fens i ip cpg sd ‘Secu ane town The cb ir eine wit bogs sti top i ed kel oper ‘Setar The ses pre em ae ‘Shine et cao mth rnd 180, at oo "Cie sdeanay eds tad rel ke whih emer pow ‘rant aon Futon ae ‘pan gears My 85 “ee aeons ove fm he aren ssaion nd jl, The Deen, snes Instone ati $7834 Reduction and HCL Leach Process ‘atic Fig $7.9) mange dondeisiee © lee mpm cle ‘Se wit mge cadet Sa sa ‘apn of te hyo cn i ‘dant ine The ete yg ‘Bonde peed om th oe ‘sir ior and jel Dolo Irom nh ls 9 misma yon aan wih fol eae Seucnhdes oat frityoneThe bie Co, Nc ad Meier se davdby cag wie Cope ‘Sieben ene weno SS, ‘She The cope meno By ce Fein sci lmthag ond cose eed tou hand solve exrecton sage {Soe adel Tee meter aeon oo fle te see fr ent cle “Te a ss ine sn an be tad pote impr mga ce, ain | Sm? I i cm be sng a et far ‘eh Molen mange oped os {beara snd st Choe ps 0 ‘Seat tm te ites rea ‘Bhs ihe cline eg fo te ‘cl indicia ge eae ea ‘ened ipa died clon. 47835 Smelting and H,80, Leach Process ne fe wid ec cee gue ‘0 tesa ae ie Sn tae ‘ae doe od fs netted os fi tt fever nee a 25-1000 °C Steed we culen-mentide sch res The med ler ge kext {i tence mei a ES i —s sin] | = Eh SS —— 1 pers ‘att Eas ; naweporytegascn ts eae eres iephminotiesnmacnarsy gubehaer merc feievesscnon Sees niceenere Skee neem eer beet heer sages gears ie a onset og Dae Wan pee Sree Soest npn Seas ‘habe ton cay son eee Sa ewoamnens reese Sanne maar ‘shee ty meio wih Incogn sa eee is Acrguoeecaae Sees caves Soaaeningise 4784 Economic Viability and Future Prospects (0, 42-51,57,58) ‘The canning te explain fhe nodna reve ean sco. ‘heat eanome tioiopl ocho ‘5 polsat Ary epee wale {te ster pepsi te Te ‘iy of ing oa rome: eons ‘Stage hyp abortion tl nyo ome ek eocmenl ep cs Atop, most of eas of be ene sive eh even ak tle then see aoc cosas toc ee pis act ste eect ene ee Sacco Secure soe Pr ar Ze aes ESeara Ss Some ciiers Sommers retantafen SOR oreo jeoetloces caret Eioee aie isa aeeacere Sa =e Homage wet ciommane ce aaemeants ‘mt he EA) ce me Ste sees or Suaoewcnmeses SSSSreeee Shieonmacs Sc ra oe orice et EE sae ieee ear caes e rd Ssale «see me ‘ie! Senha ou le isteeelce Rs ent ‘ued ttc The (Ges atthe mai of eb ana a ‘it cere bate 1 herpetic we nde i Fesite by cay este by compo ecatchigh qe sd ‘oneal cna me form Sees tan eo er ‘Gemeaiot we Theconpler nl outes ‘he tls ey eed ole St somananed a2 sean (ped Baal et at oe ‘tet eel coe 479 Economic Aspects (9) Ninty yrs of ming prc i comma ie Sel ey he go ‘femmes ny thre ol ‘tonne Wee at Sepa) {bas Ele nomey ne een ised cole ete 1908 ‘Sts eons pow te mel Fo sel tonned ye at seiviseyneoime are ‘gett @ pow a ato wes 1 at Toe peranm hover mapaon ofp dts ety fom cece wie Ianto eraser ‘Ero const 180 USS eno ‘Sr e bang ached to tee ine uty Tele gigue A ay dope Weslo aan ee of Chee Init an ow ers ec ipwe “Aly pl Keel tow toad he cexty nie duet mag el eo Sah tty Renay of tegen It'on dues the elcome nirctrand heats f Soi roma i reso eeeecte areca mei) gw 4719. SEC Cin etme socio ‘Sell Romanein aon wis wot pee 47.10 Compounds 7101 Introduction (8) Manis compound oi sl ose Siete ois a ep ‘ict rece he NCO) pet acre th eran ee ‘Sopa eau eect he me gon de ‘enn ip Soe he Mot Soe ‘Gina ts mine ya i snp mph, foe fn Spee mn Ve i ee ice toecnoe weer ccs (pore conga io un opto. ‘ES cto ude be ae oF ‘rte ats ae 5 Tere ung ge tile oder1% KOH). The Dsty of he moses et does (te wy re) ‘i inesg ny Tea Meo ee He ae ees aah Semler fern eed ‘Sena como ow slot et 47102 Oxides 47.1021. ManganeseIV) Oxide Propertes in is Mi ig at bettas ie tases eitiioeontoy atatoemes Sesmhsey epee ware eS Paes Eig cee et Inectier ates te fea aD ae Set ot oenabeans sparta eae Sadia eyecare ‘mimpanese, foreign catons (eg, Ke, Na, Beale adled amps SuiSeacecacne REE Srescaroun sah EAS MOT ge cyte oe Set ha Te Bees ee eate’ pias ba rae (Sy seine end ieces css Seater Saeco ay sel das ie Rass ios ety od ae Tact tana soe Se Gout foe ns Se mee oie me 3 Sola he Gye tae won a Toran anon Seer te mts atrial om vay caning fom 4¢ (Sir arkt Foceumpis sere cma tow mangoes nde nies conde foc cline pint a ben Taine ogee ion) entra ‘nae orto ae agian Tenate crn eens Seesaw ia prec ng ian ase sat pre nagmese de Br Ea maiy oudal oeee Bini) ant (compounds Ober ‘Scitata pae thtrtne sa or SSeecialn ates The uae et (peters he ya ey th commer pr sont tease Mad, (ope esa © ‘osha frie adele ‘Nanural Manganese Diode Cnty sat Sf he werd dation of {oUt comet seamen ‘lions in 1976 (eae eur for whch lr tve ten pad) he owing ap ‘Sfemed wit spscusrs ocr an Sed kg 6p 35 ae “tele hg Om "Win lis, de cosmo ‘pes se roy ti pa: em Set ip an en 985289 108 Uh ad ter il coed met ‘in aoe Orie Mads oe ar feral) cred urn he es fal [etc ed iy ato mame ste pdt Ouason fine NO of mit id war ost te oe poe SE Bata oe egsnone, ‘ic tenes rca be payor mei et ‘Sci wet franc teste pete aie nines Selec so) stamp fom egies Seger Occ 3 ‘Ber hy weeny oe 2 gto oe nome pa ceria oni Sythe Manganese Dixides Sage ohare ase meee sees ieee Sines aoa “EN, Spoeabe nec oe SESS ontimate Scie ns Enola ie Saeias” Sas Say ded nike coon of hy Sect hatin lew ane en msn hemp Sipe cheedin spent oer eit Sem ack me cou ch SSeomnty arses sta seg ned pene Sorin mnie Somes ae fear icon tee a Monte oan es Toke eee eee weer es Sawer SLeuereccas Srvasscares Se Sets ce ‘is0, ie ty cmt cern. Natesecdr ee ene rene Tina meeeecooue ti ‘eke ola cto i omc EDNCiot 5, tet goin rad gar ioses we airae PERO Teche pemmane Pie ol emu nape Se kid, bares aCe fist wane be pei ed Ona wage woe orp ‘ccs tw pre i eg a peat net wwe wes SE Linacre or pepo, ected ptt Sete) ering cine ogee bolo Stee ty oe Se arate pe ‘net On sannne dou diate Saku loecromguce oa wel reer mety el emsance er oes ny ace os SetStyle eee ected rciged ge Fate (Biase) in be oan DO Aerodio hs ose by Chee at sin palma sae oe ty 17 (72) gue ‘coset cin of nen ‘win me fm in oe en th Yop it ped en eral ‘Sood St 1° a wea ‘Seomay had ey, Te re 8 ‘Runes csde espa ree fe ‘owing oder, ge dant Spo. (elite! gener er mange ‘ste Chea” pion cafes fr ebpny meem de hom oj re Sypbee Magace oD yocuse sate magi nes te ota oe eesvoctesiealy svete ‘trl tls cepa iy oe (snc Beco oe ty sey of id, ait lon vere combine et {heh oes arya rr sor ty tems pry. Bay Sorteely rescue he ony male nite essen scones eer ee eel See a alt amare iene as ees ie aeminnsenas 0, sno, saponin einai eee Bisesaty acter maces Eeaicuenae Sener eens Soong ee he OM. fetes memes ye Eames eae ek Saray tae Sarees" Seis Weta tel: meecelteo eae Sones areatteem Soniaw eran’ Sasa ee or near gtenctae 1 Gna £713) tb nese of MO, = ® ae ee an dn sO HTFg ht gms est rg enn yd i ‘elon of Mes i ee etd wi san coma (sans ‘erat nd C00 eae mie ‘ey noma, eames tg ‘nrmeduee fost Toes ie ‘fan dy standin te prea ‘fou 320°C oma eigenen an een cen CRDi Gece ah chy he Femnect esa “he oy nation recon yb ee ac" tte oyna, Sr piece tienes Seatac aie cae Se see Sree Sheeran See piece Eee See Sresoren ee aoe ieicta meas Se ‘vn te Sei mere eae cen Soovua iter Soy hech awabates Seaens ee ee nortan Dara SEE sooceeeaare Shue Sema oe aes Sarena ipeeteneiciereeey SESE tay 0 6) er sine he sae EMD duzy harman rwoadep ie tiene awe mings done tak (Etre eget emoticon (7 Stine op 155 sine, “O00% ta wey In mt apes (= (Goh) a sch sas Ph Cd Co. ‘Tebane east an fom mn ‘ee ey os 13023 pend te BT eae wet 0 Soave wie nav ot ym med) emi ee abareee eee areeeae Eieciecmare alae, a ane ee ‘Sree 0) wth ten isa Seana aig aes Sune eeeaeneaae Sceeecnoe ee ee anaes See ete cae eect aap ares eee, fea pent Fe PN COL yoga eran eed Sowa rica Sree eee See Soe aie Sees ‘Th elles gee coms of gested og eel wt a esesie cleticaly encom ining (68, inti cena. These ‘ue opie, edo Ge ‘piece! east 0-10 A tact ‘einer 30 Oa ee ie ae ores ee era peg genet Ee eed Sei wee in 9 eee eri a smaete one se She eat eta Bias ees sa heemaseineyeece She celine hes ol at Sees Sas ‘ke popes wa a ee sess iene ‘Sioeaipamecy ieee To fSaacaeen ane Sa Sook eens Sokoram nate Eee reeks usm So ate at fees set pe a he mei th ten thong EMD tas own bt Scheie ney ny aspect ‘Srenaagy wih ED a» one Sebpeturmmcecels Bletncenit mange dose is emotion et worse fw ao he -tay andee de compan nhs né prnine tracy Eu i agro 003 ih) doi MD in ve te pi eon he BD ran 0 ang 19) iment as ee ned ‘Sting vor EMD pono rm ‘Tan comcomen reptingconet ‘eae ow tier wate tyne ‘Baal (5 0 oy, Mea ‘Bea (2000 sd CIA Mrs nn Mass (3300 ‘twas 3800 a ‘en dso a a) Sa SScng dust areny cat nce ‘eed bien ee 471022 Other Oxides Mangan exe, naps menor, Moy esp 337 Bet mp OSC a ‘a 8 i pr ene ine. = gett amg monde ts wane di ceertiiiinei te ante Sai eceponds pei mange a Seine Spas 2 Mado ewe ‘Dui of mginse mane nce ‘aay peed cod, crore caon ech ot he a a Te ‘besa race. Tefal one mane pac emt alowed coo mate {ERS siete eter en om ‘epparee say th rope Se sucomes agin mooie Ga nara mas ne) nen sey st ns Tt out ped ee Wet fr ment “Tae cumin of magus mouse ae Une Se