Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

Course No: EEE 307

Course Name: Electrical Properties of Material

Assignment on

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ENERGY OF A PARTICLE USING KRONIG-

PENNEY MODEL

Prepared for, Prepared by,

Dr. Md. Kawsar Alam Name: Md. Abir Hassan
Assistant Professor, Students’ ID: 1106132
Dept. of EEE, BUET Level: III ; Term: I
Section: C

Date of submission: 20-04-2015

 Energy Band:

Consider the following figure,

Solving Schrodinger Equation for an electron confined in the above region

by using Bloch’s theorem we get:

sin 𝛽𝑎
cos 𝑘𝑎 = P + cos 𝛽𝑎
𝛽𝑎

where
2𝑚𝐸
β=√
ℏ2

𝑚𝑉𝑜 𝑏𝑎
P=
ℏ2

2𝜋𝑛
K= we’ve assumed p=10
𝑁𝑎
 Matlab Code:

clear all;
clc;
close all;
m=9.1e-31;
a=7e-10;
Ba=-(5*pi):0.001:(5*pi);
L=Ba/pi;
p=10;
h=(6.63e-34)/(2*pi);
Y=p*sinc(L)+cos(Ba);
plot(L,Y)

for i=1:length(Y)
if(Ba(i)>=0)
k=i;
break
end
end

count=0;
y=acos(Y);

while 1
if (Y(k)<=1 && Y(k)>=-1)
count=count+1;
b=0;
while (Y(k)<=1 && Y(k)>=-1)
b=b+1;
E(count,b)=(Ba(k)^2)*h^2/(2*m*(a^2));
ka(count,b)=y(k)+(count-1)*pi;
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break
end
end
Ef=E(count,:)/1.6e-19;
ka1=ka(count,:)/pi;
ka2=-ka(count,:)/pi;
plot(ka1,Ef);
xlabel('ka/pi');
 ylabel('E');
hold on;
plot(ka2,Ef);
end
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break;
end
end

shift=0;

while 1
if y(i)>=-1 && y(i)<=1
shift=shift+1;
b=0;
while y(i)>=-1 && y(i)<=1
b=b+1;
E1(shift,b)=(Ba(i)^2)*h^2/(2*m*(a^2));
ka1(shift,b)=y(i);
i=i+1;
if i>length(Y)
break
end
end
E_ev1=E1(shift,:)/1.6e-19;
ka_pi1=ka1(shift,:)/pi;
n1=length(E_ev1);
if ka_pi1(1)>ka_pi1(2)
l=0;
for f=(n1+1):2*n1
E_ev1(f)=E_ev1(n1-l);
ka_pi1(f)=-ka_pi1(n1-l);
l=l+1;
end
else
en=E_ev1;
ka_v=ka_pi1;
ka_m=-ka_pi1;
i1=0;
for j2=1:n1
E_ev1(j2)=en(n1-i1);
ka_pi1(j2)=ka_m(n1-i1);
 i1=i1+1;
end
i2=1;
for j2=n1+1:2*n1
E_ev1(j2)=en(i2);
ka_pi1(j2)=ka_v(i2);
i2=i2+1;
end
end
plot(ka_pi1,E_ev1);
xlabel('ka/pi');
ylabel('E in ev');
hold on;
end
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break;
end
end

 Output graph:
 Extended zone:

 Reduced zone: