HE LETTER OF THE LAW ESCM ames Cees Lea Ne aeRO LS ELIE Deere ae Comm ih alti dl)YAK 811.111 (075) BBK 81-4 590 Pexomeritosano Minicrepersom ocpitn i nayxu Yxpaitia (omer No 1/11-178 win 12.01.2011 p.) Pexomenionano 0 onyGaixyBannsi BueHOI panoro HanionansHoi wopumnsnol axarenit Yepaitn inex SIpocsasa Myxporo (npotoxoa Ne 8 wi 19 mororo 2010 p.) Penensentn: B.L Kapa6an, oxtop ¢pistouorisanx nayx, npodpecop; . B, Biri, Joxrop nexarorisunx ways, mposecop; JA. I, Mopewxa, soxtop nenarorisanx sayx, mporbecop Bykpa sakony ; napvanbunit nociGunk 3 auraijicsKoi Moan 718 Hassan mpotpeciiiuoro 590. crinkysanux MaiiGyrix mpasruxia / JIM. Yepuonarait, I. II. JIumko, C. M. Pomartox, A.B. Tosopyx, B. 51. Mimerko, O. I. Hetyxona, H. A. Copoxa, T.M. HJoxina ; 3a per. JIM. Hepronaroro, I. Tl. Junko. ~ X. : Hpaso, 2011. ~ 526 e. ISBN 978-966-458-222-0 Swicr Hanvanvoro rlociGanka ta Horo crpysrypa sizmosixaors pexonenstantian Past Capout ft opicerosat ba suMOrn diatnapouHo! eHCTeMH TecTYBAHHR CryneHA HOnOAIINIA aUT-TiiCKKO! MOBO (IELTS). BEMIORIZO 310 pexowerutauiit Fiporpamm ta uuiwix saKietia OchitH 9 HanNaMNER auaifieaKOT Monn ALIA Mpodpecifinoro cristeypaHtHA, rrociGiinx aopicsronani x 1a Cryer, TaK ia MPOLEC HaaM, i GANYCTACR Ha CYACHIDK AUATHSHNOK pHEUEX BiLATANA i BHBNEHHA MOB, IO rapaiTye YEBiNOWIENIA MOBHUX MIKKYNBIYPHIK OCOGHBOCTEHL TA pOSBHTOK Hasaubuioi KoMuereHuil, a TeXOK akitesTyaitvo yaara Ha conioxynstypHoMy saticti, TexcTOBOMy xapaKrepi KoMybixanii ta npoeciiinony Kowrenti, OcoSnsicno nociica ¢ inrrerponammtit possitrox ycix (rosopinis, AysilovalNa, “Tania Ta niMcSMO) MOB/CHHCRHX Min 3 MeTOIO niJoMMeHHA eherTimHOCTI hopuynaHtR KoMyixarneuot Kovmeventif cryenis 3a paxyHOx SiKOHAKKA npodeciliHo BMOTHBORAIUEX KONYHIKATABHIX 3a5raH, Suicr nociGwxa pasiavactaca mpunupiaxne Horo opraHisauii, a Taxox Gasyersea Ha MixkHapoaHNX pinnax Bonosin mosoro, wianosisae Hanionansinst xnaxibixanifiomn piso nocarses (OKX ra OIL, wae sitko chopaynsoxani nil HaRGaHGHA, rpynryerice na mpodecifiix Ta HABMANBHUX yacNNX; OxorHOe uporpecifin (ebepn mpeaeruun sua), ciryetunindi (Bia sismnocri Tom) Ta nparvarimodi sacicr (mpascirusi yoni); ypaxonyc nouepenili aocsin ra norpeG cryestTis, € MOy.TbHAN 3a CBOCIO Opraitisaitici. Ja cryaeurin ropuaiunx cneuiansoctell (pines Saxautanpa) BHMIX Hansa saxetasM; dbexinuis, ai npariyr paocKONANHTH Bact HaBieTKH Ta BNA MpaKTHAHOTO BOTOAINIEA aNrsiieDKoH MOBOIO y raAysi Mpasa YAK 811.111 (075) BBK 81-4 © A.M, Yeprosamit: erpy«crypa, Tamm 1a nocninonnicrs anpap, nepewwona, sacrunn 1-3 ypoxy 1 (woxyn 1), sacra 1 ypoxis 1 (soxtyai 2-5), posaia «Pexowennantii 2 nigroroaKH nice wonKx poGin», pesaryEauna Texcry nnoci6iisa, 2011 © 1.1L Jnwo: ines, penarynauna rexcry noci6iea, 2011 © C.M, Powaiox: nonepesuia niarovonKa rexcrin i aupas xo uacrints 4 ypoxy 1 ra aactuuaH 3 ypoxy 2 (tox) swacrist 2-3 ypoxin 1 (oayai 2 18 3), sactnaun 2 ypoxy 2 ra vacra 1-2 ypoxin 6-7 (wonyms 5), 2011 A.B. Fosopyu: nonepestix niroroska Texeria i aupan zo wacrunmn 2 ypoxy 3 (stoxystn 1), wacrut 3-4 ypoky 4 (wonyst 2), sacri 4-5 ypoxy 4 (monyns 3), tactan 2-3 ypoxy 1 1a acta 3-4 ypoxy 4 (Mozy 4), 2011 ©B. 5, Mimengo: nonepeswa ninroronka texcris i aupas ao vacriuu 3 ypoxy 3 (woayss 1), wacramn 3 ypoxy 22 sacri 3-4 ypoxy 3 (Nosy 2), uaermiut 3 ypory 3 1a uactamun 1 ypoxy 4 (soxynb 3), uacriih 3-4 ypoxy 3 (MO%Y-1e 4), sacrun 1-2 ypoxy 3 (mostyst 5), 2011 ©0. 1. Meryxosa: nonepemis riinroroaxa Texcris i aupas no vacrun 1 ypoxy 2 (woxyaw 1), sacrust 1-2 ypoxy (Gwouyst 2), actu 1, 2,3 ypoxy 2 (woayas 3), 4actunt 1,2, 3 ypoxy 2-74 wacruuat 1 ypoxy 3 (stoayan 4), 2011 ©H.A. Copoxa: nonepenux nixroroska rexcrin i snpas 20 vacrHuu 1 ypoxy 3 (Moaysb 1), yacrui I-2 ypos (wonyai 212 3), aacrinat 2 ypoxy 3 (soayas 4), sacrum I-2 ypoxy 4-ra wacrn 1-2 ypoxy 5 (soays 5), 2011 ©T.M. Lloxinta: nonepeana nizroronca Texcris i supas jo sacra 2 ypoxy 2 (Mogynb 1), sactuat 1-2 ypoxy * (mony 2), wactint 2-3 ypory 4 (moayas 3), wactus 1-2 ypoxy 4 (monyan 4), wacrun 1-2 ypoxy 1 ra sacTHHit ypoxy 2 (woayns 5), 2014 © allpano», 2011 ISBN 978-966-458-222-0 ».LM. Chemnovaty, LP. Lipko, S.M. Romanyuk, A.V. Hovorun, V.Ya, Mishchenko, O11. Petukhova, N.A. Soroka, T.M. Shchokina. The Letter of the Law: Practical Course of Legal English for University Students Majoring in Law. ~ Kharkiv: Yaroslav Mudryi National Law Academy of Ukraine, 2011. — 526 p. ‘The content and structure of the textbook meet the internationally recognized standards (CEF 2001) and take into account the requirements of the IELTS system of communicative competence assessment According to the recommendations of the ESP National Curriculum for Universities, the textbook is both student- and language acquisition-centered, basing on modem didactic principles of language teaching and learning that guarantees the realization of intercultural differences and the development of cognitive competence. The course also focuses on the sociocultural and textual aspects of communication, as well as on its professional content. The underlying ides of the integrative development of all skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) contributes to the improvement of students’ communicative competence by means of accomplistiing professionally oriented communicative tasks, The content of the textbook is the function of the principles of its organization, the language proficiency levels as specified in the CEF (2001) and meets the Ukrainian established national standards in language teaching and learning. The course is based on the clear-cut aims and objectives of teaching, professional and cognitive skills, embracing the professional (job-related areas), situational (job-related situations) and pragmatic (practical skills) components; takes into account the students” needs and experience; has @ modular structure, For undergraduate students majoring in Law; professionals striving to improve their communicative competence in Legal English, wy ISBN 978-966-458-222-0 Reviewers: V.1. Karaban, Doctor of Letters (Philology), Full Professor .B, Bihyeh, Doctor of Letters (TEFL), Full Professor L.I. Morska, Doctor of Letters (TEFL), Associate Professor The decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Ne 1/11-178, of 12.01.11. © L.M. Chemovaty: structure, exercise types and succession, preface, Parts 1-3 of Lesson 1 (Module 1), Parts 1 of Lessons 1 (Modules 2-5), Section «Recommendations on Creative Writing Work», editing the text of the textbook, 2011 © LP. Lipko: idea, editing the text of the textbook, 2011 © S.M. Romanyuk: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 4 Lesson 1 and Part 3 Lesson 2 (Module 1), Parts 2-3 Lessons 1 (Modules 2 and 3), Part 2 Lesson 2 and Parts 1-2 Lessons 6-7 (Module 5), 2011 © A.V. Hovorun: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 2 Lesson 3 (Module 1), Parts 3-4 Lesson 4 (Module 2), Parts 4-5 Lesson 4 (Module 3), Parts 2-3 Lesson 1 and Parts 3-4 Lesson 4 (Module 4), 2011 © V.Ya. Mishchenko: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 3 Lesson 3 (Module 1), Part 3 Lesson 2 and Parts 3-4 Lesson 3 (Module 2), Part 3 Lesson 3 and Part 1 Lesson 4 (Module 3), Parts 3-4 Lesson 3 (Module 4), Parts 1-2 Lesson 3 (Module 5), 2011 © OL. Petukhova: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 1 Lesson 2 (Module 1), Parts 1- 2 Lesson 2 (Module 2), Parts 1, 2,3 Lesson 2 (Module 3), Parts 1, 2, 3 Lesson 2 and Part 1 Lesson 3 (Module 4), 2011 © N.A. Soroka: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 1 Lesson 3 (Module 1), Parts 1-2 Lesson 3 (Modules 2 and 3), Part 2 Lesson 3 (Module 4), Parts 1-2 Lesson 4 and Parts 1-2 Lesson 5 (Module 5), 2011 © TM. Shchokina: preliminary preparation of texts and exercises for Part 2 Lesson 2 (Module 1), Parts 1- 2 Lesson 4 (Module 2), Parts 2-3 Lesson 4 (Module 3), Paris 1-2 Lesson 4 (Module 4), Parts 1-2 Lesson 1 and Part 1 Lesson 2 (Module 5), 2011 © Pravo Publishers, 2011 ISBN 978-966-458-222-0NEPEAMOBA Jlannii asyansunii noci6umk nprsnavenuit ju posBuTKy aNrnoMoBAHX HaBAYOK i yMiHG crysenris topramimux cnevianbuocteit Ha pinui Gakatanpa, HeoOxiquicrs nirorosxu nogiGHoro TOciOHMKa NOACHIOCTECH AMiNAMH, MO BIAGyNHCS B OCTaHHE AecaTHpivus. Sik 3asHa¥acTECA y nosiii Tunosiit TIporpami wit Bux saKanis ocsiTH 3 HaBNAHHA aHTviiicRKo! MOBH sR mpodecitiioro crismkysanns, posumpersia Export npHBeNO NO PANMKANGHHX sMiK y ccepi ocwirH. PosGyntosa esponelicsxoro npoctopy BMIO! OcnITH BHICyBAC CKIAMHI SABTAMNIA MONO IOLTUICHHA MobixsHocri crynerTip, Gib ehexTHBHOTO MikHAapogHOTO crinkyBanHs, nerMIoro AocTyHy 10 indopmanii Ta Ginsim raHGoKoro Bsacmoposysinns. Came B pycni TaKHX TeHTeNMf mociGruK HOIBONAC CTYsIeHTAM POSBHRATH MoBHY KOMMeTeHHiKO Hi erparerii, aKi IM HeOOXizHH LIK esbeTHBHOT yeacti y npoueci nasvanna im Tux curyauisx npodecitinoro chimkynaHHs, B SIKHX BOHK MOKYTs ommunries. Bimioniaao ao Jepxaanoro cransapty 6as080i Ta noBHoi ceperrbo! ocsitH, BeTyManit piper BoTOniHHA iHoseMHOIO MOBO! aGiTypicHTin BAMINX saKTaiB OCBITH Mac GyTH He HWVYHM piBtit BI+. Came Ha Takuit Bxiuinit pines i pospaxonaunii nociOumK, Skmo 2% peambunit pipers BOTONIAEA IHOJeMHOIO MOBOIO BETYTHMKiR 0 KOHKPETHOTO RMUIOTO 3aKNTANIY OCBITH € HIDKYUM pibus BJ+, 70, BiqmosigHo Zo pexomenanii Uporpanar za BHMHX 3aKnaytin ocBiTH 3 HABANA auraificexoi MoBH a8 npodecitinoro criumkyBaHHs, AOUiIbHO opranizopyRarH (pakyseTaTHBHi KypcH 2 anrnificsKol Moai, aGH nizuixTH skicTs Bono HeIO s10 pinta B+ Basnaiaiown uinsoanii pines cryaentis, aki Gynyth HasdaTuca 3a JaHHM HociGHNKOM, cHin Gyo BpaxysarH icHyroui BHMOTH UfOZO piitip BosoTiMtA iKOSeMEOIO MOBOIO B aKageMiuHoMy i npodeciiisdomy cepexoBHMtax y cBiTOBHX MacmITaGax. TaKi BHMOTH BapiroroTEcH 3astexHO Bi cep moncexoi aiamsHocri, Jo poGorH B sKiit rorylorbea cryseHTH. Tporpana 28 BHO gaxnanis oceiTi 3 HanuatHa aHrvilichKol MOBH 114 mpodecifioro crinkyBaNHs BiZHOCHTS Mpano 10 cnenianisauii, 110 BuMarac cKaHO! MoBHO! HoBEsinKH. Bixnoniqno [Iporpama snaHavae pines B2 ak iMosipio mpuitusruni sis Gaxananpis y ranysi upasa, OGcar sacy, HeoOxizenii six nooarHenns srajanoro pints, 2a YMOBH, WO sikicTH ROMIOMIFTHA IHOSEMHOIO MoBOIO AaGiTypicHTiB € He HIDAIOO pips B/+, sraxana Tporpama ouimioc y 200 ayauropuux rons, Came Ha Taxy KinbxicTs rosin i pospaxonannii 1aHnii nociOnm«, Jlocarnentis GuibIN BHCOKHX pinain MoACIHBe 92 yMOBH SGiNbINCHIS Kinbxocti ayaMTOpHHX TOMH 3 PaXyHOK BReeHEA BinMORITHHX creuKypeis Ta akymsTaTHBHHX aaHATE, Buxogsm i3 aMicty aumor xo pinast B2, a rakoxk Tporpan Js BHI saKtastiB OoRITH 3 HapsaHHa axraificeKo! MoBH juid Mpo*pecifinoro cninkysanas, Sys chopmymbosani saBuaHHA, AOCATHeHHA AKHX Gy BUSHAICHO MeTOIO HABYaHHLA B MEKAX aHOTO TOciGHHKA. BiztosizHo 10 sMicTy SraaHiiX SaBLaHb, aHTAOMOBHa KOMYHIKATHBHA KOMMeTeHIA BHIYCKHMKA, 10 onepaKyC ctynins Gaxasappa y rany3i mpasa, Mac o3RonATH ioMy ebeXTHBHO cHiimkyBaTHeA aHTTIiichKOIO Mono1O y mpodecitinomy ceperoBnmi, a came: 1) oGrosoproRATH aXORI MHTAHHA Jour OCATHEHHS noporyMinuis 11 cnippoamonnnkom; 2) snificwonarn nyGnivai eucryn 3 mpodeciiisx mira, aacroconyioi pismonini saco6u nepOasiioi Komynixauii ra opmat eens nucKycii, 3) sHaxoaiTTH HoBy irtbopMauio, mo MicTHTTECR B aHTTOMOBHITK axon MaTepiaax, KOpHCTyIONNCS BiAMOBiZUUNNK NOMTYKOBAMM MeToZAMG i TepMizonoricio; 4) artanisynaTH AHTNOMOBHTI MPKEpETA Jt OTPHNaHH ZaNHX, HeOGXIHHX IA BUKOHAMHA Mpoecilinux aan Ta npHiuarra npopeciitenx pitments; 5) crnopionarn auraomoani TeKcTHt H HOKyMeHTH 2 baxoRHX MuTaHD; 6) BeCTH AiOBY it mpoipeciiiny mepenicky 3 ypaxyRaHHaM MbKKYRMTYpHHX KOMYHIKATHBHUX Ta mpodecilixnx oco6smocteif; 7) nepexianata npodecittti texcra 3 anrnificekoi MoBH Ha yKpaiHcbKy Ta HaBIIaKH, KOPHCTYIONHICE JBOMOBHHMH TepMiHONOTIMHHIMH CHOBHITKAMH, BKIHOWAIO'H ENEKTPOHH Bizmosiano 0 pexomertaniii Mporpamit 21s BHLX saKIaiB OCBITH 3 HaBAHA anrnificeKol MOBH Juin mpoecilinioro cninkynanus, aMicT MlociGHMKa aopicHToRAHHi! sx Ha crypeNTa, TaK i Ha Mpottec Hapyanns i Gasyersca Ha CYSACHHN AMIAKTHENX NPMHNHMTAX BHINIANAHKA i BHBYEHHS MOB. Peanizauia srananux nipusnumiin cnpamonaia Ha ycBiOMNeHHA MORHUX MixkKY"BTYpHHX ocoGmmpocteH Ta po3sBHTOK HaBuanbHOI KoMMeTeHUii, a TaKOK 3OcepemKye ysary Ha 4souioxyabrypomy sMicti, Texcronomy xapaxrepi Komysixanii 1a axrunizayii intepecy sTygeutis. Xapaxrepxoro ocoGmiaicrio nociGuka ¢ intterposarnit possHtoK ycix WoTupBox (roBopixits, 2YAIOBAHHA, UHTAHHA Ta MMcBMO) MOBeHHERHX yMitt 3 MeToIO niemueHa exexrHEHocTi SopMyBaHHA KOMyHikaTHBHO! KoMnerennii crygeHTiB 3a paxyHOK BHKOHAaHHA pi3sHoOMaHiTHHX ; International Covenant’ on Civil and Political Rights. — Available from: ; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. — Available from: —. TOssKA AsropH BucnoBMoWoTs rnuGoKy Basinicts «Acouianii iopcrin urrary Oraiion 1a «@onny iopucris uraty Oraiio» 3a HaaHHa.no3RONY BHKOpHCTAHHA ixnboro BHaHHA (The Law and You. ~ OSBE&OSBF: Columbus, 1993) npu niarotosni 160r0 Hoci6AHKa, ocoSucTO suey «Acouianii topucrin urraty Oraiioy nany Eay Mapxey (Mt. Hvnninnari, CHIA), a raKox kepisnuuray Hauiowansuoi wopumuunoi akayemii Vxpaiun imeui Spocsasa Myzporo (m. Xapxin) 3a nigrpumky ® mpoueci craopenus uboro nociGHuKa, 3oKpema mpopexropy 3 HaBIaIbHO-MeTomMMHO! poGoTH axanemixy Komapopy B’svecaany Bacanopmyy, suit HAJUXHY® Wa peamtisantzo HbOTO TIPOEKTY. 10PREFACE The textbook is intended for the development of the communicative competence in Legal h of undergraduate students majoring in Law. The need for the textbook is explained by the anges that have been happening in the last decade. As it is stated in the new ESP National Core Curriculum for Universities, the expansion of Europe resulted in the radical changes in education, Tae development of the European space of higher education has contributed to the emergence of nw challenges related to the increase of students’ mobility, better international communication, ier access to information and more profound mutual understanding. It is in the framework of such tendencies that the present textbook helps the students to develop their communicative -mpetence and the strategies required to effectively participate in the learning process, as well as sn the situations of professional communication they may find themselves in. According to the National secondary school standard, the school-leaving proficiency level should be at least B/+. It is exactly this level that the text is based on, If the students’ entry level is selow B/+, the new ESP National Core Curriculum for Universities recommends to encourage students to bridge the gap through extra training offering optional language courses to them. Determining the target level of students who are going to use this textbook, one should take into account the existing requirements for language proficiency levels in academic and professional environments worldwide. Those requirements vary depending on the sphere of human activity the scadents are going to work in. The new ESP National Core Curriculum for Universities classifies Law as a linguistically emanding specialism. Accordingly, the Curriculum determines the B2 level as probably acceptable wr the Bachelor of Law’s degree courses. The above mentioned Curriculum estimates the amount of zontact hours needed to reach the B2 level starting from B/+ level as being equal to 200. It is exactly this amount of time that the present textbook is based on. The higher levels may be achieved chrough offering extra language courses to the students. Taking into account the target level of students and the requirements of the new ESP National Core Curriculum for Universities, the tasks of teaching Legal English in the framework of the present textbook, have been formulated as follows. The Bachelor of Law’s communicative competence in Legal English should enable himv/her to efficiently communicate in professional surroundings: 1) discuss professional issues to reach mutual understanding; 2) make public speeches on professional issues using appropriate means of verbal communication and debating; 3) find the new information contained in professional materials in English using appropriate search methods and terminology; 4) analyze English language sources to obtain data required to accomplish professional tasks and taking professional decisions; 5) produce texts and documents related to professional issues in English; 6) conduct business and professional correspondence taking into account intercultural communicative and professional peculiarities; 7) translate professional texts from English into Ukrainian and vice versa using two-language dictionaries, including electronic ones. According to the recommendations of the ESP National Curriculum for Universities, the textbook is both student- and language acquisition-centered, basing on modem didactic principles of language teaching and learning that guarantees the realization of intercultural differences and the development of cognitive competence. The course also focuses on the sociocultural and textual aspects of communication, as well as on its professional content. The underlying idea of the integrative development of all skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) contributes to the improvement of students’ communicative competence by means of accomplishing professionally oriented communicative tasks. However this approach is flexible. Though the majority of tasks are based on the communicative approach, the teachers are encouraged to use any methods or ways they view as necessary and efficient within a particular period of teaching. Striving to implement the principles of Common European Framework of "Reference for Languages (CEF 2001), the authors of the textbook tried to adapt the content of the students” language training with the requirements of their professional development. ‘An important objective of the textbook is stimulating the students’ independence, the development of their critical thinking, ability to solve problems, present ideas etc, thus contributing to the students’ integrative development of language, pragmatic and intercultural competence development. The textbook is skill-oriented and modular in its structure, including five modules, one module per