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    Tonu Constantin

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    POCCHACKAS AKAQEMHA HAYK MHCTHTYT HAYIHOR HHOOPMANHH 10 OBMECTBEHHHM HAYKAM CUMBOJIMYECKAA NONUTUKA BbINYCK 1 KOHCTPYMPOBAHHE NPEACTABAEHHA 0 NPOWAOM KAK BAACTHDbIi PECYPC CBOPHUK HAYYHBIX TPYQOB Mocxna 2012 YAK 32 BBK 66.0 C37 HHHOH PAH Tenmp connaxsnorx nayuro-mupopmayuonnsrx uccnedosanuit Ongea nommuriecxoti Hayrat Penaxnromias konnerns: Mammosa 0.10, ~7-p anoc. RayK, rapist penaKtop, Exbpesenno JL.B.— rep. wonst. nave, Fippenoea BH. — oreeterpen- stl cexpetaps, Mnsuor MB, xep nomrr. ayn, Menewsiera E10. — asi, ote. Raye. Iugoeapos 10,C, — aan. PAH, Moyenyes C.IT.—a-p momar, Rays, Cenenenno HC.— 2p anu way, Dadeesa JLA,— Iep MeTOpI. Hay Cropommrieekan norma: C6, nays. tp. / PAH. MEMO. C37 Mesmp connan, ways.-unbopt. wecnen OTA. nowt. Rayer, Ore, pea: Manmiora O.10. ~ Bum, 1: Konerpynponanne mpescrassienmit o Mpomunom Kak mtacrsuit pecype.— M., 2012, ~334 ¢. (Cep.: Hommronorns). ISBN 978-5-248-00639-7 Paconarpmaiores Teopenmece mpoGnewer sayreina cmunonesecroit ee ee coimansaoll peamssocta. Tipescramenmie » cGopmace crarut pebeparas SMAKOHET € HEGIEAOBAAIIN OTEHECTHEATAN HW SAQYGERFN cHATATHCTOR, Iocramestnut Wieino-epnoamvecKoll CocraRnIER cORDEME;EISN. ose ‘uResIr npouccon, OcoG0e seraveme yreaeTes any KankTIMeCia senexroa xowerpysponamis a penpesewramim npounoro 3 Poceuu u xpyrace cexpauex. TlySamucnores ofp spcxyccntt » CMM no aeryanbi o6uer- ‘nermo-nowuereecs ipo. Tipemanistenn ae vecrexosareneY-nostranocop, peDONBSTEIE S08 ceryaetTok, a aioe JU ace, KO Hatepeeseres NoNpaCaNH peste NONI "exo aye ‘The issue considers theoretical problems involved in the study of symbolic politics s a sphere of competition of different iterpretations ofthe social real= Fry. It contains articles and reviews devoted {0 the ideaional and symbolic ‘components of modern poiiesl processes, Special atention is paid to enalysis of political aspects of construction and representation of coloctve past im Rusia tnd other countries, The mairisls of public dsoussiors of significant social issues are review ad analyzed. For politcal ang social scientists, students and other readere who ere iner- ‘ested in politcal stience. yak 32 BBIC 66.0 ISBN 978-5-248-00639-7 (© MEVIOH PAH, 2012 COMEPKAHHE Cinmomiseckes riommmixa: Kontypsi npoGestoro nests 5 ‘TEOPHA Ht METOAOJIOPMA AHAJIH3A CHMBOANYECKOM HOMTHKH oneayes C11 «Crnmmomrreckas nominees: K neroprirnomtenta .. 17 Myxapanor HM. O cummonisecxux HaNasax 8 SKIKE MOMTHRA (niparmarsrsecnedi acrtext) Mockaun JLE. Busyanbuiue penpereirraum b noumirKe 1 mepe- TeKTHBKI BICYATOHAIX MeTONOR WCCHENORAHATL B rOMiTH ‘wecKol RayKe TEMA BBITIYCKA: TIPEA(CTABIIFHMS O TPOULIOM KAK WACTPYMEHT CHMBOSHYECKOM TOSH THI ‘TopGaxoa W.B. «Hempesexaryenoe> wit «tleonpestenenHoes mpouioe? Mesyiaponie erouenis H pocedlicxan wero pieckas nomics... : 1 Aueacon B.A. Ponk nlomrieceix H eresetcryalbix. 9tt oeTROANMICTNECINS TOCysApeTS B MpOMIBOTETRE doa STKE EMATED) ne f .. 126 Sanepmmunicknii Ko. Ciwnommeckire expykeryps Tonnraveckol mans 149 Mutep A. Tlocisriweckne ennmositi u uetopamuecensa nora. 164 Kucerer KB. Tuexype npomsoro ® sriektopanpxoit nomrk= eckofi propre: K nocraronke mpoGevnt 175 MOJMTHKA KAK TIPOH3BOACTBO CMBICIOB Masiona 0.10. Pasronopot 0 cosepmirsarino: Avan npaxtint oSimtecTBEMTIENK ARCKYCCHTIDY B COBPEMEHHOH POCCHIE .nonnn 182 Herpor E.0, MyGnnasas nometuKa p xore smexropasBHoro TAKA 2011-2012 rm Crprnermn expanmremsnoro nommrrecroro AUCKYpEA ve 202, Tlonoea O.B. Cunwomeckas penpesewranuss nponuioro W HacTos urero Pocem n mpesitertexoit xavrianin 2012 r. Ulxypaxnn HLA. Komgenr tesoxparin 8 npejassGopHiom suteKypee kaxsupiaton & Fipesttetsrar PO 2012 1 239 Tyawumickni TIL Hropmannonnsie nolinst Kak KonsexT iTepmperanui, akTHBZHPYIOMIEX KNaeTER KaK SATTAMEBINE, TAK H pocentfcKMT YHeHEIME, CBORETOX K CTeMYIOMeMy: smereH Ht PocoHs stelicren ‘TemMBHO YEKANLHOT cnoem nlocrosMOM erpeNuTentAH dpasteucputat 1 pobaTh Ht HitcTpymeHTaTHSEpORATE HeTOpHIO? HlelicrRETEAKO 1H O88, KAK TIOMAraiOT MHOTHe KOMMeHTTaroph, saZeTeA OcOBeMHO!T CrPAHo! C MpeneABHO GHETPEACKASYENKIM MPOULTAMMY, KE ABTOPHTApHOE Ha- crommtee W (O¥eDHAHO, ZOBOMBKO yHBUIOe) Gyaymce cymecrserIo penonpentereHo ee Kpalie armvieMoKpaTHneckuN HCTOpHIeCKHM. nacreamen? Tlo-sHaHMomy, 8 Gonee mmpoxol cpaseresHOr nep- cmeKtipe Poceua sanseres He TaKHM Yar OONGILHM HeKAOTeHEM. B koxewHtom cuere, MHorve roeyaperma HemombayioT HCTOpHO B Ka- NeCTBe HTICTPYMCHTa MULE COSAAHHA HaIKORAMBHETX rocystapors, YPC THTeHAR COMMANBHO CTIOVENHOCTH He CTHMYnAIUME MATpHOTHMeCKEX. actpocinti, a TaIoKe AErHTHMANL4Hs TIPARTEKAR CANACTE HHpE EPA Hince Ke MOxHO, NOXATYH, YTBEpORATE, “TO HEKOTOPSIE aCrIeK- ‘TB pocculickoro uetopmueckoro Mpouecca sreraroT ciysait Poccran _xclicrsirrestprio ocoSim. Bo-tlepasrx, poccaiickas HcTopHs Xapakrepy- SYETOR MHOKECTBEHGIMH peIpHIBAMH TlomeTHecKOrO KOHTALYHTETA, B mpouuiom Pocens TpinkALT Mensa cHoIO «HeTOpHHeCKyIOY KORY: nocie mesMITTerpannit AUHACTHHECKOH EMTIEpHH PoMaROBEIX, cOnpo- noAMAMUTefies KpoBOMpoTETHO! "paxkranexoit nolioi, Oxta Mpeobpa- soailach KOMMyHHeTuYeCKuit CCCP, pasRan Koroporo 20 ner Haze npuwes K nostrmnoneriio PoccuticKol Dexepanwin ® ce HeiNeUeM ange, Karxnoe 13 apavarueckinx npeobpaionannii XX nea oxastina- s1o MoutHoe soselicrawe Ha npesieranslens 0 ToM, 17M0 ects Paces, H ‘ro snasHT OorTb pyccKum. Bee 91H nepeRoporst 1 paspsneet nena¥oT oGpamerme K «COKpOBIIIBEHIe® poceniickoii ucTopHH B MOHCKAX COoT- BETCTSYIOMLHX CHMBOTO, OGpasOB M HoHLTIAH— TOMY, "TO TpHHSTO nasbiparh usable past (mpufomHoe x MeTIomBsOBarIEO MpoUliToe),— xpaifve mpoGnematiuin. JletiereurensHo, Kakoe 3 HeMABHINX “mIpO- ULrbIx» PoccHH MBX XOTKHET BA\GpaTH B KAMECTBE AHCKYPCHBHONO pe- ‘cypea, ecm pasHBIe MepoAB HeTOpHH crpaHs! cram pasrtrensio ‘ortayatores pyr or xpyra? Bo-sTopux, napanoxcatsHo, Ho Hapsiy c Kpalinelt nomrHwe- ckoii HecTaGHITBHOCTHIO HMeET MecTO opasHTresHIaR reonoARTBHE- kaa craGuanHocts — 8 eMiione yanmATeNbHO ZomroReNHOcTH PocoHE kak reonoamTirscokoro oGpasonanits, Ilo xpalinelt wepe, ¢ Havana XVIIIB, PoceHs ssasetex Nocrostitim reonomHTitiecKiM daxropoxt Wa cenepo-socrouoft onpane Exports, k TOMY 2Ke BpeMeH OTKOCT- om ce Trepasre mperensis Ha crarye nemHKot! (esponetiexoi) aepwass [LeDonne, 1997; LeDonne, 2004). Osman Kakonst Git HH Osu KocoGeHHIe NeprEM PocerH, chsh ee MoTOpHFIeCKOrO MpoMUUIOrO ¢ RacTORUAAM m GyAyUUM mpHE UTTHATbHO He OTIMUAETCA OF TOrO, KAK 9TO MIAHMOOTHOMTEHME BBITILE- 2 Jum B Apyrin crpanax. Poccutickas Texymtas nommTirka (KaK BEYTpeH- HAS, TAK HW MERTYHAPOMHAS), KOHENHO 7Ke, OPMEIPYETeS MON BAH oa mpomoro. Kak npowareasio orwewat cepeaune XIX 5. Mapke » SHAMCHHTOM 1 HACTO TUTTHPYENOM KORIICHTYaITBAOM Macca Xe, MOA AelleTayIOT «npH OGcTosTeABCTMAX, KOTOPKIE HE CAM OHH wwGpaim, a KOTOPKE HeMOCPECTHEHEO HMEIOTOR HATO, AME ANCL repent of npoutoro» [Mapxe, 1960, ¢. 