for ei toons (neers sion wth ASO) i ‘Sour 20 000 VA lr aunt nla ‘tua fed ie Fred ese ‘pin ope eons 79) ‘Smnety crea essanef zp oe iggy maguone, mone (cb sana eta ty fetton 2 93% i we is peso of pest) pono ernie sd pla fr satis lien ‘i ties penis nd ak tne wedge eo heat ‘epee hen MangaowD exe, MoO, den. > Seip een: Gomer heey ene meinen ‘isp tr ee ‘Seals Manu ode ade ere eng ee (beng hove 280 oe Decay tom eely nl ptt (6) ‘SE party Mom She be emo ‘nous fy Se SE peseer ef enmatan sTe cont ‘ru fom Bick eal taleee aes peal sal See aes ee cor neogeee coe Oana Se, rr i Paste ee Sie candied seca Period 47.4103 Mangames() Sass vpeettea one SS accerce Eimer Soo ere Spoon sees ace eee Eanes pee sabe tam A ee eorres Cae a seperti Sr ster See mente Sa aecee ‘Eby ecpanewasircalortom Soaeccantarcaey inte peers rahen venient Se ecedeeeeeee: See eee ioraenr ote mace Eansng 2207. sve 20° cae eam Mangan atone stint ye: sa ater gtr ts (tan ‘ie ovepnsn ve ot Fodatn of tcy te, ei ange SEEMED Nn ate 2 oe ef fr ‘iesdeos opr ind 63,180) Wd edna of nya tba Seocioaioen Mangus) ease, aC, p 2977 (aet mp e0°C Sb Creat fia nro ont abo ‘as and hea le Feat’ wei eb de Irie acs Be is ‘ton with fewston of pec HI sad Input ‘nc pop mae ho Tpdmebloe sid ‘ih MnO) er, hin, HCO tae rons coe ts ot mages met or ormaguene ‘he pon curently emyed nol (Geczan)” ses ooo manus re (Stade pai pnd seit sated nw mages of bce He ep. 2) aenine pos by Caer esti oie pniane o heaoy eao ‘el by seat wih Mayen fess sammy opin pet ‘Ae eon mat epi. ey rae eae heen st ike ayes et, oh {Eis cemerl ped ee yr cre Sivas tetltacieu ee aisom enpete ve 0°, Fn ie ‘vented y wen of po Se iil ne he yg cm essen aan ie Sahin neq tr gan ae at ines cae Sof meteylopeniainseganee ease et eee ‘eowr, iy ee, ad beat Toe Sec gce aes pieces ieasone areca SPoRue eee mance ohm siemens Senaceans a seen ene en Eeabwacrmee Reo ees Some ng of coats an See ciaadas TeaP my 8-0 crn Ssrekenis Secon ee Sosa See See eo ae Sree ed {te ha dy by eosin of ae ‘es cude or npr sho) ‘Se ted ode fo ose (nts med the manu of aos gine Cy exten of tne va iy {SEWISO3 sore major cere ote rie ng wie cnaing 70% SoS Te a eno Fo ‘torpedo LO, [US ycgunoee pede ope wih Bon tc0 i Entel mag ‘slog csc shag ad a ‘somite gender fe xlatone ail suid st ml oO, Ge cant i mnt of ‘ebuphemalsyée” ta panic: Tye, bathe cot of mp lic oi! ones pet eat ema a US nmonce atin snow Steed ‘ety foe a onc, Manganese fs commer ee of ‘tet ingot aang pots ie {suing antl freshly mop ce met eects sgn See, Fes sch Nae, od er tage fe coepaun eng tage Tl, ad i, edo See) ti cea ior ign, inp ‘Sse aoc teeing a ge ‘liye sent ef ve ‘Ses npc te er for ‘eotae:ad ar govine te of Foe ‘he fron fot 6p 1) ‘Sei odin of commer man noses te abst 30 0- cn in yarn aman of po) Wheon-1450 ee The oinn coe By por ten Bop and Chi. ste Ea Per USA, pcton cap {i te Suen Oa) 2100 a erty Spt me eon ln) Seen47.104 Higher Oxidation State Manganates 474041 Potasims ‘Manganates(V) and (VB) ren mre 23 rereemn wees eaves Soin las aes Saree Sarat a Sonsronsearece (ered postin len pe ‘sine Poarsum ,manganaeiVD, M0 p En ‘ete tie belly pes, hone Srls Upon ‘aia te ele ange > Soar peat tS ncn eerie {2 szompaton uo EO: He ep (Seen abens e530 jem Sec euttncs mK me Bo ee ‘ite ce 0-0-0 Ia oe de le feo eel i de prose of we KiMidy depres Yo Ed Mao, fe pouatan gmt) Sew SoC ahr tempers Jem capen frm hn ad ny {ie ex oft Kho, pes {ose nal ates sl he {items meen et 1 ‘Schomealont ep 173 471042 Potassium Permanganate Te at non of sagt, ti sia mapas (psa prt {So} rsd comme poste fn} Nwsontecme ey pot erie tn nny ein Stony pana ce Irene eterna lepol ma epee tas Sipe deny ode es see cnc! Guay Mocks ‘Rina evel i ee moe Senge Ser TOS emis of te vats eng Seely magne a eae ‘Sat qadton of Et, ue tr fly ‘Set 6 Pere Seed oro ‘muon Properties oni menpeae(VE Kade 9 2 Gah 2 9 reek ‘ites tape pee Biko, dw re ad ow 6 ‘eal erenoea peg i oa Sessa canoe i o f09 fe Feemlaites nanan 0) ‘esis permmpiote bo lle seal epee sen, alse, (Bose sete sci eta ane (nipped) Sah ‘cranny eens mayan pemicemaesoesmy tularemia ‘Wien 5 pomesom pomanpte it ‘edo 20038)°C anaemia {Sfiedompoto ies aww hee ‘kono aque Cnn wh caus, ‘Spey suerte op sess Geet ce ete Sono me The wees of pomegant mo oe i met yf fon xia sta pl Ase esting Ft pang xaos enc et ob qo a rer nwa sesh Rene at anmpaentceens ere Sq athe to cae fr rr gees Preteens picua emepans Eject emmeus eee Si i a «i Jecigomes SS Shaper ‘Snpne olden olor a atone diosa 80150 