each of the five semesters. The modules are further subdivided into Lessons and Parts with the amount of the latter depending on the amount of appropriate material. Each part is intended for one class-period, including the students’ independent and home work, as well as optional tasks, enabling the consistency and variability of teaching and learning, and its individualization, The textbook strives to achieve the aims proclaimed in the ESP National Curriculum for Universities (p.33-34); 1) practical: to develop students’ general and professionally oriented communicative language competences (linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic) to allow them to communicate effectively in their academic and professional environments; 2) educational: to develop students’ general competences (declarative knowledge, skills and know-how, ability to learn), self-evaluation and autonomous learning; 3) cognitive: to expose students to the types of activities that develop their cognitive abilities; 4) developmental: to form general competences to develop students’ values and ideals, as well as to foster students’ confidence as users of the language and positive attitudes toward leaning the target language; 5) to develop students’ critical self-awareness, interpersonal skills and willingness to participate in the functioning of intemational environment; 6) socio-cultural: to develop a broad understanding of important and different intemational socio-cultural problems to conduct efficient communication in intercultural professional situations. The content of the textbook is the function of the principles of its organization, the language proficiency levels as specified in the CEF (2001) and meets the Ukrainian established national standards in language teaching and leaming. The course is based on the clear-cut aims and objectives of teaching, professional and cognitive skills, embracing the professional (job-related areas), situational (job-related situations) and pragmatic (practical skills) components; takes into account the students’ needs and experience; has a modular structure. The content of the textbook is directed at the development of professional communicative competence, i.e. a language behavior specific for the professional environment of future lawyers Such behavior, in its turn, requires speech skills, as well as socio-linguistic and pragmatic competences needed for performing job-related tasks. Speech skills, as it has been mentioned before, are developed in an integrated way, however such integration is carried out according to the language behavior specific for the specialism-related spheres and situations ~ priority is given to those which are considered more important in a given situation. Translation skills, being part of a wider category of mediation competence, which also includes summarizing and paraphrasing texts in the same language, is determined in the ESP National Curriculum for Universities as a ‘by-product of learning’, that is why the role of translation (except for the control of understanding texts in English) is limited and is mostly reduced to the control of acquisition of the vocabulary items related to the appropriate part of the textbook by means of the last exercise in each Part of the textbook Lessons. Lexical and grammatical competences, being part of a wider category of linguistic competences, are developed through exercises, whose types and correlation varies substantially depending on the stage of teaching/leaming and the material to be acquired. Language functions required to fulfill the communicative tasks are defined by the specialism-related context being dealt with at the given stage of teaching/leaming. The semantic competence, i.e, the leamer’s awareness and control of the organization of meaning, is integrated into the development of communicative competence as issues of meaning are of paramount importance for communication. 12Phonological, orthographic and orthoepic competences, according to the ESP National Curriculum for Universities, are developed only to the extent necessary to communicate orally and in writing within a professional environment as required by the target B2 level of language proficiency. The socio-cultural competence, ie. the leamer’s awareness and interpretation of different aspects of culture and language behavior in the professional environment, is also integrated into the development of communicative competence by means of appropriate content selection. Professional communicative competence, which is a focus in this textbook, is developed through the performance of various exercises based on the texts, containing the information required by future lawyers to communicate in job-related situations The textbook is professionally oriented, and its content is organized according to the general professional skills needed in various types of job-related spheres and situations. Those skills are manifested in various types of communicative behavior. The general distribution of job-related topics and skills, as well as language functions is as follows. The distribution of topics, job-related skills and language functions in the textbook. ‘Module I. State Government System in the USA, United Kingdom and Ukraine —_ (40 hours) Job-related topies ____Jobr State Government System: Sources and Branches | Reading for information of Power UK Legislative Power. Parliament Expressing attitude US Legislative Power. Congress Establishing contacts = Legislative Power in Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada _ | Developing c “US Executive, President Reading for information “US Executive. Government Requesting information. Proposals UK Executive Power. Monarch Reading for information UK Executive Power. Government Reading for information —_ Executive Power in Ukraine. President and Presenting information Government _ __ | US Political Parties Reading for information US Elections Presenting information UK Political Parties | Developing contacts UK Elections _ Reading for information Political Parties 1g for information ions in Ukraine Module 2. Court System and Legal Procedure in Civil and Criminal Cases (40 hours | lated topies ___Tob-related skills _ [US Constitution | Reading for information proc UK Constitutional Process | Presenting information. | Constitution of Ukraine | Reading for information processing [US Court System | Presenting information. [UK Court System’ _ | Reading for information processing Ukrainian Court System | Developing contacts US Civil Procedure - 1 [Reading for information processing _ - ___ Requesting information Proposals [Expressing attitude Civil Procedure in Ukraine | Presenting information a US Criminal Procedure - 1 [Presenting information. Reading for information processingUK Criminal Procedure Expressing attitude (Criminal Procedure in Ukraine Presenting information Module 3. Trial and Post-Trial Procedures (40 hours) Job-related topics | Main Principles of Trial Job-related skills Writing reports, letters etc. | Jury and Non-Jury Cases Writing reports, letters etc. Division of Labor Between Judge and Jury Writing reports, letters etc. Choosing the Jury Writing reports, letters etc. Opening Statements __ Presentation of Evi [Writing reports, letters etc Writing reports, letters etc Direct and Cross Writing reports, letters etc Objections Writing reports, letes et. Exhibits (Tangible Evidence) Closing Arguments Writing reports, letters etc. Jury Instruction Writing reports, letters etc. | Jury Deliberation and Verdict Judgments and Enforcement in Civil Cases Writing reports, letters etc. | Writing reports, letters etc. | Post-Trial Motions. Writing reports, letters etc. | “Module 4. Types of Offenses, Penalties and Constitutional Rights Job-related topics (40 hours) | _Job-related skills: | Notion of Offense. Burden of Proof. Presenting information and passing it over Types of Offenses — 1 [ Presenting information and passing it over Types of Offenses — 2 Presenting information and passing it over | | Penalties and Sentencing —1 Presenting information and passing it over Penalties and Sentencing — 2 Presenting information and passing i | Penalties and Sentencing Structure Presenting information and passing it over Firearm Enhancement for Felonies Presenting information and passing it over Sentencing — 1 Presenting information and passing it over Sentencing —2 Presenting information and passing it over Non-probational offenses Presenting information and passing it over Constitutional Rights. Search and Seizure Presenting information and passing it over Notice of the Charge. Presenting information and passing it over Other Constitutional Rights — Presenting information and passing it over Other Constitutional Rights — 2 Presenting information and passing it over | 14Module 5. International Organizations, European Law and International Covenants on Human Rights (40 hours) Job-related top Job-related skills United Nations Debating European Union _ Debating, ropeanLaw Debating Organization for Security and Cooperation in | Debating Europe _ NATO ___| Debating _ Universal Declaration of Human Rights Debatiny International Covenant on Civil and Political | Debating Rights _ ‘onomic, Social and | Debating International Covenant on Cultural Rights aan eee The system of exercises in the textbook is closely related to the integrative approach discussed above. The actual work directed at the development of skills and sub-skills is preceded by brainstorming tasks where students activate the available group knowledge enriching the collective knowledge which also becomes the individual knowledge of each individual in the group. It prepares the students for the next exercise where, on the basis of a coherent text, the first portion of the background knowledge together with appropriate terminological vocabulary zo mark the constituent notions are introduced. The task of the pre-textual exercises (to develop anticipation and contextual guessing mechanisms) is the preliminary acquisition of vocabulary items the students are going to come across in the text later. The aim of the textual exercises is the retention of the mentioned vocabulary items on the text level, as well as the acquisition of the system of basic notions being the components of a corresponding segment of the future lawyers’ professional activity. At the post-textual stage the students leam to apply the acquired notions and terminology to solve new communication problems using the additional information contained in the supplementary texts, i.e. the aim of this stage is the development of speech skills. For the sake of the variety, recursive methods are widely used where the students accomplish 2-3 exercises on the basis of the same text but carrying out different operations cach time, analyzing the information in the text from different points of view, which results in the involuntary acquisition both of its content and the appropriate vocabulary. ‘The assessment of students’ communicative competence should be carried out on a permanent basis. Formative assessment may include formal tests (e.g. filling in the gaps, multiple choice etc) or evaluation of the students’ language behavior in given situations, their presentations on a given topic, assessment of their creative writing or reports on the results of studying appropriate sources. The formative assessment is expected to be carried out 2-3 times per semester and enables the teacher to have a permanent feedback. The formative assessment data may result in some syllabus changes provided the actual results deviate from the expected ones. Modular assessment, carried out at the end of each module, is recommended to be carried in the FCE (First Certificate in English) format, i.e. by means of a complex test consisting of 4 parts, the content of which varies depending on the module. Odd module test structure may include the following tasks: 1) listening comprehension test (20 minutes, 2 tests: I - listening for gist, Il — listening for details) may have the form of yes/no questions, multiple choice, filling in the gaps or tables, unfinished sentences etc; 2) reading test (30 minutes, 2 texts: the functions of the texts and the tasks are the same as for listening comprehension), the structure of reading exercises in the textbook is roughly similar to the one used in the tests; 3) writing (30 minutes, creative writing task (see Recommendations on Creative Writing Work at the end of the textbook),Even module test structure is as follows: 1) listening comprehension test (20 minutes, 2 tests: I — listening for concrete information, II ~ listening to recognize the meaning and attitude), the form being the same as in odd modules; 2) reading test (30 minutes, 2 texts: the functions of the texts and the tasks are the same as in odd modules); 3) writing (30 minutes, writing a 120-word essay according to the assignment). The students’ speaking competence is assessed separately at several end-of-module classes (18-24 minutes at each class): the students are tested in pairs (6 minutes per each pair, 2 tasks 1 comparing, contrasting and speculation on the basis of a visual aid (photo, picture); II - the expansion of the topic dealt with in part I with the transfer of the discussion to the professional areas of future lawyers. While the two students are being tested, the rest of the students are engaged in doing exercises from the textbook. End-of-Course assessment has a comprehensive character and corresponds to the full format of the FCE (First Certificate in English) test, i.e. it combines the tasks of the odd and even modules test structure and correspondingly requires two classes (160 minutes). This type of assessment enables to establish whether the students have achieved the level expected by the ESP National Curriculum for Universities and this textbook. This textbook is complemented by a CD with the texts read by native speakers to develop listening comprehension competence. English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English vocabularies at the end of each part make the textbook leamer-friendly while the Teacher's Book, with the keys to the most complicated exercises and the Tapescripts section, provides for its being teacher- friendly as well. We also recommend specialized law dictionaries (see: KapaGax B. I. Anro- ykpainesknii topumanit cnosaux. — Binanus: Hosa ximra, 2003; KapaGax B. 1. YepaittebKo-anrailicoKuit iopamesimit cnomuux. ~ Binunns: Hosa xura, 2004). The experimental teaching on the basis of this textbook, carried out at the School training lawyers for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs within Yaroslav Mudryi National Law Academy of Ukraine (Kharkiv), showed that it provides for the efficient development of the future lawyers’ job-related communicative competence. In the process of preparing the textbook the authors used the Internet resources, as well as the following publications: Banna M. I, Anrzo-yxpainicpxui copa: 8 2 1, — K.: Ocnira, 1996; KapaGan B. I. Anrso- yxpaincokuii opaauminit cnopanx. — Binuuus: Hona xuura, 2003; KapaGan B. I. Vxpaisnesxo- anrniticskuit topuaMsnMii cnopAMK. — Binunus: Hosa xuura, 2004; Tporpama 3 auraificsxoi MoBH ui mpodeciiioro cuinkysanns / Kon. asr.: P. €. Baxaena, O. A. Bopucenxo, I. €. 3yeHox ta in. — K. : Jlewnir, 2005; PeOpii O. B. TMepexnan anrnomopHoi rpomancsKo-nominiaHoi aiteparypu: Cxponeiicsknii cows Ta inwi mixwapogui opranisauii. ~ Binnwus : Hosa Ken 2009; Yeprosarnii JI. M., KapaGan B. I., Inanxo 10. IL, Jlinxo I. I. Tepennay aurnomopei jopnawnoi sirepatypu. ~ Binns: Hosa xuura, 2006; YepHonaruit JI. M., KapaGan B. I. 1a int Tlepexaa aurioMosHoi rpomasicKo-rlonitH4Hoi xiTeparypi: Cucrema nepxapHoro ympaBsinnst CUIA: Hava. noci6. qi BH3.— Bintmus: Howa xuura, 2006; Yeponarnit JI. M., Kapa- Gan B. I, Panivena T. B. ra in. Mepexnay anraomosnoi rpomascsKo-ronitHsHoi aiteparypH: Mixvapoani yroam y raaysi npan moayun: Hany, noci6. ata crys. BH3. — Binauus: Hona xuura. — 2006; Evans V. Successful Writing. Intermediate. - Newbury: Express Publishing, 2000; Evans V. Successful Writing. Upper Intermediate. - Newbury: Express Publishing, 2004; Focus on Britain, — L.: Foreign and Commomwealth Office, 2003; Modern Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment: A Common European Framework of Reference. ~ Council for Cultural Cooperation, Education Committee. ~ Strasbourg, 2001. — htpp.//www.ecml.at/default. asp; Oxford Collocations Dictionary of English. - OUP, 2002; The Law and You. -— OSBE&OSBF: Columbus, 1993; Transparency in Government. — Vienna: US Dept of State, 2000; Universal Declaration of Human Rights. — Available from: ; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. — Available from: ; Intemational Covenant on Economic, 16Social and Cultural Rights. — Available from: MpeqcTapHuKis Mae BHHATKOBe HPaBO BHCYBATH SBUHYBAYEHHA y HeHATeKHiit HoBeiMi TocaoRoT ocoSu, 110 Moxke Mpanecru 0 mpouecy y cmpasi po immisnent. 