M SERIES 153 | History Muhammad Ali 03101190027 History Class 6 to Class 8KALEEM SERIES 154 Histo, 6 Indus Valley Civilization 1D) VY History (4): Nistor the study of the important events of the past. Civilization (247): An advance society, in a specific area is called a Civilization, Indus valley (¢2-U9:): It means that arca which is irrigated by the Tiver-Indus and its tributary rivers. 4) In1922 AD archacological experts under the supervision of Sir John the ruins (<4) of two sites. 1) Moyen-Jo-Darro (eu The distance between the both above Sites about 720km, The following place show where the ruins of Indus Valley Civilization are found, 1) Moyen-Jo-Darro (s4sinir) 2) Harrapa (oleh) 3) Mehrgarh (ucet.if t 4) Rehman Dheri (7% 2yz4ule,) Muhammad Ali Stone- age (+084): the oldest civilization when tools and weapons are made from 0 BC. im Marshal excavate sib#iv) 2) Harrapa Were, ES) 6) 7 stones. This period was between 2.5 million to 2501 8) Bronze-age (l \i8=469): This is time when man bi metals. This period was between 2500 BC to 1 Tron-age (Aste9): After 1500 BG, iron West Asia. * 10) The Aryans came from the central Asia in 1500 BC. 11) Egyptian-civilization (if) developed near river Nile, 12) Mesopotamian (Leg): It is the old name Iraq. gan making tools and weapons from 500 BC. 9) Was used to make tools and weapons in South 13) Sumerian Civilization (SU): This was the oldest civilization of southern Iraq. 14) The people of Indus valley use for measuring Ivory (.-*»¥(}) and its smallest unit was “approximately 1.704 millimeter, 7 i 15) The mins (21,f) of Harrapa and Moyen-jo-Darro prove that the people of 5000 years! civilization were experts in architecture CFA). 16) The Indus valley civilization lived for about 1000 years, 17) The active period of Indus valley civilization w: s ‘as between 2S00BC to 1S00B¢ fy 18) The Indus valley people use.for transports is the bull cart, 3 19) The Indus vallev civilizatiancabEEM SERIES 158 pol jy The word “Aryan” meat History 6 Beautiful and Aur: ve people’, py According to Historian the origin of Aryan was central Asia (ids) and spread in Asia and Europe some other historian consider their origin is Tibet (27 and Himalaya regions (2h). myAccording to Evidence the origin of A ‘an is Bactrea (#4) in central Asia from where they came to Balkh (vss) and then spread in three directions. The first settled in Europe, the sccond went to Iran and third came to Indo-Pak through Khyber, khojak passes and Suleiman Mountain between 2000BC to 1500 BC. 23) The third group of Aryan which was settled in Indo-Pak is ealled Indus Aryan. 24) Aryans most of people of Indo-Pak made them slaves and called “Daas” (Uerub y»). 25) The early Vedic period of Aryan (4fSart-ab atin): In history of Indo-Pak Aryan period is that when Aryan living in the North West of it. irene (=~) 26)In Vedic period their sacred book “Rig-Veda” (4-1). 27) The basic unit of Aryan political system was a “family”. ' , AFamily ce [ atribe (52+ -— > Astate | 28) The head of the state of the Aryan is “Rajan” a word which later became “Raja”. 29) In Raja parliament had two chambers. 1) Samethi (6) 2) Sabbah (u-) 30) Samethi (G2): 31) Sabbah (i): The house for special persons like religious and influential persons is called Sabbah. 32) Carpenters (Wi) and blacksmiths (4) had a high respect in the Aryan society. 33) Barter trade (jbd-uZuh): Exchange. of product or things without money is called “barter wade" as the Aryans used to exehange things with cows. 34) The early generation of the Aryans believed in one God only. Later on they began worshipping sun, moof, fire, which were status of god. 35) Hinduism (2-12: Hinduism is the third largest religious after Islam and Cheistianity- ‘The followers are about one hundred million. , 36) In book Rig-Veu the land of Indus Aryans was called “Supta Sindu” (7°) which 3 Means the “land of seven river”. 7) The oldest book of the Hinduism is “Rig-Ved". 38) The worship place of Hindu is called Mandir (2+) temple. 39) Brahmans (o,): Superior in all caste. This is the most respectable caste. ei. fthe 40) Khashtei (674%; khashtri were responsible for government affairs and defiance ° country. The house of commons was called Samethi. 40 ) Wesh (U2): they were land farmer as well as businessmen. 42) Shooders (4#: this was the working class and considered to be lowest c23156 History, KALEEM SERIES Anon MY (2-4): ; budh (#4¢/) whose real name Wis $3) The founder of the Buddhism (24) was Gotam! Siddhartha (74e.-), He was born in 563BC. son of Raja Sidhodan (w#1-) of Kapalwastao (=f prine 44) Gotambudh (2475) was the of India. 45) Gotambudh married at the age of 16 year with princes named Yashudhra (17,4), 46) At the age of 38, Gothambudh founded a new religion which was named after him as Buddhism. | 47) Gothambudh died at the age of 80 years, in 483 BC. (ret 48) Mahaveer (i) is to be considered to be the founder of Jainism. 49) Mahavcer (9) was bom either in 599 BC or 615 BC in Wesali (Ji). 50) Mahaveer (za) father name is Sidharth is the raja of Wesali Tribe. 51) Mahaveer (:a/) died in S27BC or 468BC in Patna district of India. IGANGHARA Civiliz: 52) Gandhara was the name of a country which was situated in the North West of Pakistn and eastern part of Afghanistan. ~ 53) The important areas of Ghandara civilization were Peshawar valley, Potohar (Texila}, northern belt of river Kabul, 54) The golden period of the Gandhara civilization was between first century AD to 5" century AD, 55) The old name of Peshawar is Parashpura (,4u,). 56) The old name of Taxila is Tekhshashella (#2), 57) The old name of Charsadda is Pushkalawati Ge). Alexander's invasion ae 58) Alexander the great was born in a town of Macedonia (eo) state of Greece (utih* 356 BC. ~ 59) Father of Alexander “Phillip” was the ruler of Macedonia and was a very wise ™** 60) In 336 BC Alexander took over as a king of Macedonia. : ot 61) Alexander After conquering éran (uta), Egypt (~*), Tega (4 in (pe), im 4), Egypt (*), ’ 2), i all this in to his kingdom, = PRPeE Cs Rena (and Sa 62)In aa BC Alexander's crossed river Indus near Hund (Swabi) and captured Tas 63) On the bank of river Jhelum, Alexander had to fight with Flindw Raja Porus. in ~ 64) Alexander reached Babylon (Gi/-UH) where he died at the young age of 33 year157 KALEEM SERIES History 6 Aimiaclils li Trunel ie eneuslH Te) (227) andy uate’) Chander Gupt Maurya (z27=2{22) 65) The head of Maney y established government in Indo-Pak in J24BC. a whole of India miled: anti 300BC. Tey g7yashoke was one of the greatest Mauryan king, He was bor in 293 BC. 68) Ashoke Father Name was Bandusara (nes). 69) He took over asa king of India, in 273 BC. When he was only 20 year old. 70) Ashoke ruled India for 40 years and died in 232 BC. 7 (5) (chores) ina, 71) Kushan tribe was settled in North West Chi 72) A stronger tribe pushed them toward Bactrea (71) where they formed their government. 73) Kushan tribe first king was Kadfesis-I (v7), died in 78AD. 74) Kadfesis-L extended his rule up to Benaras (India). He died in 120AD. 75) Raja Kanishka (71) become third king. Kanishka include Kashmir, Gujrat, Malwa, Chines Turkistan and khotan into his kingdom. His capital was Purshapur (Peshawar). rhe Gupias dynasty (@20C:1550 C6) eta) 76) After the downfall Kushan dynasty the great India Kingd states each against the other. 77) In 320 AD a new dynasty took over which was 78) In Gupta period the literary personality is called called as “Indian Shakespeare” (gP'¥ut-s*). 79) Gupta period is considered to be Golden period for revi “monopoly” FE rer acorn) (744) . eat ‘The whole country was 80) Afier Gupta dynasty no stable rule existed for about 200 divided in to several small states. 81) One state was the thanasar (2). Harash brother was the king of this st 82) After the death of his brother, Raja Harash took over as a king at the age.o! 83) In Harash cra Qanuj was declared as the capital of India. 84) Raja Harash (606AD lo 647AD) was the last Hindu king. iom was divided into many small known as Gupta dynasty. “Kalidas” (ybJt) and European critics val of Hinduism and Brahmans tate. f 16 in 606 AD.KALEEM SERIES 158 History g 7) oe WAT cen estyd I Rajas hefare thy arrival ef the Muslims. 95) South Asia was tailed by’ pauls re Wali (governor) of fray ad eastern arcats of Islamic Png aj bin Yo , aot Sarai s:.) wag situated in the coast af Arubian Sea in Sindh, Thi, rbour of Deb et The chin tr ieee soon ean cs tunder the contol of Raja Dahir. The ship af the Muslin ws lonted fy 1, harhour of Debul. ‘Thousands ef men and women yer -) near the h governor of Iraq was informed of the incident, he sent, the Muslims captives’ immediately. Bul the Raja prisoners (i). When 1 1 Raja Dahir to rele reply was in negative. rss) $8) Muhammad Bin Qasim was the nephew (4) and son-in-law (:th) of Hajjaj-Bin Yousaf. His age was only 17, He was made commander in chief of the army sent from Iraq. to teach a lesson to Raja Dahir. The Muslim army consisted of 12000 soldiers and took Sea route toward Sindh. 