115}. Tem ne mentee 8 waa te 9roro nekiore maparpata Mapre gesaer acoSstit yitop Ha To, "0 camo cant denaiom C6010 HCTOPHEM, HIT aBcomOTHO BepHO. JOH HeMaOT ee, NpecteAYs CRON THMHTNIe MHTEpects, THIATEMBHO HIBeLINIBAA PALIMUHHIE ROSMOKNOCTH H OLeHHBAR MHOTONHCTEHHBIE sapHaHTEL ‘coSerseHHKx nelicreHT, B oom Kontexere nem, aantoii craTEI sakmovaeTeR B-HoCTEMO- AHUM chs3it axleMIKels HomTHKH PoccHH c TeM, TO celisiae MpARSTO HAGHIBATS CHOMHTHRON TaNsTTHnY HME «ACTOpHYECKOH mMomMTAKOF. Anauny ¢ Kparkoro pacemorpertus crenpiak MormMaRA TipanAIM- ‘Mn omtrann Poconm BaxHOCTH Mpominoro, 3aTeM Mepelimy K TOMY, KAK cTOpUYecKad TOAUTTHKA okasHIBAeTER SaselicTAOBAHHOH 8 Gaziee UIE poKON KoHTeKcTe MexLysapoHOlH HostETHRGE PocewH. Zanes moc:te- TyeT arias raySuEHOl CARH MeEKIIY WorOpHMECKON NOMHTHKOK u (wexaynapoanoii) wperrumoersio Pocema. Hp saxcnovenne noxne- AY Mror OGeyRAeHHR KAIOMEREI ApryMEHTOR, BHIBHRYTENS & AHHOM oenenonain. Molt ochosrioli Tes1te cocront » TOM, *1ro nocteoneTeKaa Poc- cus, Kak, BnpoueN, m nesbtit pea ApyTHX crpar, oeTaTa ReTOpHTO HHCTPYMCHTOM AOCTIOKEENE OnpeseneMMBX TOmMMHMeCKUX MeN, B TOM wniere HB ecepe MexayHapomuENs OTHOUTeMET, OzHaKO HacTOpo- axermioe oTHoMIeHKE PoccHst K sHOGoit rrommTHKECKO'K dbaTOCOgMH, C& HORETAMHe OTORTECTBATH CeOA ¢ KaKOMi-THOO EIKO cthopmymIEpOBAR- Holl wieomOrHuecKolt nOsHUIell, a TaIGKE yOpHOe cTpeMmERHE 1Ge- TaTh OCMBICNEHHDIX HNCOTOFHMECKHX TCOATOR SACTARNKIT €€ NeTATE BuIGop B Mossy cBoeoSpasHol meTopHYeckKoft somTHKH, KOTOPAR onuintaetea nbicoKoii creneHbio aMGuBaLteHTHOCTH, Poceua: [pouioe Hactosmee Tlosurann, Kax npasict0, 8 ocHoMont senaral Hacrostmam. Hoo BuoaHe ectecrseuio. B Kone KOHMOD, HMETHO 8 PaMKax HacToRMIETO ‘cOcpesOTONHA HX HAHGoTee 2kHEHHO BHKKIE HTEpECKL: OGecrIe~ Nene GesonacHoctH H coxciicraite sambuciiniemy mpormeTaMMo Tex oGuleers, npecrannrensns KoTOpANX OHM sienaOTes. Tem He Merce 93 GommiumnctBo ToAMTUKOB He sa6siBaIOT 0 TOM, HACKOMKO BAKO MpH- Jat CBOEMY HAORAIBHOMY MpOULIOMY NonoxuTENbEYTO HErTeprpe- ‘TAINO, PASHO Kak WO TOM, HACKOTRKO TOHKO HaLIOHATMHOe MpOuLIOe suauMocamaHo c HacTosuum. B stom ewnice poccalicKHe OAMTEKL He apimiorex neKmoUernem, He Kto HHH, KaK cpa) AmeKcaHAP (box Berneinop eme 5 1830 r. aan eanaryio dpopMyny HawoHabHOrO npoumoro, Kactosmlero HW GyxyuIero, KAKI ero XOTeNH Gil BAETE nonmTne:. «TIpomesmee Pocem Gri10 YAMBHTENSHO, ee HacTORLIee — Gosiee Hem BeAHKONIEMHO, HTO Ke Kacactes ce BYNYEIETO— TO OHO EBI- le Beero, WTO MOxKeT Hapconath ceGe CaMOe eMestoe ROOGpARKe- Hue», — sans rasa cexperHolt Tlonnivan pH Hurkostae T. [O Ber Kewyopibe m ero seaTeBHOcTH cm.: Monas, 1961.] Moxio cKasare, ‘ero TOMHTUKH O3AGONeHEL MPOMUISIM HACTOTKKO, HACKOITEKO 970 15pO- 10g, MAH, TOWNE, EFO PeMIpeeHTALKA, MOBRONIKeT pACIMAPHTS HX BosMORHOCTH B HOCTIDKENHN MpecnesIYeMMX HME tkeell BO REYTpeH- eli H BReMHel HomMTaKe, B9ToM cMBIeTe, HeTOpHHeCKMe HapparHasL mpexcraanaior cOGoH OnMH Ha TEX MHOTONHIEENHBIX HHICTPYMEHTOR, KOTOPHIe MOMHTHKH HCTOMESYIOT :LIx LOCTIDRCHHA CBOM LETH. Onvaxo ntoHuManne OTHOCHTeTBHOH RaxHOCTH pans ‘epexcrs, saneiicTeonaHHEI B MIpoMecce TOCTIMKEHHA NOLMTHMECKAX Heneii, co BpeMeneM MeHserca, B nocmemTee BpeNs OMENS axcTBAO ‘oGcyaiaetes HoNpOC 0 TOM, HTO 8 CORPENEHHOM Mipe TakHe HeMare- puanbAtre eHOMCHBI, KAK HCTOPAVECKAN NAMATD, NpABCTREHUBIH Kar ura, (CHMBOMUYECKAs CHER), HerHTAMKOCTS WT, HpHoGpemt Ta koe xe (Hain staxe Govlee BipkHOe) 3HaveHHe, Kak M TpaAutwonHie Teononmruseckie (aKTopis: TeppHropi, NoeHIHA Mott, SKONOMITIE- ckax cwwta uni lenorpapasecktit toTeman [Caorap, 2010]. TaKoit HI 1, TO HeNanORAXKHO, panctpeHMbi xanutanow (Nye, 2004]. Mocnenutti axxywyanpyeres Ha TIPOTRKCHAN HETOPHN B MpoHtecce HALIMOMATEHOrO CROCTION ANAK © Mpouox»» H Moxer UMeTs joHfeTneEHyt TpHpoay. Hexoropste vapozit oBpamaiorea K MaMsTIt 0 CBOEM TePOHYECKOM OPOULION, KO- Topoe HOMOTacT HM TIPENONKOCHTE CeGx B KaYeCTHE MepROMpOXOANER ‘uenoueeckoro Mporpecca, Hoctireneli «pceoSimx neHHoCTeHi», OoBO~ Gonnrenci YrHerenux v SopuoR MpoTHE «MUpoRoro sla». jIpyrHe 4 Hapoms ctpematcs © HanGombinelH sronol neHomsoRaT® Chott TMIEDK COKepTBLD>, akrHBHO MponaraHANPYR TeMy , — TH eT OM, ~ MOUTHTHKa NaNsTH sAIseTes TeM HepeKPECTKOM, P/E CTall- Kutgalorea NosuTaKa MleNTMHOeTHC H HosETHKa GesonacHocTs. Eom BuleHTHUHOCTS sBsIAeTeR RONpOCOM, CTHOCAMTHMES K cibepe GesorracKo~ TH, TO He HYYRHO YAWBIATHCR, YTO H TANT TAKE YACTO CTAHOBMTES ‘BOMPOCOM, OTHOCHHNEK K chepe GesoacHOcTH, HH HamepenHo nousepraetes “ceropsrrmsauent”, B roMOmMeRHe K KTACCHHECKHM. Bit eM Ge30NACHOCTHE BOSETHKAKOT HORBIC OMTOOTHYECKHC JUEMAL Gesonachoct: jocToRepHOETE “Hamtero” Happatiina YeyryGnser He AoctoxepHocrs “x” cTOpHN; OMIT CHHTAKOT HaIy MHTepMpeTaLIEO HcTOpHN BpaxKreSHO NO OTHOMIEHIHO K HIIM— ROT Oey OHH Gpo- caloTea — 8 paMiax “HOSHTHKA NaNATH” — B KORTpATAKY MpOTHD Hae [Malksoo, 2010]. Panyaectos, pocenfickue npassmme 2amst npeNpacno ocosHaoT SHaveHHe BuIOXHOBNAONIECO «HHaMTHO:AMEHOTO Mild» A KOHCOMA UAL oGmecrRa. OMEBHITHO, 470 OAM TaOKE SNS NpAKTIMECKYIO HOMEY aHep- Tunoli cacropaeckol nosnaTHKiD, HGo oa MOET BerTs SebipexTHBHELM OpyHeN w caoiintax rraMsETID c saTHIpHETAIM CocensMH. MOxHO, OMFAKO, SANETHTE, HTO B TOM, HTO Kacaerea MCTOPAH, TlOcTCORETEKAR PoccHy OKA~ such 2 gosdiRo sarpynireNbHON To7OKeRM, NGO pocciticKi 95 SAMTTaM Te XBATAET HALERKOTO «eTpoMTenBHOTO MarepHTANIaY ZAK CONIA us xBHecriocoGHOrO HaNNoKaNbHOTO MGA. Cymectayer HeckonbkO TpHHE oseRI/AHO anOHmanerTTHOrO or nomenna KpeMiua & HaiwonasHod ueropmit— m ToM sHcme 1H MIpHMe- HuesRHO K €€ HcHIONAORAHIO B poceHTicKolt MEXAYHapOAHOH HosLKe ‘axe, Bo-tepssix, YMOMSHYTOe BIH orcyrersne TomHTHMeCKOrO KonTHynTeta 8 PoccuH ocraBui B MacseCTRO temBtiE RAGOP BARK Ho nporusopewauex apyr apyry «nponvrsr, Bo-RTOpELX, pan BAK ioIx Bex B HoTOpMA PoccHH (KAK, Hanpuep, Martane Tomson Mocxsst 16127. wna tpaysanbstaa noGea Pocenn ax BeauKolt apmneli Hanoateona » 1812 r.), KoTopHle OMeHS Waco yroMuAioTeR KaK coBBTHUA, OGraRAIOULHe SHAWPITEsHBIM OTeHIMTAAION sn Cosa Hus SMOUMOHATEHO! oOupHOCTH kaface» ¢ TooynapeTsom H Haporoxs, OKIESHIBAIOTOR CTHMIKOM YAULIEMHBINA HO BpeMeHH, TOOK BAtuNATR ‘exonb-ImGyalb cywiecraeritiait pesonante m cepmax 1 ymax SonbIU cmpa HacesteHus cospenennoit Poccnm, B-rpersix, Hejasisst HETOpIEA Poccr— n ocofeHnoct coperckitti meprioa— npesicrasnser cobalt Hacromee MHUHOe TOWe, OcKONEKY He cymectryeT oGmeHALKo- HANBHOFO KOHceKeyca m OTHOUEHUM Toro, Kak METepnperAponsrh Sonumyio YacTH KnioxensIx COBSITH, HaMiNtaa © TparcmAH PenomnoTN 1917 r, W saKamunsas dapeow anrycroncKoro mytaa 1991 r. Hpaicru- MeCKH HCE MPoHeKONHHIE’ # PANKAX CORETCKOMK STOXH~ PAMICAX, 8a- AAMGDX OTHNGT NaTAME,— sBACTCA MpeAMeTOM wKapKIX crIOpOB Tt oxectoHeHHolt wieonorHueexoti GopLOw. «CraTO JH LTH HAC STO Me- ‘TopHel, Kak m cra nM WcTOpHell Bech XX Rex © ero TpeMa PeHomHO- uAME B HAMATE H OSNOH B KGEMIe?» — sanaer nonpoc om m pocerti- cxinx nocnemomarenell «OsMosHasHo, HeP>, — yTaepxaTaeT On. «TO cHX op BoKpyr THX COGEITM KANAT CEPACTH, OTHOMIEHIE K HEIN B Sita unreabHoit epe onpeaenaer ceroxmatntor nosIHTETieckyIO 