eases cae sees ass Cree - BEE 4th Year 2™ Semester 2020 Name - Partha Sarath! Mondal. Class Roll. No. OOLEIOFOlOFO Subject - Advanced Instrumentalfon-IL Pap - TE Dole of receipt of; asstgnment - 4/06/2020 Date of submission - U4/ 6/2020 Fins. 4 a Liquid penetra t hestirg Com only inspect materials Phat has jreekeey smooth, non pores Surbate © on wUIch deptch oy dis conHovies is suapetyed. LPI fs wed be detect corting and gogieg defects , cracks aed \eals tn atin products. That is why non-metallic Incluten is net being devected by Myeta penedvant testing + Nok aquens developers ort gencvally Yece mized to obtain highest sensitively 4esh reswlts, Hon aqueoss Grerep be suspend the develepey in a volathte Selvtnt and are Ayptcany applied SL spe guns Neatwe of the defect can have & large abject oh sensitivity ob ow Vguid penedratin fearing Sensi vitp ts depined as the smallest aged thet can be detected Tei « Ligh degree of erediltdy. ste crack Jenath at the Sample Surjacc fr used Fe creck Vength alone dots not eo undetected. Te velurne op Wey agyine size of the depects However, we delermine whether a flaw oill be seen fhe defer is likely Ye be the more fen portant geome The Yaw must be ob supyt cient volume so fhat through pene dyad will bleed back ont to o size that te detectable by the Cyt or that wth satis the dimenstonol thresholds of |tworescente- © Heouste Emission is untike most other nondestructive techy (not) Tr Fue Teanvde. The ist ah CVeRCe pritnins te Vthe vfyth erevpy te the object ardey enaninaHes 5 yeleased by qe abjeet THE Second Aipperee ce fe Hed AET deeds cof dynamte processes jor charges Tag matertal, iThe abiltty te dfsceve Lebsecr tke develepig ont stegrant depend s is _sipehpreank trewsever, Se te posst ble for PIRES fe ge Gndelcted altege ther Tipe lenaly Co ee Ge Acouie event, techniques ap Pe st ral, Instead of sepplyin AET simply stent fer Re enet Scanned with CamScanneri —————<—oa7-_—~S—s_——sa—eketeeee method had months the he raptd release of ener vom oer b a | Pecourtte erteston (NED) Is ee Aranvient gtr Waves ae Voutized sourced; Sys bree yee WT Rin © Tr te poles placement approncls ee ee eee ee Se eseeneay Peat aly State vatabler ast avatiable fer peed back. Te. poeice , however, not oN . eghmate Unavailable State vartables, Ey pma Hen oo cote vartables are available fer peeaback, Ter we need to Vamecgurable State variables fr cotled obstavaton. A device thad esimates oF observes the stele variables of WLe syrtem, fs called aw State Lobeewer or simply an ‘obstever. Th isthe mathemabua model for veal systems We statement “Luce berger obsewver is used te estimate jue | gtetes ef a Uneat dyramte syihem AL compatcd toan shen loop ebseruer ” iS Souere conte. TL A,B,C ate Same fer abe plant eck Tb A te steMe, Peer ry-fae at n- Kad os < So, We cen Say that dhe observer Js an open loop simular obsch suns pavanely .T Fig abeve cond thvas met, then Phe esting Hon will be tm proper, Kiso, here we are pee usthy the output fe tsHmate the state. Open loop observer is ne} sutfable ty esHmate the stades Se, we make oa HIE change. We