89) Manjaneeq (’): It is a huge machine through this machine huge piece of stone could be thrown. And Hindu army lost courage and Muslim defeated them and Debul (J) was conquered. 90) After Conquered Debul Muhammad Bin Qasim built a large Masjid (“) in Debul. 91) After Conquered Debul Muhammad Bin Qasim traveled by side by side the Indus towards Nirunkot (v2) a city near today Haiderabad. He conquered it easily. 92) After Nirankot (“4ys,2) Muhammad bin Qasim crossed the river and went to Brahman Abad (:i7.“,), At this point the Raja Dahir army was waited and both armies clashed at Aror (411). Raja Dahir was defeated and killed, The whole Sindh came under Muslim rule after this battle. 93) Jaisingh (2) son of Raja Dahir came to take revenge but was defeated. And in 713 AD Multan came under rule of Muslim. 94) Muhammad bin Qasim spent three and half (Jive 23) year in Sindh. © 95) Sindh was called Bab-ul-dslam (ru-ui_t) due to the introduction of Islamic civilization. CEA) (577 wut) 96) Sultan Muhmood Gh (Afghanistan). znaivi father name was Subaktagin (ue) the king of Ghazn 97) In 997 AD Subaktagin dicd and his son Ismail sat on Xie Throne (=? But Mahmood defeated Ismail and became the king of Ghazni. . 98) Sultan Muhmood Ghaznavi was born in 971 AD at Ghazni and at the age of 27 he became a king, 99) The area of Kharasa and khwarzam came under the rule of Mahmood. 100) Sultan’ Mahmood Ghaznavi invaded (ts.477) India for 17 time during 1001 ADto 1026 AD.159 . History 6 Hubimoud attacked Raja ti | nd Unt Wn «dre! Amuhmood showed lenieney (v pal, on Bitanda ( Ih 1004 AD Mahmood attacked Bitanda. 4 103) Attack on Multan (17200): In 1005 AD Mahmood attacked Mu Fathe was deteated. 104) Attack on Hazro (1:7): Mahmood fought a battle with Raja Annand Pal at Haro. 105) Attack on Nagarkot (24); Mahmood atuicked Naggarkot (present day Kangra) 106) Second Attack on Annandpal (Viz 2 Jt 21): In 1010AT) Mahmood altacked Annandpal once gain Annandpal accepted a tribute to Mahmood. 107) Second Attack on Multan (1s w0): in 1000 AD-1010 Ad Mahmood once again attacked Mullan, This time the fort of Multan was captured and Abdul Fatheh was arrested, 108) Attack _on_Thani a thanisar. The Raja Fled after his defeat. 109) Attack on Baheempal (174%): In 1013AD Mahmood attacked him. Fighting took place near Jchlam. Baheem was defeated. 110) Attack on Kashmir (1 ,-”): Mahmood attacked Kashmir in 1015AD but without any real success. 111) Attack on Ganga’s Valley (7 20): In 1018AD-1019Ad Mahmood Attacked Ganga’s valley and occupied Mathra, Qanauj, Attawa and Meerut, an. Its Ruler Abdul During 1011AD-1012AD Mahmood over ran 112) Attack on Raja Raye-Nanda (47242424): In 1019 Mahmood attacked Raja Rai Nanda of Kalinjar and his army dispersed. 113) Oceupation of the Punjab (. 1021 AD and made Lahore as its 114) Gawalyar (d7z4i4}: In 1022AD Mahmood surrounded the famous fort of Gawalyar. However the Raja of Gawalyar made a peace agreement with Mahmood. ; 15) Attack on Kalinjar (7 z #4): In 1022 Ad Mahmood invaded Kalinjar, Its Raja Presented three humdred elephant and battle was avoided. 116) Attack on Somnath (lz et-r); In 1025 Mahmood had a successful attack on Somnath. There was a large Hindu Mandir, Mahmood arrived in Sommath via Maltan ad Ajmeer, from Ghazni. And at last Mahmood won the battle. 117) Attack on Hindu Jaats (17,076): On his way back from Somnath, Mehinaod was threatened by Hindu Jaats at the bank of the River Indus, ‘Therefore in 1026 AD. Mahmood attacked them and sank their boats into the Indus River, 4%); Mahmood took over the whole of Punjab in pital, Ayaz was appointed its Governor. 118) Mahmood Ghaznavi di April D at the age of 60 years. avi died on 30" April, 1030 AD at the age of 60 ye 119) After the death of Mehmood, the Ghaznavi dynasty remained in power up to 125 Years,KALEEM SERIES : 160 CNR CRE Me Lenw)) Cs ‘auth west of Kabul i eenme weak then Ghaur dynasty 120) Ghaur is the name 121) When the successors of Mehmood Ghaznavi initiated their rule from Ghaur and oceupied Ghazni, — 122) Ghiyas-d-Din appointed his younger brother Shahab-ud-din Ghauri as the ruler of naw Ghazni. 123) and Punjab came under his rule, 124) In 1179 AD Ghauri Took over Peshawar, 128) Mohammad Ghauri Attacked Tarayan (fi) but hi And after that altack the whole Sindh t attack of Ghauri on Multan in II75AD_ could not succeed in his first attempt. 126) In 1192 the second attempt he c 127) Ghauri established Delhi as his onquered Tarayan, capital and appointed his slave Qutab-ud-Din Aibak as his deputy (). 128) In 1194AD, he included Qanauj and Benaras into his kingdom. 129) _Ghauri died in 1206AD. (chibi se) Outab-ud-din Aibak 130) This dynasty began in India with the rule of Qutab-ud-din Aibak. As he was a slave of Mohammad Ghauri, this Dynasty is known as Slave Dynasty. 131) With the rule of Qutab-ud-din Aibak, in 1206 AD a regular series of Muslim rulers began. These rulers are called Salateen-e-Delhi. 132) Every king who occupied the throne (=) of Delhi used to adopt the title (.-#) of Sultan (vt). Their kingdom was known as “Sultanate”. And remain until 1826 AD. 133) Mohammmad Ghauri had na children but He had slaves who were very dear to him. . One of them was Qutab-ud-din Aibak. 334) Aibak ruled for four years between 1206AD and 1210AD. 135) Aibak fell from his horse when he was playing Polo, and died in November 1210 AD. His tomb is situated at Anarkali Bazar, Lahore- o 136) After Qutab-ud-din Aibak, Sultan Shamsuddin Mtitmish (7izer” etl) was chosen as sultan in 1211AD. 137) Sultan Shamsuddin Mtitmish (J7ez.i7* v8) was an Albart Turk, 138) Sultan Shamsuddin IItitmish father name was Belum Khan (#4). 139) Sultan Shamsuddin Mtitmish step brother bought him in Bokhara. After some time Qutab-ud-din bought him, And he was also married to Aibak’s Daughter. 140) Sultan Shamsuddin Iititmish died on April 29", 1236 AD in Delhi,KALEEM SERIES 161 History 6 Razia Sultana Sultana was the daughter of Ititmish. She was born in 1205AD. wy ® 142) She riled Delhi from 1236AD to 1240AD. Razia Sultan was the first ever female ruéer in Islamic and Turk history. 143) Razia killed by Hindu robbers in 1240AD. 144) [suitan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood (1246AD-1266AD) (Cgea gag) 145) Sultan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood was the son of iltitmish. 146) Sultan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood was the Governor of Bengal. 147) Sultan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood father gave to his son Title “Malik-ul-Sharq”. 148) After 20 years of rule Sultan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood died in1266 AD. bani (1266A1D-3286AD | Caeaieeegeraa) sultan Ghaiyas-Ud-Din B: sultan Ghaiyas-Ud-Din Balban 149) After the death of Sultan Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmood, Si took over as a king in 1266 AD. 150) Balban was born in a Turk Fam 151) After many times he sold at last Aibak. 152) Ghaiyas-Ud-Din Balban died in nily in 1200AD. | Iltimash bought him on order from Qutab-ud-Din 4286 AD at the age 86 years.KALEEM SERIES 162 History ¢ Sere e ee rau LeU Meee 153) Sultan Jala-ac-din Feroz Shah Khialji v was the founder of Khalji : ah Khalji real name was Feroz Shah 184) Sultan Jalal-ud-din Feroz Shahi Khalji real name was 1s Sultan Jatal-ud-din Feroz Shah Khaéji ruled India from 1290 to 1296AD, SELLER UC HITT) (fur seu 136) Alla-ud-din was a nephew of Jalal-ud-din, He killed his uncle and became a king himself in 1296 AD. 137) His period of rule is from 1296 to [316, j 158) During Alla-ud-din period Mangols invaded (txs4i14) Dethi at least six times betweey 1296 to 1305Ad. But each time they were repulsed, 4 BUST CELE VU] Jett iewtL) s the first Hindastani king of Det); and he 159) Ghazi Malik was appointed the Govemor of Punjab in 1305, 160) Alla-ud-din sent Malik Kafoor to Dakkan in 1306. 161) Malik Kafoor defeated Ramehandar C41), the ruler of Deevgeer (£4), whose: daughter was married to Khizar Khan, son of Alla-ud-din 162) Alla-ud-din banned aleoholic-drink. 163) __Alla-ud-din died in 1316 AD and with hig death Khalji dynasty declined, MTS nee eo CSET (ust ey sy 164) Mubarak Shah was the son of Alla-ud-din khalji. ; 165) Quiab-ud-Din Mubarak Shah Khilji is third and the last king of Khalji dynasty, 166) Qutab-ud-Din Mubarak Shah Xhilji took over in1316AD, —- 167) Khosro khan is the Governor of Delh Khosro khan killed Mubarak Shah in 1320. 168) With the death of Mubarak Shah khalji dynasty ended in India, e het nee Me Cee (Przaneyy 4 169) After the death of Mubarak Shah a new. Muslim Khosro took over asa Promoted Hindus to High offices, 170} The Governor of Deepalpur Cid») Malik Ghazi kitled Khosro and became the king. 171) He was from Turk fumily called Tughihtuk. 172) Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlug rule only five years, 173) During 1325AD Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlug retum from Bengal. Prince Juna amranget! his reception. A big tent fell down over him vad he died on the spot, along with his /ounger son. IEE ET Le ea eng CELEB EEN) (5 uct uuty : 174 Afier the death of his fathe Gh id-din Tughluk his son prinee Juna Khan becom’ ‘ *_ the king under the name of Muhmmad-bin-Tughtuk. 475) Juna khan was born in1290AD. And died 1351 AD at Thatta (Sindh).. ye Histo 176) Feroz 177) Ferer 178) Fez 179) Feroz 180) Feroz Shah died at the aye of 80, in 13 NTT TAIN URS (bz cl) s born in 1336 AD in town situated near the city of Subz (7) 8 AD. After a rule of 37 years. 181) Ameer Taimoor w which is fifty miles away from Samarkand (4/). 182) Ameer Taimoor fither was a turk, while his Mother was Mangol. 183) _ In 1369 he taok over as a Chughtace Tribe (-14u%/2) Chief. 184) He occupied Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan initially. 188) In 1398-1399 AD Taimoor Invaded India and Captured Multan, Delhi and many other places. Dyna wists, 186) After Taimoor left India, he made Khizér Khan as the Governor of Lahore, Dipalpur, and Multan. . 187) He occupied Delhi and became a king in 1414AD. 188) He was a Sayyed therefore his dynasty is called Saadat Dynasty (e452). 189) He died in 1421 AD. : EEN 190) Lodhi was a wealthy Afghan family. 191) Islam Khan was the Governor of Sarhind, After his death Bahlol Lodhi (His nephew) was appointed the Governor of Sarhind. _ 192) Bahlol Lodhi ruled for 38 years and died in 1488 AD. 193) There are three Sultans in Lodhi Dynasty Bahlol Lodhi, Sikandar Lodhi, and Ibrahim Lodhi niled India. . 194) Asa whole the Lodhi dynasty remained in power for 75 years (1451-1526AD). 198) Lodhi dynasty was ousted by the Maghal King Babar in 1526 AD. : I 196) Aller Bahlol Lodhi, his son Nizam Khan Sikandar Shati took over under the name of Sikandar Lodhi in 1489AD. . 197) Sikandar was a poet with his pen name “Gul-Rukh”. 198) Sikandar made Persian as official language of India. 199) Sikandar founded the city of Aagra in 1504. 200) Sikandar Lodhi died in1517 AD and was buried in Lodhi Gardens, Delhi.KALEEM SERIES 164 History 6 201) After the death of Sikandar Lodhi, his son brahim Lodhi took over as a king. 202) Daulat khan Lodhi hind some difference, with Ibrahim Lodhi, therefore Doulat Khan invited the king of Afghanistan, Babar to invade India in 1526 AD. 203) Tn 1S26AD the famous war “the first war of Panipat” was fought between Babar and Ibrahim Lodhi, in which Lodhi was defeated and killed. 204) Babar founded the famous Moghal dynasty in India, in 1526. 20S) The Moghal dynasty remained in power until 1857AD which was defeated by the British. independent Principalitics (States) (aqua) 206) Bengal (Je): Bengal is a far from Delhi. Therefore, Delhi had a very little control over it, After the death of Muhmmad-Bin-Tughluk Bengal aeclared its independent from Delhi. 207) Jaunpoor (42): Jaunpoor was founded by Feroz Shah in 1360AD. During the period of Mohmmad-bin-Tughluk, Khwaja . Jehan Malik Sarwar declared his independence from Delhi. 208) Malwa (v4): Malwa was annexed to Delhi by Allaudin Khalji, in 1305. But in 1401 Dilawar Khan Ghauri decleared his independence. 209) Gujraat (£14): In 1401AD a Rajput governor Zafar Khan Muzafar Shah decleared his independence, 210) Bahmani_(i4): During the rule of Mohmmad-bin-Tughluk, Hassan declared his independence. Bahmani rule remained for 200 years. 211) Khandesh ()u%): Feroz shah handed over this state to Malik Raja, inI370AD. In 160] AD Moghal king akbar re-captured it and anaexed it to Delhi. 212) Kashmir (24: Kashmir always remained under the Muslim rule, Moghal king Akbar re-captured Kashmir in 1586 AD, 213) Wijya Nagar Fieiyi This state was founded by Hindus in 1336 AD. This state was 9 centre of arts, culture and music.KALEEM SERIES _Uistory 6 TOE) ism (Sufism) entered Islam during seventh century (AD) Rah pret Te) bLWelltslulehde) (LAGI The idea of Myst nd s nig) “sufi” (G27) is the word of Arabic means “Uoon™ (unl), die) There are several Sufi orders in Islam with small differences, ‘The following four ‘orders are the most popular among Maslims of the world 317) Nagshbandia order (Lh 247%): lis founder was Baha-ud-Din Nagshbandi (v2 er4uy). Baqi it in India, The important personality of this order is Ahmad Sir-Tlindi almaroof Mujadid- alf-Sani, Shah Wali Ullah, 218) Chishtiya order (2%): Its founder Khwaja Abu Abdaal Chishti (Fiat 203), In Indo-Pak Khwaja Mocen-ud-Din Chishti, Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Chishti, and Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Chishti are the famous Sufis. 29) Qadariva order (+525): This Sufi order founded by Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jailani of Baghdad. In the Southern India this Sufi order is very popular. The famous poet Allama Iqbal was associated with this order. 220) Soharwardiya order (14°): This Sufi order was introduce by Shahab-wd-Din Soharwardi of Baghdad. Baha-ud-Din introduced this Sufi order in Indo-Pak, WRN re ene nmnencerin oui (cpeserasan) 221) Hajwairy was born in 1009 AD in Ghazni. 222) His father was Syed Usman whose family is traced back to Caliph Hazrat Usman. 223) His Title is “Data Ganj Bakhsh”. Khwaja Mocen-ud-Din Chishtik (gee ltaiea) . 224) @Xhwaja Mocen-ud-Din Hassan was the son of Ghiyas-ud-Din Hassan. 225) His family is traced back to Caliph Iazrat All. 226) Khwaja Moeen-ud-Din died in 1230 AD. And his Tomb in Ajmeer Sharif (India). Pitman C0) 227) Fareed-ud-Din was born in Pakpathan in 1173 AD. 228) His real name was Fareed-ud-din masood and title “Shakarganj”. 229) His father was Qazi Jalal-ud-Din Suleman. 230) He learnt by heart the Holy Quran only at the age of 1 y; 231) Fareed died in 1265 AD and he is buried at Pak Patan. 232) He was the first poct of Punjab. LE SUPA OA) (27x) / n of Kamal-ud-Din and belong to the sub tribe of 233) Baha-ud-Din Zakariya was the sor Quresh. 234) His family migrated to Multan in 2nd Hijri. 235) He learnt Quraan by heart at the age of 7 year. 236) Baha-ud-Din died in 1263 AD and was buried in Multan. This Sufi order is speared all over the Muslim world. aah (210) introduces 1S.KALEEM SERIES 166 History IRSA etn (42 AU) Lal Shahbaz was born in Marwand (Afghanistan) in 1177AD. His real name was Syed Usman. 239) His father name was Syed Kabir. 240) His family is traced traced back to Imam Jaafar Sidiq. 241) He was strongly in favour of Hindu Muslim Unity. 242) Shahbaz died in 1274 AD at Sehwan Sharif. 37) EB (Ustef alls) Nizam-ud-Din real Name was Syed Muhammad. 244) Nizam-ud-Din was born in 1234 AD. 245) His father name was Syed Ahmad. 246) He belonged to a Syed family of Bukhara, 247) Nizam-ud-Din Awliya died in 1315AD and buried in Delhi.XALEEM SERIES 167 History History C Zant Babur's father was from Taimur’s family, a turk who was from Tatar dynasty. Babur’s mother was from Changiz khan’s family who was a Mongol. Babur was very proud of being a Turk, He has mentioned it in his biography ‘Tuzk-i-Babri’. Babur was born on 14” February, 1483 at Farghana (-¢/). And Farghana is a valley in Uzbekistan. Babur father name was Umer Shiekh Mirza, who was the ruler of small state of Farghana, Babur was only 12 when his father died. In 1504 Babur attacked Kabul and conquered it. On the invitation of ruler of Punjab, Daulat khan Lodhi, Babur invaded (Ji-z) India and after a decisive battle (Gif 13) defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat on 21" April, 1526. Ibrahim Lodhi was killed at Panipat on 21" April, 1526 battle. Y After defeating Rajputs in Khanwaha (-¢#), Babur conquered Chindiri (42) in 1528 and Ghagara (/U}} in 1529 and that battle were fought between Babur and Afghans. ~ ¥ The ruler of Mewar (Ji) state was Rana Sangha (Sangram Singh) who also invited Babur to Auack India, Babur niled India for 4 vear. Babur Died at the age of 47 on 26" December 1530. ‘Mughal is the modified form of the word Mangol, which is why Babur and his descendants were called Mughal. s888 SA88 < vA8 Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun was born on March, 1508 in Kabul. Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun father name was Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur. Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun was the elder son of Babur. Humayun ascended the throne (t=) in Agra (1) in December 1530. Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Surf in the battles of Chaunsa (-g) in 1539 and Qanau{ 1539. Y Dur During that time Humayun to tke refuge (G4t,) in Iran. CNN AS 7 Humayun re-occupied the throne in Delhi for the 2"! time after 15 year exiled life (sie at). ” He slipped from the statrs af his Mbrary and died in 1556,KALEEM SERIES 168 History 7 sr Shah Suri's rist PRINT CLIO RA LA ae occu edit Sher Shah Suri grandfather name was Lbrahim Surt, And basically from Affe ne of Sher Shah Suri was Farid Khan. Shah Suri was bor in Behar (Schsram - ci) in 1486, san khan and he was the Landlord (4/4) of Sehstam, Sher Shah Suri father name was: During the hunting (2) with the rulers of Behar he killed 2 tion and got the ttle of Sher Khan, ¥ When he defeated Humayun and became the ruler of India he assumed the title of Sher Shah Suri, SARK RAK KAR x SVAN Sher Shah Suri miled India for only S year. During the five year he conquered Malwa. Sindh, Marwar and Mewar. Raja k ah of Katinjer (9) refused to accept the authority of Sher Shah. So Sher Shah attacked Kalanjer in 1545 and conquered. Sher Shah Suri died on 22" May, 1545. ‘Afier Sher Shah Suri death his son Jalal Khan known as Islam Shah became the ruler. Islam Shah carried his father work in his 8 vears rule (1545-1553). “After Islam Shah Death the chieftain (4) from Suri family Adil Shah ascended to the throne but he was very lazy man. He hands over the power to minister Himu Bagal. Tn 1555 Humayun again captured Indien and the Suri Dynasty ended. And the Mughal Dynasty starts again. Pet SUI Ou UL EIA IEC lo ay Akbar was born on 15" October, 1542 in Amarkot (Sindh). In 1955 Humayun again captured Agra and Dehli. Bairam khan was appointed as Ataleeq (tutor) of Akbar. When Akbar was 13 vears old, Humayun died, When Akbar ascended the throne in 1856. Akbar is considered the true founder of the Mughal Empire. For the administration purpose Akbar divided the country into 15 provinces. The advisor of Akbar was called “Naurathan” (7.3). Akbar divided his Empire into the following departments. 1) Mir Bakhsh (2:toe(Fa-l>u#'F 4) 2) Divan (JA) 3) Qazi-ul-Quzzat (J) 4) Mir Aatish (20.4) 5) Khan-i-Saman (ui FH2450 AF) 6) Darogha-i-Dak (SbaileLiy) 7) Sobidar (/b¥1*) Akbar two song Murad and Danial Died in their youth. Afler ruling India for 50 years with dignity, he di in Agra, He is buried in Sikandatlt Noor-ud-Din Noor-ud-Din Mol wir was (he elder son of the Empire Akbar. Novr-ud-Din Mohammad Jehangir was bor in L Noor-ud-Din Mohammad Jehangir mother was Rajput, Noor-ud-Din Mohammad Jehangir reul name was Mohammad Sultan Saleen. . After the death of his father (Akbar) Saleem ascended the throne under the title of Noor=0!-D# Mohammad Jehangir Badshah Ghazi in 1605,169 tian ll The real name of Noor Jel aN Wits ghe was the daughter of Mi Faring the journey Noor fehan was born ¢ “atthe age of 17 Noor Jehan got marricd to Ali Kull Is her the death of Sher Afghan, Melr-n-Nisi got married to Jehangir. Inthe beginning che was titled Noor Mahal but later on her name was changed as Noor Jehan. She remained an active ruler from 16H to 1627. Her brother name was Asif. Sheis the inventor of Tttar-e-Gulab (Rose essence). Jehangir died in 1627, on the way back from Kashmir and was buried in shahdara (Lahore). ZAKS KN SNSSS Shah Jehan was the son of King Jehangir, His real name was Khurray i Shah Jehan was born in 1592 at Lahore. Shah Jehan married Arjumand Bano, the Daughter of Asif Khan. ‘Arjumand Bano known as Queen Mumtaz Mahal in the history. ‘After the death of Jehangir on 4" February 1628, Abdul-Muzafar Shahab-ud-Din Mohammad Shah Jehan ascended the throne with the name of Shah Jehan Badshah Ghazi, The reign of Shah Jehan is said to be the Golden Era of the Mughal Empire. Shh fehan was the king of 22 provinces. The total number of army was 440,000. Shah Jehan had fixed Wednesday for justice, Shah Jehan is called the king of architects. : “Taj Mahal is the most beautiful building of the Agra. This building is one of the seven. Wondi of the world. Taj Mahal was constructed in the memory of Mumtaz Mahal, on the river of Jumna- Taj Mahal was completed in 17 years. Y Shah Jehan had four sons, His elder son Dara Shiko was the govemor of Punjab, second Shuia of Bengal, Third Aurangzeb of Deccan and Fourth Murad was the governor of Gujrat. Shah Jehan became seriously ill in 1687, So he chooses Dara for ruling and Dara starts ruling as the name of Shehinshah. ° After some time a very brutal war was fought between brothers for ruling of country. ‘Aurangzeh defeated Dara and captured Agra and Imprisoned Shah Jehan. Where he died in 1666. KSARAA ASKS a4 ‘ Aurangzeb Alamgir was born on 24" October 1618 near the border arca of Daccan. . Be was appointed the governor of Dacenn in 1636. y nt he was also appointed the governor of Gujrat. ler being victorious in the war of succession Aurangzeb ascended the throne in Delhi by the _, Tame of Muhay-ud-Din Mohammad Aurangzeb Dads Ghz! in 1658, . Aurangzeb ‘Alamgir ruled India for about $0y and died on 21" Pebrury 1707 after Juma prayers, cording to his will, he was buried in Khulodabad near Dawlitabad in the grave-yard of Shiekk , Buchaneud-Din, ; ‘The famous book of Fiqah “Fatawa Alamgiri” was written in his supervision. + |Ss 170 History 7 KALEEM SERIE! Eo Lita 1 was the first Muslin ruler w' Med Use at lick rer eon) hho tried to reconcile (£1¢*) the differences between Muslim vA and Hid Jehan took over charge of the Government, he tried to cleanse the empire fram all ¥ When Shah Jehan mic belief and ereeds. Muslim calls him the defender monarch of Islam (1/127). unis The founder of Sikh religion was Baba Guru Nanak. Baba Guru Nanak was born in at Talwandi (Nankana) near Lahore in 1469 AD. Baba Guru Nanak had fo sons, Baba Guru Nanak passed his last in Kartarpur and di In 1882 Akbar introduced a new religion by the name of Din-i-ilahi. Din-i-ilahi was the combination of Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. Hazrat Mujadad Alif Sani Started Jihad against the new religion Hazrat Mujadad Alif Sani died in 1624 and was buried in his native land Khwaja Abdul Samad was a great painter of the in the Akbar period. Except Aurangzeb the entire Mughal king loved music. . Jugun Nath was a great musician in the reign of Shah Jehan. ‘The daughter of Babur, Gul Badan Beguum wrote “Humayun Nama”. The famous buildings of Babar are Jamiah Musjid and Kabul Bagh (Panipath). Ichangir took interest in gardens and painting. Shalimar Bagh Lahore and Nishat Bagh Kashmir are the monuments of his region. In history the name of Shah Jchan is called “the king of architecture”. . Mughals ruled India from 1526 to 1857. Babur wrote a magnificent history book by the name of “Tuzk-i-Baburi”. In the reign of Akbar, Abul Fazal wrote “Ain-i-Akbari” and “Akbar Nama”, In the reign of Akbar the number of provinces was 15. While in the reign of Aurangzeb the number reached to 21. The Daughter of Aurangzeb, Zeb-u-Nisa was a great poet. Mirza abdul Qadar Baidal was also the great poet in the reign of Alamgir. ied there in 1539 AD. ahi, Serhi SLNNNLA KLEE SANSSN QAgaLe SARS KK “v AN < s S < EM SERIES 171 he History 7 Pepsi! Caw aly was born itt Bu Bahadur SI After the death of Auranse! ne the King in 1707, The veal name of Bahadur Shah was Quithuddin M ad Muazann. but he riled the name of Bahadur, known by the name 0 Alu 64 years of age when he became the king, § and after defeating they reached Bahadur Shah w Bahadur SI ah Ww Bahadur Shah fought ‘171Zat the age of @. J Lahore, where he died in ainst th Jahandar Shah was bom in 161 ‘After the death of his father Bahadur Shah, Jahandar Shah became the king in 1712. Jahandar Shah was a weak king and all the authority gave to the minister Zulfigar khan. ‘When Farrukh Sayar ascended to the throne in 1713, he was 30 years of age. Farrukh Sayar was the grand-son of Bahdur Sh: Sayved Brothers, i.e. Sved Hussain Ali and Farrukh Sayar was a weak king, and got help of ed Abdullal . Syed brothers were all 0 Sayar and put him to death. ‘afer Killing Farrukh Sayar, the Syed Brothers made Raficu-Drafat as king in 1719. In. 1719 Syed Brothers dethroned (tu! : . PR uni cme Nea wae) Rafi-u-Daulah was the elder brother of Rafi-u-Daraist. He was also suffering from tuberculosis (Go7).” Rafi-u-Daulah ruled from June to September 1719 and died in the same year. Mohammad Shah (4); : Nasiy-ud-Din as a king of the title, ‘After the death of Rafi-u-Daulah, Sayyed brothers made prince Nasir-ue-Din ime conspiring against Farrukh Sayat. In 1719, they imprisoned Farrukh =e) him. Mohammad Shah wanted to get rid (247) from Syed brothers and at Ist ingae te eo eel ten MU LLM Coe Ahmad Shah ascended to the throne a Abmad Shih born in 1625 i When Ahimad Shah Abdali attacked India for the 2°” une In 1254. him. Ahmad Shah got vietory in that and conquered Pury ab, Ahmad Shah was dethroned (Ja) in 1754. fer the death of his father Mohammad Shah in 1748. ila. mad Shaki came out fo fight Aboi : History KALEEM SERIES 172 istory7 1 of Jehandar Shah, Aziz removed from throne, the Y- When Ahmad Shah was made the king Mamgir-T was a ath by Lin eb hae {hree sons Must a ; sarangzeb his alls ¢ interested in becoming king and fo zam, And then Kaam Bakhsh was also injured and arrested after eak niler. His relation was not good with minister Imada put tod Aun ¥ Afler the death of other, Azam Killed by Mu ante time died. © Now Prince Muazzam Bahdur Shall, ascended the tone by the tite of Shah tum, Y Hussain Ali and