7HIHDY [Mbnkie, 2011]. Euerseniesie uckmosenien Moxer Gprrs Bene kaa Oreycctmenias nofina, noGeny B KoTopoli Gombunatcrao poceita pacemarpiparor Kak camoe RaxHoe cobuTHe XX. Ht KOTOPAA TAKMM OGpwBOM MOxET eAyAUTE KOCHOROTONATAIOMTIIM MHGON coBpeMeH- Holi Pocestt, (B 70 axe epenta «atu Benuxol [oensp» Tavoke smixer- ‘es p HeKoTopoli cremenH npoSnemariumbiM, 100 Boctienanne reporaMa coxercxore naposta xone Bropolt muponoti wotlk HeHsGe%HO Bile- NeT 3a COBO NeOOKOAMMOCTS ONeHKH cramnEIMa H MocTeDOeTTOy mommy Coserckoro Cotosa » ortontenut: crpax Boctowolt Les ‘rpansrioii Enpomms, fl neprych K 9TOMy RoMIpoey HH0Ke.) Haxoret~ 970, Toxamyli, camoe paxaioe— awSmmanerrioe oTMomteHHe“epeWuteuckoro pykonogcTRA K HeTOPAK KOPEHHTE 8 TIpM- 96 pone cospemennoit poceniickoit nommrimecKoH cactemsr. Kax orwe- Nai0T HanGomIee MPORHUATENKHNE AHATHTHKH, aBTOPUTAPHEIA PEXHM, aocturumit craqat spetootit 8 roar npaniena Baraimapa Tyra, ‘ynorbyer ce6a rranbaree aexnarTHo B atwocepe ayeMbicreHHOcTH i neonpenenentoctx [Greene, Lipman, Ryabov, 2010, p. 6). Jleno 8 ‘Tom, To pasnast Conerexoro Corosa # poxctenne «ronal Poccam ne COnponoRANTHeS ROSHHKHOREHHEM HOBO, HocTeOBETCKO! HTeoTOTLT WM BOOGIE CKOL-HHGY Te HeNBHO! cHCTEMBE HeMHOCTet, pasmense- oii Goamnmmersom poccnan. B neficraHTembHOcTH' MpOHsOUITO HEHTO pao MporHBoronoxioe: Kak YOemETEMBHO ReMOHCTpUPyIOT DeAy- ue poceulickne CoMMOsIOTH, MOK OT «nepexomHOrD NepHO}D H «ne- anKoit menpeccutr 90-x xanpow MomopEat conan Gasy sna TOAHTHKH, ABIDRHMOM HReONOTUNeCKENG NPHEIGITAMG, 1 TipespaTtut Poceiio 8 atoMusuponantioe oSulectRo, wcxryntee nonyaTi nepe- AUIMKY MooTe TecATANETHR MOAUTHHECKOTO KK SKOHOMHYEEKOO XACCA WToTOROE NpURATS Ty acTIeKTY MENKr WapOHENK OTHOMIEHHA K nonsmmanm poceniicxoro camonocnpustast B WaySunmx H ananuTETecKHX Kpyrax Her HecKoraeMtti crop 0 TOM, TO sRILMeTCS TRABHEIM JBHTATeTeN poceHicKol BMeMIel T1O- SINTER, Kak ofa CBRsaHa ¢ MpOOIeMOlt HauMOHATHSMA H KAKOBA POS RAeoMOrHecKHX CbakTOPO B oNpeAeTeKHH BHeMMETOMETIIeCKOTO oseneus Poceuu. Ha mporspkeii MHorHX ster Re AHAMeTpamHO TPOTMROTIOTORNBIE MUKA MBC CTaNKUBMOTCA AGaM B OBCY>K- eHUK STOH npoGneMss. Fipeeransresn sAGepansHolt HKONEI YKANEI- zaiOr Ha Kpalitnon naxHOCTs FocrosleTRYIOMeH NOHTHIeCKO! (pHLIO- corbin Pocen Bo ace neproast ce eymecreonanus — Gyn To pyccxnil Tpapocnasunili penurHosKiNH MeCeHARESN H AHTHRAMAsMTIeCTBO, RITE TOpHIENHBO-SAHOCABOE MAPOBHTEHME COBETCKHX KOMMYHACTOR, rpest- CTABAADINNK ceGH ATeHTAMH (OKENEHULX 3AKOHOB HETOPHHLY HE «MO- THCTBUNAKAMA KARLTAMINSMKa, MOE 2Ke OXPAKMTENTBHAA JOKTPHHHA “eyBe- eH JeOKDATHNED, axtenTst KOTOPOH c HeromoBAHHEM BApAIOT Ha nommy CIA a EC, arpeccnsio Hacenaiouns «anamiyro Mo- eth» 10 HEM py. B cpoto ovepenb, «pearHcrse 8 mpoTionec «mnBepaan yr Bepaaior, "70 Poccua npaxtHveck Acer, B TOM UHC H Ha MpoTs- 2KCHIH NOCHENMHX 12 eT, BRICTYTANIA & MEKYHAPONAM OTHOMEHHSX kak mparmatirmmtit axvop. Ee nlonenenne » sHaxnrensHol creed OMpeneMATOCs coobpaKcHMAMH GexOMACHOCTH HH MaTepHANbETIME nnrepecann, Peantcrst HacrarmaloT ta TOM, STO poccHiicKar MEKIY- maponmtag MOABTAKA HaNpaBsLRAACh TEM, ¥TO OBKIEO HasbiBAeTeR ra son d'erat (rocysapcTseHuKiM HETepeCOM), OWTH He LICTBITEIBATA UBM WCOOTAN H HatHONATHCTITIECKH HacTpoeNHi, MocrestHe HepenKo METIOTEIOBANHe Ans DOCTIDKENHS ONPERECHIGIX NOAMTHMC- CKHX Hes, HO EBA NHL SBIALINCE HCTHAERIMG MOTHRAMEE HORE LEH Poccnn. B crpenseHna npamupirs Be STH pasMHNEIX TOsKoma, ‘TpeTRe HANPAwEHHE — Tak HaWhIRAEMHIe CKOHCTPYKTMBACTRD — Nper AAFACT He PACCMATHBATS BHYTPEHEME HM BREMINHE PaKTOPHL KaK Mpo~ “TamOCTOAIIMe APY? APYTY, a BOCMPHHUMATE HX KAK CTHLAIEKTINECKHE H cyGeekrnso onocpenonaMmBre B KORE MoNHTHHECKOTA MIporteccar. 98 B canom gene, crpamnmsaior KoNeTPYKTHBHETH, “To me eMfeTpHTEZTS- No oaliawaet noHsTHE KHanHOATBEBIE HETepEcKD>? HocmemnKe, Gyay- "IH MPoeTIApORAHEE ROBHE, ppeHuieckol GopMy.toil gowoctwoKenue eGmuxeris c Sango mpi coxpanenun moras OF Sanaaay. Konewas wes pocomiickolt seme nomrrnica aakmovaer- o# 8 oGecnevenim yeroprit Jina COXpaHeHHA H NpoTOHTaILAH HEI ero NOIITHYECKOTO H 3KOHOMMNECKOTO PEAUMA, a TAOKE B OGecrTe- NeHRH €To JerTAMaaA CO CTOpORDT MeRYHApOAHOTO coobwecTBA, Jas joctioxenus stoHi Hem TomMTHeckHe SaHTEK TEITaIOTeS paspe- WETS TpHEMAYIO sanany: 1) oGecHeNHTE MaKoMMamBHYFO ZoATOBES= octs astoprrapuoro npapnenna st SropoKpaniteckoro KaNHTATINNA DnonysuTs MpHaKarME Roel CHCTENBL Kak SAKORHOH 1 ripanomep- olf; 3) usrerpuponars poceMlickyio SKOMOMHKY B MHDOBY#O CHCTENY, ORHOBpeMeHNO OTPARNAR Coro BRYTpEHHOIO MOMTHBY OT MAryGHEK winantit ieeHe [Torbakov, 2011]. Mersin cxronan, pocenticxne MpaBaMde snHTM XOTAT jOGHTECR cBOCOBpasHOr CONETAHKR He- uitrerpanun Pocomit Kak TaKOBOH ¢ 3amajfOM H omHOBpEMeHHO oeytte- CTHHTH HexYIO COBCrReMHyIO KRatsuanTer parti Crouir ormenirs, oxtiaxo, 870 Tpit Beex panroBopax 06 KacoGoM yr Pocerin’n mposanmomteties spent oF BpeMenH arrrusanamHol 99) PHTOpHKe nyTanicKan Pocens, OXOKE, He B CoCTOREIEH c*bopmy:THpO- [RATE YETKYIO ATTEPHATHBY 3aNATHOMY HOpMATHBHOMY MOpay. psu upuMepos «HopwaTHenoi cnaGoctim PoccHm ARIAETCA «MHOHNEHCKAS peu» Baaznvapa Fyrana p 2007 r. B eli poceuiiexutt mintep -xeeTko XPMTHKOBAN CYIMECTRYIOMY!O MEXKIYHAPONHYIO cHCTeMy, R KOTOpOIE aosturnpyror Coosmitenmsic [lhrarn, no Me eMor npeanoxurrs atsrep- HATIEBHY!O MopMaTHEHYIO Mozenb. SlaHad HemOcmeoBaTEMEHOCTE B Toweaenmit Poccnn cpasy ake Ghia OTMeNeHa psIOM ReNyUUAX HeOTOTOR pexKNMa, KoTOpile TYT Ke ETA CeTORATH 0 HloBOAY HectIocoSHOCTH ‘Mocketr npesterabHts eB0M COBCTBEHEBIE HOpMEI, OTTETHIG OF TEX, Koropkie rocnoueraytor wa Samaute. «Imo ne Goer asbax yennocmett m0 We Beer A30iK MOREL CmaHOGpMOGr, ~ yTBEpHNAT GHBMIAE BENY- pti roaurrmuecknit coseTHHk Kpeuia P'1e6 Tannoncxnit. «Jloxtpa Haabia c1a6ocrs Mionxcrcnoit pest ~ He & pasluKasiKaMe ee prATOpHKH, 2.8 HenpopaBorke craimiapTos MOMTAKH Jia HonOrO, TOCTaMepAKAH- cxoro witpa» (xypers T. Hlasiosexoro. — JET.) [Tannonexuii, 2010} Hace 2xe, xeno ne 8 Tox, To MpanamHl pocenticumlt pean He MOXET 1H He TKETAET OIBYTHTD HOBIE EHEOCTH H cTaHAprEn>. Tipencrawntercs, 470 3ror pexuMm wyscrayer ceGs wawGonee KoM- Gopmo B armocibepe naciinoii pasmerroctH # HeonpeaemenoeTH. To onpeyenennIo oor HW AATHTAKOR, TAK HasbmBaeMad TiyTHHCKaR Cnorema xapaxteprayercs: «ackmowrtesmiim GexpaamiMem K co AepxanO HxeonorHecKEX MaKoHW [Prozorov, 2009, p. 205]. Tlo eyllectny, wat HIMEeM eNO ¢ PEXUMOM, Mle BACT papier BO HM coxpaventix wiacru. Hisimy crosani, Hpinientnt! noaTaseckiit PexIDK MoxeT GuITE Onpenerien KaK HTOCOEKH TEKYYas H KOMEN bas xpamoxpamtus, KoTOpoit upesasiualio TpYAHO MpoTHBOCTOSTS, Go Ova crapatem.Ho ws6eracr MpHHATHA YETKOT MOSHI H FOTORA Hagebant Ha ceGa mO6we (B TOM HHETe KBADHTIEMOKPATINHECKHE) MACKIE 1 SQHNCHMOCTH OT TOFD, KAKAA WS HUX Gyjler HaHGosee CooTRETCTRO- aT TekyuleMy MOMeRTY, OjuaKo » poccitiicxom oOmecTReHHOM comaHHH ects OnE neoxtwiit aciext, KoTOpAtH nelicrayer KAK CHOETO Poa HMeOTOTHNE- ‘ckutli cypporar, ~ 270 tacToiivipoe crpenttenre Poccust OGpecrH Mex AyHapOAHO MpistantaEtH cTaTye «BENHKOH AepaaREDr. TO cTpeMme- Fife TPHUAIO paaMepsr «HONTH 410 HanHONaTDHOT MHCCHPDY — YE HE TTOLBKO poccuiteKHe 2mKTEL, HO HH MIMPOXHe MACCM HaceneHs CTT KIRK paceMaTpHBATS «CAMO TOcymApeTBO SNOUHONATEHO, MpEr- rapid cro B KBasiManKONanieTHHecKI H, Gostee TOrA, AYKORHAIX ‘Tepmnsax» (Mareh, 2011, p. 191]. 