Grammar workshop 2 Units 5-8 Countable/uncountable nouns = Countable nouns * use a/an in the singular ‘He's an employee at the Ford factory. * can be made plural: Several of our employees have left in the last month, '* can use some/any in the plural: Some employees have asked for pay rise. * use few/many: ‘There are too many employees onthe payroll. = Uncountable nouns « are always singular, never use a/an: She's looking for work. + can use some/any in the singular He doesn’t have any time for meetings this week. * use lttle/much: We receive too much junk mail every day. = Some words can be both countable and uncountable, but their meaning changes: Its difficult ro get a job without experience. (in general] Working for Henry Ford was an unusual experience. (one particular experience) ‘A good learner's dictionary will tell you if noun is countable or uncountable 1 Classify the following nouns by writing them in the correct column of the table. advertisement advertising advice budget business cost direct mall euro experience information innovation job leaflet marketing money news office fumiture product profit progress promotion publicity qualification sponsorship transport travel tip work Countable Uncountable Both advertisement 4 Grammar workshop 2 10 Complete these sentences by writing some, any, few, little, many, much, a or ann the gaps. In some. gaps, more than one answer is possible. Our promotional campaign brought in £2m¢ new business, but not enough. In such a competitive environment, it’s hard to make profit. How ...... experience do you have of direct marketing? Our other candidate didn’t have... experience at all ‘Adding a remote control to the product was excellent innovation, but nct........ progress has been, made since then. Marketing is... significant cost, and we have large budget for it. We needed... advice about how to carry out product promotion, 50 we went 0... firm of consultants, businesses were slow to realise the value of having........ company website. Look at the use of a/an in these sentences. Correct the ones which are wrong. Ifa sentence is already correct, put correct. an a He put advertisement for new sales director in the paper. Advertising is a very expensive form of publicity. correct ‘We need higher advertising budget. The best way to reach target customers is through a direct mail. Our office needs new furniture. Ifyou need a work, there is job being advertised at Benton Electronics. [have a qualification in accountancy and an experience in a wholesale business. The key to a business success is innovation. He enjoys business travel. Recently he went on a trip to Kenya. For an information or advice, ring 253977.-ing forms and infinitives The first conditional = Use infinitives * to express purpose: He borrowed money to start his own business. * alter adjectives: It’s great to talk 10 you © after too and enough: He's too busy to speak to you at the moment. « after certain verbs such as agree, appear, arrange, ask, decide, demand, expect, fal, help, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, ‘threaten, want: ve arranged to meet the marketing manager at H o'clock. = Use -ing forms * after prepositions: How about running a new advertising campaign? + as subjects or objects of a verb: Borrowing money car be risky. He finals asking for help difficult. * after certain verbs such as admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, involve, mind, postpone, risk, suggest: Running your own business involves working 12 hours a day, seven days a week. « after these expressions: i's no good, it’s not worth, it's no use, it's a waste of time: Ie’s not worth spending « lot of money on new leaflets when we can put all the information on. the website, Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (-ing form or infinitive). 1 My company doesn't spend enough money on fraining. (ain) staf 2. My job involves (deal) with money. 3. would be happy (get) a more responsible job. 4 (advertise) on television is too expensive for my company (invest) in, 5 Wsnotworth (develop) a new product unless ‘you know who your target customers are likely (be). 6 Iwouldn’t risk (leave) my job... (start) up a business on my own. 7 Ifa member of my family had a good business idea, 1 would help them (develop) it by (lend) them money. 8 (study) for a business degree is essential if you want (be) successful in business. = The first conditional is formed by: 1f/Unless + present tense, future tense/modal verb f= You can put the if clause before or after the main, clause. Ifit comes before, you must use a comma If prices rise, demand will fall Demand will fall if prices rise. = Instead of if or unless, you can use on condition that, provided (that), providing (that) or as long as to be more emphatic: Providing that you deliver the goods on time, we'll pay at sight. ‘We'll buy the new machine on condition that you ‘give us a two-year warranty. Our soft drinks should sell very well as tong as the weather remains hot. , = The first conditional refers to real possibilities. It talks about the present or the future, Make complete sentences by matching the first part (1-7) with the second part (a-g). Ifyou buy more than 1,000 units, Unless you're late paying, ‘We'll arrange for extra-fast delivery {might place a very large order ‘As long as your products meet international hygiene standards, ‘We'll be happy to pay in euros 7. Welllsell your products on condition that 2 you make us exclusive agents for this region. ‘on condition that you pay the transportation costs, involved. provided we can reach agreement on price. unless the exchange rate changes drastically. we could manage a larger discount. we should have no difficulty in selling them. we'll continue supplying you at regular intervals. Grammar workshop 2