Abdullah were very famous for the used the Mughal King as a puppets. During Mohammad shah period his mother to suggested to his son for ignoring the sugestion of Sayyed brothers. And appointed General Mulk to destroy the influence of sayyed bros, He was the ruler of Iran. Near Delhi the Mu: army fought against him, but face defeated. ¥ Nadir Shah is also known by the name of Nadir Quli Baig. Due to his intelligence some historians call him “Napoleon of fran" and some call him “Alexander IT”, He became the king of-Iran in 173 Kalhorra is a Sindhi tribe, They were basically from Arab. Amir Fateh Ullah Abbasi is considered the real founderof Kalhorra family, Amir Fateh Ullah founded kalhorra dynasty in Sindh, and ruled over Sindh from 1701 to 1782, Amit Fateh Ullah Abbasi government was abolished by Amir Fateh Ali khan Talpur in 1782. Talpur is a tribe living in Punjab and Sindh, The Talpur dynasty was abolished by General Charles James Napier of East India Company in the battle of Miani In 1843. After the death of Aurangzeb, Ali Wardi Khan, After the death of Ali Wardi Khan, Siraj-ud-Daulah became the ruler of Bengal in 1786, He was against the British. So British made the nephew of Siraj-ud-Daulah, . Siraj-ud-Daulah in Plassey, Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated in the battle ancl After the death of Mir.Jafar khan the British became the ruler of Beny ual, ’ pal. Qudh was a fertile province of the Mugh npire, At that time of Mohammad Shah was the tuler of Oudh, Nawab Sadaat Ali announced independence. The capital of Oudh was Lucknow, which was important for East Indi: Durposes. ¥ Nawab Wajid All become the ruler but didn't control Oudh, Britis! occupied Lucknow. In sixteenth century the European nations set out towards India. In 1498, Vasco Da Gatha discovered the Indian sea route, The inhabitants of Holland are called Dutch, Siraj-ud-Dautah was killed by Mir Jafar son Mirran. Bengal emerged as a new Independent state under the leadership of MirJafar khan asa tool and fought against Mir.Jafar khan appointed the Gavernor of Bengt ia Company tor military used the opportunity,KALEDM SERIES i713 a4 KSSNNRAASN RSNA ESS History 7 fo eee Ace enon) The real name h Wall Ullah was Shah Quthuddin Ahmad shah Wali Ullah was born jn the house of religions scholar com at Dethi in 703 ah Wali Ullah memorized iby heart al the ape af seven years Ta this time Mughal King Mob busy in ux sneited Almmad shalt through Hyderabad Deccan Nawab Najech-ud-Dauh Ahmad the confident Commuandler-in-Chief af Iranian nabilities (illed Nadir Shah due to his cruelty in 1747, Daring the killing of Nadir Shah, Alum ed his own yovernment in Qandahar. Ahmad Shah Al remained king of Afghanistan from 1747 to 1773, “Abmad Shaly Abdali lai \d the foundation of the independent state of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Abdali started attacked on India from 1748. During the fifth Attacks on India, Ahmad Shab Abdali defeated the Marhathas at panipat in 1761 and conquered Dethi, 1n 1764, the Battle of Buyer was fought between East India Company and the allied forces of Nawabs of Bengal, Oudh and Shah Alum-Il, in Buxar, a region of Behar near Ganges. The British got victory in that war, Afier the death Shah AlumeUI his son Alebar-II became the ruler, But he was a king only hy name, The real power and authority were with the East India Company. Bahadur Shah Zafar became the king after the death of his father Akbar-I] in 1837 During his reign, The British established their cule all over India. In September 1857, he surrounded to HudSon. Bahadur Shah Zaffar was exiled on charges of teeason and sent to Rangoon, The Mughal Empire founded by Babur in 1526, came to an end in 1857. After the defeat of Muslims and Bahadur Shah Zaffar in the war of independence, the British started ruling directly. In Punjab Sikh kingdom was founded by Ranjit Sing with the help of Punjabi army. Ranjit Sing ruled Punjab from 1801 ta 1849. Ranjit Sing was crowned in 1801. So Shah Wa for attacked on India. Ullah Ranjit Sing was born in Gujranwala. ‘The British put an end to h kingdom in 1849. by Daud khan, . Daud khan reached India with other pukhtoon tribes in 1708, Ahmad Shah Abdali participated with 40,000 Puktoon solders in the 3° hattle of Panipat In the 17" century the Marhathas got a strong leader in the shape of Shivaji who established an Shivaj in 1689, ‘The first Battle of Mysore in 176R between the lider Ali avd British. ‘The sceand Buttle of Mysore in 1771 Iii ne with $0,000 army, but defeated by Haider Ali, Jn 1782, Sultan Hider Ali Died and his son Patel All (Tipo Sultan) b me the ruler of the state, Peeuea Bualtle of Mysore fought in: 1790, the British announced war against Tipu Sultan, The forth Baitle of Mysore started in 179 % . On 4" May, 1799 Tipu Sultan was martyred lithe fort of Sarangapatum (8),KALEEM SERIES 174 History 7 ah Abdul Aziz and treated wilh Muslims very cruelly and not give, religions freedom. 1 battle against Sikhs i Akora Khattak, jy 1 Mimmacd went to Jihasl on 1826, And Fought Akora Khattak, the battle Mujahidin gt 1 victory. v The 2" Hattle Syed Ahmad fought against Ran in Peshawar, Ahmad fought sh in Hazro, And established governs v inst Sikhs and martyred in Balakot 1831, v was born in District Faridpurr in 1768. % Haji Shaviat Ullah started a movement, which is known as F Y Heji Shariat Ullah went to Macca at the age of 18 to perform Hajj. And spent 20 venrs in Ar, J Hyderabad was the Indian state which got patronage of the British in 1798 by entering ino the sut Y In 1843 the British occupied Sindh, Y Ranjet Singh captured Punjab and Kashmir and founded’ strong Sikh government in 1801, Y Ranjit Singh died in 1835. A In 1845 the little son of Ranjit Singh, Daleep Singh was crowned. The war of independence started from Bengal in 1857 and spread towards the north. ‘diary alliance.LEEM SERIES 175, History 8 History Class 8 KA wiry the European nation adapted the patie Inthe sixteenth 3), England (2), eine to India a a “phe European nations inehiding Malland qraders. 43) The Brit pop 4) The Queen Elizabeth-T (Sazigts. 21) for trade t India Com } established an organization tlement. di worked about 200 years for th: ) approved the East India Company on 31 December 1600. «This company first setup in the Indian Cities of Madras (44), and Bombay (%), in 1610 and 1611 respectively. 69 Afier the defeat of Nawab Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan, they rapidly made their position strong in Indo-Pak, 1) First occupied Sindh in 1843. And the second occupation Punjab in 1849 §) The State of Awadh (292-U,) was captured by them in 1856. 9) In 1887 the war fought between the British anil Indian, the British won the War and occupied the whole of the India. 10) The first Act after East India Company is known as the Government of India Act (1858). 11) An Act ef 1858 was passed under which Lord Canning was appointed first Viceroy (Governor General) of India. 12) Allahabad Darbar was held on 1" November, 1858, wherein the Governor General Canning read out the proclemation {yiti) of Queen Victor 13) All the paints of proclama: (wil) of Queen Victoria’s show the positive way for the Indian Peoples. . 14) This proclamation (gi!) of British Crown (44-6) was a land mark in the political history of Indian administration till 1917. 15) The British Government ruled India for 90 years. Lord Canning (1858-1862) (21) 16) Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during 1858-1862. 17) Canning wrote to England “My present policy is based on mercy without any weakness, It will Rot affect the yovernment wpremacy”. Lord Elgin (1862-1863) (411.1) 18) Lord Elgin continued polices of Canning during his short gor » Policy of peace and cooperation. ) He held several Darhars at Agra, Munaras, Kanpur, und Ambala with the aii to remove misperception between the government and the Indian slates ta set up good relation, vnment perind, Elgin adopred the| KALEEM SERIES 176 History Lord Lawrence (1864-1869) (7.11!) 20) Lond Lawrence was ¢ 21) Lont Ls 22) During his petiod Canals and raihyay line was constructed, ‘Commi paid special attention to the farm oner of Pt ) before Viceray of India from 1869 to 1872, rene Lord Mayo (1869-1872) (2140) 23) Lord Mayo was the Viceroy of India from 1869 to 1872, 24) He established friendly relations with the princely states (U#L4st-). And founded a college in Ajmer for the children of princely rulers. Lord Northbrook (1872-1876) (ic2.t1) 25) Lord Northbrook acted upon the policy of previous rulers and made no new experiences. 26) n his time, there was a famine-(dJ) like situation in Bihar and Bengal. Brook's governments helped the people generously. Lord Lytton (1876-1880) (c* 1) 27) Lord Lytton ruled from 1876 to 1880. 28) A Famine Commission was set up to control famine situation. 