100 Pasymcerea, o2H0 fleno— ROCKPHHHMATE CeO Kak BesMEKyIO sepyany, HconceMt apyroe — Ourrs npranianitol p KaecrBe TaKOBOM! Ha MOKIYHAOAKOM yposke. TeopeTHKH MexIIYHApONHEN OTKOUIEKHIT Sommumaterae choeM COTMACHBE c TeM, HTO CTaTYC BEsMKOH LepAABEL Comparer © Thema GasHeHBiNi KpHTepHsM. TocynaperBo sromcxHO GsiTh gemuxu B TeoroMMTUecKOM eMIcne, YTO OBKaNaeT HasHEHE npenocxosanret noerHoft MoLUH H 9KOHOMEYECKOH CHLIBI. OHO MOIDKHO OTmeNATE TpeSORAKMAN OOMENPIBHAHHEN HOPM KaK ¢ MEKAYHApO!- RoIx OTHOUICHIAX, mar w Ro BHYTPeHHEH sOMICTHKE. HI, HaKOHEL, OHO FommRHO OG7AAT MexAyHApOAIEBIM npecTIDKEN, KOTOpSIIL cosmACTeR 1a OcHOBAHME HMCIOINerOCs y Hero HpascrseHHOrO KamAraa WcrAN- Boanyeckoii cistsm [Neumann, 2008; Neumann, 2005; Adomeit, 1995] Bo BpeMa Kak moctconeTeKas PoccHs, HecoMFeHAO, oTReMaeT nep- ROMY KpHTepico, GyAYSH slefiermremNo «ones nesaKoy> crpanoit 11o CPapHienMo CO NGFOTHDMHE IPYTHN B CNBIGHTE HMEIOMUIESCA Y Hee pe- cypoos, ora MOcTOmEHO YnYcKaeT BOSMOKHOCTS Obpectit umpOKoe MexkuyhaposHoe npusKaNe in—a cnaGocrH cpoelt coMMAIKHOIL A cunpommiecnoit ci, TipHivoas 80 BEMMAITE TOT (hakT, TO «Mek AYMApOAHOE ANOPH, KOTOPoe MpHeyKaet stor EMANATE CTATyC, ‘cocrour uss wenyinirx erpan Banayie, MOCTORHHSIE MpORALTS! MOMBITOK Poccnr nosysiirs mpHsHasHe B kaYeCTRE BETHKOHL AepCADEL, HAXOMA- ‘melion Ha pasabix © BeATYIMIAMH santantikivn MapruepaMn, He NOCyT HE BUISbIBATS Y Hee SYBCTBA rAyGOKOCO PAOMAPORARHS H_PAvApHAHMAL Kax empaneam#o otmeriut Jbxetinc Ilepp, «ypetso o6vix6i, 8 ocHone KoTOpOTO EKUT OMTYUIERHe YrupKeNHE CO crOpoHs! Zaman... cTAHO- BuTCR ONMHM #3 OCROBOTOTArAOULIX akTOPOR NOmMATHKG....dpaKTO- POM He Meriee elicTDERMBIM, eM TOF, KOTOPEIM GuuTa n CAE BpeMs conenekas uneouoruso» [Sherr, 2009, p. 205]. Moaato cxasars, To HcTopirieckax HOmHTHKa aBMXeTes sATI OMNI Ha _MECTpyMeHTOB, KOTOPEIH KpeMuTEcKOe pykONONCTBO He~ owBsyer jk18 MIporBocToRMUA TOMy, ¥TO OHO paccMaTpUBAeT KAK Honbirkn 3anaa nlogopsars Wie cHHTS MeXIyHapomeBitl crarye Pocen, Tockonbxy «icteneTHHKn Poccuin> nkmonaior p cpoii apeertat pacnpoctpanenite cmparxteGHsN KcropHETECKHX HapparHao®, MockBa SOWKHA OBIT TOTOBA BBLIBIHYT KOHTpaprywetrts! BpaNkax cBoeti coGerseHnoH «rommnaKH nawsTi>, 101 Homenenne aanamadra narra 8 Bocroutoti Eppone 1 eF0 BAMSIHME HA MEXMYHAPOAHY1O NOMTHKY Texroumveckne capri 8 enponelickoi reotomnrrake, pErsnant- ble KPYMIEHHEM KOMMY:HaNA Ht paskarion CowercKoro Co1o%a,— npe~ -agke Beer pacumpere Esponctickoro cose 8 BOCTO'HOM HamIpasiie~ nut H conyTeTayiomIee eMy HBMeHeRHe Tos Poccrt B Export — PHBENK K HEEBGERHEIM TepemeHaM Ha Kapre naHlmadjra enponelt- ‘cxoi! naam, Pacrtan Bocroworo 60Ka, ovenmmenmre Tepatarvan 1 nocteayromee pacumpene EC neoGparrmo nogopeana «rcToprse- cKHH KoHCeHeyo B oTHOWIeHHN OKEKKH Bropoit MMpOBOi wofitb) noctesoenHof onoxn, Stor KoKicoHeye mpocymectsonan n Enpone (akmowea CCCP) xa mporwxenmt# acero 40-nerkero Tepnona mocze- BoeHHOl «cTaGuAEHOCTH, Gysy4n epOErO Poa MOGOUAM MpOAYKTOM «, 1 anleNsIOT Kak MEHHIMYM HeTHIpe OCHOBHBIX apeaTa B pankax aToro oGtimpKoro H MmOrOOKpasHoro HeTOpHecKOro perHiOora Kaacempukauna oti apeasion nponoautes p cooTpereTBHK ¢ TEM, KaK onemsine“hocroNHOeApontelickHe CTpaHthl OTHOCHTCS K CROEMY KON 102, MyHuctuseckomy mpoutaomy [Schmale, 2008; Troebst, 2005]. Haxo- HEL, ECTS elle W Te, KTO YrBEPRART, WTO y KAKIOTO OTEMBHOTO eB poneficKoro Hapona ecré rox namst» 0 Bropolt muponoit novine a ocstewoettiom repose [Krzeminski, 2005]. Kax sameriin Knaye Jler- enw, «enn w Emporte Xe ECTs (RUTH elle TONSKO pasBHBaeTes) KON TEKTHSHAA NAMTB, TO OHA HACTOTEKO IKE PACING, HACKO:TBKO OT:TH= ualores pyr oT Apyra epponefiekne Hapousl KM HX KYSIBTYpLID [Leggewie, 2010] C yacroar exe xanuoii paSorm oven paxktio orMeritr® Tor ‘ast, 10 Mockwa pocnpammmaer MoMstTKH HeKOTOpSIx HODES "EHO FC cxoppextuporars «wHemonuteckyio Kapry Eapoinnb) kak expe ewe HocTABHTTS MOA COMHEHHE caMOOMTYTHEHMe, NPECTHA K. MEXCTY= HapomMstit erarye Poccu. Hacrasnaa aa ToM, fo «iuaMers BocTow oH Eapont o Bropoti mupokoli noiine n Gossuuelt crerteyst nce ewe ocraeres les liewx d’oubli, ewenn les liew: de memoire' » o6wen kouTexcre oanirasHo MpHEHaHHOll KONTEKTEBEO! naxcETH Ewpomb o Bolin» [Milksoo, 2009, p. 654], nexoTopste nocrostnte eBponetitts, B ‘ocoSentoctH pHOaMTRt H MOMAKH, YCREPKAGIOT, HTO B CErORHAIMHEM Fnponetickom cotoue «Inirerpawus paaiHuHthix RocpaarHit w wserep- iperauit Mcropum cyiiecTscHmO OTeTaeT OT TeMMOB HHCTHTYKIMO- watbtioit werrerpantan [Mélks00, 2010] Conepiuewtio ovenHIHO, OuMAKO, HIO 3TOT BONpCE Ne smseTes sero weropaorpaduseckoi mpoSemoil. [oGopHuKit HOBOrO HCTOPH- Neckoro KonceHeyea m Enpore aionie ocouialor, fo HeToprmieckie Napparwshi M1 KOIUICKTHBHAN AMT TAICKE ARIIAIOTEA «ACTOUHHKOM CILLIY, H, BeseACTBMe 9TOTO, OHM H ACTKTOB CLuOBBIX OTHOME- Hull, «Bor nowemy noiist maNsirn, Beayueest co TloBOAY aHaveHnEt KOMMYHKCTHYECKOTO RacHERHA, OHOBPEMENTO aBAAOTEH Gopsboit BOKYT HCTOMHHKA cHnomiecKOy CHLTBI M 3a Mpago ONpeeNtT rpa- MU eaHHOrO coOSmecTRA KoneKTUBHOM nansrH B Enpone> [Malk- 800, 2010]. Kak ormerin 6 npyroii cnoeit crarhe Ha CXoyK) TeMy, «Goubuiad Yacr. nocTouMoeRporefickitx FOCYAAPCTD ceTojtHt eMoTpsT Ha nolinty # nocmenoemTHEtit nepilog, Kak Ha usable past, ~ conepmtesto neoGxommall MArpeANeHT st YouMIEHNA Ix cOOCTEEHHOM waeHTIS- HOCTH, NONYANCTEKOH NOMEpAKM MeCTHONO KaqHOHATHSMa, 9KCTe- PHOpHaNAH CROETO KOMMYHUCHHMECKONO MpOULTOTO ¥ MpeeTAB-TeLR ‘Szece oStmpunzetea sarnanie usnecraoro spyaa Thepa Flopa: «aera sa ‘ewe nporiongeTannoten«aecTem nani, 103 caoero Hapowa » oGpase HecHacTHOM EpTBDT ABYX KPovomaTTEN ‘roraimerapserx suakratyp» [Torbakov, 2011, p. 215] Tlo tepe Toro Kak socTowHoceporiiickMe Crpattst mporamknna- Jor WeIo © BKMONeHAH HX KATAeTpoIpUIecKOHI RoeHHOIT W TlOcTeROeH- Holt neropi & emumabil (aH) eaponteHckalt HcropHyecKAi Kappan, Cepweasioll arake Tloxmepraiorea 8a OGHOBHBIX CTOWIT, Ha KOTOPEES GsLI0 BosAAMTHYTO nce BEMHIeCTPENHOS SAAHe MpemMecTByroMeTo HcTOpHHeckorO KoHceHCyea, Pets HET 06 OCOGEHHO BHKHBIX J Poccun Tesneax: rpryndamnoit nobene amrarhanmetenx enn 1a, HaIWeTCKHM asioM 4 OcROGoxIeHHM Boctounoti Eepomma Kpactolt apwueit, Hosaa ake wiTepnperaiii® nposomer sHaK paneHcrsa MERITY naunctexoti Tepmanneli m Conererim Cotsom Ht orpataer npano couereKoro Hapoza carats ceés «oceoGoauTeTe EBpomep>, 10- CKONSKY paccMarpumaer nocHeHoeHHyIo HomETHKY CoxereKora Corsa 8 Bocrounoit Expone Kak oxxyranmromte ze¥icTena. Crour etme pas HORWepKHYTe: BCE ITO HE NpOCTO aKAIEMHMECKAS MOsIENMLKA. MHOTE BoctoMHoeEportelicKie crpartst HeTIOADSyIOT HOBYIO HCTOpHYECKyTO abITepnperaiimo 18 onpannanmg neTOTO para MpennpHKRMAEMDIX ‘MME NOMMTHAECKICX NaTOR, ITO KAK pas H SBLILETEA TIpeKpACHBIM TIpHE Mepom HcTopHYecko!! nommTuKH. Kex otMevaeT Mankeo, «noctosmo- euponelickne xenyrans: Exponeficxoro napramewta cunranm ceoeli TromTMaeckoil muccHeli BsipaGoTKy pamouHoro AOKYMeHTA, B KOTOPON. pectynleHs KoMayHSNa Ox. Oot MpHpanneNnt K TpecryruteMAN nauenta, Vt Yeumun yeeNMarHch MPHHATREM COOTRETETRYIONIEX pe- somouni Baponaprastenron. # paia womuruectix exapaunit Tap: JlamenTeKolt accaMneelt Conera Eapomsi 1 OBCE. Bapomteiiexar Komuccus oprannsonana eaynmasns Ha tevy “Tipecryntenus, conep- mennbe ToTaMTapHENH pexAMaMn”. B usremHOl meperiexmane 9TH CAYWAHS AODKHE GLI CTavs KOURPETHEIN. HECTHTYMORAT- sane woterpymertrom esis [Mailksoo, 2010] Kax Gystro eriewwatsHo, 4toGB MOIMEPKEYTS MOMIITHICCKOE 1+ Mepenite paspasBulNes: Kbne Roiist aMTH, RocTONABIe epponeliTst BHONKE OTKPOREHHO SaHRIROT, TO CTH jIEGATK BEAYTER KOT omaiores om wmenu Espones 1, KoHesmo Ke, 60 wax Eaponts ~ 6 KO~ HeuHOll uensio cxeraTh cBoii [HaLOHanHBT] KeTOpHEecKKIT Happa- ‘tum “Goxree enponeticxun”. Boe 310 rawke TIpeKpacho cnyactt 1x nogepkupanies coGcTBenHoft enponeiieKocri p yiep6 enporieitcKocTs ‘ounionenran (kypena M. Manco, — HZT.) [Malksoo, 2010] Hiqeuwo Tak nommeaior stor sonpoc pocciicKne mpansmne saris, C-ToWKH spent Mocknis, Bo ncex criopax st Mpermparerber- ax, KoTopife nenyTes c OoinilHMEt caTemTATaNH Hs BocTOMHOrO 610K 104 ObinMIHMEL coneTCKHNM pecttyGnuKaMsE 10 NoRORy HCTOpMHECKHX HappatHpon, Wa KOHY CTOUT He TO HHOe, Kak BoMpOe o craTyce Poc- ‘CHM Kak Gnermo stor apryMent mnxeroa HeHTpaNEHAIM B HeZaBrelt paboTe ‘Tunorn Cuaiizepa «Seana, sauersie xpopsion (Snyder, 2010), noay- ‘pul! Kpaliite xeaieGusie orauimk)) — aarymarumaer TOF He TOILE xan coMMeHHIO Gaxt, STO B KOHEXHOM CHETE MMEHHO HaMCTOKAR Tepuanus, a ue Coserexiati Coro, Hece? oTseTeTBeHHOCTS 3a pasBs36 nanine Bropolt wmponoit noi, w nocaenytomyio KpoRaayio GoitsHo. Kpirmisit raroke yrnepikaaior, 20 Cxailaep u apyrve yaetite, paane- AGIOUIME €FO TOUKY SpeHHs, HEBOTEHO TOMOTALOT KpaliHe MpaBsIM MO- nueranant 18s ctpart Basrvifexaro perwoua (aTaOKE HeKOTOPEX APYTHX oBsrx pocrosHocapontelicxanx suiewon EC) npowosuts en010 «aroropH- Neckylo TOIUTTHKY>, TlonorpeRaeMylo aH THpYCCKHAMH HacTpoeHAML Ht 2xexaHMeN ONpaRAATE NAUHETEKHX KomIAGOPAUMOHMCTOR KYIACTIN xon Xonoxoota » euoux erpanax {Zuroff, 2010; Katz, 2010]. Hemeu- suit uctopux Fiuare [Lusre, 2006] ocodenio auimenser erpenctesme rennextyanon 3 Boctooti Eeponkt Konctpynponath Tax. Haan aenble “HaNOHUTEHEIE XoOKOETHM, HO, TAKHM OGPAIOM, jueT UNL BOIMOAHOCTH NpHAaT cROeMy HaporY Erarye >epTmA! H cooTRETCT- syloulee TOMY craryey cosslanue mopatsioro mpevocxoeraa. «C nosmipan store MopastsHoro npenoexoncrea, npectyTinesHt cBoero coGcrserors waposta onpasstamaioTEA KaK sANNITTHME Je¥fcrENHD, — naurer Huare 8 cratbe ¢ BEIPABHTEIbHEIM HaSBaHHeN «CopeBHoBaHHe xepra> (ory Opary on onanweraonan y Gumuero wintHerpa mHO- 107 ctparntonx xen Tozguntr Bramenana Bapromenckoro). «B stom eMtnio~ ne, — nponomkaer Hunre,— Haunonambuse cTepeoTHnet cnyxan Js ‘Toro, 700s! JlucTanumposare “cBoI0 coScTReNFIIO” HaLTHoHAmTBATytO HcTOpino OF “noxHOH?” coneTeKOit HeTOpHHE H TaKHN OGpaa0M “OH cTHte” “cuolt coGctREHHEI” Hapo OF ACETO TOFO, HTO siAIIZETEH CO- nerekuno [Lisre, 2006]. Hpamesareasito, so ake nenytmtit MeTOpAK Crondopxexoro yamsepenreta Hopman Halivapk, KoTOpstii 8 cBoeiE rocneniell KRTe CTapaeTes yGenUTh urTETesL# B TOM, ro Crass Gat cepnintia yOuiinelt apesnuriaiino 2ecTOKHM AMKTaTOpOM HAHXYA- mero cnoticrma, Tem He Meriee MpraHaer ommMOo"HocTs Tealica o paa- voli npectymmocra Cranna u Tirmiepa. Ja, no smenito Haiiwapsa, GayHKTOB, NO KOTOPLIM MOXHO cpasmaTh H HaxoRNTs OBuIMe Napa:l- seat Mexay Cramimeit W PHTiepoM, HauMaMOM i ETaNHEKEMoM, CHMUIKOM MHOTO, TOSI HX HrHOPHpORTHD. Teac He MeHee OH OTMEA- et, TO Mexry HauncTeKoH Tepwanneit m crammexnm CCCP ects cymectaensbie paxtnuns H ro XovoKoet, Ho Goslbluomy every, Gis «aye, YeM mIpecrynenma, concpmenmme Cranenson [Naimark, 2010; ev, razoxe peneitiio nia kentry Hafiapka: Hockenos, 2011]. He ak npocto aGcToa® jena H ¢ BONPOCOM 0 KCORETCKOH OKKY- awn Bocrowsott Exponen». Her conntetstii 8 Tox, To rapist Bs nose Tyt ~ Cranm, Ho m samammme epxasst He Sesynpeutis B Boctoxnioli Espone wa mporsxerin noxysexa «Sbrray sina wpa LIM CHMBOOM NpesIaTeNKETHA SAMATHDIX COIOSHHKOB, KOTOPEN HOC~ TpHHunwarin Kak mOCOGHAKOR cTANHHRCKOH 9KCTIAKCHA i, TO BBIpaKe- ino Munaua Kyniepti, npexexyioweit «rparesun [errpannoit Exponp» OnwoH 19 HeHTpaNbEENX Tew NEeMOMOTITHNECKOrO AMeKypCa B Tonsine 1 rocynaperbax [prGatrunn xsaactes KpTHKa CorosiIHKoD, coniacsuuixes © TpeGonaumancn cramcKoro CopeteKoro Caro2a late, n npieianme Mopathiolt orBereTseHHaCTH Sanaa 3a COmLAHKE 2xenesHoTO saHaBeca, sa KoTOpsim Bocrounas Exponta mposs6asta Ka NpowDxKeHHH Beelt «xoORHO! Bo‘THED [Malksoo, 2009, p. 662) 'Y pocrowinix esportelities W BrpaBity eer AOCTATONHO OCHORA- uti gaa nperensnti, B kone Konuon, Jbxor Kentter Pan6pettr, miico- xonocrauientitilt unnoBEHK Yrpasrenmr newavn CHA, KOTOpEIt B ‘shoe BPEMs, NOXOE, GENT CKIOHEH wAneTs B ConcteKom Corse Hex YeueKaTeNSHE coMManbitsi oKeepHMeHT, MpenTaran «ntospomHTS Pocou nornoris Tonsiny, Barkaxst 1 acio Bocrounyio Enpony ‘Tew, 4ToGb! pacnpocrpanaTs [5 THX permorax] npeKMyMceTRA KOM MyHusM@». Benoto osepens, Apsopmx Kenan, Gynysm conerimkom aMepnnanexoro nocosbcrHa # Mockne, & 4aCTHOl Gecene coneTORAN 108 Yapmay Boxeny, nepenomsnky Pysseabra Ht COBETHHKY No Bonpocant Copercxoro Corona 8 Slave, CoTkpuITO TogemHT Enpony wa edpepsr {BIAAHHA— Mat HE BMEMMBAENCA B nema pyccKoH cibepEl, a pyccKHe 8 ea namely. B KomesoM cueTe HMCHHO HpHHUETI TaK HasBIBAEMOIL Realpolitik, a ne gosebiuensste aseast cBoGOMEI, onpestensT4 KOHTY- poi niocsrenoemmol Export [iwr. ro: Hamby, 2010; om, rakxe: Harbutt, 2010; Plokhy, 2010}, Hexoropute yuentie 13 Boctounoli Expomtit ¢ roronnocteio co TramatoTex ¢ Tem, ATO HX TOTHTHWH AKTHBHO SKCKTyaTHpOBAMM JaNATHO- enportefickoe 4yBCTHO BME, NTOGBI CHemATE eROK eTpANBL OMTHO- TMpaRHKINH HIeHAMH enpo-arnaKTadecKHX HwcTaTyTOR. B pexysnrate, YTSCPANAIOT OMH, HECMOTPE Ka BCEBOIMOAHBIE KOHTpApryMeHTBL, molto pactunpeue EC H HATO wa Boctok «Otto wreonornuecKn odopruieHo kak Hosa HK HeTOpHsecKOH Hecupaner- JIMBOCTHE TO OTHOMIEHINO K BOCTOHOeBporelicKHM rocysapeTBAND [Malksoo, 2009, p. 662}. Tloxyan, Taxnxt o6pasoM, HekoTOpoe ytoRNeTHOPEHHE OF BE PAINTS saris CTOPOHHNKOD HeKABKETHOM «LrrTACKOl cHeTe~ MSD), AKTHBHCTSL GHCTOPHHECKOH NONATHKGD) 1 OMIRLIIN KONAYHI- creyecian crpan o6parnnt csoH xarnax wa Rocto [Fofanova, Morozov, 2009]. Oust erpensres sacrapitrs noeTeosereKyio Pocemo TIpHaHaTe CBOe “PEMHOe NpOMUIOS) H MpHHeCTH HaRMKEHAK 2a Mpecty- nuicHaz coneTeKoTO ToTAMHTapHOrO pexHMa. B 2009 r. yorrmaa saKoRonaTe7eH 13 BocrowHolt Espor! OK mpAHaTsI jloa MeAyHa- PONHEIX AOKYMeNTa, co,leprRAKHe KOTOPHIX He MOTO He AAAATE per koro neygonomscTaHa Mockasi. Pets met o pesomonm Esponapra- Menta RuIe~ Huo espontelickoro torannrapyaMa, Peakitax Mocksst Gnina HenBy- compronertio HerarneHoii. Poccuifcxne saxononarent, xpalixe nosy WeHHBIe TeM, WTO cTAETISM HanWOM GuAMIe TOeTansIeNBI Ha oZKTy aocky, Hasman pesomouwo OBCE «ockopSirensenim attrupoceis- ‘OkHM BEMTAION H KHacHAHEM Han HeTopnety [Taparyra, Boxo, 2009], He cayaaiino § wae 2009 r. npeanaent Poccust Jvurpuii Memmenen 109 SaaBHLT © cOBRAME tronoF! NpesHTEHTeKOl! KOMHCCHH, B sana KOTOpOK BXONET KOGOSUIEHME H aHATHS RIThopMANHH o GanbcudAKAMNE ueTO- phacoxnx daxros 1 coOnrai, nanpasnennoli Ka ywartemte MERAY Ha pomtioro npectinxa Poceifiexoit Penepansny» [O Kowuccust... 2009], PasipaxenHas peaKuix POCCHH SRICIACH HaTLSAHBIAC TIpOsiIe- nem xpaiinero ancKosthopra pocomicKsnx Sim1T 8 CDRSHT © ORASEIBAC MBIM Ha WAX qapneHHeM. Heystonomscrsue Mocks! TaioKe Bide ‘TeNCTAYET 0 TOM, HTO poccHilekas NOMHTHNeCKAS 3NHTa MpeKpacHo HONUMACT 3tiaHEMOCTS cBABH NexTY HeTOpHEH M BHeUTHEH NOATHTHKOF PyxoponcTRo CTpaHt paCeMATpHBAeT MAST H HCTOPHIO KAK BAAKKOE WeoNOTHMecKOE MH HOLTITTHYECKOe Mose GwTRM: KpHTHRGT PoceHK, KaK MOCTpaRHIMe, TAX H BIYTpeTTAHe, CTapaiores METEpNpeTApORATS NIpO- Muibre coderrAs TaKHM OGpasoM, “TOOK! HanecTHK ymtepS uervepecant Pocem, 1 nostomy HeoGxomHMO Kak Marko GkeTpee PeMHTEMBKO NOKOTUNTE ¢ TloROSHOTO pora spaxcreSusinH AeieTaHsMH. HeKoTOpMe RONONEBHIE STEHT MCTOPHMECKOM MONIITHKH YAE PeallIOBAHAS B Pocowm: kia usiatta cepa YeeORHKOB M10 HCTOPHH © ABHO BHIpOKEN- sini OMHOCTOPOMITHM TOCyAAPCTREHENIeCKM TONKOBARMEM HETOPHIL Poccun XX 8; 31H YueGHHKH HosTyMHUIH GNEAKCORY!O TO IEPAKY wuieorornueckoe on06penme pocentickms nepxon [Garee nompoGmetit anaaiys Happarimos 8 yeGHHKAX To poceHickolt ueropHH cM: Bent, 2010; Benn, 2008; Kaplan, 2009; Mlysnsra, 2009; Sherlock, 2007; @e- perr#, 2004; Bepexonirs, 2002]; Soimt cnenanst nominee yoraHonitT PEKIN KCTHHED, HeMOMAYR opraiski saKoHonaTeNSHOH eAactH; Gsumt cosnanni Gropoxparmucense opranisanyn w rtesIzx GopsGn TIpo- ‘Tue «anccndakann actopam [oGeyagene Mpobnenmr MeTOpITE- Cckoi omeriaKit n POCcHIE H B HEKOTOPEIX OMIRUHX KONMYEUICTECKHX otpaniax en. Muzutep, 2009; Masizep, 2008; [epox, 2012; Sherlock, 2011; Jlorsimton, 2009; History writing, 2010; Tpynnoe nacnemme npoumoro, 2009; Hetopuveckax nosatuxa, 2009; Writing national histories, 2009] Odmaatenas nosis Kpexcit 8 oxarom suite Gsua edpopwy- smmpowana Bragtawimpont Ty THHBIM Ha Berpeve ¢ yuacrHukaws Boepoc- ‘cicxoit xombepenmmn mperioanateneit ryMamnrrapitsn 1 obutecT- BeHBEIX Hayk 21 ons 2007 r, ConlepKaKe MyTHHCKOTO BBICTY NACH MOAHO OBECTH K AYN OCHOBHHIM HyHKTAN: 1. «CoGMTHS mportoro ocokiia OLrT MPERCTaDTeTEL TAK, NTOGE OWN TIRTATH HANHORATHHYIO " Beeeropoxn aname nonTOK MPH ¢MeKOpHANBERH SaKOH ® Pooet fou: Konacos, 2011] 110 opoctin. 2. «Mi HiKKOMY HE TOADOWIIM HABSBATE HaN SYBCTBO BAHEDY [Crenorpaduueckuii orser, 2007]'. B uenoM oruer o actpese Iytima © pocomiiciinn rysatorrapwassH ipesicramnser coGolk ymeKaTesIbHOe Tere, MOCKObKY Hepes HAMM NpexeTaCT aAMEANATe!MBHAA KapTIOHA HOMSITOK asIpaAGOTKH KoHeeHIeYca MeskAY MpARSIMMT KE MHETEsLTeXTy= ‘winenini 9uiTamiA poccHiicKoro OGuLecTRA — KApTHNa, & KOTOPOH TeC- HO MeperuleTeNbI OMONMOHATBHIC, HeTOpHMeckHe 1 nomTHYecKAe acnexret, YueHtie, KoTophle MpHHHMaTH yyacTHe RO RETpeHe, coCTO- xomelics » saropomsiolt pesiteruuan Tyra, norpaatan cnoe ritySoKoe YOoxene B noumeecxois ecktocr mpomnoro. To watparken%to oaHoro ws yeacrHHKOR, MpomLIOe— 3TO He MpocTO HaGop KYpKewIENK ADEBHHX. BEL 42 ANTUKBapHO!L sABKEE, a «COREPLICHHO aKryAItbHBAth MexaHiE, paGoTatoIlMl B crpykType conpemenoeriny. B KouMe KOH How, Ree GnpHHUREIENHIe PeleHHS ECT HeKAN TIPOEKIUEE Toro OGpaxa Mupa, KOTOpBIl! cymectBYeT B cOsRAHTH ripHHMMaKoMLero peutese HoGpas sroro mapa w sHiawTensoi crenenn hopMapyerca HcTOpA- eli, HeropuseckuM sHanHem. TIG0 RceM u2kecrHo, ro HCTOpAs— TO MpouLIad OMMTHKa, a nomTuKa — 97O HacTOsIAs Crop, Crowe sm ysumisrses, aro ysensie rocra Tyrista enuitosrymno corsia- crmich ¢ HHECTHOH oprestTORCKOH wakoHMOH: «KrO KoKTpompyer npounoe, Tor KoRTpomApyeT Hactommee 4 Syaymieer [Crenorpady Neckut orser... 2007) ‘Yuac taux BcTpestH Takoke BBIpEATUNK COFTACHE € TEM, TO HEKO- ‘Topiie HTepnperakit NpoULIOTO MoryT GuITs (H saYaeryi0 anssLOTe) sipekraniint aeicrpyMenTOM cpuioROH MOMTTHKH H pHisarants BAH HHA Ha HoaHiWdO ApyTHX Tocyhiapera. B xaxoli-ro MoMetr ORNH 1 {YueHRIx HoceToBa nto noRoay [CTeHo- spadurseckutt orser... 2007]. Bakmownrensioe natcTyntenme Myrimia Ha actpete © HeTOpH- KAM IIpuMesstresIsHO TEM, TO R HEM CONEPEKALCA OAKORPEMEHEO H Biisop 3angyy 1 TOMBITKa HOPMAIESORATS Ht PEsTETHBESHPOBATE MCTO- puro Poceiti ~ n ocoGenKocTit ee conercxuil nepuoa, «Hro ake Kacaer- © KAKHKX-TO NIPOGHENABX CIPAHMLL B Halle HCTOPHH— ja, OHM Ohl- 444, — cxcaaat Tyran, ~ Tax ont Geom B HeTopAK mOGoro rocyaapersa! Wy nac ux Gxir0 meme, 4eM y HeKoTOpHRX apyruTK. Hy Hac OHI He Sb TaKHIME YaxacHTENH, KAK Y HeKOTOPBIX sIpytHMK. Ila, ¥ Hac Obi ‘erpamie erpaumuts... Ho mn ApyTHX eTpaHax Gnino He MeHee, O- etpamtuee eme Ss1to», OnRHM caloROM, 370 GkLT ConeT KTeRETAMKAM Poceum ocrasir® ce OKOE M SAHMATKER CRONNH COOCTREHHBIN Aenant, «O ceGe myckaii noywarony, — siinanun Ilys B aaKsnowe- ae [Crenorpadprseckntt oraer... 2007]. Ha stom dhoue «neyzoGunren MATepnpeTannN HeTOpHE BCE B Gomsmel crenett pacestarpimarores MOcKBOML Kak HUCTpyMeHT, Ko- ‘Toph PASHAHBIe MEKMYHAPOTHNE AKTOPAI ACHOMAVIOT JAS pexxoii KpHTHKH MexayHaponnoli osm PoccHmt Hr AHeKpeMMrauM ee cousmomtHeckoit cHIBD», CTPeMaCh AOHTHEA OT Hee yeTyTOK. Pa [RAVATETBHBIX poccHiicKHX WCTOpHKOS yrnepaviaor, STO R perysmrare reonommrueckHx wpMertentit Koma 1980-x~ Havana 1990-x ronoB Pocous crauta ocHoRHnD® OGBeKTON sanlaAHOro Aasests. OHM Ykanki- amor Ha TO, HTO REAYIIME ZaNJaNHDIE FOEY.tAPCTRA H HX HOBIE ROCTOM= Hoespontelicxste corosinkn ‘raparorea mpercrasnts Pocewio, Kak HulaBHylo Mponrpasmyro cTOpory B «xosoAHO! BoliKED H, TAKIN OGpa- SOM, KAK cTpanty, K KorOpoi celinac Moto MpenbaBHTTs mMOOHIe Te ‘reusua [Hapownxas, 2010; 2005]. «HanGonee spocrie arasit 1a- npanaen Ha [HoanepKMBaeMsIe PoccHeli] npencranneHus 0 Bropoli Mupowoli soltue u surtucKo-Loreaamexyio omteTemyn, ~ mamyt Anex- cauiip u Feta Censickie n xypHare, weanseMoM mpectinxtia Mockosckam #HCTHTyTOM MexaYHEposBNX OTHONIEHB TIO Hx Mie ulo, ApIP4aHa satcHovaeTeA B TOM, HO HMEHMO 9Ta CHETEMA YTREPAK- 2a pesyuirarst poitier m creTana Coserekilt Coos zommmapyromelt cuzoti 8 Export. Kpome 1oro, upisitas orpomte torepn Conerexoro Coiosa B Boline W pemaiomtyio poms CCCP 8 pasrpome wauerexott Tepaaniy, sanamibie comsHlki TeM CaMGIM NPHHAMIE H TY BAKEYIO pons, Koropyio Cosetexnii Coros exirpan m cosstannn riocstenoenHoli eospeMeHHolt Esponaiy. To mpiaiiaiino apropos, ocne pazsana Conercxord Coroxa Pocctia okaxailacs Meee GnarompasrHolt reo- 112 ommrHecko# cirryauii. OplHaKo, YrBepxUaIOT OB, «iMTepeC TODO PoccHH 80 MHOTOM sakiNOWseTes B COXpAHeHHH, B BOIMOKHO Gomtee MONHOM YAepKAHMMA TeX 9]eMeHTOR CHCTEMM MeMCIYHApOMAX OTHOMeHH», KoTOpRe CORNICE | pesyabTare Bropok wmponoit notint [Censmexnat, Censnexas, 2009, ¢. 