3 inuoro Goxy, Cewar mae BHKgHOUKE MpARO RecTH cHpARH Upo inmivMeHT i BISHABATE ypRIOBLIB BUEHHMEL ie HEBIEEHHMHL Busnaitia dbenepansHoro ypaoRiUA BHHKHM mpH3BoHTS 20 Horo yeyHenHs 3 epaBHO! OCA. Koxerityuia pumarae, wo cenarop CLIA Gys He Momoamms TpHIsTH poxin, Gys rpomaganuuom Cnosyyeunx Liratis monaiimenme mpotsrom ocrannix gep’aTH poKis Ta Metl- KalieM Toro uITaTy, Bi aKkOro Horo OSHpaioTs. Unewamit maTaTH MpencTaBHHKiB MOXYTS cTaTH ocoGu He Monoguli 25 poxip, ski ¢ rpomansHamu CUA mporarom ocrasHix ces poxis i MEIUKAHUAMH LITATIB, BI AKHX BOHH OGHpatoTécs 20 KoHTpecy. UhrarH MoxyTs sampoBamrrit HOMaTKoBI BHMOTH WIA OOpania KOHTpecMena, ale KOHCTHTYLIA Haslae KOKHIH nanati mpaso nu3HayarH auMorH 0 cuoix siesta Cenatopn oSupaioraes Ha auGOpax, aranbHHX WIA BeLOTO UrTaTy. [fi BAGopH MpoBOARTECH Y RuCOKocHI poxH. CenaTopcsxuii Mawar silicHHii mporarom wecTHpisHoro crpoKy, ii Hepes KoAHI Ra POKH OANA TpeTHHA ceHATopia MepeoGupacrses. OTOK BAXOAHTS, INO Hi TpPeTHEH cenaropin 2amkin mpescranieni mogbsH, ski BKE MalOTe HeBHHit SaKOHOTROpMIH s0CaiA, garassHoepkaBHOTO piBH. VOCABULARY ENGLISH — UKRAINIAN Congress Kourpec additional requirements onarkoni sHMorH adjust swintonatuca at the national level sarampnonepyastioro pitta based on each state's population BIGHANAETECH NHCENBHICTIO HACEICHHR KOAHOTO urrary composed of mo cknanaeTHcr 3 congressional district puopsiit oxpyr current cysacnitii, mo € Ha cborosti entitled (to) ‘wae mpaso (Ha) estimated 3a oUiKaMH, aK BH@KACTHCR even-numbered years api pox House of Representatives. nanara —npexcrasnuKis §— (HipKHA —nanara Kourpecy) legislative experience saKonoTBopynii nocnia membership sneneT#o national census saranbioKanionanbunii nepenc Hacenenna original constitutional provision. neppicne xontcrutyntime nomorenita population shifts MINH SHicenbHocTi HaceneHHt qualifications BuMOTH 10 sieHis Kourpecy redistribution of House seats nepeposmoain xinsxocri micue y nanari 38resident Senate senatorial representation senatorial term specified in the Constitution stand for election state legislatures statewide elections Powers of the House and Senate acceptable to both sides add amendments authority bring charges of misconduct conference committee confirm presidential appointments disapprove find (not) guilty finding of guilt impeachment trial introduce legislation negative vote nullify executive action public purse raising revenue ratify treaties removal from public office revenue bill sole right specially reserved powers work out a compromise MemnKanen Cenar (sepxna niatara Konrpecy) Mpencrasiuitrso 8 Cenarti ceHaTopesKnii Maxnar (repaint y Cena) OGymonneHnit KoHcrHTyLier Gytu KanHaaTom Ha BAGOpAX saKonosassi oprani mraty BuOopn, 3aranbii JUL BeBOFO mITaTy Tosnosaxenns nanaTu npexcranunnis iCenary npuitaatait sara oGox cropitt oslanara nompankH TosHosaxeHHa BNCYNaTH SBHHYRANEHHS y HeNatenHitt nOBeAiEL riocanono! ocooHt noromaysaunbuli kowiTer saTBepmxyaaTH NpesmmeHTebKi NpHsHANCHHA mporoaocynani npoti BHSHaRATHC (He) BHATHN BHSHOHESA BHHEIEM npouce y cnpasi mpo inmiument BHnOcHTH 1a oGroBoperHs 3aKoHONpOEKTH eraTHBisil pesy:nsrar rosIOcy BARA CKACOBYBATH BHKOHABYY iO MpestiteHreLKOrO OKYMEHTA nepxannnit raanen sGupaniia nepaawiiex oxoniB patnixysarit zorosopx. yoynenia 3 nepxxapntoi nocam Sakonlonpoext npo 36ip HeprxasAHx Joxonis BHHATKOBE Mpaso crentiansno naqani nosHosaxcenn BupoSarit xoxmpomic nrepebynan UKRAINIAN ~ ENGLISH Kourpee Gyr Kanmnsatom Ha BHGOpAX auOopu, saranbui 28 BCborO UrTaTy uGopsnit oKpyr BIDHAYACTHCH THCeMBHICTIO HACeNIEHHE KOXHOTO urraty BuMOrH s10 suteHis Koxrpecy AoaTKoBi BERMOTH 3a ontitnKanat sarambHosepxasnoro pipas saranbHOHaltionanbiMil nepenic HacenenHs saKoHOAaBsi oprani mraTy saKoHoTsopanii nocpin Minit sHcembHOcTi KacenenHa SMintopatHes ae mpaso (11a) semkanreu o6yMonnent KoneruTyie% nanara — npesicrapatkin Kourpecy) Rapti port nepsicHe KOHCTHTYIIIHE NONOXKCHEA nepeposmonia kiabKocti micub y mazari (awa nanara Congress stand for election statewide elections congressional district based on each state's population qualifications additional requirements estimated at the national level national census state legislatures legislative experience population shifts adjust entitled (to) resident specified in the Constitution House of Representatives. even-numbered years original constitutional provision redistribution of House seatsnpencrawunurao 8 Cenati Conar (nepxus nianara Kourpecy) cenaTopesKuii Manziar (Tepin mepeSynanns y Cenati) ‘cywacnnit ‘neHCTBO mo € Ha choront 0 cKsrastac AK BRODKACTACA Tosnosaxenns nasatu nperctasaunis iCenaty uoHaRaTa (He) mm BHHOCHTH 1a OGrOROPEHHS 3aKoHOMpOCKTH BHNaTKOBE Mpano sBHpOGHTH KoMMpOMic BICyBaTH SBHYAAYeHHA y HeHaTexiit nonenint rrocaitono! ocobit eprannuit remanent monanaris nompaBkH 3aKOHOMpOeKT Mpo 36ip AepxaBHNX NOXORiB saTBepaKysaTH MpesHmeHTCEK: MpHSHAICHNR sOupannis nepxapHnx 2OxosiB werarusunii pesymstar roiocysanns TopHORAKeHHs noromaysarbinit KoMiTeT puiiustuit 1x oGox cropix mporoxocysarH nporit mpouec y cmpani npo immiswent patuixysara noropopit CkACOBYRATH BHKOHABSY iI MpesHTeHTeHKOTO noKymenra creitiatbHo HavlaHti nosHoBaKeHHA yeynlens 3 nepxxapioi nocam TTT TT rr senatorial representation Senate senatorial term current membership current composed of estimated Powers of the House and Senate find (not) guilty finding of guilt introduce legislation sole right work out a compromise bring charges of misconduct public purse add amendments revenue bill confirm presidential appointments raising revenue negative vote authority conference committee acceptable to both sides disapprove impeachment trial ratify treaties nullify executive action especially reserved powers removal from public officePART 4. THE GRAND LAWMAKING ASSEMBLEY 1. Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. unicameral A. relating to or happening inside a country _i, mpeeranenna 2. amendment B. long-lasting ii, puKmoaHo 3. submission C. profitable iii, paraixynarn 4, mandate D. only iv. aopaninit 5. gainful E. appoint (the date etc) \V. TiapHeMaMNbKHi 6.entrepreneurial _F. period of parliament work between the two vi, mpuSyTKOBHi general elections 7. supervisory G. modification vii, nocriiismit 8. profit-secking __-H. give formal approval (to treaty, etc.) viii, mania 9, immunity 1. authorization ix. npasomownnit 10. convocation J. having the legal power x. BuyTpinmniii 11. competent K. overall number xi, HenoTopKanuicts 12. exclusively L. protection against law-enforcement bodies xii, onuontanarunii 13. plenary M. enterprising xiii. KoHTpomoromnit 14, deliberative N. observing xiv. mnenapauii 15, call (elections ete) O. oriented to get money by selling things xv, ckmkans 16, permanent P. attended by all the members xvi. cKuraut 17. ratify Q. cancel (the treaty, etc.) xvii, nompanka 18, denounce R. having one chamber xviii. naniaennii na orpumansia npnoyTey 19. composition S. proposal xix. mpysauarnt 20. domestic T. advisory XX, anysOBATH 2. Work in pairs. Discuss the following: What do you know about the Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada? Where is its seat? How many chambers does it have? How many deputies are there? What are the functions of the Verkhovna Rada? How often are Ukrainian MPs elected? 4l3. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1. On the President's proposal the Verkhovna Rada appoints top public officers, including the Prosecutor General. 2. Judges for long-lasting terms and one-third of the Constitutional Court are elected by the Verkhovna Rada. 3. The Ukrainian parliament gives formal approval to international treaties or cancels them. 4. In some cases the Verkhovna Rada may propose changes to the Constitution and vote for them, §, The Ukrainian parliament takes an active part in the formulation of internal and foreign policies. 7. Decisions of the Verkhovna Rada are valid only when they are taken at the mectings that should be attended by all its members. 8. The Ukrainian parliament can impeach the President or appoint his elections, as well as the elections of local self-government bodies. 9. The Verkhovna Rada, within each period of parliament work between the two general elections, has the legal power if at least two-thirds of the constitutional overall number of deputies has been elected. 10. The members of the Ukrainian parliament cannot be involved in any for-profit or business activity, they cannot be members of any observation councils of an enterprise, either. 11. The Ukrainian parliamentarians, elected for five years, cannot hold any other representative authorization, they cannot be part of any commercial activity, either. 12. Only if the Ukrainian parliamentarians observe this non-involvement rule, they are guaranteed the deputy protection against law-enforcement bodies. 13, The Verkhovna Rada is composed of 450 elected deputies sitting in a one-chamber representative advisory assembly. Work in p: Read the text and fill in the table below. The Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, is a unicameral representative deliberat assembly composed of 450 elected deputies. The term of office is five years. Deputies of Ukraine shall not have any other representative mandate, be in the civil service, hold any other paid offices, carry out other gainful or entrepreneurial activity, or be a member of the governing body or supervisory council of an enterprise or a profit-seeking organization. They are guaranteed parliamentary immunity. The Verkhovna Rada of each convocation is competent on the condition that no less than two-thirds of its constitutional composition has been elected Decisions are taken exclusively at plenary meetings by voting in person, The Verkhovna Rada formulates domestic and foreign policies, introduces amendments to the Constitution, adopts laws, the State Budget and the Activity Program of the Cabinet, impeaches the President, calls elections of the President and local self-government bodies, ratifies and denounces international treaties, declares war and peace, exercises certain control functions, elects judges for permanent term and one-third of the Constitutional Court. Upon the submission by the President, the Verkhovna Rada appoints to office the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defense, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Head of the Security Service, the Head of the National Bank and the Prosecutor General. Upon the submission by the Prime Minister the Verkhovna Rada appoints other ministers and officials. The Verkhovna Rada dismisses the Prime Minister, the Cabinet members and the officials mentioned above. Obligations of the Verkhovna Rada Limitations on the Verkhovna Rada and the Deputies and the Deputies They should: ‘They should not: ——_ Ts —>=§ MS.. Work in pairs. Use the table above and tell your partner about the duties and powers of the Verhovna Rada and its deputies. 6. Translate into English ‘A. Bepxonna Paza Yxpainu (BPY) — oxnonasarimii npercrasnaupxuii oprax, skull mac Jopaqunii xapakrep i cknajacrbca 3 YOTHPbOXCOT MsTecsTH OSpanHX HapomHNX JenyTaTin, Tepmin nosiionaxens — mars posi. Haponuum —slenyraram rapanryerses aenyTarcbKa negoropkaiicts, BPY KOKHOTO CKiIHKaHHs € NOBHOBAKHOIO 3a yMOBH OGpaHHs He MCHU 5K BOX TpeTuH nin if KoHCTUTyuifiKNOTO cKNaRy. PinreHHA MpHiiMaOTHCR BHKUHONHO ta MuTeHapHUX 3aciAaHHAX ILIAXOM OcoGHCTOrO roslocyBaHHA. HapogHi AeMyraTH He MOxyT® MATH ixMIOrO NpexcTABHNNBKOTO MaHAATa, GyTH Ha LepKabiiii cnyKGi, OOifiMaTH ini onmayyBani TocaTH, aaiimarica inMOT orvayyRaxo‘ a0 TiANPHEMHUGKOIO AismbHiCTIO, BxOAMTH 0 ckKnaTy KepisHoro oprany 4H Harsiamozoi paan miqnpuemcraa aGo opravizanii, wo Mac Ha Meri orepxanua npuGyrky. Jo nosnosaxer Bepxosnot Pain nanexar: BHeceHH sMit 10 Koxcritynii; npuiinarra saxonip; sarsepaxenna Jlepxasnoro Gromxery; BHaHayeHHA 3acam suyTpinHboi i 30sHinHboi noniTHKH; npusnaverna BHGopis Mpesnrenta; oronomenns crany silitm ii yknayenna Mupy; yeynenna TIpeswlenra 3 nocamu B lopsaiKky ocoGumBo! nponeaypH inniumeuty. BPY sailicmioc npuanavenis Ha nocaal Ta suisbHentis 3 roca, OGupae cymiB Ha noctiiinuit Tepmin ta Tperuuy cknany Koucratynitinoro Cyzy. 7. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences. Deputies of Verkhovna Rada have not /do not have any other representative mandate. Does /is this deputy in the civil service? All deputies are having /have parliamentary immunity. He holds / is holding a paid office now. She does /is doing business while she is /is being a deputy in Verkhovna Rada. The deputies are considering / consider Constitutional amendments all the plenary meeting long. Why is / does Verkhovna Rada of this convocation competent? The deputies are taking / take the decision at the plenary meeting at the moment. Is / does the Parliament approving / approve the state budget after its members have discussed the domestic and foreign policies problems? 10. When do / are the deputies elect / electing judges for permanent term? ay aeeN een Be8. You will hear the speaker talking about the way bills become laws in Ukraine. Listen to the text twice and then describe the legislative procedure using the scheme below. BILL VERKHOVNA {+ > PRESIDENT RADA CABINET ¥ Committee Consideration First reading Second reading Third reading Does not sign = Sign Speaker 23 9. At home write everything you can about Verkhovna Rada, Use the text below and other texts in this Lesson (See also: Discursive Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work). The Verkhovna Rada elects from among its ranks the Chairperson (Speaker), the First Deputy Chairperson (Vice-Speaker), and the Deputy Chairperson. ‘The Speaker presides over parliamentary sessions, signs bills and sends them to the President for promulgation, signs and promulgates parliamentary acts (other than bills), organizes staff work. The Speaker can call special sessions of parliament, and participate in the meetings of the National Security and Defense Council. In case the post of the President of Ukraine becomes vacant, the Speaker becomes acting head of state with limited authority. The Verkhovna Rada establishes committees and temporary special commissions to draft laws, to prepare and conduct the preliminary consideration of issues and temporary investigatory commissions to investigate issues.of public interest. The Authorized Human Rights Representative exercises parliamentary control over the observance of constitutional human and citizens’ rights and freedoms. Deputies can voluntarily unite in a faction provided it consists of at least 14 deputies. 10. Translate into English BPY moxe crsopiosara TuMMacosi cneuiambei xomicif zx nigroroakn i monepestHsoro posrsaay nuvans Ta THMMACORi cri KOMicit AIA MpOBeNeHHA poscaizysaHHA 3 MHTAHD, Wo cTaHonast» cycniasanii intepec. BPY oGupac is cnoro cxnany ronosy (cniKepa), mepmoro 3actyTHMKa { SacTyTINMKa ronoBH Ta nisKkmMKac Ix 3 UX Moca, Crikep opranisopye pobory Ta nianbuicrs ii opranis i nepconany. Hapoaui xenyTarn MoxyTs OGpoBimbHO OG*enHYBATHCA y dpaxuil a ymonn, mo 0 cknamy KOKHO! 3 HHX BXOAATH He MeHU aK 14 aenyratis. Tipaso saKonoyassoi ininiarupn y Bepxosniii Pani nanexnrs npesutentoni, naposHnM nenyraram ta KaGinery Minticrpia. Jlo amicty sakonogassoro npouecy BxonsTe cranit posramty y Ot)pimonizumx xoMirerax Ta TpH YHTaHHS Ha uIeHapHHX sacixanuax, Sxul0 ni wae MOBTOpHOrO posraty 3aKon 6yne 3Hosy mpuiiiaTai BPY ve memm sx moma ‘TperHamMH Bin it KoncTHTyniiioro okay, Fpesent s0608’ssannit jioro mignucarn Ta opinifiio onpamoaunTH nporarom jlecaTn ais. Y pa KIO TpesHmeHT Vepainn we mignucas Tawi 3aKoH, Birt nenimeramio o*initinto onpsstiogtoeTéca rosionot BPY ii onyGnixosyersca a toro riiyutHCoM. VOCABULARY ENGLISH adopt a law amendment to approval assembly Authorized Human Rights Representative call elections civil service Chairperson (Speaker) competent compose composition constitutional membership convocation deem deliberative denounce designate deputy Deputy Chairperson dismiss domestic policies drafting enterprise enter into force entrepreneurial exclusively exercise First Deputy Chairperson (Vice-Speaker) formulate fraction gainful governing body guarantee impeach initiative in person introduce investigate investigatory commission issues of public interest - UKRAINIAN Mpaiivatie saKo8 TompasKa 20 aaTBepmKeHH sop Ynonwosaxenutt 3 npan mroxnt mpustayari suGopu nepwanya cny 6a roxona (enixep) rosionpasiii; npasomowntii exranarn oxnan xoucrutyniiitnit cx, cxsrnKans BBaXKaTH opansnit oronomyaari Heniticet npwstiawan Ha ocany senytat SacTyTHHK ronOBH spinonaTit anpane piryTpitinsof 107 cwTamaHin 3aKOHOMPOEKTY ninnpemcTso, nimnpHenmmnr50 HaGysarH cua (sunHOCTi) TianpHeneuupKHit BUK OSH, THIbKH BuKoHYBaTH (O60B'#3Ki) nepuinii sactynmuk rosionu (Binre-cnixep) hopmysonar paxaia npuGyTKoBnif opralt npassisnis raparrysaru pucysaTH oGpHnyna4 oco6H BHICOKOTO paHry ininiatina ocobitero. BHOoHTH Ha O6roBOpEHHA poseniaysari cninwa Komicia TusTaHH, aKi CTOcyIoTECH nepwaBiNNX inTepecin Bepxoswoi Pann expat ui mpoTH mlocaqosoi 45limited authority oBwexsenti nonnoBaxent mandate Mawar Minister of Defense inictp o6oponn Minister of Foreign Affairs Minicrp saxopxomx enpas obliged 3060p’ aunt observance sonepxanna paid office rocana, pobora 1a sKifl onneuyersea parliamentary session napnanentcaka cecis parliamentary act ar napaawenrty permanent term nioctitisii Tepaint plenary newapuit post nocasta profit-seeking aninennit wa orpytanis npuGyrey promulgate onyGnixonysaru; onpusmoaHionarn promulgation onyGnixynans; onpamoguentis Prosecutor General Tenepansuitii Mpoxypop preliminary consideration nonepesiili posts preside over osomtonati rank pad recall smb from office binknakarn 3 nocau repeat consideration nosropanii posrna representative pexcraBiiik; ynontroparxenuil; generar sign niannicypata(ex) Security Service Cayx6a Gesnexn local self-government bodies Micueni oprann camonpaaysaxna staff work nianbuicts nepeoway State Budget nepskabunii Gomer submit nonapatit wa posrsiea substantiate HanoguTH gocraTii mincrasit substantiated proposal ‘o6rpystonana mponoamis supervisory council warnayona pana temporary, ‘unstaconnit term of office ‘TepMix noRHoaDKeH> under signature sa nianucom upon the submi 9a nponosnuicio vacant innit voluntarily oSposiawno unicameral ogonanarusti without delay neninkaano UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH ar nlapnanenty parliamentary act eRaKaTh deem HKITONHO exclusively suikonypati (0608"s12K0) exercise sucyaard oGauHyRavennx porta nocasiosoi impeach ‘oco6it BHCOKOTO pantry ni gcnmKarH 3 rocamst recall smb from office sina vacant Vice-Speaker (First Deputy Chairperson) bHocHrTn Ha oGronopennt introduce — 6.rapantysant Texepansuntii Mpoxypop Fomopa generar nenyrar nepxasia caryxGa nepasunil Gromxer aismbHicTs nepcowasy nob posinsit0 nostepacarins opansntit sa ninmrcom sa mportosiutiero sactyniik ronOBH saTBepALKeHEA Gopi spins 30608" s3ynaKiii iniuiaruea xonctaryuifintii cat Manmar winiotp saxopaonnnx wintietp o6opon Micteai opraxi camospaitynanna naGypatu cums (sstaHocTi) nanoguinn xocrarui nigerapit naraagosa pana HANAMH BHYTpIIMNBO! oTITHKH auinenuii Ha orpunania mpHByTKy nepinenastwo o6rpynTosana nponosnuis oGMexeni nosnosexenia oronomtysarin nenificm ontionanaTintt onnayysawa nocana onpusiomneHEs