28) Civil service system was introduced and decided that the Indians might be given government services. British Education Policy (W Fu Sun/i) 30) The British education policy in India was adopted in the light of Macaulay's Minutes (1836- 1837) and Wood Dis patch (1854). 31) In 1811, Lord Mayo (<',0) presented proposals to establish new educational institute and improve the existing institutions. 32) A clause was added in the act of 1813 and decided 1 lac rupees are allocated for the promotion of education. 33) In 1818, a Christian bishop (YatJ-2) established an cducational at Calcutta, 34) Elphinstone (c~“* established a collage a Bombay in 1824 and a school at Puna in 1833 19 educate the upper class of Indians in Ei 35) The British Viceroy Lord Dalhousi asa landmark of education in India, 36) Hunter Commission: recommendation, lish. acted upon the recommendations of Wood's. It is regarded Lord Ripon established a commission to review Wood's 37) University act 1904: Lord Curzen appointed a commission to make universities more effict™ 38) In the 1919 and 1935 Acts, education departments were landed aver to ministers.KALEEM SERIES 177 ___Mistory 8 id passed an Act far poor pea jg Lord Canning took notic ts (ui) tn support 5859. High courts and Universities we dd Madr 40) In 1881 Lord Ripon approved factory Act, according to sehieh Me working ene ay Timm g hours 41) Lord Mayo ines {Lard Mayo established agriculture department, fe established at Bombay, Caleutta, jor the children. cased ineame tax and imposed duty an salt. JG) Lord Mayo established a Network of Canals, roads, and railway lines for economic development {ay Free trade policy was adopted during Lord Lytton’s period ‘gj Lord Ripon was made Vieerny in 1880, He stopped taxes ond reduced taxes on salt. ut) founded public work department in 1854. Grand Truck Read (GT Road) from Calcutta to Peshawar was completed. First railway lines and electric telegraph system were laid during Delhousie period in 1853. And postal system was made effective at the end of 18" century. 46) Lord Delhousie ( Indian Council Act 1861 (AteAI-S431): 47) Indian Council Act was passed in 1861. 48) The Viceroy was empowered in this Act and the number of members of the Legislative council wwas increased and the Indians were given representation in it. 49) The councils were established in Madras and Bombay too. India Council Act 1892 (inreSiPsiy: .: 50) According to this Act, the number of the local people was increased in the legislative council GP fruit), 51) Efforts were made to present electoral system in a better way. The government of India Act 1909 (1+te12 0): 52) It was named as Minto Marley (4.4) Reforms because it was constructed by the viccroy of India, Lord Minto and the British Cabinet minister for the Indian affairs, Morley, 53)Muslims were given the right of separate electorate in this act. 54) S.P Sinha was the first Indian to join Executive Com ‘The Government of India Act 1919 (I9HxerFusb): §5)Ilis also called Montagu-Chelmsford réfarms (4 ). st * In the centre (£77) two legislative bodies (2%) came in to existence. 7) Sikhs were also given the right of separate electorate.KALEEM SERIES 178 History § eC ecKACUAL et rsicha mixtott oenstearery) ns. fonght welecisive war on different grounds 1 1857. at Delhi. 58) The British and Indians, especii whieh are called the War of independent 59) About 24 princes were hanged in November 185° Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (ofl) 60) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was bom on 17" October 1817 in Delhi. 61) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Father name was Mir Muttaki (2) 62)Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Grand Father name was Khwaja Farid-ud-Din (o/-) 2) 214) had remained an employee of East India Company. 63) Sir Syed Alnmad Khan was appointed as a Sub-Judge in 1841. 64) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan described the life of Muluummad (PBUH) in his book “dilaul-Qulaoh Be Zikril-Mehhoob” ( ALP). 65) In Delhi Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote his famous book "Asarul-Sanadeed" (2217). 66) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote a magazine by the name of “Ashabe-Baghawat-e-Hind” L1) and tried to remove the hatred from the hearts of the British. 67) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established the first school at Muradabad in 1859. 68) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was established a scientific society to translate books in to Urdu 69) The society published a newspaper (Aligarh institute Gazette) in March, 1866, 70)1n 1864 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was transfer'to Aligarh, 71) Committee Khwastgaran setup by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in Banaras, He himself was the secretary. The aim of the committee to find the reason why Muslims are minimums in colleges and the committee conclusion is that Muslims should have their own colleges. So for this purpose Sir Syed Ahmad Khan set up another committee for collecting funds. 72) Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental School (M.A.O) was inaugurated in May, 1875. 73) The Governor General, Lord Northbrook, donated 10,000 rupees to M.A.O school. 74) In M.A.O school there are 17 Teachers were appointed. 75) Molvi Samiullah tock keen interest in the establishment of this school. 76) Afier two years, the school was upgraded to college level the Governor General Lord Lytton (su) laid the foundation stone on 8" January, 1877. 77) Syed Ahmad Khan set up Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 for the education development of the Muslims of India. 78) Maulana Shibli and Mulana Tali through their pocms and Mohsinul Mulk and Mulavi Nazeet ‘Ahmad through their speeches encourayed the Muslims and create sense of honors among the" 79)$Sir Syed Ahmad Khan delivered his famous speech against the Congress from the platform this conference. 80) Syed Ahmud Khan opened an institution for orphans in Murad Abad. 81) Molvi Chiragh Ali, Mualan Aziz Abmad, StibliNaumani, Syed Ameer All, writers were the olf springs of Sir Syed’s Movement. 82) The Lahore resolution (shu) of 23 Murch 1940 (ried to rep J many othe sent Sir Syed and Iqbal’s thought as a goal.SSN KALEEM SERIES 179 History g §3)The bvo Nation Theory started by Sir Syed, Allama Iqbal’s addressed Allahabael and Lahore resolution shaped the formation of Pakistan on te! August, 1947. 84) After the Aligarh Syed Ahmad Khan establi Islam" (?thte<\ru1) in September 1884, 85) For “Anjumat mayat-j-Islany” Munshi Chiragh-ud-Din started efforts, and Khalifa TI; ud-Din, Maulana Ghutamullah Qassori and Pir S| founders, 86) Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam established several Colle alow college), 87) The king of Afghan Amir Habibullah khan laid the foundat in 1907, 88) The personality who Inspired by Sir Syed and started a movement for the elimination of through celucation backwardness of Sindh Muslims was Hassan Ali Effendi (iid), 89) He had the foundation of “Sindh Madrassa-ul-Islam” in 1885 in Karachi. 90) Qaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah also got his early Education from Sindh Madrassa-ul- Islam. 91) For the up gradation inauguration Sindh Madrassa-ul-Islam to college classes Qaid-e-Azam came in 1943, %2)In 1939 Qaid--Azam willed that his property might be given to Muslim Universly Aligarh, Sindh Madrassa-tul-Islam and Islamia College Peshawar. 93) The renowned (4*”) political leader of N.W.F.P Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum khan who was called “Sir syed of Frontier” founded Dar-ul-uloom-i-Islamia § miles away from Peshawar. 94) The foundation stone was laid by famous kyber Pakhtunkhwa Mujahid Hifi Sahib of Torangzai (Gr -ugboy) in 1913.” : ed a Madrasa namely “Anjuman-isHimayat-ic ameed- hhams-ud-Din were among’ the prominent es in Lahore. (Two male, and one Female, tion stone of Islamia College Lahore 95) The Quaid-e-Azam came to Peshawar thrice (3) and visited Islamia College every time, 96) Mulana Zulfaqar Ali, Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman, Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi were the founders of Devoband Movement, 97) The founadation of Devoband Madrassa was laid in a village of Deoband, district Saharanpur, Up (caguituil-d-yz_r), in May 1866. 98) After Jamia Azhhar of Egypt (,i¢>£”), Deoband was the scone largest Islamic Educational Institute, , 99) There was clash betwzen the Aligarh and Deoban Madrassa, because Aligarh moveme emphasizes on western education and Deaban Madrassa emphasized on religious education. 100) "“Nadvat-ul-Ulema" (+12) founded in Lucknow in 1894, For the purpose of modem and religious both education, 101) | Nadvat-ul-Ulema starting working in 1998, Maukana Shiblt Naimiant and Syed Sulaiman Nadvi were associated with this,KALEEM SERIES . . 180 History g 102) The Nationa 103) AU In member of the Indian civil service in 1885. 