Production (9p 7182) Most permaogsate i made from Mabie sath fon owed ces jae Hower: soy meth ao Es Gn a, sted ne ‘Uinta esses gestep we oan of orn sete permopso nn ‘spon eel cide ‘Teuda tcoe igh ny saspioe Gee stg etic Seer ee Se ke at pt "notes pt alee paca, slate sete epee KO ee orto 8, eit le wht is proces ior ba teen eras asin Pree (10) intial petin of tien Eco toon wi yoy ‘ohiche aioe alr oa io, s6.08rYp.agp40,-380 a) ingcnorieeae. ato oe Ranson se. dn ate spi men ssc a gay eet 6p Sin pemangte, sly oe ‘Src coins bhae fon regen a oe (Raoning procera clay + iO: Row esata 2 81 3 (even ‘aielee sl) en pre iad OL oan pracy verve es, ‘i otdons 25) a0) cial ot 3 [iy tee pry sp el rind ‘Stymie dtd te wit 0% KOH {ees ne ey Sor rm) ent Forno aon me may ir ‘aly ea voury ir (gue #77) Senay se) ue reas ee Mow oft wn quel epee od 2 hey ncn KO act i {emits wath Ms snes ENa0, Egatna 2 The dy. bue geen ‘eso edt rnd ieee ‘cena en tee seca on Scapa Bohm 210°C Sov bu ue uel est ‘ati coopster the k= Penkagrees} Seine teem ey oes steeds ane nin Brana Seamittneeteeres poets Sear iy od ea fat peed or Soheramene inte ewtihease ast See oes ee ‘eae meas (cen. dente Paesteses ia Andi sidan of Manges) Onion fhe manga ema sumciscrs cogliesy Ses Sao, 040,78 Om Cre manga fan han pie fey inet ce Pima cde 0-250 g KOM pret coped Yon he ‘Sta he mise aca ee ‘lng eae sic realy ee op {roses ogni fo ge ‘BronatteseGipwe Bec cont of ey puma ac- ‘Suaoy te cocentnoe of Kno, ‘EhaOy nd KOM, mal a eon oun o. (Cen Dog. yp cee coor ‘stigereh 2.38 Vand odes SPS io Antsy, ‘Sees 10-90% Nee or Moe! Mo {the pened macs for te un ecient deme Cee ‘els oy be ter macy ne, sepa ieee yf ed {ovate ow ought aston fe xan tk a Cote y te Cheneoin Bite- let in Gera (68, p19] lee #219, feroumple tne flume of oa Stearate, aoe eqapel wi 2 Sin mesh apie Te domed ‘re meopta Thne ctor fale uttered sc og ‘lls ais ean of pecially though & ‘Saaom ave The ede ra mab cae ae Gonreeaases ee eed ‘hl cathodic reduction of both manganse od ae Sines ‘stl dered song coc Sees Seosinannrrss Saas ee Sichoe oat ee ie mclaren ‘ene precipitated MaO, (ram disproportion Soviets si ise aeatotse cece ces Fe Caen ieee cee natn ie Senceie ee Bien needa, ‘Shlstenreydadio we fom endet eo.cen sn del ier te mater oe Side odin Anrasy ser oral of Genie! fp i ne Foti cm te nel wn erbn doaie Frese romutim crtna The maa ‘Gratis nen Fe copes Dist puris (nparalr iene tal santero he ee ei tie fv actioned so yoces eo SiRREST delay feolorus te ect lp unre of ce rh Oi Ensen cote cen “rds nthe eee sen eae he ate fecanntn fe sang tet @ LE” the ce net ses in a ‘ripe ‘Al ee maori (Al ea cu) tn be memo foe th ah ‘or smu Cu Fey Noa C3 ‘enmetwit elca ytowe [109. EF ‘te cenit fe ot te em 40 at, sn requis tat te potion yore Cencaasn be het 80g The pe ‘std Np hema ia Coneay {Hoe ion a ClO, a ry at ‘he rting ep pve ace of ‘anes ©, eo }e OI Si ion sean a cenaena aetna Saniora Re Sasser ero ain ya ‘ate Dupo The ements ai (He aes es emargane poacto ‘Sincoogal sr wl rom soz rab ‘ea Twa poten ao ‘mee ott some pte Mid, ‘Temincoie we deve fom be ‘eh orton af te oe emus, SA ‘pnt bat hoe we soon! Spelcan gesitrofpounta ad (Sem ae. One pense predaer ac Feportreverne mat of he sr Senay poston by eae! tess Ate ig raed nt col a be et! fs (10) Tie pet tert ees Smtr tet er rhe te ermine potion iting ae {ine el anges or fb we {nso fr polis (10, ‘ost ade for eta [12 oF ‘baling mtr 15) “hain ve i pe. og plane fo pau fo (SGitemtoes Meat ool pe: ‘Scie ener ‘5 ult 1950s modem re yxy 300) (14. ign oat dc Ison st teeming pes Feremguse ode i dca oop. Kerteepe cetsis mt cy om ‘Betnroig ped oer ‘escent elt Japan. Neva Chania casos ‘Suton pete ple fh Flor ‘tin 1971 pent ck 3000 A eld foaitg poses pln or ‘neh angela, ely SENEGRo acn Sone ‘ie imped othe tote ‘easeshen[ 0) Theecah sel Sree nfo we orton ‘Ue pre te pn it me a 19S ey 15 The et Ra acy of 00 lsat enpiye sage epee eckson at formants 8, pS, Themsond pn rss Spc san uaa eine ‘re ofthe ea tn Cay ‘Teta ptiraiom Sandee cae ‘fa dc ok Former Cachan, The Cant ln {Sot po Chinon «as, Yrat {ti Jonson monty ‘imesiprectng pone wi) hah famnes for the manne en Comerica ‘fetches, ese {85 The mop coutmonty pee ‘tye min see dpm {i cgse Fon eect 80 ‘tebe eh hie, wih eg pln Seda ely won ‘Bethe of wecustn spt tape om ‘oS 0 The et enon ‘s(t oda af 90018 se ig, sok cigar ee ae ae Sa Pata at nc can fatale lin bs bn rete 2a eae Sah cata Soa Sieaaerate ate, Gece ecm rae fsa arenes 5 ce ae Saran