oupustionmosara onyGsikonysaru ony6nixysania opran mpansinas oco6neTo oxomosatat napnaweHteska cecik nepuunii sactymaHk ronoBtt pan TNTARHA, aki CTOCyIOTSeR RepKaBHHX iHtTepecia niamucyparu(ea) nianpuesiiirso niampHenmmupxiii nianpwemcrso nacHapeii nostionpasitit nostoptit posraa guarantee Prosecutor General Chairperson (Speaker) representative deputy civil service State Budget staff work voluntarily observance deliberative under signature upon the submission Deputy Chairperson approval assembly dismiss obliged initiative constitutional membership mandate Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Defense local self-government bodies center into force substantiate supervisory council domestic policies profit-seeking without delay substantiated proposal limited authority denounce unicameral paid office promulgation promulgate promulgate promulgation. governing body in person preside over parliamentary session First Deputy Chairperson (Vice-Speaker) issues of public interest sign enterprise entrepreneurial enterprise plenary competent repeat consideration 47nonasaric Ha posrnan nonepennifi posrna, nrompaaka 0 nrocana nocritiemti repaint mpaomosniii penctapunx npxOyrxopnii npranaarn BuGopH Mpwowavarn wa nocany pwiivars saKou poscaiaynarin pan cna cmTarianiia saKoHOMpoeKTy oxanarH crTKaHH niga Komicin Cayrta Gemexn nike TepMixt NoBOR@KeHB raneaconitt ynosnosaxernii Yosnonaxexnit Bepxosnoi Panu Yepainn 3 mpaw moai ‘bopmymosarn obpaxniia TF submit preliminary consideration amendment to post permanent term competent representative gainful call elections designate adopt a law investigate rank composition drafting compose convocation investigatory commission Security Service Speaker (Chairperson) term of office temporary representative Authorized Human Rights Representative formulate fractionLESSON 2 A SUCCESSFUL EXECUTIVE DELEGATES ALL RESPONSIBILITY 1, Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in ES PART 1A. THE WHITE HOUSE IS THE FINEST PRISON IN THE WORLD definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A 1. concurrently 2. presidency 3. recovery 4. succession 5. preside (over) 6. take over 7. incapacitated 8. resumption 9. vacate 10. ratify 11, term in office 12. amplify 13, empower 14. approval 15. faithfully 16. execute 17. responsibility 18. active-duty 19. personnel 20. adopt B A. sanetion B. continuation C. human resources D. in a proper way E, make a written agreement official by signing it F, give the legal right to do something G. at the same time as H. act of taking over an official job or position, or the right to be the next one to occupy it I. add details to J. to0 ill or weak to carry out his/her job K. non-retired L. getting healthy again M. accept N. resign from O. supervise P. take control of an important job or position Q. period of occupying a governmental position R duty S. carry out T. office of president column A with their c i, pinnosnenus ii, sbiawuaTH iii, nactynmmureo iv. yxrasenua v. Ha gificnift enyx6i vi, BHkOMyBATH vii, nanexxnum stuHiom viii. tepmin nepe6ypannia Ha nocani ix, saiinsTH nocany X, YOBHOBaKYBATH xi, yroumionaTHt xii. oaHodacHo xiii, parmbixypara xiv. mlocana npesirenra xv, uITar, Hepeowat xvi. oayaxaHHA xvii. roaonyaarH xviii, o60n"s30K xix, mpuiiwaru (saxon) xx. Heniesnarnnii2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1. There are no limits to the number of candidates for the office of the president in the US presidential election, 2. In 1951the Congress voted for the 22d Amendment, which restricts the president to two periods of occupying his/her position. 3. The vice president serves at the same time as the president. 4. The vice president has the right fo be the next one to occupy the presidential position, and he also supervises the work of the Senate. 5. The vice president has the legal right to take control of the presidential office if the president becomes too ill or weak to carry out his/her job. 6. The 25th Amendment, which was accepted by the Congress in 1967, and which adds details to the process of presidential succession, provides for the continuation of the office by the president if he/she gets healthy again. 7. According to the 25th Amendment, if the vice president resigns from his position, falls ill or dies, the president must, with congressional sanction, name the new vice president. 8. The US president has the duty to see that the laws are carried out in a proper way and for this aim he/she uses the federal government, including the non-retired military human resources. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Who can become the US President? In what way and how often do the Americans elect their president? When do the US presidential elections take place? What are the powers of the US president? What is the function of the US vice president? What is the maximum term to hold the president's office in the USA? What happens if the US president falls seriously ill? |. Work in pairs. Read the text and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The Constitution requires the president to be the native-born American citizen at least 35 years of age. Candidates for the presidency are chosen by political parties several months before the presidential election, which is held every four years (in a year divisible evenly by four) on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November. The Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, limits the president to two terms of offic The vice president serves concurrently with the president. In addition to the right of succession, the vice president is the presiding officer of the Senate. The Twenty-fifth Amendment, adopted in 1967, amplifies the process of presidential succession. It describes the specific conditions under which the vice president is empowered to take over the office of president if the president becomes incapacitated. It also provides for resumption of the office by the president in the event of his recovery. In addition, the amendment enables the president to name vice president, with congressional approval, when the second office is vacated. The office of president of the USA is one of the most powerful in the world. The president, the Constitution says, must “take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” To carry out this responsibility, he presides over the executive branch of the federal government — avast organization numbering about 4 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel. In addition, the president has important legislative and judicial powers. The requirements for the US president: 1) Age: 2) Residence: Candidates for the US president's office are proposed by ___ z The US presidential election is held: 1) how often _ 2) in what kind of years: 33)when_ The maximum amount of years to hold the president's office: Phe vice president’s functions: 1) ) The number of the Amendment that explains the proces ‘Amendment was adopted in __ hings that happen if the president becomes incapacitated Things that happen if the president recovers: Things that happen if the vice-president becomes incapacitate The president’s constitutional responsibility is ‘Things that the president uses to carry out his constitutional responsibility Of presidential succession: __5. Listen to the text on the executive powers of the US president and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. You will hear the text twice. EXECUTIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT Within the (1) branch itself, the (2) has broad (3) to manage @ affairs and the working of the (5) government. The president can issue rules, regulations, and (6) called exceutive ____ (1), which have the binding force of (8) upon federal agencies but do not require congressional (9). As commander-in-chief of the armed (10) of the United States, the president may also call into federal (11) the state units of the National Guard. In times of war or (12) emergency, the (13) may grant the president even broader (14) to manage the national___—_—__(15) and protect the (16) of the United States. The president nominates — and the ___(17) confirms — the heads of all executive (18) and agencies, together with hundreds of other high-ranking federal (19). The large majority of ___ (20) workers, however, are selected through the Civil Service system, in which (21) and promotion are based on ability and experience. 6. In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. declare a break in the meeting proposed law connection most important sitting do business with once a year chief assistant community clause convince direction pointof view make ineffective in spite of author oduce __know the latest about__reject__give the right to_ prepare LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT Despite the constitutional provision that “all legislative powers” shall be vested in Congress, the president, as the chief formulator of public policy, has a major legislative role. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress and, unless two-thirds of the members of each house vote 10 override the veto, the bill does not become law. Much of the legislation, with which Congress deals, is drafted at the initiative of the executive branch. In his annual and special messages to Congress, the president may propose legislation, which he believes is necessary. If the Congress adjourns without acting on those proposals, the president has the power to call it into special session, But in addition to this official role, the president, as head of political party and as principal executive officer of the U.S. government, can influence public opinion and in this way fluence the course of legislation in Congress. To improve their working relations with Congress, presidents in recent years have set up a Congressional Liaison Office in the White House. Presidential aids keep abreast of all important legislative activities and try to persuade senators and representatives of both parties to support administration policies, ~. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. Use the material of the texts in exercises 5 and 6. Executive Powers of the President The president can issue: 1) +2) , and 3) » which are called _ Presidential orders have the force of uponPresidential executive ___do not need President is the commander-in-chief of __ President can call into federal service Congress may grant the president broader powers to: 1) __ ; 2) The pr 2)_ Civil Service system selects This selection is based on __ Legislative Powers of the President The president can veto but Congress can _ The executive branch drafis President may propose President may call Congress President may influence the course of legislation in Congress by 1) F 2) ident nominates: 1) 8. At home write everything you can about the US President’s powers. Use the texts in this Lesson or any other material you can get. You may also use the clues in the box below. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Stating and justifying opinions I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind, ... [believe that. can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, | feel that. I could be wrong, but I think .... I personally think If you want to know what I think, ... This is what I think Not everybody will agree with me, but. I'm not sure, but I think that... In my personal opinion . . Translate into English A. Tlocana npesumenta CLUA — ona 3 naiiGinbur nasimennx BraqnMMit HobHOBaxKeHHAMH Y ceiti. Tpesnment, ak ckasauo Koxcrutyuii, mac «aaGesnevynaTH cyMstinve BAKONAHHa 3aKoniny, 3aviA snificHeNHa usOTO OGoR’s3KY BiH ONOMOE BUKOKABYY Tinky enepambHOrO ypsily — Remiesny opranizauiio ncemsHicrio GnussKo 4 minsiionia oci6, BKmoualioun 1 Minion silicskosux ailicHoi cayx6u. Kpim toro, mpesament waninennit saxsuaunat 3aKOHOWaBUIMK Ta CyHOBMMH MOBHOBAxKCHHAMH. Y MOKAX BHKOHABYO! BIagM MpesHAeHT Mac WNpOKi NoBHOBAKEHHA MONO YIpaBNInHA 3aTaNbHOTep:KABHUMH crpaBaMH Ta poooTH benepanbnoro ypagy. [pesmaeHt Moxke BoTaHoBmovarn WOpMH, BHAaBaTH NocTaHoBM Ta POSTOPALKEHHA, AKI HAIHRAIOTKCA POSTOPSKEHHAMH TONORH BHKOHABYOI BNanH i ¢ 0608’s3KOBHMMH 10 RHKOHAHHA HenepamBHUMH OpranamH, ale He HoTpeSyiors yxBalenHs Koxrpecom. Ak roionkoKoManaysa4 s6poiinux cust CIA npesuaenr Mowe samysarit ia exepansunx norped nigposainn Hanionansuoi reapuii wraris. Tia vac vifina an nif nagspuvaiitioro cray Koxrpec Moxe posllMpurt rloptonaxeuna mpesmetra ulo0 YOpaBsIHHA EKOHOMIKOIO KpainH Ta 3axneTy Gesnexn CLUA. [pesumear mpusnauae, a Cenat garBepwrxye Kepinunkin ycix BHKOHABIHX Minictepere i migoMeTR, a TaKOXK coTHi iNUIHX enepanbinx ypsayowuis BHMOT JaHKH, OnHax sHauna vactHHa dbexepambHHx cay>xGonniB BinGupacrnes 3a nocepenHHUTBOM cHCTeMH HluBiMbHO! CHYKOM, Ae BHCYBAHEA Ta MpHaHaTeHt Ha loca tpyHTycTsca Ha siGHocTaX Ta LocBiai ocoGH. 52B. Hespaxaiown Ha KoHCTHTYniiine nonOxeHHA mpo Te, Wo «Bci ToBHOBAKeHHA JAKOHORABYO! BALE MaIOTe HasexaTH Kourpecosi, mpesiuienT ak ronoBiHii TBOpeH» ‘Hep:kaBnoi ToniTHKn Bigirpac NOMiTHY sakoro_aB4y pou. HpesHAeHT Moke HaksacTH BeTO Ha Gyab-aKuii sakoHONpoeKT, yxbateHMit KouTpecoM, i AKIO Bi TPETHHH weKiB KONO! 3 Maat HE MPOTONOCYIOT 44 HONOAHHS UKOTO BETO, JAKOHOMPOEKT He crate saKoHOM. TIpoeKTH ski posrasyiac Konrpee, roryiorses 2a iiuiarimoio BHKoHaByor Bia ra cneniansuux nocaamiax x0 Kourpecy mpesuenr moxke mpontonysarH Ti saKOHONABM! AKTH, AKI TOMY BIULAIOTECH HeOOXimHUME. SIO Kourpec orosociTs nepepay y caoix 3acizanHax, TAK i He posraaHyRUM ui mpouoamuil, MpesnteHT Mae mparo cKiMHKaTH cneniansuy ceciio Kourpecy. Ta if mosa unm opiuitinmar nosHoBaxXeHHAMM npesmaenT sx Tonora nostirHuntol naprii i ronopinit ypsi0Belts aMepuxaHCKOrO ypsily Mac SMOry BILAIMBATH Ha Tpomazteeky AyMKY, a Mepes Hei — i Ha saKoHORaBNHT Mpouec y Korrpeci. las noxpamtentia po6ounx Kouraxtis 3 Kourpecom npesiienTH ocrarmia’ 4acom craopHsit pH Binomy omy Kowicio is an’aaxin 3 Kourpecom. Tomisinxn npesiiienta TpHMalOTs pyKy Ha nysIbei Gyjb-AKOL paKnHBol 3aKoHOgaN4oT AisAbiocTi i HaMaralorkes TlepeKoHATH ceuaTopin Ta wenip naaTH Saratbox saKontin, Y cooix mopissnrx npexcrasunkia Bix oGox naprili y louizsHocTi nimrpHMKH npestieHTcEKo! anwinicrpanti. VOCABULARY ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN ability active-duty personnel adjourn adopt amendment amplify appointment approval be drafted be empowered bill binding force of law broad powers call into sarry out sommander-in USA confirm Congressional Liaison Office in the White House deal with draft enable experience faithfully executed high-ranking officials improve incapacitated influence ef of the armed forces of the issue keep abreast of limit manage name autiGniers cayxGonut ailicnol niticnkonoi cayxGu Apusyrimsri mpuiiscarn (saxon) Hompanxa (110 3aKoHy) nochsonaTH, yrouto‘aTit npusnavenns (1a nocay) expantcnna Gyr pospoGnermm GyrH ynosHosaxenum sakononpoext cna 3akoHy, Gon’ s3KOROTO 0 AUKOHANH uIpoKi nosHioBaKeHHs cxauxar (cecito) BHKOHYBATH ronosHoKomannyiowii cA nintsepmxysara Kowticis is a8°saxin 3 Kourpecom y Birtomy oni avi cmpany 3 pospoGaariy, cksianarn (oKyMeHT) HanABATH MOXKAMBICTS nocnin cyMainno suxonanuit ypanositi siuoi nak yaockonamonari: weniesnarnsit BCTAHORMOBATH (nopHopaxkenHa) TpHMATHE pyky 1a ny:TbCi oGmexysari epynarit wasitear s6poiimnsn cman (aopsa), ayapara 53national affairs National Guard (the) native-born citizen nominate override pass persuade preside presidency Presidential election presiding promotion propose provide for provision ratify require responsibility resumption set up specific succession support take care take over the office term of office wy vest in veto vote nantionanbati enpasn Hanionansea reaprin naporoxentt y tilt xpaini mpsnavare zomarit (ReT0) MpoxomUTH (npo 3akoHOMpOEKT) mepexouynari rononyparnt nocaqa npesnmerra Mpesienteeni siGopHt rostonyrownti ninemena mpononysara nepenGavatH, 3aGesneyysaTH noctaHona, HoAOReHHA paricpixysara BuMararit sinnoninanonicre NononeHHs sacoayaarit nesinil, enewndpisnai HacrymHHNT3O nigrpunea Gate nepelineri nocasty ‘Tepmint nepeSyanis ta nocani wawararics HasaBaTH MOBHOBAKCHEA HaKnagaTH BeTO roocynari UKRAINIAN ~ ENGLISH Gyr pospoGrennm Gyr ynostonaxenin BHKORY BATH BuMaraTH sinnowinarsaicns rH BcTaHORmonarH (HOpMit) TOMOBHOKOMARIYIONHE CUA ronopywari rorosyrownii Fosiocynatrit Gat sonatu (pet) noes sa6eanenysaTit akoHonpoexT sacHoBysaTit sniGuicrs epysarit Konticia is 30’saKip 3 kourpecom y Binomy nosti Mari cnpaBy 3 aapatH (sloptionaxeHHs) HananaTn MO‘IURICTS a0pofinmmnt —cxerasar be drafted be empowered carry out require responsibility influence issue commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the USA preside presiding vote take care override experience provide for bill manage Congressional Liaison Office in the White House deal with issue enable 54HaaBaTH noBHOBAKeHHA nasneaT HaKaagaTu Beto namararues napomxennii y uit xpaits nactyrinutno Hanionansua reapain xauiontansni enpapit nesiesnariuti odMexysarit nenunit nepenGasarnt nepelinar rocany nepexonynaTt nizenurennia nixrsepyrkypari nistrpuka nomoeHna nowoanennst nonpaska (10 3aKonry) nocana mpesuaenta nocuaowarH moctaHona pesinenr apmswasaTt npusHauenis (1a nocany) npssyninearn mpiiinars (saxon) MpontoxyzarHt mpoxonirm (mpo saxononpockt) parucbixysara ospodaxtH (woKyMeHT) SiLTa 3AKOHY, O6OB'S3KOBOTO 10 BHKOHA! cxranarit (lOKyMeHT) cIMKATH (cecit0) cayxGonnt nilicHoi sificexonol cayxGu neundisenii cywtinno puKonanntt exmaneniis repaint ntepeSynanns sta nocazti TpiiMatH pyky Ha mymsci ydockonamonarit Sparopni puoi nani yTownowarit EINpoKi HopHoBaxKeHHt bxi pHOopHt —_——e—WDoooooe vest in; issue name veto wy native-born ci succession National Guard (the) national affairs incapacitated limit specific provide for take over the office persuade promotion confirm support provision resumption amendment presidency amplify provision Presidential election nominate appointment adjourn adopt propose pass ratify draft binding force of law draft call into active-duty personnel specific faithfully executed approval term of office keep abreast of improve high-ranking officials, amplify broad powersen Se =< PART 1B. THE BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT * IS TO KEEP THE GOVERNMENT OUT OF BUSINESS 1. definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. enforcement A. consultant i. enpasn 2, administer (law) B. help fi, nymer (yrom romo) 3. department C. commerce iii, irnopysarn 4. affairs D. requirement iv. usvarni mpauipingn 5. area B. keep vy. JonoMmora 6. council F. special committee vi, ckeponyparu 7. adviser G. guide (v) vii, noksagatues (Ha) 8, staff organization H. clause viii. 36epirarn 9. staff I. depend (on) ix. Toprisax 10, trade J. exercise (law) X. AiastbaticTs 11. qualification K. pay no attention to xi, npanosacrocyanns, 12. provision L. relations xii, Komirer; pana 13. discharge (duties) M. actions xiii. inrepee 14. assistance N. committee xiv. minicreperso 15. rely (upon O. field XV. Pauly 16. activities P. interest xvi, pauuiik 17. ignore Q. making people obey the law ii, wnaniixania 18. retain R. fulfill (duties) xviii, npospinbuit nigpoaait 19. direct (v) S. employees xix. BiAMpannsTH (npanocyaas) 20. concen XX. BHKOHYBATH (0GoR’s3K11) 2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1. The US government consists of various Ministries whose main responsibility is to deal with all fields of national and international relations, including the problems of exercising federal laws and making people obey them, and special committees. 