want the closed loop pole of the cbservey to be stable and Me ervey would quidely Yeduce fe tev. ave rok fas 2. | H—> state vechr (3 -vech ee o 0 oe shake moatix (3x8) | Cel p oe ele = WD Contre] dapat vee by : BD iayad /contvel madvix (Se) to ont pet wtthr c —_7 out par meet x Y= [ave |x cor Vrollable cerenteal form | Suppose, ber syste zk x _|o 1 0 ; ilo od ol x \ = 8 ee i cee contvelle Nite waltin | Mee [As angi ge] Scanned with CamScanner° eA Oe © 10 o o } oo} : ey | lio ce oar | ae ql -8 oo 3 ol ww 7-8 ' = At -8 ae 25° Go 12k AF o o 8 ‘ = el [oe [pia melee ! 1-8 35° rar york op Me is & ee ox(-8)- Ix hx C8) C8) x4 OF as [Mc] = oxix2ss) + Ox4FxleC8)* (ass)noxo=8# 0 Per Wo ve he cbsewve bility mabey | age Lear aid] & spor a. tet Rela cd (1) a = to | ore [eh] ee | yo “W -8 a 0 4 \ ie eee e: =t0 0 o-1 4 Ei cee Le alt, ' ea © 4 ny Scanned with CamScannerHe Mge [ONE AC wye | =| 4 © <1 14 nt [Mal = @-G FO ci yrad rank on M, ts) 3, Brom Mo, we HR SEE Se, ovder My is SB and oder of M, is 3 Hence , Phe above apeter is pany contrellable and observable, fo py stete contrtiable tf ard only Fy the @. the malin M. = ele re) is rank oh ( Is VWaearl inarperdeny “Cajamna ). The agstes peng ste observebte Tp and only Sp the matin Tc | is op tek th oot Laving vee Tanke oe ne : : "rews te ny indeperden® e > late Ans 3. | k= hy + Bu gee eo ° | jee: «els Jn. -5. -6 7 ie = 0 ec oles ' : ee alc ‘ Sse 1 =I | ie bo 12 o1 0° oo 1 oe ee |e ees Se a ae 6-2 31 Scanned with CamScannercoo | ° , eee = : “os 76 el “y co 25 3 1 eo M Bi te wartere My fs phe obserwahill Nw, Mor ]8s AB rs | a -|o 1. J it wy ton 68 [mel = Ox 1x eo 4 Tx CURT + Lx 1 GH)= Te Cy xGrxe oS Il #0 —Coxtaler33 “Bus the system ts completel Slade cerdrallcble and arbietg pale placement ts yodirure. Trentpormaten Matix Net Ae e eey Cee os | ° scl 5 SH © ocean O wh the Shndard chavacterishe py ee ae New, g 27h os 4 Ons. 4 age © e whee a=6,a,55) 03°! Fue dered charsetetsHe pyre tay Gre-fe) Grenier) = la ask SG). soy las edt 14, Xa 2607 AF 20d yy Cos 4 200 Scanned with CamScannerke fiare ss: 9] i feedback Is we y i |st-a + bl spt ales Ss -1 ° Ky ars ket KH) KES KSEE -| 7 we SR Lecdbeck Ce tee \ Tee sbam ation a. | oO 8 : Ls 1 17 matin eee be la 1 6 ot | a Now, Tl = [ve -! 1 es ae : : 2 oe [om ss +\ aa ko is Me state feedback | 5 went a [ Ls feck SubsHtwken method 5 kel, Ke 6) THe cheracherishe equates of wleve Te MW, Wela 8 ee is oo Gi (oo 6 \ -t “4 oo *[2 45g Zot aa 83 St $3 6s a 3S =o We sptkem wit the state Scanned with CamScannerSi + Cco ¥ Ss 4 Ske VR, 4 SVL 4 sk, t Stk, Suk, — koa) 3 Sy (6s ket Byes (ss ky ae, = SEs) * Gets) he, Cd kat ky = 04 ral — oO Ais, 5 4 Kye FELT SK bo 3 k, : OVA be Ba (eoks ye Vsiey Cements mle, sibhg ta. ®*«*® ola 1 | os 4 {i 2) Ey Erm Opry He value ye Kt > k BB ee nikal a3 Ka > At/a = 458 = 208 33 as Scanned with CamScannerstete fees Vack in 2339 i te ee « ] 7 ” Ty Me poles ove seltched be fhe verpense will be too fost ana ip Phe wespsrSt alll be slew se Here that « mala x 4sy 206 as a av diem fhe shawld Le a trade ofp between the « plese ave near Re otytn Scanned with CamScanner