Sosa Sas immer ra, Pagan ‘urn aS ‘Sune! sys for he vous pts ee ucmnee Rees Sue Sete aes ard Seareremecs Egil ae Silas mat Paacaee igramea tanner oon eter toe The fillowng veneration eeultons eae eis act ses “besiege = ite te as olen ded fo ernie re eau aches Saree egg Cie ee Secieeoies ve tty conse ci carers Sa Seay eats Saat weit et Sasa put Th, mance tres lr = uaoeeane ieee hog eee SS aie eens Ect cee fount aoameverte {urifetion of such chemicals as metaco, Pee Seaseccseacar sien sieeecae Saremereapa ives pcs known sowing ee ietrnecatc she secures sie certearetaet mere aie saree {nd tenet aes tes Fak ose cee inataciven Econom Aspect etme corset ly ‘nim Epos enue (peicrge terme a0, on ‘Bdlpemslecuiot smug etna Be 000. jodie eat fee cpa ‘Se te Gnd Stes Vee Europe and Sipe fo fi Gs Wor Emons por a ed nt he Bots Company pa te Utd Kaeo Me oe permupte oe on ‘temtenaly ow aor eos and vray ‘eres "orenad Goverment ing espe lets bl vcs pared ‘Siloam pede 47.0433 Sodium Permanganate i meta ees (eee BB suas wah See Ferman [5 ro dy peices ESPRG, Wai at ote et {OH ot Sc ede ead oer ‘eam i ie RaQ son cd es ToorakSeana mother liquer. “ wae 0 pa sen pea) Seen alice kas ‘ied inthe etching of plc part sch ‘a2 Soe Sees are ae powers ees 47405 Miscallancous Compounds recog ety ty 34 Tat tae at sree es ie eae: iissecee ce ee i tts Sa eee eae ieicentaeneae Sore eee Shoporchete ani esincrefes aay Saeco ere wren at goatee Sauer {Sioa ar ct ro recs (Gp te ores Saeoet ‘Settee pole (30) “Manges etn ice, Man (Cites pin. aye pos ‘Rewer ahr oes eon [atch ehyene damp sf mon ‘hn ie awe’ pmo Sg Tecmteit Tenn — a ta a (Boe a Ps that cess Soreaceecem cod syhitencaersnet pa Tie mae eee Utter aioe ve mr Scuniaminutinen: 47.406 Occupational Health ana avironmental Aspects Mangan plays on impr ice ret sal aise ea ‘ema ace denen (3) hice ot Feo et re a a 09 Sicha sacy splenic ima nd “Th ied Ste Food ad Dg Adi ‘elon hn pea GRAS (Ocul rg. Nida) cemoce fe mange ‘Sow tod mages alte eet fu fond gta (132) Newel See ned gene Iocetos (ie) Arps wi Srnec ‘Selon taupe Sle (cea) en a sam ‘ade The ne LDLo fr Hay fore! w te neh wie Toke or Wome e200 mai (7) “a i ig a me fein efor of iit or vera ‘Sel ove eee pete a ine mone (Soeur ernie spo se ot et ae mete Nitin erry eer yes ‘ingens ies and a a ‘elt ‘hfe mnetemcoun ens Scie sont eng Wh Seer pt me Sed tases est Sarvs Ee gee Rei ee ee Gantt ae eee tne Cl Socom meee 28 eat et Se SEL iy See ieee Sat clean "nS, Se vol ara oc sO) hha cTaeeentreieae ect stapatth SS See tt ernie Sh at he Ue Sts Eevee et st Sua or toe a eats ae plan Rar tmnt clare Bs Sati fener hs SES, lune laren Sei Stach it in Aiea ee Steuer ae Simran Eonar taiomoe lay 0 esther han naa ‘eins 3, ATL References rd "Suerte vo Bh muna See See ee eee ee ‘SeeSeeiaartias te Hi - HHT i ip ere stp a : FF H : id " zee i [ie ‘ iF a a i fi i ess fateh ; d f 2 TRE fl ef Hr i ane He Gf ere Seer ae “Eee Sacereee wf hae ide, Segpentingeen Saas iets CSnaeg mt, ial peg ane eas ie | i e 5 3 A if G if ft 3 on Nita 3 gees beg mn, Ret dake ae a = eee eres a foes e Sees = ome Smee “SRERES ate ae“aeweeiens: See aera 48 _Siteon BRERA a Harem meme ecm nan 9p ca 0 a 1m Ei ron nt en yo ae EES eee eee io arin aaa SEeRS se SES Mta cao itatamtcosg sim Ooo soon WG Gre ection i See 8 3 ieee = a ne 2 Sesame «Dee #2 = = ee Samemeeoo re # oe pag eration i v0 em ; ed eee | 2h Be Be ieee i it ee ={4742 Pomel on Cai ni. 18? 283 Rene Introduction Sion 2 gy, matali us {Gal otope: SSL a2) 81 (7), ad 5 Ga) camapne w pnt ie Sieetfdeniededrand oe Spiele esata Sond ae ‘tet anne panies th 3 pene ni prt ae ie fe lad eng cocennuce ah Sey ate dnena thee ch ‘eo foci i omrtoepersre Dayan teen by oo og. Biseto a 04 fer Bey er ryt {esos prem ea bot ihe remmteneee ee ‘henge (505%), te od moran eet (159) eh Bee tds cena (9589 se on sloon oie, ah soe ill wilcoshge rarentnoae ev Soe Ree tauren md oe Sy an ven hen oe te See ed mea og ‘it 0 Gn tel deere ‘son 09), Teh a os anne ep aoe ee Supeeennte ace Sauer ae Nee en oe ceeeee emacs Pid Samcmrsaetncera eee Sree ee ‘roo, bg inch ea 1900 a Sieseciertee ie gies Sonar Sioa 48.3 Properties talon as vib ees ket fom hb - TT rd pet een atta Ere oman eee erie senso warme Eng eer ‘Si, ayer i removed by HF, and soo. Sl Sushma ae ‘eyeer soning sep ors a SOs fa Sand ih Cc ae see ihc ae se Stan i AL ssw Se ssiahy \ LF oe S026 a 484 Production 4841 Metre Sion seat pela aeeaney abe ‘exe pe FO 80, peed nw ce ot siidttine stew sce potters rca $8 SSE Seca oesl ora, eee aces re ‘aimed hati pon poe cof fveaan Sastry Soe (Cites le win mae nl oo CERESING) Se nyt Meco ena oct Jr so tapas oy eeepc som, MG ‘feat orquucmes 121A ee ce Sees tS ated Mou pu Sei igh oh Spo be td oe ton ee ‘Sepenc melo te pita se mae See reees™ are (Sos coon ey apc {Se produce pce Dow Cong 33) ee ing as oe ore Soleus fon pay of 989 Re maciitenes ‘each. = Somer {ctf tepaduce of sopergtspt fe eee aera Sieben scat Pekeene bailar apg ee sn mais ‘hes SF pied pie Howe sonst i070 Rn fame a td 80, ny ‘Stunts! clan Sco a ‘teen ay ey Hag gay Ena in fovopne se ow OR ‘pe fo mh gud ee ‘tie (pain of pre om alin Shap poe nih pt SS bees ree beat een a Jaewreene = el cueve wy taf Fang sno apa new sty Boyle ‘Sei eer ae ea go on ad SE eed eo See ne A pn emery that ‘Sale may oan, ea ieee zeieieas rn snipe omc Te aaa pice Greece pneimece aes ‘het Sr se ss em) SSoeceero Pay 4842 Semiconductor Soon 48421 Porification Tac spcinaindecene paota- santa en comune met ‘Sige Sinn mat mined fos ah ‘Bioware pe eee ee clarence eres Sie Ae pes eo eae aed ee nn means od ei teingteeeto ee rans Skene erates ieee Ss see eyo, o sew se, Insdion SCY and SC e- sone ad congas of Be pests Tibia hpaoee se rare Aer ‘eva cn fonder impr toe ‘reson anemone iene trae eres ih tra ane forsee f= 1 Atena ‘Stoo ge som ro ty dale ‘is ofterne, tnd ott Sle ‘es ofalane Sy Tec oS Spicy ste in 88422 Chemical Vapor Deposition ‘Si icon by cen yer epee Bi rac eco pe. ‘emomaat eayWe eoce ‘Tame Sin yan OTE: MEE BRAS Cie ya mo seating ver tem eee Seater tres tere eeiengcemen ieee a meee on Saas Senet sae Sees aoe sitet er esos teed, soe pale n+ cal de eens | | | | : sie Son frm er nels Sige Src ame es Snioyeo mos ihe te mo Se irae eked Serres ea WRB oy tse ang oe Genoa vb i monocyte ares we ek Howetr ts posse ey saenve be i fy nlc oh ni ieee rene Seemarensneiuecre sommes theron ten fe he slat rode Sarees Spoons ‘tao matin be depos re Tino mpeieectana Eee mate msgten qntbernteras Se Ssoees saree eaten: EioStiestovbetiliecucrerene cS nme ood te es eerie ren ncn ae oman ee on ean eens ‘omc reason he CVD yt! GgW2) aoe Sees Teeth eee feted ates tr Soe eng age Shiee aon Sa eis eteigrlediaeles mind onen ct con acy asl ory OBS) ‘taal SFC nt Sted peronne i rn wi io 00 {hoses deposition wi SC oar ‘natin of cic nus oa scons Se obowng cone ste ac, as40, sso, 28 a ‘ ieee on aoe eines geierecientnt einer manie gaan {OW an se secs cg Shbesenrante Boma tgs ol be Susetnteranaamnd EE ney rte pe pebsmt es ote eke ven ase are Res Smoneas ICT fe, Sine pls ead ra ta ety cent i Deen Sica Rotohs lee pu “ow fc EsCvDaoa ro owoner meng Reece ocean ‘mate fon Spey ano, Sigt-ryea sca cuted ef {8 ofa hrm saree sa fr Seeetil Ton no Sone con tp cons te ean gerne ep odie fe sen Ege ibigoatie Rc wae rieguctnpueievew oe rae Gyan, Decntae ie eee nee iancesiiatee cee formant (5-17. sion me el ooo iuniowanares arty ering the ed era in 0 Stine ing be owe ht in he nec are to Jow al the growth Siiireoeeas Sreermernan tae i eo amet ome reo Seeareetoce Sehcceocemant mncitoorans Siero cae eda mes eon pecieeseeees piaeeones Sraesess Bas aaa root Sc misc mest Siemens cae iSicoceeerees SiSrronresst Eoeaee ima: meatal ornate Saasreyes ep my seins ease rents Scieesiecareste suri 24 the peter kept low (general Eoin anima sotaneoreeatret Sees Esciraesenmiarieae irae sarees Sioctaseneaaleees se cuecieete rea Bevan wepepoxnosn2! Pete page ee cceoerseeee seg cirri ampere Btewiesticeetee Taree sonra urn {Stopes scp pllr dg Fecal tng td resus ae ‘lee cute must be separa by 0 grape Eee The dame co om. Sed opel pe ep CCD ca ‘at Satie rae very pce Ave bess econ fing eh ruse coi ‘Sia ma wat peti lee {8 pct" gmt cota me se ish Sermon sopra, ie of te ye Zeenat teaemteies ewes Ie ort cect Wirzpeteerns tence aston ‘ema vaumenur a my cost ‘rece phrme concertos nent tee ee ge ah), Boren we occa en opment anal ESipeacasnrzShingedyalcspapeyeaisicas Eoceeance scioeaeeser Seeman ‘Sita be drogen been gone” ‘nove ing the mow ong in oo Pee ‘Slepuldoreweiecacnayraies @ kcoee receipes stint miieepieoeenee Seer Siew oes eee oer Penance Pil rhe dmg seeeceete ee Shots arta acces comeieteniire ae Eves cuirainrnacets hvaaaie ete Sepsis ate reat cae eae Eee Saocr aes eee ares RvoaenieaS cneecpt ment eee Sener ieetecoro wens Coenen eae eames Sonctwasoe: Eames Saymeeeeres Ecegehlomanayeste meee dera SEeeei es mses cet el gees ne Sed ny er re ts cence ae Perea tenta| serait moment eee rn aoe aS ee oo ee ara Sf Suoereers