2. The president's consultant committee, which is called the ‘Cabinet’, though the Constitution does not have any clauses about it or about the requirements to its members, includes heads of the main departments. 3.The cabinet gives help to the president in fulfilling his duties, and some presidents seriously depended on such help, especially in such areas as finance and commerce, while others paid no attention to it. 4. The White House employees are part of the Executive Office of the President. 5. In any case all cabinet members keep their responsibility for guiding the government actions in specific areas of interest. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following: What do you know about the US government? What does it consist of? How many structural components does it have? Who is the head of the US government? Who helps him or her? 4. Work in pairs. Read the (ext and fill in the chart and the gaps in the sentences below. ‘The day-today enforcement and administration of federal laws is in the hands of the various executive departments, created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. The heads of the 14 departments, chosen by the president and approved by the Senate, form a council of advisers generally known as the president's “cabinet”, In addition to departments, there is a number of staff organizations grouped into the Executive Office of the President. These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Constitution makes no provision for a presidential cabinet, It does provide that the president may ask opinions, in writing, from the principal officer in each of the executive departments on any subject in their area of responsibility, but it does not name the departments or describe their duties. Similarly, there are no specific constitutional qualifications for service in the cabinet. The cabinet developed outside the Constitution as a practical necessity, for even in the days of George Washington, the country’s first president, it was impossible for the president to discharge his duties without advice and assistance. Cabinets are what any particular president makes them. Some presidents have relied heavily on them for advice, others lightly, and some few have largely ignored them. Whether or not cabinet members act as advisers, they retain responsibility for directing the activities of the government in specific areas of concern. Executive branch Presiden! == —___ frecutve otice of he Presiient STAFE ORGANILATIONS staff ‘CABINET Council Office of heads of Council of Office of the tice of Polley _ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS The functions of the executive departments are: The functions of the White House staff are: The functions of the National Security Council are: The functions of the Office of Management and Budget are: The functions of the Council of Economic Advisers are: The functions of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative are: The functions of the Office of Science and Technology Policy ar The functions of the Cabinet are: 575, Listen to the text on the US Department of State and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. You will hear the text twice. DS DEPARTMENT OF STATE N22 The Department of State advises the ___(1), who has > overall (2) for formulating and executing the g foreign — @) of the United States, The Me (4) assesses American overseas ©), makes FZ recommendations on policy and future (©), and takes ~® ~N AY necessary steps to (1) the established policy. It \. — maintains contracts and (8) between the United =" States and (9) countries, advises the president on recognition of new foreign countries and (10), negotiates treaties and (11) with foreign (12), and speaks for the United (13) in the United Nations and in other major (14) organizations. The department maintains more than 250 (15) and consular posts around the (16). In 1999, the Department of State integrated the U.S. Arms____ (17) and Disarmament (18) and the U.S. (19) Agency into its (20) and mission, 6. In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. keep in good condition reconnaissance overflow Military Minister unit abroad non-military agreement battle carryout faraway extra’ command satisfy | head office in connection with crisis. usage obligations safety study DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE With its headquarters in the Pentagon, one of the world’s largest office buildings, the Department of Defense is responsible for all matters relating to the nation’s military security. It provides the military forces of the United States, which consist of about 1 million men and women on active duty. They are backed, in case of emergency, by 1.5 million members of state reserve components, known as the National Guard, In addition, about 730,000 civilian employees serve in the Defense Department in such areas as research, intelligence communications, mapping, and international security affairs. The National Security Agency, which coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized intelligence activities in support of U.S. government activities, also comes under the direction of the Secretary of Defense. The department directs the separately organized military departments of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, as well as the four military service academies and the National War College, the Joint Chief’ of Staff, and several specialized combat commands. The Department of Defense maintains forces overseas to meet treaty commitments, to protect the nation’s outlying territories and commerce, and to provide air combat and support forces. Non-military responsibilities include flood control, development of oceanographic resources, and management of oil reserves. 7. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. Use the material of the texts in exercises 5 and 6, The Department of State advises assesses es = makes recommendations on takes necessary steps to+ maintains contracts and relations between * advises the president on negotiates «speaks for the United States in © maintains The Department of Defence is responsible for US military forces consist of National Guard consists of, — The number of civilian employees in the Defence Department is The civilian employees serve in such areas as The National Security Agency is involved in The department has separate military departments of _ Military educational establishments include © The department maintains forces overseas to © The department’s non-military responsibilities include 8. At home write everything you can about the US government structure and functions. Use the texts in this Lesson or any other material you can get. See also: Discursive Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. 9, Translate into English Jlepkannnit genapramenr ¢ pauHiKom mpeswmenta, #kuii Hece MoBHy BinMOBiNanbHicTS 3a pospotky Ta npozeenua sopMimsoi romiTHKH CLA. Ie minictepcrso sysHaac intepect CLA 3a Kopaoriom, ae pexomenstauil m10.10 HOTOSHOT HomiTHKH Ta Ha BisaNeNly NepctieKTHBY, sailiciioc HeoOxiani KpoKH sa@ aTinenua BHpoGneHo! HomirHKH. Bouo nigTpHMye KONTAKT ya pignocuim Mix CLUA ta inoseMHiMn jlepxanamn, ja Mopamn mpesngeHTosi w0x0 BH3HAHNA HORKX Kpait cBiTy Ta ypsnin, Bene NeperoBopH 3 iHIUMMM Jep>KABAMH BiAHOCHO smicty yroa Ta zomoamenocteit i sucrynae Bis imeni CIA » Oprantisanii OG" ennannx Hanif ra THUNIX BeNUKHX MbkWaposuHX opranisaniax. Jlepxnenaprament yrpumye Ginsut nix 250 ZHIVIOMATHMHHX TA KOHCY.IGCBKUX MpemcTaaHHUTB 1o BcBoMy cBiti, Y 1999 pou no Horo STPYKTypH Gys10 BKMONeHO AreHTCTRO 3 KOHTPOMO Hajl OIGpOcHHAM Ta IIHTAHb possGpoeHHs, a raxox Inopwauiiine arerrerao CLA 3 sinnosiaunMn dbynxuiaw, Posmiuene 8 Teraroni, ommomy 3 naliGimumx y cpiti odicnux GyannKis, Minicreperso Spor nianoninac 2a ci cHpanH, Wo crocyIoTEca pificéKORO GesTIeKH epxaBH. Bouo Kepye 2Spoiiimn cuamn CLA, ne Ha qijicHiit cayx6i nepeGyBae GuuaEKo Minbiiona YoNoBiKiB i XiHOK. ¥ pumaniky naservaiitioro crany o MUX jlojacTécs 3 ycix urate 1,5 mistsiiona RilicbKOBHKis saniacy 2 aoGponinsunx cpopmyzans, BiNOMHX ak Hattiowanria reapais. Kpim toro, Gs35Ko 730000 BiiHNX cayx6oBUiB MpaLioioTs Ha Mixictepctao OGOpoHH y TaKHX rany3ixX, aK HayKoBi ccrimxentia, saGesrieveria on’saKy B poswisynanbuili aigmuocri, tonorpapisna siiomKa Ta wixnaponia Gesreka. Hanionarsie ynpapninus GesreKn, ake KOopyuHye, ckepopye Ta MpOBOsHTS 32MM cleuudisni poapiaysanbHi onepanit Ha miqMpAMKy jit aMepHKaHcKKoro ypsyty, TaKOXx simopa1kosaxo Minticposi oGoporn. Minictepcrso Kepye oKpeMHMH BilicbKOBHMH MinTicTepcTBaMiHt SSNOMYTHINX cH, BiliceKOBO-MOPCBKHX CHLI, KOPHYCY MOPCEKO' HHiXOTH Ta BiliCLKOBO-MOBITPAHAX CHA, yakox HOTHpa niliesKoRMMH yaIUTMMaMH, HanionamBHAM nilicoKoBHM KoslemKeM, OO’ caHaRHN SoMiTeTOM Havanbrinkin urraGin i KineKoMa creutiatisonaxun Golfoaunit 1HitposutitansH. Minicrepcrao yrpumye 36poiini cat 3a KopHOHOM JULA BHKOHAHts JOrOBIPHHX 30608" sRaHb, 3aXHCTy SLUIANeHUX pailonip sep:kapn i Topripai, miaTpAMKH GofioBO! apiantil Ta Tigposmisip 3aGesmedeHEA. Jo nesiiicskopnx o6o8’a3Kin Miticteperpa Hanexare: stikpiqauian Hacmizkin ToBeHi, OcBOCHHT Seeypcis oxeany Ta ynpanminnis nadyromint peseppan,VOCABULARY ENGLISH ~ UKRAINIAN administration advice adviser affair agreement Air Foree approve assess assistance back carry out combat command come under the direction commerce concern consist of consular council create deal with Department of Defense Department of State describe direct discharge one’s duties duty employee enforcement Executive Office of the President executive officer flood flood control headquartered ignore include intelligence intelligence communications Joint Chiefs of Staff maintain management mapping, Marine Corps meet commitments military security military service academy name National Guard National Sccurity Agency National Security Council National War College Navy necessity negotiate Office of Management and Budget Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of the U.S. Trade Representative oil reserves on active duty opinion Kepysaniis, niampannentis npanocysa ropasta pani cmpana yrona, joronip bificpxoBo-nositpani cru expamonaTit outimonatis omtowora niarpamysaru, sisypara BukoHyBaTHt Soliosnit ninpossin nianopankysarit Toprinaa, komeputilina nisbnicts ryp6ora ckraaatues 3 KOHCY.TBCDKHIE pana eTnopronara ari cmpany 3 Mintictepetno oGopox Jepastmit xenaprament ommeyBarit Kepynant punonynarn OyHKuit o608'30K coyxGonens Brigentis BHT auinicrpantia npeswutenta BHKOHaBan ANpeNTOp; BHKOHABHTH nmopirt aixpizania wacninnin noseni posminenii irnopysari besmouatn (B ce6e) pospizka 38'A50K y posBitysanenit aisxsnocri 06’ exnaiit Koaiter HavaTeHeKis mrraGin niarpumyary, sGepirari, Biactoonari, yapasnitnis ‘Tonorpadiua sitomka Kopnye mopeskoi mixorst BUKOHYBaTH 30608's3aNH sifiebkona OesmteKa silicexose ysrrmmme nasimarn Hauionanbna reapzia Hauionanpire ynpanninia Gesmexn Pauta epxasioi Gesrexnt Hantionanantit silicskopnit kone sificbkoBO-MopepKi CHIH HeoOxinnicrs ecTH neperosopt aundnictparipno-Gromxeme ynpasninis Ynpasninus nayxn i Texnixnt Biopo npesterannmka toprisni CHIA nadproni pesepait xa ailicniié enyax6i yMKa, TONKA 3opy ypajosensoutlying territories overall responsibility overseas interests oversee oversee to meet commitments particular Principal Officer provide provision provision of service qualifications recognition relating to rely research reserve responsibility retain responsibility retain control service staff organization support support forces treaty USS. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency U.S. Information Agency United Nations White House staff iraseni paitoun aranbia BinnosinameHicrs invepeci 3a Koproxox. naraaxar Haraanarit 3a BHKOHAHHAM 30608°A3ab esi kepipinix Gyzb-aKoro Mitsicreperpa o6ymonmosarit oOxeHH (jloKyMeHTa) saGesneseHna nianbHocTi cayax6 suMoru (xpanidixaniiy; piers xnamiixantit BrsHaHia aroun ninsrousennta 20 onipsri ocaispKenua samuaTH (noBHOBaxeHH TOMO), GepiranK igniopiganbuticrs, O60n’s30K ecru Bignopigamotticrs Gepirari sa coGoro KouTpOT cayr6a poise niaposnia higtpanea, niatpamysara niiqpoaainu sa6eantewextin noronip, yrona AreHrerso 5 KoTpo:mo ast o36pocniaM ra ruirrants possGpocuia Indopanitine areirerso CLA Opranisania O6'entiannx Haiti (OOH) nivarai npanisuea Binoro xomy UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH Arenrerso 3 KoRTpomio Hay os6poeHHAM Ta tTaHe poss6pocnts aaminictparaaio-GroxaerHe ynpanninns auminictpanis Mpesnxenta Soitosmit ninpossin Biopo npextcrassxa toprinni CLA BecTH mleperowopy Bioeng BuKonapsnit mapextop BHKOHABYUI ypaOBCIE BuKONyBATH suKonysarit 30608" sant suKonysaTit yHxui suntorn (KBanipixanitin) sigtaneni paiiown sismoninanenicrs sinpasnesns (npanocysuts) sigcrowsaTt isysarn (1oKyMeHT) sificsKona GeamieKa sificsKone yarmmte silicskoBo-Mopepxi cn siitcsKoBo-nosinpani crim BK iowaTH (B ceGe) sTinewna 8 «HTT Jepxasnnit enaprament topipsri U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Office of Management and Budget Executive Office of the President combat command Office of the U.S, Trade Representative negotiate recognition executive officer executive officer carry out meet commitments discharge one’s duties qualifications outlying territories responsibility administration maintain back military security military service academy Navy Air Force include enforcement Department of State relyorosip sonosora docatinKeHHE aya saGesnexemta nismbHocti enyas6 aaranbita signosinanpnicte samara (NoBHOBarKcHttA, TOLLO) s6epirarn aGepiratH 3a coGor KOHTpOTE ao’a30K y posniaynanbitit AisbHoCTi iruopysan inrrepecn 3a Kopnoxom Inopaauilinee arenterso CIA Kepipnnk Gyab-aKoro minticrepersa wepysaniia Kepynarit komeputifina aismsaticrs KoHoYTECHRHIE Kopnye mopepxoi nixorit Jixeiqanis wacniais nopexi arn cnpany 3 Mae BinMOMIcHHA 20 Minicteperso oGopoim a aificniit cay Gi naraagaTit HATASATHE 3 MeTOIO BUKONANES 40G08"s3aH nasuBarH naptosi pesepsit Hanionansia reapain Hanionansue ynpasninas Gesnexnt Hauionansunii sificexonuit kone nooGxisuicre ecTH BimoBinanbHicTe oC cuantit KoMirer navanorKis uraGis 0600’s30K obyMosmonarit oncysart Opranisania O6’exnannx Hautift (OOF) owimonarit nepiuii ninnopaakonysarit nigposninu saGesnewena nigtpnnexa nigtrpascysaru opin TIONOXKeHHA (AOKYMCHTA) nopana npodinsanit ninposnin pata Pana aepoxasiioi GesrteKit pannni pinews xeanidixanit pospiaka posmintesii canaries 3 enya cayaGonents treaty, agreement assistance research opinion provision of service overall responsibility reserve reserve, maintain retain control intelligence communications ignore overseas interests U.S. Information Agency Principal Officer administration commerce consular Marine Corps flood control deal with relating to Department of Defense on active duty oversee oversee to meet commitments name oil reserves National Guard National Security Agency National War College necessity retain responsibility Joint Chiefs of Staff duty provide describe United Nations assess particular come under the direction support forces support support, maintain, back flood provision advice staff organization council National Security Council adviser qualifications intelligence headquartered consist of service employee 62enpana crnopronarn cexpamnoBaTit ronorpaipisna siionca roprinna ‘ToxKa 30py typ6ora yrona yupannius Yopasninna naynn i Texnixn urrarni npauisunkn Bioro ZoMy affair create approve mapping commerce opinion concern treaty, agreement ‘management Office of Science and Technology Policy White House staff7A eee PART 2A. THE MONARCH CAN DO NO WRONG 1. Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. summon ‘A. put an end to i. naropoan 2. prorogue B. grant ii, nanaparH 3. dissolve C. declare a break iii, nigmucyaarn 4, judiciary D. role iv, aunaomar 5. carry out E. consider, examine V, mpyaiauarn nepepey 6. diplomat F. position vi, cytopa Briaa 7.archbishop ——_G. rank of knight vii. Bimwinsta 8. sign H. ask for information or advice viii, pomycxarar 9. consult I. put one’s signature ix. neperaastara 10. review (v) J. accomplish X. KOHCYABTYRATHCA 11. ceremonial _K. having the purpose of giving advice xi, Bignoniyanit 12. advisory L. having no real power xii, ocoGucro 13. confer M. dismiss xiii, auxonynara 14. knighthood _N. priest of the highest rank xiv, mocaqta 15. office O. ambassador XV. pou, Komerentis 16. abolish P. convene xvi cKaMKaTH 17. personally Q. directly relating to the subject xvii, opansnit 18. relevant R. awards xviii. uepemonianbuntt 19. honours S. individually xix, apxienuckon 20. capacity TT. judicial branch of the government XX, AHUApCBKe 3BaHHA 2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1, Theoretically the people of Britain can put an end to monarchy if they decide so. 2. The Queen appoints statesmen, such as priests of the highest rank and ambassadors, to many important offices on the advice of the Cabinet members directly relating to the subject. 3. The Monarch grants the rank of knight and other awards both individually and on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. 4. The Privy Council, that used to play the role of giving advice to the monarch, has no 64real power now. 5. The monarch’s function nowadays is mostly limited to putting her signature on the papers, though she has the right to be asked for information or advice and examine important documents. 6. The Monarch officially convenes and dismisses the Parliament, declares a break in its sessions, as well as is head of the judicial branch of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and Supreme Governor of the Churches of England and Scotland, but actually it is the government accomplishes these duties. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following question. What are the functions of the Monarch in the UK? 4. Work in pairs. Read the text below and fill in the gaps in the sentences after it. MONARCH As the official head of state, the monarch formally summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament and appoints the mi sters of the Cabinet. The monarch also serves as head of the judiciary, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and Supreme Governor of the Church of England and the Church of Scotland, In reality, the government carries out the duties associated with these functions. Theoretically, the monarch appoints all judges, military officers, diplomats, and archbishops, as well as other church officers. The real work of the monarchy consists largely in signing papers. The monarch has the right, however, to be consulted on all aspects of national life and review all important government documents. The monarch may also meet with the Privy Council, a now largely ceremonial body made up of Cabinet members that serves in an advisory capacity fo the monarch, The Queen has the power to confer peerages, knighthoods and other honours, She normally does this on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, although a few honours are conferred by the Sovereign personally. The Queen makes appointments to many important state offices, on the advice of the Prime Minister, or the relevant Cabinet Minister. Since Britain is a democracy, the monarchy could potentially be abolished if a majority of the population decides to do so. The Monarch * formally Parliament. ‘© appoints a Cabinet «serves as judiciary, _ ___ armed forces, Supreme nd ____ Scotland. appoints all officers, _____, archbishops and other _ © realworkis has the right to ______and review may meet with has the power to _ © makes appointments to _ Work in pairs. Most of the sentences below have mistakes. Find and correct them. There are vo examples at the beginning (0 and 00). has Queen Elizabeth II have succeeded to the throne in 1952. “0. — She signed that document a week ago. ‘The Monarch reviewed some important government documents by last week. The Prime Minister was signing papers when someone interrupted him. While the Monarch was meeting with the Privy Council, some ministers waited for her. In 2007 the Queen had made appointments to many important state offices on the advice of the Prime Minister.5. Atten o’clock yesterday the Queen opened a new session of Parliament with a speech. 6. The Monarch appointed diplomats yesterday. 7. As the official head of state, the Monarch formally summoned Parliament in autumn. 8. Last month the Sovereign has personally conferred a few honours. 9. The Monarch was giving her Royal Assent to some bills three days ago. 10. Tony Blair used to be the Prime Minister in the United Kingdom. 6. Work in pairs. Use the information above and tell your partner about the functions of the Monarch in the UK. fen to the text on Royal Prerogative of the Monarch in the United Kingdom and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. You will hear the text twice. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. ROYAL PREROGATIVE The Royal Prerogative is a body of. (1), privilege and (2), recognized in common ~ and sometimes (3)—law, belonging to the (4) alone. Itis the means by which some of the (©) powers are possessed by and in amonarch. Whilst prerogative____(7) were originally exercised by the monarch acting alone and did not require (8) consent, they are now always (9) on the advice of the _ (10) Minister or the (11), who is then accountable for the decision to (72). The Crown, which represents both the Sovereign and the (13), is the symbol of (14) executive power. The ___(15) is vested in the (16), but in general its functions are exercised by (17) responsible to Parliament, Thus the UK is____(8) by Her Majesty’s Government in the name of the Queen. However, the (19's involvement is still required in many important (20) of government and (21) occasions. 8. In the text below find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need abroad analysis well-known modem suggest giving out carry out most trustful group awarding —_ inthe beginning previous petition PRIVY COUNCIL The Privy Council is the body which advises the head of state, that is the Queen. The word sprivy” means private or secret and the first Privy Council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors, In the UK the present-day Privy Council consists of all the members of the Cabinet, former Cabinet Ministers, and other distinguished people appointed by the Sovereign. The functions of the Privy Council include issuing Orders in Council, granting Royal Charters, and acting as a court of appeal from British courts in overseas territories. The Privy Council only meets as a full body on the death of the Monarch. It conducts much of its business in committees at which the Monarch may not constitutionally be present. In addition to being informed and consulted about all aspects of national life, the Queen is free to put forward her own views, in private, for the consideration of her Ministers.9. Compare and contrast the powers of the Monarch in the UK and those of the US President. In which ways are they similar and in which different? Don’t give separate descriptions of the powers. You may use the clues in the boxes below. There is a possible beginning of your essay below the boxes. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Stating and justifying op Tthink that... In my opinion ... To my mind ... [believe that... can't be certain, but I think ...Personally, I feel that. I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think If you want to know what | think, .. This is what I think Not everybody will agree with me, but I'm not sure, but I think that... In my personal opinion .. Comparing and contrasting vais like... ... is similar to resembles... both... neither... -er than aS..a8 notas...as/not so... asso... (that) such ... (that) more than, more of a. less of a, asmuch ofa... the older.... the more the more ..., the less however... incontrast to... unlik on the other hand... Example The powers of the President in the USA and the Monarch in Britain have both similar and different features. They both are heads of their states. However. 10. Translate into English Koponiscska mpeporaripa — ue cyxynuicrs nostosaxerts, npunisteis Ta imynireris, m0 BHSHAIOTECA y 3arAIbHOMY, a ino ii Y UMBLIBHOMY TpaBi AK TaKi, WO HaTexKaTe Monapxy. Le saci, KUM MOHapX HaILbIICTbCR Ta RONOAIC TeBIUM BHKOHABIUMI HOBHOBAKeHHAMH. Cnouarky mpeporarueni nopnonaxKerns 3uiicuionamica MoHApXoM, sku 2isB caMocrifino ft He norpeOysap aro TlapraMenty. 3apa3 RoHH 3/tilicHHOLoTKCA 3a Topaslo1o Tpem’ep-Mikictpa ado KaGinery, axi c nixseirausi 3a ui pines mepex mapramentom. Kopona, axa npesicrasiiae AK cyRepeHa, TaK i ypa, € CHMBOTIOM HaiiBHIOT BHKOHABO! BIanH. KopotiscsKo!o Bs1az010 HaminseTsca Koponena, mpore sarasoM Wi @yNKHi BHKORYIOTKCa MiicTpaMHt, BLTOBIANBMMH neped napamentom. TaxuM untom, Cnonyseae Koposiscrao ynpasssersca ypaiiom ti BensKocTi Rix iMeni KoposeRH. OMAK Y4ACTE KOPOMTEDIT BCE 2K TAKH € HEOGXIHOIO y Gararbox BaXUTMBHX AKTAX BIA Ta Jep»KARHHX cmIpaBax. Taemna pana € opraHom, 10 Haslae NopatH riaBi AepxaBH, TOGTO KOposTeBi. Cnowo «privy» osnagac npuparnuii a6o tacmuuii, i nepura Tacwna pana Gysa siGpanHan HaiiGmocaux paaunkis Monapxa. Y Cnonyyeomy Koposincrai cyyacta Taemia paga ckitazactsea 3 yeix wrenis KaOinety, Koamumix minicrpin KaGivery ta inumx sigomnx oci6, npusnasemmx cyseperom. ynxuit TaemHoi pant BKAOYAIOTS BHUAHHA KOpOMIBCLKHX yKasiB y pani Ta BIAKHA KoposlincsKNX TpaMoT. TaeMHa pasa wie TAKOK AK anlensnittHMit cys, WO posrnaaE cnpasn, nojani Bpwrancekumn cyzamn y saKopoHHHX Kpaitax Crisipyawocri. TaemHa para saciglae y oBHOMY ckniani TiNBKH 3 MpHBony cMepTi MoHapxa. Paxa Bene Gimbusicrs cnpaB y KOMITETAX, B AKUX MOHAPX STiJIHO 3 KOHCTUTYNICIO He More GyrH UpHicyTHiM. Koposresa Moxe we TWILKH OTpuMyBaTi indopManiro Ta KoHcymBranii 3 ycix acmexrin axuTTA KpainM, ase it xontisenuitiio npotorynari cBo10 TOUKY sopy Ha posraay Misticrpant 67VOCABULARY ENGLISH ~ UKRAINIAN abolish accountable acts of government advise advisory capacity archbishop authority belong body carry out the duties ceremonial body church civil law closest advisor commander-in-chief of the armed forces committee common law conduct confer consideration consist of constitutionally consult court of appeal Crown democracy dissolve distinguished formally former free govern grant head of state honours immunity in addition in private in reality inform involvement issue judge knighthood largely make appointments ‘mean military officer normaily office on the advice of Order in Council originally ckaconynara nigseinenit ypasoni axrn pasurra opaya (xoHcyasraTusia) poms apxiemeKor HoBHoRaKeHiia anexxari cykynuicre, opran BUKOHYBATH 0608"A3KH uepemonianuunit oprant uepKBa HaliGmnsantii pasta TomoBHOKoMaHAyBay S6poHnnx cH Komirer sarambHe mpago eer wanapari posraay, cxnanaties 3 konerirrynifino KOHCyauTySaTHCs anenanitianii cya, Koponta (xoponinenka naita) mewoxparis posnycxarit BunaTanii ovpinitino omni ino ympasnarit apysaru, saBaTa raga 2epkast Haropoxit imyniter a RonaTOK 10; Kpint Toro xoucpinenifine axtirano, racrpapai inbopmysara yeacts, Branarn cya sumapeeke 3BanHa s11as010 Miporo npssavara osttasart KoMaumyrounli poom pilienx saspavaii nocasta 3a nopanoro Koportinebxnit ykas y pani crowaTKyoverseas territories parliamentary consent peerage personally population possess potentially present-day private privilege Privy Coun prorogue put forward Queen recognize relevant represent right Royal Charters Royal Prerogative state occasions state offices summon supreme view whilst saKopaonni tepuropii srona rrapnanenry ‘mya népa oco6uero lacestcnA BonoxiTH norenuitisto ceyuactit paBariis npupineit ‘Taenna pana npwaHayarit nepeppy mpontonysari koponesa pstiapaTHt nignoninanit mpeacrasnart nepersazarH, nepenipsti: ‘paso, npasielt xoponiscpxi rpamorst Kopontinesxa mpeporatnpa nepwasni cnpasit nepxasui n cKmHKaTHE vaiionmutit ‘ToaKa spy TOKH, TOKH UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH ariensuiinnit cy sicrasatHt sucaTHtt sisHaBaTH BiIKOHYBATH OG OR s3KH s:amonisuinit SLIBHO sosonirn jasa nepacanit FOTOBHOKOMAHLIYBAY S6POMHHX CHLT pyBar, apa semoxparix =epacapyi nocaz raapHti cripanit Topana, KorcynsraTHBHa pons 23 nopano10 serambie mpano mapirvait saxopnosnti repsrropii roa napaiameury IA4H010 Mipo1o Myniter ‘bopnysarn sommumnit soMantytountt poston siticbx court of appeal archbishop conduct issue distinguished recognize carry out the duties relevant free possess head of state commander-in-chief of the armed forces grant democracy state offices state occasions advisory capacity on the advice of common law normally overseas territories parliamentary consent largely immunity inform former military officerKomirer koneturynifitto Koncymstypatics Kondizernifine Kopostena Koponiscska npeporariea Koportincexuit ykas y paai Kopostincexi rpamovit Koponta (xopoiscexa sata) mimapenke 3naims Ha ronarox 110 Haropoat nanasare HaiiGanrxsani pase aiinimuuit wanexarn aceneHns Hacupapai osnavarn opran ocoSnero opinitiaxo nepesipsrn nepersisqarit nisspiri ToBHORAKCHHA nnoxit nocata noTert mpano npencranaari pawariii punineit paonasarn "upusnayara mepepay nponoxysarn pawn posras posnyexarn cxacopynaTit oxstauiaTuen 3 ckomaKaTit cnowarky cyana cykynnicns cysacetit Tacna pana rary. népa ‘TouKa sopy ynpanaari ypazoi axri ysacte daxtiei0 nepemonianbinil opran uepkpa uninsste npano ino committee constitutionally consult in private Queen Royal Prerogative Order in Council Royal Charters, Crown knighthood in addition honours confer closest advisor supreme belong population in reality mean body personally formally review review accountable authority whilst office potentially. right represent private privilege, right make appointments prorogue put forward advise consideration solve abolish consist of summon originally judge body present-day Privy Council peerage view govem acts of government involvement reality ceremonial body church civil law 70PART 2B. TO GOVERN IS TO CHOOSE AMONG DISADVANTAGES 1. Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. majority A. backing i. bin imeni 2. comprise B. direct (v) ii, anGuparn 3. Sovereign C. member of the British nobility i, Monapx 4. in accordance with D. definite iv. npaGansHo 5. approximately E. for v. puta 6. support (n) F. work (v) vi. yrona 7. vest (v) G. choose vii. Kepynarn 8. appoint H. technically viii, air 9. act (v) 1. king or queen ix. Geaymonnnit 10. guide (v) J. name (v) x. oxanaTit IL. select, K. according to xi, Haglapam (tpano) 12. senior L. higher-ranking xii. nixrpumKa 13. convention M. agreement xiii, nominansHo 14. on behalf of N, almost xiv. niztonizHo 20 15. strict O. make up Xv. Gistauiers 16. peer (n) P. give the official right xvi. crapamnit 17. nominally Q. greater part xvii, nep 2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. Technically, in the UK the king or queen is given the official right to all the executive power, ut actually it is exercised by the UK government for the Monarch. 2. The Monarch names the Prime Minister directed by the definite agreement that the Prime Minister would have the Aacking of the greater part of the House of Commons. 3. The Prime Minister chooses the people who work as Ministers. 4. About twenty of the higher-ranking Ministers form the Cabinet and almost 100 ministers make up the government. 5. According to the constitutional agreement, the Ministers should be either MPs from the House of Commons or members of the British nobility rom the House of Lords 13. Work in pairs. Discuss the following question. How do you think the executive power is exercised in the UK? 4. Work in pairs. Read the text below and fill in the gaps in the sentences after it. The executive power in the United Kingdom is exercised on behalf of the Sovereign, in whom the executive power is theoretically and nominally vested, by the UK government. The monarch appoints a Prime Minister (PM) as the head of Her Majesty’s Government, guided by the strict convention that the Prime Minister should be the member of the House of Commons most likely to be able to form a Government with the support of that House. In practice, this means that the leader of the political party with an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons is chosen to be the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister then selects the other Ministers which make up the Government and act as political heads of the various Government Departments. About twenty of the most senior government ministers make up the Cabinet and approximately 100 ministers comprise the government. In accordance with constitutional convention, all ministers within the government are either Members of Parliament or peers in the House of Lords. Nominally, the executive power in the UK is vested in Actually, the executive power in the UK is exercised by The monarch appoints The monarch appoints the PM on the condition that This condition means that The PM selects The Ministers make up ___ The Ministers act as The Cabinet is made up of The government is comprised o| ‘The Ministers must be either __— or 5. Work in pairs. Use the table above and tell your partner how the executive power in the UK is exercised. 6. Work in pairs. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences. Explain your choice. The Prime Minister is going to see/will see the Monarch tomorrow. ‘They are sure the Monarch is going to appoint/ will appoint the Prime Minister next week. 5 3. The Prime Minister promises that he is going to select /will select the Cabinet Ministers at the end of the week. 4. If she will obtain/obtains an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons, she will become the Prime Minister. 5. He thinks that the Monarch is going so meet/will meet with the Privy Council once a week. 6. If the Monarch will appoint/appoints the Prime Minister, the latter will select the other Ministers 7. The Prime Minister will form/is forming the Government next week. 8. They suppose that approximately one hundred Ministers will comprise/are comprising the UK Government in a year. Look, she is going to sign/will sign the document. They believe twenty of the most senior government Ministers are going to make up/will ‘make up the Cabinet in a few days, n7. Listen to the text on the UK Cabinet and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. You will hear the text twice. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. oe THE CABINET The Cabinet is the heart of the UK. (1) and its principal function is to determine, control and integrate the (2) of the government for submission to (3). The Cabinet has about 20 members, or ministers, all of whom must be (4) of Parliament (MPs). Members of the Cabinet are leaders of the (5) party in the House of. © or members ofthe House of ____(7). The Cabinet is (8) over by the Prime Minister who has the (©) to move members of the Cabinet from post to (10), or entirely drop them from the (1), The Prime Minister serves as the first __ (12) of the Treasury and as (13) for the Civil Service. The Lord Chancellor is always a (14) of the Cabinet and he holds a unique __ (15). The Lord Chancellor’ (16) duties as a Cabinet member include being (17) for legal (18) in the United Kingdom, but he or she is also head of the (19), which is a separate part ofthe British __(20). The Cabinet ‘meets in private and its deliberations are secret. No (21) is taken, and, by the principle of «Cabinet unanimity», collective (22) is assumed for all decisions taken, 8. In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section you need it. unacceptable guided need tribunal hiigher-ranking deal with supervise issues established considered supervision backed include under consideration DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM GOVERNME! sty’s Government of the United Kingdom contains a number of Ministers and Secretaries of State. These members of the Cabinet are supported by civil servants in Ministerial Departments. Ministerial Departments (such as the Home Office, Department of Health, etc.) are led politically by 2 Government Minister, normally a member of the Cabinet and cover matters that require direct political oversight. For most Departments, the Government Minister in question is known as a Seoretary of State and is a member of the Cabinet. He or she is generally supported by a team of junior Ministers. The administrative management of the Department is led by a senior civil servant* known as a Permanent Secretary. Non-ministerial Departments (such as Crown Prosecution Service, Food Standards Agency, etc.) generally cover matters for which direct political oversight is judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are headed by senior civil servants. 9, At home describe the executive branch of power in Britain using the texts in this part of the Lesson. You may draw on the clues in the boxes below. There is a possible beginning of your essay below the box. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Exemplifying ‘An example of this is when/the way... For a start... For example/instance... For one thing... If you look at... Look at... One more thing... Take... Take... for instance... To give you an example. BExample If you look at the executive branch of power in Britain, you will see that the UK government exercises the executive power on behalf of the Sovereign. For a start, the Monarch appoints a Prime Minister as the head of Her Majesty’s Government 10, Translate into English KaGinet — ue spo ypaay, a Horo ronopHow dyuknicio € BHatavenns, KOHTpONb Ta hopmymonanna nporpamu ypsly JU nonaHiA Ha posragy napramenty. KaGinet cki1alaeTbCR 9 A1BAjLUATH uieHiB aGo Misticrpin; pH LBOMy Aci BOHM MaroTE GyTH ueraMH Hapaamenty. User KaGinery ¢ nigepama naprit Ginsmocti y nasati rpoma a6 yseraMi nanatH nopain. Y KaGinteri rononye pes’ cp-Minictp, aKnit Mac nopHonaxeHHa nepecypaTH wieitis KaGinery 3 TlocaaM Ha nocaty ao 2% aBimbHaTH Ix 3 MocagH. [pem’ep-Mitticrp oNOdacHO BHKOHYe 0G08'a3KH Mepmioro Opma KasHaNeficraa Ta Mitticrpa AepwanHoi cayxOu. Jlopa-Kamutep Sak BXOANTS NO ckulany KaGineTy, a ToMy fioro crarye ¢ ocomaHM. Buxonan4i oGoR’s3KH slopma-kaniuiepa sk wneva KaGivery Bk/uOdaI0TS BilmoniqasuicTs 3a mpanosy chepy y Cronysenomy Koponincrai. Bin 4H noua ovomoc cyzony Riaiy, AKA € OKPEMOIO YACTHHOI nepkasnoi suaiu y Beauxiti Bpwrauii. Kadiver sacizae 3a sasninenmn abepuma, a Hioro tapas © Tacwunsn. XKogHoro ronocynanHa He MpoRoaNTsca — 3a TIpaHuurom «oxHocTaliHocTi KaGinery» aa aci npuiinsri pimenus nepexOayacrecs KoneKTHBNe RiNOBIsANLHiCTE, Ypaq ii sesmunocti Cnonysenoro Koposiscrsa skiouae minicrpis ces rosoBHnx Miicrepors Ta jlesKHX inuux ninierpip. UMM wWexam ypsay jonoMaraioTh nepxxaRiti cayxGosui y MinicTepesxix jlenapramentax (minicrepernax). Toxitnuiaan inbHnkamn MiticrepopkHx jenlapramentin (rakHx sk Misicreperso suytpimnix cnpan, Jerrapramen oxopor 3opos’s Ta iMMIX) ¢ ypaqoni MiKiicTpH, MO BXONATD, AK MpABHIO, 0 cKALY KaGinery. Minticrepcraa saiimarorscs mitanuasm, ski BHMaraioTs Gesttocepesuiboro nositasHoro KoHTpomo. Ypsjosi inictpH, mo oyomoroTs Minicrepersa, meperaxHo HASHBALOTSCS JepKABHUME ceKpeTapamn i € uneHamn KaGinety. Im aaseuuali_ zonomarae KoMatita MonozuHx Minicrpis. AuMinictpaTHpre ympaBslinist MinicrepcrBom okiaacreca Ha cTapmioro wepxaBHOTO cHyKOOBL, AKMi HAIHBACTECA NocrilinmM sactynuuKOM MinticTpa. Henisicrepooxi xenaptamentra (raxi ax Koponipesxa ciyak6a xpiimistansiioro nepecaiaynansin, Aenapranert crannaprip sKocti xapwopHx mpony«ria Ta ini) saspiiait saiimaioTaca HUTAHHAMH, IoyO AKHX Gesrocepenniii noniTHYHHii KoHTpom BBAKAETECA 3aiiBHM aG0 HeqopesHHM, Bout OYOMOIOTECH CrapuLHMH HepKABHAMH cary XOOBISIME, VOCABULARY ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN absolute majority of seats aGcomorna Ginsuticrs aici act sist administrative management anninicrpatuene ynpasainua appoint npwsHavari approximately ipHmaH0 assume npunyckarn Cabinet kaGiner choose oGupari civil servant mepxantuil cayxGoneus Civil Service mepxania enya6a comprise constanaTH (BKsHONATH 10 CKaRY) constitutional konerutynifinnit convention yrona, Kounenuis cover matters OXOMMOBaTH HHETAHE aaa OES aE RTSSRRES TERRES A)Crown Prosecution Service deliberation Department of Health determine direct drop from Entirely executive executive duties exercise form generally government Government departments guide head Her Majesty's Government hold a unique position Home Office in accordance with in practice in total inappropriate include integrate judge judiciary junior minister leader legal affairs Lord Chancellor ‘majority party make up meet in private member minister Ministerial Department move nominally on behalf of Parliament party Permanent Secretary policies of the government political oversight post power preside over Prime Minister principal function public policy require cesponsible Secretary of State select senior Koposincsca cay xpuminamsoro nepecsiaynanni wapana Minicrepetso oxoponi 30p08"s susHavari Gesnocepennitt spinpnsTn uimkom BHKOHABSHi sikoriansti oGon's3KH BHKOHyBaTH. yrsopiosara saspiiaii ypant Miicrepersa Kepysarn ronoBa ypan ii nenwsnocri Mari ocoGampnii cratye Minicteperso syrpimaix cnpas ixmonisn0 20 Ha mpaxrani paso nenopesniit BKMONATH aanepmiynaTH, HaARaTH 3aKiMMeHOFO BUEIIAY BBaaTH eyaowa rinka exam Mongauntit minicrp (aaen ypamy) aizep pasosi cnpasit slopa-Kanuep naptia Ginswocti exasiatn (yrsoprosari) ayerpiaries 3a 3axpsrTmnnt aBepHa wren ittiorp wistictepets0 nnepecynarie HOMIHaNIBHO Bin ineni napster naptia nocritianii sactymuunk minicrpa Kype ypany nonitnsanit nanan, nocana nosHoBaxcHHs ronosysaT#t pent ep-Minticrp ronoswa dbysxutia nepyapita nonitinca unaratit Biamosinanbunii Mintictp; aeprkannuii cexperap BnOnpaTH crapunnit 75separate serve strict submission support take decisions team theoretically Treasury unanimity unnecessary various vest vote UKRAINIAN aGcomoria Ginbusicrs mictt auninictparupne ynpaszinns Gesnocepeanitt Geaymonmniii BBaDKaTH snGuparn sinauarn Bikonansntit ‘BHKOHAB' O6OB's3KH BHKOHYBaTHL puMaranit Bin ineni e Bisnonizansanii BigntoBizdo 10 BKMONATH ronosa ronosna dynxnia ronosysaTit ‘onoe(ynans) slepxanna nosiraKa mepskapiia cayax6a slepoxannnit cexperap nepsxannni cnyxGonens aiata sanepmnyBarHt saseirsait saliwntt seinbuaTn aycTpivarics 3 saKpurinwnt mRepuMa KaGiner KaswaueiicT#o kepysaru Komarna Koncrurynifinnit Koponiscexa nepeéninynanns kype ypsay stinep slopsi-xannrep Mari ocoGauBHii crarye ayaa kpuMinaabnoro 76 oxpenatit nyu Gesymoniuti onan ninrpamyparit npaitara pinrensa KoMana TeoperHsno Kasnavelict#o, Minicreperno dinancis onnocraiinicrs salina pis Hanapata (paso) rostoc( ysatsis) ENGLISH absolute majority of seats administrative management direct striet judge select determine executive executive duties exercise require on behalf of responsible in accordance with include head principal function preside over vote public policy Civil Service Secretary of State civil servant act integrate generally unnecessary drop from meet in private Cabinet Treasury guide team constitutional Crown Prosecution Service policies of the government leader Lord Chancellor hold a unique positionMitticrepereo Minicteperso suyrpimaix capan Minicteperso oxoponm saopon’s Minicteperso dinancia insierp Momomuniti minierp (asreM ypsity) a pax vanasatH (npaBo) waanaTH 3aKinucHOTO BHTARAY wapana Henopesinii HominiasmpH0 Cnomysene Koponiseso Bemuxoi Bpuranit 1a Tiisstiunot Ipnanait o6upatu onwocraiiticrs oxpentuii oxommonari mrasnis napnamestr napria naptia Gimbwocti nepecysarit nigrpamysanit ToBHORAKCHHS onan noninawnudi warn, nocamia noctifieusit sactymunk minicrpa ‘npasosi cnpasi ttpeMt’ep-Mitsicnp npn6aH3H0 npustavara npuiiwarn piers npamyexara paso pisnnit cxslaqaTH (BKTO4ATH 10 cKTATy) cxsranars (yTHoprosaTH) cayaumn crapunit cyzona rinka saan TeoperH4io yroma YPaX ypam ii seauunocti yTBoptonaTH uimkom sew Government Departments; Mi Home Office Department of Health Treasury Minister; Secretary of State junior minister in practice vest integrate deliberation inappropriate nominally UK (United Kingdom) isterial Department choose unanimity separate cover matters Parliament party majority party move support power submission political oversight post Permanent Secretary legal affairs Prime Minister approximately appoint take decisis assume in total various comprise make up serve senior judiciary theoretically convention Government Her Majesty’s Government form entirely ‘memberPART 3. PRESIDENT AND HIS TEAM 1, Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. security A. based on two opposite i, rapanr principles at the same time 2. opposing B. integrity ii, nesanexnnit 3. cohabitation C. puta stop to iii, Gesrtexa 4, duality D. influence iv. apoiericns 5. independent E. continuity in laws V. mpaitarsii 6. acceptable F. follower |. WAH BANIBILHK 7. prevent, G. no-trust show of hands i. cninicuynanns 8. take effect H. being in opposition to viii, nomearn 9. interfere I. coexistence ix. 30608’ asanii 10. guarantor I. suitable X, MepeniKoxpKaTH LL. indivisibitity K. autonomous xi, sanoGirarn 12. legal succession L. according to one’s decision _xii. cysepenirer 13. observer M. backer xiii, Ha uaiies poscya, 14, sovereignty N. required xiv. aMcTyNara MporH 15. vote of no confidence —_O.. get in the way XV. npanonacrymHnuTB0 16. at one’s discretion P. independence xvi. OTyM HeoBipH 17. obliged Q safety xvii, enoxinaicrs 2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above. 1. In the parliamentary-presidential system the President and the Premier can be in opposition to each other and this is called coexistence. 2. The parliamentary-presidential system is based on two opposite factors: the autonomously elected President and a Premier who must be suitable both for the president and the Parliament. 3. The President is required to put a stop 1o any negative influence or getting in the way of the Constitutional process from any of the branches of power. 4. The President is the backer of state independence and tertitorial integrity of Ukraine, the follower of the Constitution and human rights and freedoms, he or she also ensures national safety and continuity in laws of the state 5. According to the Constitution the President can not dissolve the Parliament by his or her own decision, but the Parliamentarians have their restrictions on the no- trust show of hands as well. 783. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. What features of the parliamentary- presidential system can you think of? What may be the functions of the President and the Premier within such system? The parliamentary-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. The President and the Premier can be from differing and opposing political parties. The two executives are not elected at the same time or for the same term, This is called cohabitation. Cohabitation occurs because of the duality of the executive: an independently elected President and a premier who must be acceptable both to the president and to the Parliament. The President of Ukraine serves to represent the country and government as a whole, and not any specific branch of government. The President is obliged to prevent any actions of the executive, legislative and judicial branches from taking effect and interfering with the powers of the Constitution, The President is the guarantor of state sovereignty and territorial indivisibility of Ukraine, the observer of the Constitution and human rights and freedoms. The President ensures state independence, national security and the legal succession of the state. The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the Head of the National Security and Defense Couneil. Formal inter-branch relations in the parliamentary-presidential system of Ukraine (¥ - Yes, N—NO) are shown in the table below. According President's | Presidents | Restrictions | President's | Overriding to the initiative to | discretion to) on vote of no | discretion to | President's Constitution | name PM? | dismiss PM?| confidence?! | dissolve Veto assembly? 1996 Y Y Y N Y (2/3) 2004 N N N N Y (2/3) as amended !. Meaning that the president can ignore a vote of no confidence or the assembly is restricted as to when 1 may initiate such vote. 4. Work in pairs. Use the table above and tell your partner about the changes in the parliamentary-presidential system of Ukraine since the Constitution was amended in 2004. S. Listen to the text on the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and fill in the gaps in the sentences. You will hear the text twice. The term of office of the PM and the Cabinet members depends on the duration of parliamentary convocation, coalition or upon the corresponding resignations and removals. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the highest body of the state (1) power and serves as the cabinet of the Q). The Cabinet is (3). to the President and _ (4) to the Verkhovna Rada. The Prime (5) (PM) heads the executive (6) of the government and the Cabinet. The PM is appointed by the Verkhovna Rada following the President’s formal (7). The candidacy is chosen by the 8) parliamentary () (minimum 226 votes). With the parliament's (10) the PM appoints the First Vice-Prime Minister, three Vice-Ministers and ministers. The Prime Minister (11) the work of the Cabinet and (12) it’ for the implementation of the Cabinet Activity Program (13) by the Verkhovna Rada. The Cabinet (14) the foreign and domesti (15) policy, implements financial, pricing, _ (16) and taxation policies; the policy in the spheres of labor and (17) of the population, social ____ (18), education, science and culture, environmental protection, ecological (19) and the utilization of nature, The Cabinet 79prepares the _____—(20)- State (21) and oversees its implementation. Its _______ @2)_ and regulations are mandatory. The term of office of the PM and the ~ (23) members depends on the duration of _ (24) convocation, the configuration of the coalition or upon the corresponding resignations and removals. 6. Read the text and then fill in the table below it using the information in this and other texts of the Lesson. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. ‘The President is authorized to: - sign and veto laws of the Verkhovna Rada (except on constitutional amendments); suspend acts of the Cabinet; dissolve the parliament; call for early elections and national referendums; - conduct negotiations and sign treaties on behalf of Ukraine; recognize foreign nations; appoint and dismiss heads of diplomatic missions of Ukraine to other states and to international organizations; accept credentials and letters of recall of diplomatic representatives of foreign states; = submit to the Verkhovna Rada the nominees for the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and of Defense; appoint and dismiss the Prosecutor General and the Head of the Security Service with the parliament’s consent; select one-third of the Constitutional Court and one-half of the Council of the National Bank and the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting; = confer high ranks and state awards; grant pardons. Presidential Secretariat provides administrative, advisory, analytical, and legal assistance to the President; arranges communication and official statements between the President and the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet, the Constitutional Court, local government bodies, and other institutions Executive-Legislative Relations in US and European Models TR HESTUNSTER SEL EE WRN PARLIAMENTARY. *) PRESIDENTIAL ¢ Who makes up | Separately Flected President, | Prime Minister; PM and the Executive } Cabinet nominated by the Cabinet elected by the Branch? President and confirmed by the | majority party in the legislature legislature ‘The Cabinet, or Ministers, are (Cabinet members cannot members ofthe legislature. A simultaneously be members of || Hereditary Monareh is head Tegislature, and vice-versa) of state (mostly ceremonial) Can the Legislawure cannot remove the || The leislature dissolves the legislature President, except under chief executive and cabinet remove the extreme conditions, and the J through a vote of no executive, and || president cannot dissolve the] confidence, forcing new vice-versa? legislature, parliamentary elections. Bodies involved | Upper House: Senate Upper: House of Lords in the legislanve | Lower House: House of Lower: House of Commons process? Representatives, The government (Prime Govt. cabinet departments Minister, cabinet and assist in drofing bills, but most | bureaucracy) Occasionally bills originate via committees in| roferred to select committees legislature; President can veto} for consultation. legislation, which ean be overridden by 2/3 vote of both houses.Compare and contrast the system of government in the USA, Britain and Ukraine. In which ways are they similar and in which different? Don’t give separate descriptions of each system. You may use the clues in the boxes below and the table above. There is a possible beginning of your essay below the boxes. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Stating and justifying opinions [think that... In my opinion ... To my mind, ... I believe that I can't be certain, but I think ...Personally, I feel that. I could be wrong, but I think .... I personally think ... Ifyou want to know what I think, ... This is what I think ... Not everybody will agree with me, but. Tim not sure, but I think that... In my personal opinion Comparing and contrasting is like .. is similar to ... -atesembles. both... neither... -er than s asinot so... a8 sO... (that) such ..: (that) more than. + lessofa asmuchofa..., theolder....the more the more...., the less however... incontrastto... unlike... on the other hand... Example The systems of government in the USA and Ukraine have both similar and different features. All systems have three branches of power: legislative, executive and judicial. However... 8. Translate into English Tlapnamentenko-rmpesHienTebka CHeTeMa € CTOCOGOM MpaBsiNts, 3a AKIM TOsOBa BAKOHABYOT ‘BagH Ht mpeauseHT omHaKoBo akTHBHO GepyTs yuacTe y TORCAKMeHHOMY Jlep»KaBHOMY yripaBsiHHi. Bonit moxyTs GyTH WieHaMit pisHHX, HaBiTh onlosHUiliMNX noniTHURHX naprii, OGupatucr Ha Roca oxpeMo Ta Ha pisHnti Tepaint. Taka CHCTeMa HasHBACTKCA “crIiBicHYBAHHD, m0 BiTOGpaxKAC apoicticts BHKoHaRYo! ara, TIpesuseHtt He O¥om0€ i He BXONTE 10 -KOAHO! 3 riNlOK Aep»KABHOT 3140, Bil! yocoGmoe jepxkany ii nepxkapity allay sarasiom. [Ipesuenr 30608" asainit mpurnist Syab-sKi fii sakoHORaBuO!, BHKOHaBYOL YH cyOBOY BIANH, ski TIp{MO SH OMocepenKOBAHO nopyuyiors Koxcrutyniro Yxpainm. [Ipesnyenr ¢ rapantomM jep:kapioro cysepexirery, epuTopianbioi uisicHocti, aorpamansia Koxcruryuii, mpas ta cuoGom soauun i rpomalan. pesmuent saGemesye AepKasHy HesanexnicTs, HanionamHy Gesnexy i npasonactynimnrso aepacann, TIpemurent ¢ Bepxonuni roxopHoxomarmyparem s6poiinnx cast Yepaitm, ovomoc Pany aitionamsuoi Geartexu it oGopoun Vpain. KaGixer Mixicrpia € BHuguM opraHom y cucTeMi opranis BHKonaBvoi Brann. KaGiner sianosigamuuli mepex mpesugenrom ta nisspiranli Bepxosuii Pani. [pen ep-misicrp apiaxaacrscs Bepxosnow Paloio 3a nosaHHaM npeswutenta. Kaxmuuiarypa via npysHavenna fa nlocayly pew’ ep-mitticrpa oOupacrbca GinbUlicTIO HapOmHUX LenlyTaTis Bin KOKCTHTYNtIHOTO cxtany Bepxontoi Pagu (226 rosocis). 3a sronow napiaMeHry npem’ep-Mixicrp npusHayae Ha slocamit Hepiuoro pitte-npem’ ep-miniicrpa, TpsOX Bille-npeM’ cp-Minictpiv i Minicrpip. Tpew’ ep- \tinictp kepyc po6orow Kabinery, cnpamonye ii Ha BAKOHaHHs nporpama sianbHocti Kabinery, cxaanenoi Bepxosnoi Pagow. KaGiner saGesneuye apificuenus BHyTpiIHboT Ta 30BHiLIKBOT AONITHKH NepKaBl, IpoBeveHHA (inascoBol, witoRoi, inBecTHUIHO: Ta HOAATKOBO! HONiTHKH; nosituku y chepax mpatti Hi saiinsarocti Haceneuus, couiansioro saxucry, ocpirH, HayKi i SSIBTYPH, OXOpoIH MpHponH, eKosoriuHol Gesnexm i mpupoxoKopuctysais. KaGiner 81pospo6uxe mpoekT sakoHy Mpo Zepxannnit Grosker i aaGeaneuye Horo BuKoHanHa, TloctanouHt i posnopsspxenta KaGinety € 0GoR's2KOBHMH 0 BHKOHAHES. Tpesnzetr: = nianucye saxoun, mpuiinsti Bepxonnorw Panoro; Mac npano HakiatarH pero (Kpim sakoHin po axecenus amin 0 Koucrutyuii); symunae giro axtin KaOinety Minictpie; mpamuuae mopnosaxenua Bepxostoi Pau; oronomye nosayeprosi suGopH Ta BceyKpaincpxi pedbepenaymar; = Bele Meperonopn Ta yxaaqac Mixnaponni poroopH Bin ineni Yxpainu; npwiinac pimieHHs Mpo BHSHAHHA iHOSEMHMX RepKaB; MpHsHayac Ta snibHSe PAB AMILIOMATHEHX mpencrasnmure Yxpaiin B inuIHX ZepxkaBax i pH MixHaposuMx opranizauiax; upuiiwac Bipyi Ht Biman rpaMoTH AHMIOMATHIHUX MpescTaBHNKia inoxemHAx sepxKan; mpeacrannse gepmany y MUKHApOAUNX niqMOCHHAX, sniliciIoe KepintMNTAO sonHiMIHBOTIONiTHTHOIO nismesicno nepkanr; ~ BkOCHTE 0 BepxosHot Pann noqaniis po MpHsHaveHHs Miuticrpa oGopoxs Ta Mistierpa 3aKopHOHHHX cupas; 3a srouo1o Bepxosiol Pant npusnayae wa nocany Ta aRiabuae 3 MocasH Texepansuoro Tipoxypopa Hi rosony Cayax6u Gesnexw; mpwaHaiae TpeTHHy Kany Konerryuitinoro cyzy, nonopuuy cxnazy Pana Hanioanbroro Ganxy ta Hantionanbuoi pas 3 nuTans TeneGavenns i paziomonnenHs; = NpucRoIvE BIIIRI HHH; HArOpODKYe epKABHUMU HaroposlaM; Haylee NOMMNYBAHHA Tonosuum sasnanHama Cexpetapiaty ¢ opranisauiline, mpasone, KoHcymbTaTHEHe, excneptHo-avasituune Ta inme saGesnevertis aisnbHocti mpesnenra. Cexperapiat BiztcToIoe nosimii npesisteHta y Bsaemonii 3 Bepxosnow Paqoro, KaGinerom minictpia, Konerstyuitinam CYAOM, MpaBOOXOPOHHHMH Ta iHINMH ZepxKABHHMM oprantamu, opravamm Micuenoro caMonpsslyBaHns, a Takoxk TiNNpHEMCTRANH, YcraHoRaMu i opranizanisna. VOCABULARY ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN accept paiva acceptable patiusrini accountable to sinnosisanbunii nepen arrange sanaromgysarit as a whole sarasiom authorize ynosHosaxkysarn; nopy4ari ay Tomoc «aa» npit ronocynarsti candidacy kavnnnatypa cohabitation cnivicnysanna conduct negotiations posomHrH neperovopit confer HanasatH, npHcysKyBaTH credential sipwa rpawora day-to-day TlonesKeHMHi decree exper, yikas; Hakas differ BinpisnaTHos; pismuTHcs diplomatic mission AMNIOMATHMHE NpenCTARHHLTBO disband posnycKaTa (napaamexT TouL0) draft law sakoHOnpoext duality avoicticTs duration ‘papanicrs ecological safety exonorisa Gestieka elaborate AeranbHo pospo6naTH employment saitusticrs HaceneHtis execution siikowanita grant pardons aglasati nomatysans 82guarantor implement ndivisibility interfere with investment legal succession letter of recall majority parliamentary coalition mandatory National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting National Security and Defense Council nominee observer oppose premier Presidential Secretariat prevent pricing recognize removal resignation resolution social security sovereignty specific state award suspend take effect taxation utilization of nature veto Vice-Prime Minister with one’s consent opyarren; rapant aaGeamesyeari BHKOHAHHS nepemkomxera inpectypanna, nknananna xanirany panonactynHiurTBo Binisimana rpamora napnawerrreska Ginbuticre Bia KoHCTHTyLiFinIOro cxaaay 0608 sakoBuii, npanyconitt Hauionanbaa pana 3 mura TeneSasenna i paniomosnenus Pagia nautionanbnoi Gesntekn it oGopornt auquaar (Ha nocaay) warasa4 (3a ZOTpHMAHsIM 3aKOHY TOMO) Gyr p onosautit pew’ ep-Misiicrp Cexperapiat npesienta sanoGirarn uinoyraoperta BHSHaBaTH yeyHlentis BinerapKa pinieniis; pesomoutia couianbitit saxniet cysepeniter creuiatnnit, ocoSmmentt aepxaptia Haroposta THMHACORO MpMMHEATIE Bnaneari ononarkysanis TpupostoKopHeTyBanita lakunayiaTH BETO siue-npem’ep-minictp AomortHes 3ronu UKRAINIAN ~ ENGLISH 6yrH » ono pusHaBaTH auKoHanHa Binkmusia rpamora sinnoniaansisnit reper BinpisuaTnca Bincraaka sipya rpanora sinte-npew ep-minierp stata Kanirany anausarht rapant Tomoe «a> pH rossocysantii aBoic' exper epskabna Haropona AeTanbHO pospoGuuaTH ANTMIOMATHYHE NpeACTABHHLTBO SOMOrTHCS sro oppose recognize execution letter of recall accountable to differ resignation credential Vice-Prime Minister investment take effect guarantor ay duality decree state award elaborate diplomatic mission with one’s consentopysarit exomorivna Geseka saGesmeaynarH BHKOHAIHA saranom saitirricte Hacenenns saxononpoekT sanarospkyBarH sanosirarn inpectysarna xaruuutar (Ha nocarty) xawnmnatypa arsine (3a LOTPHMAHHLAM 3aKOHY TOTO) HANABaTH NOMITyBAHEA aKas aqiagatH Beto Haniowaosa paga 3 msrants TeneGaycnnta i paniomosaenns HenioninsHicrs 0608’ a3KoBHtt ononarkysanns ocoGmmsnii napaamenresxa GinbmicTs Bin Koucrutyuilitoro cxnany nepemkomoxara noncaksennitit npasowacrymairs0 mpem’ep-sinicrp putter npuiierrenii npumycosnii NpuposoKopucrysaans pncysxypark (rowectte sais TOO) npososurH neperosopHt Pana Hanionansnoi Gesrtexnt it o6opoHnt pesomouin pincers posmyckars (napramenr Tow0) Cexperapiar npeswurestra couianbentit saxnor cnentiansinit cnipicnysasis cysepenirer ‘TuNTacoBO MpHTNHATH ‘pusanicrs yaa yrosHosaxysarit ‘yoynemma uinoyrsopenna authorize ecological safety implement asa whole employment draft law arrange prevent investment nominee candidacy observer grant pardons decree veto National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting indivisibility mandatory taxation specific ‘majority parliamentary coalition interfere with day-to-day legal succession premier accept acceptable mandatory utilization of nature confer conduct negotiations National Security and Defense Council resolution resolution disband Presidential Secretariat social security specific cohabitation sovereignty suspend duration decree authorize removal pricingLESSON 3. STATE MACHINERY PART 1A. A THIRD PARTY RUINED THE GARDEN OF EDEN 1. Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. A B c 1. operate A less important i, myo acouiioerses 2 2. elective B. candidate xinlew KinmteM 3. primary elections C. instrument iii, Tanieman 4. state-administered D. strategy iv. BuGopamii 5. general elections _E. following v. nonepeati sHGopH 6. nominee F. disappear little by little vi. nontirisca (ypsuty Toto) 7. subsequent G. recognized vii, ronomnuit 8. major H. approve . Hactyninnit 9. mascot 1. under the administration of the state ix, saci6 10, minor J. such that one should win the election for x. Hanmi 11. identified K. great xi, npegcrapnntrso 12. representation _L. in the end xii, nixpunypara 13. tend M. promote xiii. ism 14, means (n) N. preliminary voting xiv. 3arambai suopi 15. advocate (v) O. most important XV. HOCTYNOBO SHHKATHL 16. policy P. be likely XVi, KAaar Ha Tlocay 17.eventually Q. main voting xvii. nig erizo1o uratip 18. adopt R. symbolizing xviii, mar TeHeH10 19. considerable S. talisman xix. apiOniumii 20. fade away T. function Xx. npuiimaru (piniensis) 2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in the table above. 1.Under the two-party system functioning in the USA, at the preliminary voting, conducted under the administration of the states, people choose the candidates from the most important and less important political parties for all offices one should win the election for. 2. Those candidates then compete in the following main voting. 3. The parties use their traditional talismans and recognized colors in their marketing and symbolizing. 4. Third political parties are likely to serveas an instrument to promote strategies that in the end are approved by the two major political parties, may have great local strength for a few years, then they disappear little by litle. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. What political parties in the USA can you think of? How do the US political parties promote their candidates in elections? Do you know any US party’s colors or symbols and their meaning? What may be the role of minor parties in the political process in the USA? 4. For questions 1-10 read through the following text and then choose from the list A-J the best phrase given below to fill each of the spaces. POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE USA The United States have operated under a two-party system a __ (2), state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees @). (4), the major parties have been the Democratic Party, and the Republican Party. The traditional mascot of the Republican Party is the elephant, and the most common mascot symbol __ _____ (5) is the donkey. ©) (and many minor ones) use the traditional American red, white, and blue colours in their marketing and representations, the colour blue has become the identified colour of the Democratic Party, while red — _ __ (7). Many minor or third political parties _ (8). They tend (9) to advocate policies that eventually are adopted by the two major political parties, (10) for a few years, then fade away. A. for the Democratic Party B. although both major political parties C. for subsequent general elections D. appear from time to time E. have considerable local strength F. for most of its history G. the one of the Republican Party H.toserve a means L for elective offices at all levels J. since the general election of 1856 5. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the political par in the USA and their symbols, 6. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. All sentences refer to the future. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0. Major political parties (choose) nominees this time next year. Major political parties will be choosing nominees this time next year 1. The politicians believe that the United States ___ (operate) under a two-party system for the rest of its history. 2. The Green Party (never substitute) by its strength the Democrats in the political arena, 3. For the next four years the Republican Party (advocate) its present policy in foreign affairs. 4, If nothing happens, the major parties _ (choose) their nominees at the primary elections. 5. Many minor parties in the USA definitely (use) the traditional American red, blue and white colours in their representation and marketing, 6. While the country is evolving, minor political parties (appear) on the political arena 7. At the next summer convention the Republican Party (not discuss) their traditional mascot symbol. 8. The policy of the Democratic Party (have) considerable influence in the future.9. Two major parties — the Democratic and the Republican ~ (share) the leadership during the subsequent general elections. 10. If this nominee fails at the primaries, the status of his party (fade). 7. Listen to the text on the Republican Party and fill in the gaps in the sentences, You will hear the text twice. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY «> The Republican Party was created in 1854 in (1) to the Kansas- S8{ Nebraska Act that could allow the expansion of slavery into Kansas. Besides opposition to slavery, the new _ _ 2) put forward a progressive vision of modemizing the United (3) — emphasizing higher __ (4), banking, railroads, industry and cities, while promising free Jand to farmers. In this way, their (5) philosophy was similar to the Whig’s Party’s. The Party Abraham Lincoln and came to power in the (7)_ of 1860. It is the second-oldest continuing =) (8) party in the United States, The term "Grand Old Party” or the "GOP" are the________(9) nicknames for the Republican Party. The second half of the 20th century saw (10) of Republican presidents Eisenhower, R. Nixon, R. Reagan, George Bush senior, and George Bush junior. The Republican Party nominees were __ (11) to majorities to both (12) of Congress in 1994. In the 21st Senfury the Republican Party stands for (13) conservatism, an aggressive foreign (14) attempting to defeat (15) and promote global 16), & more powerful (17) branch, tax cuts, and deregulation and subsidization of (18). 8. Read the text and then fill in the table below it using the information in this and the previous exercises. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. DEMOCRATIC PARTY It is the oldest political party in continuous operation in the United States and it is one of the oldest parties in the world. The Democratic Party traces origins to the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other influential opponents of the Federalists. in 1792. Historically, the party has favoured farmers, labourers, labour unions, and religious and ethnic minorities; it has opposed unregulated business and finance, and favored progressive income taxes, Today, Democrats advocate more social freedoms, affirmative action, balanced budget, and a free enterprise system rempered by government intervention (mixed economy). The Democratic Party supports equal spportunity for all Americans regardless of sex, age, race, sexual orientation, religion, creed, or national origin. It holds an outright majority in the House and the Democratic caucus constitutes = majority in the United States Senate. Democrats also hold a majority of state governoships and control a plurality of state legislatures. The party's nominee Senator Barack Obama has become the 44-th President of the United States in the 2008 election. Some of the party's key issues in the zarly 2st century in their last national platform have included the methods of how to combat errorism, homeland security, and expanding access to health care, labour rights, environmentalism, and the preservation of liberal government programs. 87US Democratic Party US Republican Party Foundation (year) Social groups orientation at the beginning Opposed to at the beginning Favored at the beginning Favor today Achievements after 1950 Key issues in the early 21st century 9. At home compare the Democratic and the Republican parties in the USA using the table above. In which ways are they similar and in which different? Do not give separate description of each party. Contrast the present and the past of each of the parties. You may use the clues in the boxes below. There is a possible beginning of your essay below the box. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Deseribing past habits Used to... Would... + Past Tenses Example The Democratic Party is one of the oldest parties in the USA. It used fo oppose Federalists in its early history. However... 10. Translate into English A. PeciyGaikanicesky maptiio Gyo creopento y 1854 poui 3 meroio Gopors6u mpoTH Axty Kansac-He6packa», sikiii Mir cnpusta moumpeniio paGersa y urrar Kansac. Oxpin Gopors6u 3 pa6crvom wopa naprix mportarysana mporpecnaxy Mogens movepiisanit Cuonysennx Llrarie, mpusinsioun ocoGmmay yeary nitTaHHiM posaHTKy BHINO! ocBiTH, Ganxincskoi cucremm, mpowmcnonocti ta posGysonn nemukux ict. Y roi xe ac pecrySnixanni oGinsnn depmepam Hanan GesKoUrroBUNX semexbHM Haninis, Y wboMy acrexti ixHA ckoHOMiyHa MporpaMa Gys1a cxoxKA Ha nosHi1o naprii Biriv, Pecny6miKantcnKa naptia sucyryna Kauangetypy Appaama JlinkombHa it npuiiuua xo snaqn Ha nuGopax 1860 poxy. Ula naptia e apyroro naicrapuioro p Cnonysennx Llrazax. Ipyra nonoeuna XX cropivis ostaMenypaliact oGpaniam TaKHX pecnyGnixancsxux npesuqentia, sik JI. Bitsenxayep, P. Hixcon, P. Peitran, Jbx. Byut-crapumit ta Jbx. Byurmonomunii. Y 1994 poui Pecny6nixancska napria masta nepes@xty Ginbuticts B Gx manatax Konrpecy. Y XXI cronirri oniruxa PecnyGnixanenkoi naprii pimwayacrsea couiaibHHM KOHCepBaTHaMoM,