300; Taxae om. CensacKni, Cersancias, 2007] B caMoM Jlene, wroGsr myraute mouse, nowemy Mockpa Tax 6o- sleaeHHO pearypyer HA MONSITKH cHtepeceMEIeTeMHS pesyaBtaTOR Bropoit Muposoil olism, JOCTATOYHO JHU RONONGHTS Tp BAATHTE ‘elIGH: yTopeTHO, & KOTOpSIM PoceR OTCTaNBAeT cROE CAMOOULYLUCHHE ReaHKOH repokanh; ee MOCTORHHE OTACEHIA OTCTATH OT CROUX TAB IX (GPEMMYMIECTBEHHO SAMATHERS) KOEKYEHTOB, a TaOxe TOT MpO- crolt gakr, ro 1945 rom npencrannser cobolt KysbNeHHaIHO TeoTO- ammmeckoro Morymectaa Poccust, Pait y#eHMX aBHO MEIMBHHYZTH ‘Tealle © TOM, GTO nlocTe MopaxcHus Poccu B KpsimcKoli Bolite 1856 roma n a0 noGenia ConereKoro Corosa no Bropotl mtuponoll olt- ve Pocus / CCCP waxomitach 8 JuIKTeMBHOM PEOHOETAYECKOM YA ke (Baumgart, 1981; JItoxe, 2005]. MoGena Conerexoro Corsa Haq HauucteKoii Tepmannell, koropan HeiGexno accounmpyeres ¢ TCuTH- Taxol H meHoctso Cramna, TlonoxgtIa KOREN 9TOH HeraTMEn ‘TeHeNH H nosnbcenna nosHuMH ConeTeKoH PoccHH 70 craTyca Be- anKoit gepkane, «Ges paspeitenis KoTopoit at ota nytuka 8 Esporte He MOTIIa BBICTPETATY, — Kak KONOPHTHO BetcKasancs eme & XVII 8. DHAHEIA pocenickwH aunmOMar kusae AneKeaHmp BexGoposKa. 3nece MBt HMEeM s1e10 © YAMBHTETBHKIN caysaeM TeonoATHHESKO MpeeN- ctmennoct#. «He citenyer saGersars, — nanosmmaer wa Jbxanr, — 4T0 n cTopmteckoli nepentextune, ¢ TOK apestis HCTOPHKA CoppeNrerTHOtE Export, Cramuti Git HO MHOTHX cMBICTaX HaCTORINM Noe:TEsIONATE se Exareprist Benmkoit 1 [pycckix} napett XIX nexa, KOTOpSIC TIki- ‘Taviee pactunpime npenemt Pocenn n cropory “Gavmwiero Sanaa” 8 OcoBEHHOCTH B 1Oro~attayHOM HanpaBKieHHA, Pes HET, B HaCTHO- eri, 0 TeX TeppitropHiax, Ha KoTOpHIe oxo Exarepenta MTaMIACh pac Mpoctpannrs choe Buse, nH TeppHTopun Bcerna paccmarpisa- sich Kak HanGoree crparernseckn saxeBIe six Poco, W60 on mpeqocTanaann AocryN K MpipostBIM pecypeant, BuIxON K HesaMep- SAIOMIFIN MOPCKN MOPTAN, @ THIOKe cHOCOBCTRORALTH YCHLACHHKO AIHA aia Pocoum kak & Eapone, rar 11 Asi [Judt, 2009]. Cron nationmrrs 0 eYX MpocrEns HeTopmsecKHX dakcrex. Poc- cous Gaua onHOl! #3 OCHOBEEEIX MpoHTpaBINHX CropoH B TlepHoli wsIpOHOH wollte: ce rocyztaperserMocTm oKasaacs paspyuieHHoTl, a oKpaMHBL noceramt npofis uentpa. Pesynurars! xe Bropoit wuposoii notes, 113 saxperieniue n Aare w Forezawe, mpesparvt Pocemo (8 dope Coserexora Coiosa) 80 BTopy!o MupoByio exepxnepaany — eratyc, ‘xoTopsiii naar Mocxne orpomioe reonomrnseekoe niwsxiie 2 Eapone [surra-45, 2010]. TIpmmewarenio, 470 anamenmneii yue6um Heropant A. @icnmmona, npencrassestist a Mockonekoli Konbepeniuer o63e- ctnopexon 5 2007 r., orxporsaeT wrorosHauirenbuan d)pasa: « [DwerAnton, 2007, ¢, 6]. Cro~ UP OIMeTHT, TO aBTOP aMAAETCR samecrieTeM aMpeXtopa Hargo- wasHoit AAGopaTOpHIT BREUMKeH NOMATHKH— HeesTeNOBATEMECKOTO 1h ‘pa, mMeromtero Tecrne cpasm c Kpewén, [Penensio Ha yuedHoe nocoGue yarmmona c.: Benn, 2005.) Oawaxo 40-neraee rocnonereo Poceait n Bocrosxoii Eapome sakormiock enol cepuelt «Oapsaranx penomouiiy 1989 r. Kar ormesaerox 8 osiHoM 13 OCTpBIX KOMOKEHTApH- en, «Pocosts Griia TnaBtiEIM noSestTesIeM BO Bropott xmpovott notte oasitsiM mporrpasuinas 8 1989 r.» [European histories, 2005), B srowrro mt sak-nouaeTos cyTp mera: poccalicke amr YpeaBEI- alino Gomestentto MepERHBAOT YIpaTy MEKAYHApOTHOTO RIMAAHA TO- ce passana ConeneKora Cora. Ho celivac, 20-ner enycrs, Kpenss Topyo samuser, To Russia is back. TIpoiiaa vepes acomTeteTHe «Haro HaxLHOrO yrxeMHs (B 1990-2), crpania B 2000-e Meperkscta sHaMtrTe;tl= pitt oKOHOORHTECKH ogKeN. JTelicraNa poccHiicxoro pykoRO;IeTRA B oGaactH HeTopmsteckoit nomATHRM MpesaList JonosLATE ACE Goree «aye KQMMCTY!O BHETIETOTO MOTUTHKY 1 PUSBAKET REPHYTS YTepsHHOe HyRET- BO KCTOpERIecKOrO H Mopambrigro HpenocxosicT#a. B TO 2K€ RPEMs, MEK Aynapomad waerrismocr, PoccHn octaerea— anomie BoaMoxHo, Mawepenno,—B RBICITeH cTeneHH nporaBopemMpolt. C omHOM! eropots Poceus rpeSyer mpnstatma cooelt nermmunnocrs: # Enponte 2 KavecTEe nocmcosemexozo esponelickoeo roeynaperoa. C.ApyToH cTopoHEl, ona npeacrannser ceGis ripmsin ripeenatikom Conerekora Coloxa. Sra noaH- LULA NpeBaTE NBYNA CePLESHBIMEE TOCTEACTEMANC BO-NEPBEIX, 9TO Me ‘Tenits Pocenit Ha craTye BeTHKO! AepaBst co edpepotk «nprEnLterRpo- OHDIX. HHTTEPeCORY; BO-BTOPHIX, TO 8 OTKAR NOMHOCTAKO MpHRHETS peerytuieH conereKorD / CTATHHEKOTO PeRDINa. ‘Tpyanoctm Kondponrarn ¢ npomanim ‘1 OMMbI Hannon aI Hoi HeHTHIHOCTH Hewao poceniicxins yterx W TomATHKoR, NOXOAE, NOHIMAIOT, ‘w1o myerTuAOETE “HioDai PoccImD> ~ B ocoGeHOcTH ee reneTiTHeeKas cuxss © CCCP — amaeres josonsHo npoGienaruNHol, He B nocnen- 14 O10 OFepeNB 5-34 TOTO, 4TO ITO NpanonpeeMcTBO HEAIBEKHO Topo sander HeOREpHE MexuTy Pocenelt H ee eBponelicxHMH cocesNu. Oreyrornue axe slonepis, ® KOREsHOM HTOre, HTAMReTER rARHOH tpi iTioft Bex «Bolt Manan? KeTaBHero MepHoga. «Espo 20 cHx Hop we gosepser HOBO Poccmmy,— Kak SasmigeT OMHH Ha poceHHcKax Koxorenaropos. TIpHsHno exponelickolt axaGoxeHHocty, MpoADIPRA- et of, anaserea ToT Gakt, To Enporia ace ewe He BoempruuMaer Pocctto Kak ReHCTBHTETLHO NOCTCORETCKYTO, NOCTANTIEPCKYIO HAmTO. Enporta otwociTom K Han «He Kak K POCCHIL, & KaK K YMeHDIMIEHHONY, ocmaGineKHOMy H noToMy osnoGnermomy CCCP, ampy “mamepet co erekoro aia"» [Koptywor, 2009, c. $3]. Pasim4unte cow poccHiicKin omur npeqaararr pasiste ayrH peuleHHs npodnensr cconeTeKOTO HacmemWsDY H BOMpoca O6 WeTOpHTe- Cckoll oTneTeraeHHocr, Tem Goxee Ho Mepade TECHO eAszAHO CO RTO- paint. Concent Henanio Grita npesuioxeHa, Ha MepEBi, Bara BONE NeTKAd CXeAta pemeHHa orofl uneNot. CyTh mperpionentas enestyI0~ Mas: CHRTH KTIpOK.DATHIA BONPOSY OF HcTOpKNECKOH! OTBETCTBENHOCTHE Poccutt sa wce NpectyruieHHs NpomsIOrO, Ho ORHOBPEMEHHO COXpAHETS nce HaHGoree eH M3 reonommriecKoro KaceMA ConereKOrO Corosa. B wrone 2010 r. Konicrasrus Kocaés, Ha Tor MoMeHT Tiana Konurreta no Mexaaynapomasna nemam Poeysaperneroit Jlysr Poc- (CHM, BEICKAMAN MBICIE O TOM, HTO MpHIETO BpeMs aa wuIpAGOTKH Poccnm «HaGopa nocryarony, «cBoero porta HCTOpHMECKOH AOKTpH- HbDy, KOTOpAs HoMora Out Moekne pas Ht NaBcerTa cHATE ¢ CeOs IO- Gyio TomerayecKyio, GunaxIcoRYIO, TopANHECKyIO HE MopamAtyro OTBETCTBCEHOCTS 3a TlOMUTEKY’H yelicTBRS coBeTeKHX Bnactelt Ha ‘TeppuTopusx Gamimero CCCP m roeynapern Bocrowrot Esportt. Tipentoenme Kocaséua cBoawica K ABYM KIHOYEBSIM MOMEHTAM 1)Pocena wuinomteT nee MexAyRapomBIe oGsarembetBa CCCP, Syaysu eno npeeranmeli; omwaKo Pocens He MpHsuaeT HAKAKOIt MO- parbHolt OTBETCTReHHOCTH H HE MPHEMMAET HHKAKHX xOpHIUTIECKHX ossaTenceTe 4a JeHleTHNES H npecrynmierMs, conepmicHEte coneTeRH- MU ailactaM; 2) PoccHa He MPHHHMAeT EMKAKIDK MOMETHHECRIX, FOpHt- TMMECKHX HH ()AEAHCOBEIS TIpeTEHAH 44 CYAN HapynIeHA COBET- CUM BIACTAMH MeakzyHAPOAHOTO HAN MecTHOTO SaxoHOAATENKeTBA, elicTaonannero 8 conetexnii nepioz [Kocarén, 2010], Tipencranasetes, 410 Kocawés wepHo onpetemin ocHoaKyio puny, W2-2a KoTOpoT «Mocksa oKaxMIact B cHOErO poltA sTODYIIKED: ‘ova saKctouaeTes B Tos, 4TO COMpeMeHaR PoccHA AB/lHeTeR TIpABO- ripeewmunett ConereKoro Coiosa. Oxt npas H Tom, ro 9Ta npasonpe- eMorsernocrs “imeer He TOABKO MOTORNTEMBHBIE, HOH OTpHIEETERE- 115 mate seprat. OstaKo ocrambHax acts ero nporpanast osesrTHO porupopestsa: Poceus, yrnepactaet Kocavén, smixeres mpanompe- exnmucit CCCP, no we weer oTseTeTaeHHIOCTM— HH OmHTHYECKOli, it Mopambto#, WH OunanconoH HH KAKOil-nAGO HOH — sa moObsIE pectyTFBte JeHCTEH, COREPIEHHKIE CORETCKHM. PEATAMON. Ho Tax atm 9To? HexoTopmie neayume yaensre (B vactHocrH, An peli 3yG08 m Cepreit Koptyxon) yxxe 1260 ykaumann ta TO, "70 ‘©yTH soNpoca Kak pe H saKiTIONAeTES B rIpaROROit MpeeMcTReHHOCTH, 1 TO HMeHHO ToT KmONenOH acteKT, KOTOpEIH oTIMYAer PoceHto oF ApYTHX Tocynapers BocTowoH Enpomti [3y6on, 2009; Koprynop, 2009, ¢. 