poaicerenere oe ieahee ‘SS pots renee tae Safi enn nd Soeur ant eee a eee =e a Sueeee ve pia Tareas ‘efinllyeting met eause of he all at ume Th ig a ep esr cly tow emtenrhe Se) an depend ont ye ee Sey co spore oe Ise poh hsm cage mee Se a ep cen ‘Seoercommouey dag cya owt. Sewers socmraseshuae Enis reams ene a toeserrertnae Sa e Se Sg ets sieeemeeaeeee Hooreee ee See are soi aiemsenebestes pee Codivons similar w tose ding FZ Se So conimouy wi ces ESTES ene et wih mck ibe eee tes rt Ths ig ‘may rough is bea the ume ne melts soc fre ee abe plte tne ee ws ang ys pow, ung ig e-Sowa in ng ZS nla sco ve ee stron ate wed fro ene seta fe Son a nd er lk = ‘ote ‘ex, uated, and waly uncom, Ta Seater tion te ry! would x" | Down Tee ene rind tap fol GisooesTenie wa rodecee mags eld ccl-igu nr tain Tend te pera somone gC me wid epee col ‘por oe sel ito cab co ‘at Flows. Coan olame mes ate te ‘epee Onstatmmbe Or Modibing ffl MetfwsineCzsi Eiav bis paket ten med fe re 5 te carn tv ‘hen yet fly deve {belie tema guns eter of ere Rocothcan te moved versely aj the ‘Sepa aera ga ‘x te eure oe “Ging wibedopenns on? ana te SP dw the dee rng cyl poh, To ore es nt there taal mt he eevee ey rcs oe eal a ‘Peart son el peat ee ruSeen Seneca orieeereeree Nase Tranamation Doping In ot ose cope he pete ot ae sini i enn ‘ete png TD). Thon, canbe emtormee oP babe “34 or dininc tops be ce, eu tte eat ee potty car parr ConsquntyeP es go fel smaon etd ery ebopemoy cece, 48424 Wafer Manufacture te hy arom sone selperecy eis td ont at oe Fred noni exe Se ah at ‘Se sophie yt play Thee ‘aap ns of ate (one. ‘Sire eno te ee ‘Stee pal he eal tad sal ‘uot eal dat Teo be sot worm ty non dane Seana wes ten pie ‘all conan sei Pat lec or bes wit eed aa Eeectons (ee (00, (0) G1) a ‘Ded io he ne Awe pt, he [Spee we polskie entre eng ‘meen oreace mle Seapon See Sik orwih «wed ie of SinL neta Someta ca Shee ce Saran ae Saree Sac cao Sa era vente ty tee Eee eer eccimie me Soceemetes: nk ts ioc Tiecteattacece oh aly reece hin of eee eee ett SS eees eee ad meee he eaaenrs coe eo ey wcrse tao Hobie Soa SME, Sicy ewer eto Side Sorter sce ee ‘pon ie ora xr of nes wi ily ea coramecee aoe ieee coca es ores eed SoS aes SS Sa Sees See Sepiersiccirtng teow eto r ows ae atte of pres jen aie 48425 Rpt sey 5 cogil ated ral nsw The ows of eps ‘ier hgeray beri etary ch ‘Se Sc yen dee Stes hee pany 20) nn en eg, Suma vgs een ‘pies (9) ais, ho. ‘tpl ic ies wh ches (ea nge-spa aie eee 9 ‘ter eye dit a Sitemare neediness, ‘pi via Sern pares sl ete Extn perfomedbomes tr aim. ‘ecurac oer png nd rar eeesmanficig) ston eal ac fer ‘aed wale arg device mustang. Ino cae ot aie deposed, In aoe ce oe wit yes ef ‘ies kos yout re Segoe Te en geal Swi ee fpr oy 96 Teil inf a ic {epson ua forte potion te fy rerio oid ott ‘oth sie omer ye 0 "Sutin alover porte an re re ‘Su conte Epil Gposne pte ‘ion ye bene lyin ar hoon Tae chara Sie Sly ond ‘Sige, ae wed maw fmpeniy otc source wi barges asa ecing Tae ‘renin eacion ae Seige atHy Syst Sy Hy og 1K an epi sion Iyer [Bow at sou 5 nfm abe 3 ges ‘pm gow mfr ars sane ad ‘enpeatew (9) “ert oe See uterine Pe aan peowrly applied to remove inperdes from opr ae cies een eT Reehore ice eet ‘Set eens ene eee ceed ae eee emorassrs eae ae sles (Sheetal sone pieces 48426 Characterization oes stoma rere Sea Signe iateeeentaec oe = cee ene pant ecrine rite rn shoe ity pectin ce *oemteren ren sooo com 2 one i enc ner a ee oocae smears Stimacmeie pines Savarese ae aie ‘ace photoolage method) Smear heat Sas ra San denn ec Sertesrarmeearet Sivasthcoremet Faiensetiren renee ti eat Seecahecmara ces ot at ot oe Thies sat, and ames by Ge Semen 01K) ERS SISE ae emits romana zw a (seeteton ny Fema ‘Hace coi plane Auger decrn 4843 Solar Son Re wen feeee typ ue nee eon ec ei al plates team caper on Song on efecto cum aon (Gleaner uae ow ‘setosrlgnoxypncoome(e IS em) "ne ae of erst hte oa eth Oe peat pin Wo inal ‘SS ae sal ra apo pti ‘ees he inapmant fo ped ‘lomo ec eso pisos fr oohie ad us Aiea eee AL pre, bat 905 of he molec et [eee on wt 30% fom eae ‘ang oo ae ciaacten O% from mea cre (ete oe acini fe) Trlr ee etopenae tee ecg so te poecin fh tty acon of moder low pe bgrticoney son ent ie ary al cymal gy of the melt be fect preted sta noah inch ‘seh et The oa [Sarees whe te mero ‘shi on nn ra st ai 190 (3). Pa yeas ee ea) woe SS ears) act ate Gece ote ne Mey ‘olive of CVD ply sen is Ictetin aces shad Tands437 anwar poised of wach THD a ‘Sond et