104) The first meeting of Congress was held in Bumbay in December, 1885 ( political party that was formed in the history of the Indo-Pak was All India Con: Se National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume (¢27-s'-211), a retired English 105) _ India got independence through the efforts of Congress on 15 August, 1947, 106) Bengal was the largest province of India, The present day Bengal, Bihar (.1,) and Orissa (2: constituted Bengal. 107) Total area of past Bengal was 189000 square miles and its population consisted of 80 millions. 108) ‘The minister for Indian affairs approved the partition of Bengal on June, 1905. 109) East Bengal which consisted of Assam (re), Chittagong (ft), Mymensing (uy) and Dacca (S65) Division came in to being new province, 110) New Bengal total area was 106,540 square miles and its population was 31 million in which 18 million were Mustims. 111) The Congress announced to start Swadéshi werent (£7 f+) on 7 August 1905. According to this movement British goods were boycotted. Hindu forces the British to withdraw from the partition of Bengal. . 112) After the strdng protest of Hindus the British king George v (4¢.4) came in to India in 1911 “and announced the annulinent (&") of the partition of Bengal, 113) | Shimla Deputation (14); A 35 members delegation headed by Sir Agha khan left for Shimla to mect viceroy Lor Minto on 1" October, 1906 for the purpose of solution of Muslims problems 14) All India Mustim Leagues (231: In 1906 the season of Muhammadan educational conference was convinced by Sir Saleem Ullah khan in December 1906 in Dacca 115) Quaid-v-Azam joined Mustim League in 1913, . 116) Afler the annulment of the partition of Bengal iu 1911 the M 117) When Quaid-e-Azam become member of Muslim League, then agreement between Mur (45), 118) Reshini Rummal Movement was stort on 1915, (Head shaik-ul-Hind Mulana Mehmood-uk Hussain). Its head office opened in Kabal 119) Inthe mid-nineteenth century, a famous political thinker of Afghanistan Syed Jamaluddia Afghani started a movement of unity among the Muslims which was called “Islamic Unity". lims did not trust the British. efforts led to an m League and the Congress in 1916 which is known as Luknow PackKALEEM SERIES 181 History 8 Khila 120) The First World War started in1914 and ended 1918. 121) Turkey, Germany, Austria, and Hungry were fig led by the Allied forces, while the Mustims of India fhvored Turkey. And it was sure the Allied forces would win the war, The Muslims of India worried about the safety of the Islamic centers (Makkah, and Madina). The British also needed the help of the Indians. Far this purpose the British made several promises about reforms in Inclia after War, The Muslim leadership announced lo supports the British in the war conditionally. it Movement: (it 7) ish 122) Ottomon Caliphate (=i); It was the spiritual centre for the Muslim of the world. The Muslims helped the British on the condition if the Turkey was defeated then the ottoman * Caliphate would be kept intact. And protect all the holy places of the Mus! 123) The British Prime Minister Lloyed George, consider this victory as the revenge of the defeat by Sultan Saladin Ayubi. 124) In the war 8 million solders and 4 million civilians of India supported the British. After the war they began to neglect the conditions already accepted. 128) Muhmmad Ali Jauhar started the Khilafat movement country wide in October 1919 and Congress Leader Mahatma Gandhi announced to supports the Muslims completely. A delegation meets the viceroy in January 1920 but failed. And another time a delegation from India to Britian and France in March 1920 but again failed, 126) According to H.G Wells “Muhammad Ali Jauhar had a Napoleon's heart in his chest, a thunder tongue in his mouth, and the Macaulay's Pen in his hand", 127) Due to Some reason the’ Khilafat Movement was failed. Migration Movement: (2 A.£/) 128) Migration movement waite part of Khilafat Movement. Some Ulema declared India as Dar-ul-Harab, Thousand of family sold out their properties and left for Afghanistan in august 1920. The government of Afghanistan closed its border, The migrants return to their homes which resulted in death of thousands of people. The movement reached to end, Civil Disobedience and Non-Cooperation Movement 1920-1922 (£7 Uus¥3/Ubstur) 129) Civil Disobedience and Non-Coopcration Movement were carricd out jointly under the supervision of Mahatma Gandhi, and Maulana Muhmmad Ali Jauhar inl920, us 130) _ Indian National Congress was established in 1885. 131) The main Objective of the Shimla Depulatian was to demand the separate electorate for Muslims, 132) Jamal-ud-Din Afghan had started Pan-Islamic movement from Afghanistan, 133) Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) was not in fayor of Civil Disobedience movement of Gandhi.History KALEEM SERIES 182 istory 8 oo Renee ue UAzAeAe) Detht Muslin Proposals 1927: 77") 184) Doing central Buget debate in the legistative assembly (2+ leadership especially Pundat Lawalar Lal Neliru met Quaid: a Congress woud necept all otler demands i te’ Mustim withdraw their dlemand af separate lectorate, The All India Muslim League meeting was held in Delhi on 20" March, 1927 under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam, He preseats proposals ealled Delhi proposals, ESS) in 1927 the aid-e-Azam and proposed that 135) _ Simon Commission was introduced in 1919, and decided that to send a commission to Incia afler every ten year. 136) The British set of seven (7) members Commission under Sir John Simon. 137) There was no representation from Tndia side in this commission, The Indian leaders named the commission “All While” because of all British members. : 138) The congress and Muslim league boycotted the commission. One group of the Muslim Jeague headed Sir Muhammad Shafi supported the commission. Allama Iqbal is also among this group. 139) The Commission reached India on February 1928. The commission visited whole of India and present a report of twa section, and 800 pages. 140) The British government made this reports a base and introduced the Indian Act of 1935 that lasted till the independence of 1947. . 141) The congress started the disobedient movement against the government and the government banned the congress, Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru was arrested. The Muslim League remained natural. Nehru Report 1928 (24.0¢) 142) When the recommendation of the Simon commission were rejected by the Indian public, a British Minister Lord Birkenhead (;c/3,0) passed insulting remarks that the Indian parties were not able to present any proposal. 443) _ fn the connection of insulting remarks the Indian political parties set up a committee in 1928 which was headed by Pundit Moti Lal Nehru from congress, shih Qureshi and Ali Imran epresent Muslim league, That was way it was named “Nehru Report”. 144) Nehru Report's ree i . : at Lucknow. ‘ommendations were presented in all parties’ conference in August 1928 Tinnah’s fourteen points 1929 (etna Mise) 145) The report which was as presented by Nehru for the ion i j by Muslin league The degen wey Nebr forthe further constitution of India was reject «. by Masti e m convened the Muslim league meeting in Delhi on 15" . al seesion of the ) The Annual session of the Muslim League was held at presided over by Allama tqbal. Ile delive Theory was explained and the Idea of| ue Was held at Allahabad in 1930, which was his historical speech, in which Sir Syed’s two nation istan was presented,KALEEM SERIES 183 | , History Round Table Conferenee 1920-1932 (47 ¥zJf} 147) General Eleetions were held in Britain in June 1929. Asa result, Ramsay Macdonalit cre +) was elected a Prime mit donald (0 decide to invite all parties of India for Round Table Conference in 4 149) The first Round Table conference was held on 12" November 1930 till 19" January 1931. 150) All the parties were represented except Congress. All were agreeing on setup of Federal system and princely states would be joined federation of India 151) The Second round Table conference was held in September to December, 1931. Allama “Iqbal and Mahatma Gandhi atso participated in it. 153) In this confetenee Gandhi claimed that the Congress should be recognized as the sole representative party of the Indian, people and India should be given complete independence, The British did not agree to this demand so the conference failed. 153) After the failure of second conference The British Prime Minister announced the Communal Award" (jidi'-S) on 4 August 1932 to solve communal problem in India, 154) The Third Round Table conference started on 47” November 1932 till 24" November 1932. 155) Congress and Quid-e-Azam did not participate in the conference, therefore it failed. 156) NWFP were got the status of province in 1901. Prior it was the part of Punjab. 157) In 1939 Qazi Muhammad Esa established a branch of Muslim League of Baluchistan. 158) During the British period Sindh was a part of Bombay. In the Indian Act of 1935, Sindh was declared as an Independent pravince. ‘The Government of India Act-1935 (2-#w48) 159) The British government framed the government of Indi throughout India after being passed by British parlianient, - f logislature were proposed. Cox s “The Council of State” (ee Princely States. 230 were taken a Act 1935 and implemented it dume%) 160) In the Centre two houses of he total council was 161) The name of the upper house wa the 260, which consists of 156 members for British India and 104 for Sat 162) In *Central legislative Council” (JTW) the total member 375, whic from the province and 125 from Indian states. sc as two Legislatures wert tablished. “Legistutive Assembly” i ‘acu. ve Counell” (J? fe). 163) In the provinces, there W 164) The lower House was known is 165) The upper house was known as “LogistativKALEEM SERT 184 History g Reorganization of Muslim League 1936-1939 OF 54) 166) The period 1923-1934 can be called an emt of hardships and decline for the Muslin League, 167) In this period the Mustiny League was divided in Gvo factions. One faction was led by the Quaid-e-Azam, the other one by’ Muha 168) In 1934 Quaid-e-Azam united both the factions of the | Quiad-c-Azam a ‘ thu / 169) Quad-e-Avamn visited India in 1936 and organized the party and established a parliamentary board of 54 members, 170) In Qetober 1937 a meeting of the Muslim League was held at Lucknow and it was a historical meeting in the history of the Muslim League, 171) Maulana Mazhar-ud-Din gave Jinnah the title of “Quaid-e-Azam” in 1937, gue und the united League elected °. in ils sceretry. General Election 1937 (Wrench Fp) 172) Election of Provincial assemblies was held in February-March 1937 Under the Indian Act of 1935. . 3) Congress formed governments in seven provinecs of Madras, Bombay, United province (UP), Central Province (CP), Bihar, Orissa and NWFP out of eleven provinces. 174) In Punjab Sir Sikandar Hayat, in Sindh Sir Ghulam Hussain Hadiat ullah, In Bengal Maulavi Fazal Hag and in Assam Sir Muhammad Saad Ullah formed coalition (:47/) government, 175) There were 1585 seats of provisional assemblies in the election of 1937. 176) Congress won 715 seats. 177) Congress put its Muslims candidates in 58 constituencies but only 26 were successful. 178) ~The Muslim League won only 108 seats, 179) Pirpur Report (1j..4.6): Thé Muslim League set up an eight member committce to investigate the anti-Muslim policy of the congress government on 28" March 1938, It was headed by Raja Syed Muhammad Mahdi of Pirpur. ANer eight months the reports of cight provinces committee presented. 180) In the province of Bihar Muslim League formed a committee for to investigate the unjust of congress with Muslims. Mr Sharif is the head of Committee and present report in March 1939. 181) End of congress Rules (7¢6U70n5F¢); ‘The Second World War started from 1939 and ended 1945. The British declared War against Germany. The British Government wants help from Indian political parties, But the congress is agreed if the British government fulfill the demand of congress. But government not agreed with the demand of congress, As a result congress ministers resign from the past in November 1939, 182) With the resignation of the congress Ministers the Muslims expressed great pleasure and observed the day of Deliverance (=¥'2) on 22™ December 1939, 183) Lula Lajpat Declared in 1 Religion basis. . -184) Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) demanded far the establishment of Rayal Commission 1939 1924 that solution of India problem was the division of India onKALEEM SERIES 185 SOTTO A La gdb OO Pakistan Resolution (ets) History 185) The name of Pakistan was proposed by Chaudhary Rehmat Ali in 1933, 186) Lahore resolution was presented by Maulvi Fazal-c-Tag (Lion of Bengal), the chicl minister of Rengal 187) _ Lahore resolution was the starting point for the establishment of" 188) The annual session of AIL India Muslim League was held trom 2 1940 under the president of Quaid-c-Azam (R.A) at Minto Park, Lahore, Cripps Mission (U2) 189) During the Second World War the British government wants the helps of Indian public, for this purpose British government sent a mission to India on 22™ March 1942 which was headed by Sir Statford Cripps to meet the political parties. But both parties reject and Cripps mission failed. Quit India Movement (£7 vif utr) 190) Afier the failure of the Cripps Mission, the congress launched “Quit India” movement against the British in 1942. 191) Similarly Muslim league launched “Divide and quit” (alsA(o fuer) movement against the British. . , 192) Gandhi-Jinniah Talks began in Bombay on 19" September 1944 and continued till 24° + September. But result of Gandhi-Jinnah negotiations failed. 193) Simla Conference (V7.4): When the congress and Muslim League did not reach an agreement over constitutional reforms, the Viceroy of India Lord Wavell convened a conference of political parties in Simla in June 1945. 194) The Chief Minister of Punjab Khizar Hayat khan was loyal person of the British. General Election 1945-1946 (24?71Pu) 195). In Britain, the Labor Party, formed government as a result of its victory in the clections. The Prime Minister, Lord Attlee (J#), declared that General elections would be held and a kistan, Aarch to 24" March, Legislative (271.71) and Executive council (Ji) would be formed in the country. 196) Federal Election (218164): In December 1945 election for the Central legislative Assembly were held. The Muslim grabbed all thirty seats in the Central Legislative which were allocated to them, India national congress won 59 seats, European=8 independence=3 Total=102 197) Provincial Election (217idLy-): Elections for the’ provincial assemblies were held in. February 1946, There were 495 seats for the Muslims in provinces and the Muslim League got 439 seats (Gat 89% Name of | Tilteverve seat | Nawe of | ‘TReserve sei Name nt] Witeverve seat | Obtained: Province |_for Musilie Province | for Nuss Province | tor stustins | sent 19 Punjuly 6 Bombay 30s 30 35 Orissa 4 ui 66 34 Bw Bihar AO, cr M4 13 34 Madrus 29 = 2 —KALEEM SERIES 186 History 8 Cabinet Mission Plan (wile 234): 198) The British government sent three cabinet ministers to Indis, This mission Consis c (AG), AV Alexander (12 199) This mission arrived at India on March 24, 1946 and discussed the issue with Viceroy, Delegation met with the responsible persons of the country. No one agreed to the division of subcontinent except Muslim league leaders, ‘Therelore the mission invited four members from each party for negotiation. 200) Quaiee-Azam, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Ardar Abdur Rab Nishter and Liagat Ali Khan participated on behalf of Muslim League. : 201) Abdul Kalam Azad, Pandit Nehru, Sardar Patel and Khan Abdul Ghaffar khan participated on behalf of the congress. 202) The conference continued from 5" to 12" May, but the “talks failed. 3 June Plan 1947 (,2°78u708)t «d of Sir Pisses). st 2b 2) Lord Pathiek Lawrer atford Cripps (¢- 203) The British Prime Minister Mr Attlee (1) declared that the British government wished to transfer the power to the Indians not later than June, 1948, 204) Lord Mountbatten was appointed as Viceroy of India. He reached on 22" March, 1947. 203) The Mountbatten met the congress and Muslim league leadets about the division of sub- continent. . 206) Mr V.P Menon (og.16y) the advisor to the Viceroy prepared the partition scheme in the light of these meetings which was approved by the British Cabinet. 207) ‘The Plan was declared on the 3" Jun and is known as 3" Jun Plan. 208) The British parliament passed the “Indian Independence Act” (eysnT yt) on 1g July 19947. 209) Under this Act Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947, and India on 15" August 1947. Role of Quaid-e-Azam in the Creation of Pakistan (Wier LEP or) 210) Quai-e-Azam took part in the politics of the sub-continent on regular base since 1906. 211) Quai-e-Azam was elected member of the legislative council for the Muslim constituency in 1910 at Bombay. 212) Quai-e-Azam joined Muslim League in 1913. 213) 1n 1916 the “Lucknow Pact” was sign by the efforts of Quai-c-Azam. 214) Quai-e-Azam was the first Governor General of Pakistan. 215) When Pakistan came in to being the one personality of the Pakistan movement was Jogindar Nath Mandal (J2+.7t.%2) who belong to Bengal, Mandal represent Hindus in Pakistan. After independence he was appointed as Low and Justice Minister of Pakistan. 216) ‘The season of Pakistan first Constituent assembly was held on 10" August 1947, It was presided over by Jo Nath, 217) Cornelius was highly educated and experienced, After Independence he took the responsibility of economic and monelary policy of the country.[| Te, ZTEA PEED Tect Preparation @ Search our fb group: Fb.com/groups/NtsEteaKPESED You (LY) EducationInfo&TestPreparation Admin: Muhammad Ali