284-312]. B 1991 r, Pocens mpanacia pemerne crak mpawo~ npeentntie#t CCCP, rorga kak ce GsIBITHe KOMMYRHCTHIECKHE CTPA bi BoctowHolt Export (Bismowas exoropste OMIBImHe coneTeKHe pecnyGankn) cnena:ta nisGop # HOMY HoCCTAHOANIEHHA HCTOpHUECKOIL MpeenctaermtocTH ¢ rocygapeTReHHOCTEIO, mpewuecTnosapuieii KOM MyMcrH¥eckoMy Hepuoly ux Heropan [Matz, 2001]. Taxa o6p220m, ceca conpementtar Pocena xanaeTes NpaMolt Mpeenmtteti ConereKoro TocymapeTna, 470 ¢ FOTOBHOCTEIO MpHAHAIOT nce pysononAUIME OprANT Pocens, oa Hecer HlonHyio OTReTCTHeNKOcTe 2a jleHicTRHA m Mpectyn- Jena, COBepITEHBe COBETCKHM PEXIMOM KaK TIpOTHE coBerseHHOrO Hapona, Tak H MPOTHE rpakak HHOCTpARHNX rocyaaperm Ha KpoTA- XxCHHH RGeH MCTOpM cymecTHORaKNA 3TOrO pextiMa. HexetaHne MPRBFIATh HCTOPHTECKYIO OTHETCTBEHHOCTS, O HEM HEABYEMBICeHEIO ronoput mpennoenne Kocavéna, Gyjer Tokko youuaaTs nonoape- nat coceneti Poccum orocyTesKo HeTHHEBIX HaMepeHlt MockeN. Hewsexnviit pesysetar pocéalicKol nosmnpm — mpontomxenne «notin nanny » Eepone B 1991 r, Poccas Toxe cToana mepen ansrepuarwmoil: noccra HOBHTL Npanopyro TipeewcTaetocTe © RopenamonwoHol PoceKeii, cymiecrsonazmieti x0 1917 r., wk crave npanonpeemunueit CCCP. Ho- BuaHMosy, Bopie Est nowanat peony Mexxay oTANOH IEyNx ROBMOXHOCTEMH HL MOGMERCTRMAME BIGopa snoGON 3 «Hx. B CBOE HOCTONMBAHMSX, OGRSCHSS IPHMNKI, KOTOPME 2acTABILME PoccHifcKae PYKOBOXeTRO cestaTD cno¥i TOraaLUTH BEIGO, OH paaNiBIUNAAeT 0 TOM, ‘s7o Moro Ost npowsolins, ecxa Ger Pocentickas Derepausir pemsta it Tats mpeewnnkow opesomonvontol Pocus, Esbiuaet nonaran, +70 Pocons crasia Gxt conceM pyroil crparioll, aemyieH no conceM npyTHM 3aKOHAM— 3aKOHAN, NpHIHAIOMNAN MpHOpHTer sEHOCTH Kast rOcyAap- cta0M. B cawowt ake Kone OnOTTK «KOHTPHakTIIECKING pasnrsmnnTeHAy nepsutt npestizent Poco maorosHantmemsio Oban: «uae Oo oTHocHICS f HAM H oxpyxaromtAt! Mp» [Ens 2000, c. 196-197]. 116 Celiac pa mBepansHo NbtemsiINX NOTIETHUECKHX ABATATHKOR HC KOMMeHTATOPOR FOBOpsT 0 TON, TO PYKOBONCTHO eTpaH /LOsDKIHO nepeemorpers, aonpoc pocomiicKoit WeHTHHROCTH H HAKOHeM-TO pe- MIT Sty MpoGreMy «oKORMaTeNSHO M GecroRoporKoD. Tlo Ux Me Halo, eNHeTREHNGIM emocoGOM. peUleHIE STOTO BONpoca anneTe GecxonmpomsiceHtsit PaphiR CO REM ACTIEKTAMI, CRIRAREBIN COBETCKOM HIEHTHMHOETEIO, HM BOcCTaHORNEHHe HCTOpHKO-tpasoBOTt MpeeNcraenHocra ¢ «ueTopiteckoit Poceneliy, Te, Pocesiicks rocy- AAPeTHOM, KOTOPOE TasId B pesyabrate GomuReBHCTeKOO riepesopora 2 1917 r, Ceroxmaumas Poconiicxan Penepansia — chaxtirieexs ema Crmenag a poex GHIRIMHX copereKI pecmyGnmK, He saNRMEMIAN o choew ofhatcratatow Barxone 43 CCCP (xors Pocews w mponostsiactata (e801 «HesaRHeHMOCTE), — anmAeTeR TPanompeenmKoN ConeTeKOrO Coiosa, KOHCTATHpyIOT sHGepamsi, a SHAGHT, H HACHERHHKOM B Gost eli cTeneHH coueTeKoro, HExEIM «ACTOPHNECKH pocciticnOrO” Ha- creat [3y6on, 2010]. Kparsaii oGs0p mparcraenHo-nommraueckix yeroen Crpatist, €€ pasoworo peawnta, CTHOUICHIAH COGCTREHHOCTH H_ciRMBOMTEMECKOT edeptn ¢ ovenimtiOcTHIO MOATBEpAAeT STOT TesHe. HeeMOTpH Ha BE (CKICSBIBAEMYKO POCCHTICKHM PYKORONCTHOM OT CAYHAM K eily'4aKO KPATH- Ky MopAKos ToTasMTapHOro MpoLtOTO H craMKMeKHX TpectyruienHif, KOMMYNMCTHNECKITH MepHon 8 HeTOpKN Pocerm, AuKBUIAFies Ha TIpO- “ppkeHt 70 c TIRKTENIM JIET, H COBETCKUL HOSIETICIECKIE PENN HIAKOEIA Fe nowepravics seecTopontie spanctnemolt 1 HeTopEeCKOH aleMTKe. Tipecrynnenna pexnma re Gri ocyKIeHB, H HAWOHANbMBNiL akT TOKAI TO cyutecTHy Tak H He cocTONIes. B 9ToM ewMesIe Tpottece MpancTsertioro BospORNeHMA TMM etne ne rayanca. B mpanosow ceathicne Pocertickar Derepamia ceroata snLeTeA MpaMEIM Hace HUIKOM conetcKoro pexwiva. B ro Hpewst Kax GovtbimesnereKil exper ‘or 22 noadpa 1917 r., oTmermpumtit a6comorto Boe aaKoHLi Pocerit- ‘ckoif HMTTEDHN, ARARETCR JO CerOAHAMIHETO AES sleHCTAYIOMIN MmpABO~ [RBIM akTOM, HHL ORAEL HS SaKOtiOR PoccH, eHiCTRORADUIM 0 TIPAKONA paacTH OomEINEDHKOR, He Gysler ceroms MPHNMMATLCR HO BHUNALHE BIC B OAHON cyse Crpaxi. B OCHOBE SKOHOMHTECKAX OTHOMIERIA & conpenerol Poccun seit mpyaHaHe 3axOHHOCTH. CORETCKO! «OO- meHapomwori> coGerResHocTH, KOTOpAK BMlocMeNCTRAH Cauke Konerany Bpenry. «Bo spema Oecens,— numer bperr a Choe Heasio nkIinEZIURH Kure “BuyTpH CraNHHeKUX apxtBoay, — Akonnes noctomnHo sosnpamarca K TOMY daxry, 10 Poccua nuxoeda ne Barna noanocmeso decosemusupasana (KypeHB MOH. — H.T:). B welt He Gaul mpovexen HtopaGeprpkutl npottece, aunro He GkUT mpHaEAH ‘oTBery, He Gix10 ouecTREMMIOTO TPHMAPEHAA MExXIY >KePTBAME Ui Mlanawann, He ObiTO BOSHpANeHHA COOCTBEHHOCTHE HIM coOTRETET- Bylowelt KowmeHoariM smULIHOHAN TEX smOAeH, IKI AKHORM GHIA tos ocTHIO HeKoRepKatn Paid paspyitenst craMeKolt “yronuelt”, Bae- eto at0ro cTpania Morpysitzacs... 8 GespasmamNe H SA6KITBe, THIOKO mpeacrasnaa ceGe, Ryxtia sm efi cnoGona Hi Ker, ena sIH ROOKIE BeTLoMiTias 0 TOM, «70 Taxoe choGoAA” [Brent, 2008, p. 252] Tipncyretaite sneneuTOn coperekoro MpomMOrO B HACHTHEHO- tH conpeMerHoii Pocomt never 3a coSoft naxknbie NocaencTBNA Ae Mexxynaposnoti nommTaKH, Cepreli KopryHon, 8 wactHoeTH, empapes sIMBO YTREPAUIAM, TO J10 TEX Mop, OKA PoeeHs He MOABeprHeT CROIO HaIneMMMOIO HeHTHUTOCTE cymecTReHHOH TpaxeAopMALE He TIpe- Bpamitrea B NOMTHEKO PecrYONHKAHCKoe, AeMOKpaTUecKoe Ha MIKO passeBa¥oMeeca oGuiecrRo, oTHOMENHs MockHK ¢ nenyinune sangquBiMH naprHepana GyayT crpalarh OT HemOBEpHA, BaalKNEHOrO Herlommanfs nogoaprTenbHoctH. , — HO WEONOTIA XapHEs- MaTiicexoro swmepa TpeGyer HaTHaHs «Gonbiol uaew>. Tpo6rewa, ‘OfHAKO, COCTOHT B TO, HTO h NIggTCONETCKOH POCeHE HeT KH MepBOTO, ‘Hu BrOpOro: OWA He sBIIAETCH CTPAKOH, FAC B Gono HecTH TOTITH MCCKHE MUCTATYTHI HC HBIHCENHCE PYKOBONCTRO BPA TH BAOXHOBTA- oTes ROIBEIITEHHEIN H-eaTaMN, Kak mponMuatensHo oTwexaor HeKoTopste ananraKH [Pro- zorov, 2009; Reshetnikov, 2011], nyrmHicKHil pexam a6comioTHo Gec~ semen, Te. ¥ Hero OTcyTeTBYET KaKOe-HOO HAeoNOTHECKoe comep- rxanie. B cnoch siyrpenviel w seme TlomuTHKe ox npueraer K TONY, #70 CaM BTACTH HasHANAIOT MpaeMarmrvmeM oGpasoM elfeTBul ‘Has aroro pexima xapaxtepHo Kpaifiee HexkeraKHe ReTYMaTH W JHO- Sne coneprareroMbte nAcoTOrMecKHe axeGarsL. Dro B HomHOMt Nepe OTHOCHTER HK pocemTtcKOMY TomxoAY K BoNpocam «ucTOpAMECKOH oslirakiy. BHYTpM CTpaHsi MpaBsINIUe 9AHTKI & OCHOBHOM saHsTHt YYxpeItterHeM sterimTEMHOCTH cBoero pea. C Toll UCHBIO OHM Gy- AYT wacroitarmo MporosoRaT® saMATIAT

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