poco acon Stee 0 «ori psa a le ‘Sisal deve fora peso (tele CZamd ates pecs San ent pepe ots 99, Sih 3s re sy anne ISe vy met eco fr et Soret i or prema wine Sos eroalseenoe ees Site tammes Seep peared pierre meee [apomecee Seco genres Sneed op Once Siterouarocet Sonletoge ene ae Sees SULersiyenioe ( | | ay pine dys des vig ‘Side oe Sette ey tae oe Sato. Te cj son ee {Eos sure ina te ved i Sesertecgnesmoecmncem “Kye th ny of PV ides nts on nacsyatie aon rehes antl on) 80 in ten oben teins 3 rodent Tet Cyto, Sere mets sus poste mieyraine con 1 engin eed epitendon Areca pog vi niomereine ‘nasa hen wien 2 kn td on a Oe ae 2. ekg ix cre, casing mate ins oolegmpse 4. Quotes meting i dang Ser tog weal cls eme Scrat open se boon ee any 4 Qusicouimoes cing tamugh ot tc page sper ges @ od 1 ed fe ata) lies pod eran sect ing ws vey Sw eytllann bat ‘eg ou cous ruse a sly Mato G) i he mos coe (ee ol) sles pot ent ty Mes) an) tht ae Sec wish mrs rae (08 meseoves l uo poonctett ey eines “he eg mu be cto i sens (230 md fo ting oa Ga Speman nner acre ge ‘Eiijee gery wet ower mae ‘Seeing we S019) 0 pang oe‘idap cu be we recs ‘Sct eno eo toca arate Ei sat ee ne Sah ig ted ‘chan owe fSetsens of tues eta sy, Soe tak ee? Er Parner oe ec Se ctpiaty Lb de die es ‘Struc fry gow le ig Senta tee ed ‘Ee syae fr ‘ee Ss ee es spot teeis mcr pty an Salerno “con rng ee ah ‘Sty ot eens nd pin Bonnar te ate dry Th Ne fet npn at Sowamemactimre ger 442 td 8.21 gv campo yale son st or My ‘Serpette oy mh ma Sees, 48432 Amorphous Silicon arenas se ae caasims Seeeceetias omar ‘Set Bec ey ania open Ssan eke Seletesiee ee (Go de023) The subleed efiiny of Sau eran mie Se ee ee Eisen s hacia 485 Compounds cate eget ey ‘Seon poten A teenies Beowthof migrassaner Face oer ie Soecseeees pees ectae Sse tn one ak Sw poco Seeger ble Sea Saas a Saas For ree Sooo Sere Bese ec Eeea eis ES sirecree see ooee eg eee aces onan Seiavicagemas res See esr tf vee ple fr bom che ar well ba soni po ong cag (pen ee Sn cil fer cieson ol hee ie ne ‘i Souan somos nod scans ‘scan one an ae a ‘pean acne scm es Dn {Spc o ied dang prec ‘pemmaniyn npr 4851 Uydrides ecient wang wh teen fm ea The fa re Ione atthe honlogs seee Ss ‘enon inte pe se (es). bee Beso “Sm seoneos ‘ge snes desma a owe eeig iy concn rate i ie soy po ser’ Oruln some ree ted so of ns Samtoamanrrts Grecdia mune hi torea Sepa igr ger Spgeseomeaagee a sem i yee ‘ey itAmmoniom bone tas ah Sea ea nd ‘Be unending aie ‘ately pet om ston Si wn amine hye nd iota oa Serruys, ENS aoc i ment nana peta Soo aa na serine ‘Sdvoin tame ie be Seeonem Oe coelonn mma ‘Side sod hyoper oo am lew Seton ston ay ea Sess Soca jeares lowly Seming a hen costing oe ‘let endo) eter unt nr ese a iti amorte ties foe Yaa of hon as wi if ‘in pon cong a sos Cente soporiontion of ens se ean ‘cee fr he mee ‘reat dln, cpp fs Se ad ten aC a, 72 ose si es Sees eee caecum anats pein =e Seuccaeee? eee! careers Sees Sa =e ee = cst aaa Eee sasi2 Dla ee eee setts even os foe oe ae merce See oe Ea tele thao dro sindetegmeane sees Seeman aa ee SecdienS meus Ebanzeainss Somer Soest yi) 48513. Position aapare tobe ued or rodcton tt coterie tepid eiied cee nae Seana eres Sonee ite Setters Cesc mateo ae ink car pounds om etalon cnn te {20,280 SH, bajeer sen, ss i aor ean cons ‘he ce prs in ee ‘mesos, pane eal ‘Stim Een a ele de Sempre rr tee ge re Lnce en cio he ‘pate Sone oe mpaty st ‘cet ede 48514 Us PE Papen Mes of eae Se eee efit se eae: ee ‘Sula [3- Chmie!vapor desi Eaoemeioece eon sean ox aur we (4 Sanicesaces Se een eed ‘SE snd oases aces (Ba. Os te suite of weiton neta Sey nen a og ee485.15 Safety Measures Sinbad arecomtul he ower nei cy ae, a ‘Reson oxen i oe 3. ‘Sem ars» 705809 ae mae ‘2 ion dle momen oe ‘tom sees war # combust ‘tue or monenhee ear FoR Sit) he proc eterno, sede a hn doe sya aie acd ho Ie by wetiog mitre of cope a ine ‘wiser cata 3 485..6 Photochemistry Senet Sighs witce a ele er Sen gots e.aeaac aaa cae SS ssa oe ‘emia ioe wh msec ised og soe Seana ‘nebo cniewn emit Becta ‘otro corn 4652 Hades sere et eto Spoiecsss Spas Sesh Sarees ieoopecee cee aebat BagHee : 48521 Trichloroslane lows, BSC ap -194°C bp ses ccmestni eno tag ‘etna wit nye Gra eae ‘tet on anon com as at ‘tees donned by tae ihe Srininatiyaoes Preparation rom Elemental Sion Se ee j i cust {So Tacee meat seprmsicee esr ecru Sees Shee rs eeneeeeeeeeeres manna See eee bate for the mreficire of chlo. 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