SOCI100-002-202040 General Sociology

Started on Friday, 7 February 2020, 9:00 AM

State Finished
Completed on Friday, 7 February 2020, 9:38 AM
Time taken 38 mins 30 secs
Marks 37.00/40.00
Grade 92.50 out of 100.00

Question 1 (Q001) "Thinking like a sociologist" means that you

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. focus on the uniqueness of phenomena.
b. understand how the meaning of an act is the same across cultures.
c. apply analytical tools to the things you've always done without much
conscious thought in the past. Correct

d. always back up your assertions with statistics.

The correct answer is: apply

analytical tools to the things you've always done without
much conscious thought in the past.

Question 2 (Q002) Using the sociological imagination helps sociologists (and students of
Correct sociology)
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. develop the ability to see the connections between our own personal
experience and the larger forces of history. Correct

b. focus on individual lives.

c. create an image of how people in other societies live.
d. understand the theories developed by Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Émile
Durkheim.

The correct answer is: develop

the ability to see the connections between our own
personal experience and the larger forces of history.

/
Question 3 (Q003) What is an example of using one's sociological imagination?
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. being comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings, such as visiting a new friend's
house
b. understanding that the divorce of one's parents is part of a larger societal
trend toward marriage dissolution Correct

c. creating different hypotheses to explain an individual's behavior when you

see that person acting strangely in public
d. creating a story to explain unfamiliar social customs when you are traveling
in a new country

The correct answer is: understanding

that the divorce of one's parents is part of a larger
societal trend toward marriage dissolution

Question 4 (Q004) Which sociologist of the twentieth century introduced the concept of the
Correct sociological imagination?
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. C. Wright Mills Correct

b. Robert Merton
c. Charles Horton Cooley
d. W. I. Thomas

The correct answer is: C. Wright Mills

Question 5 (Q005) What is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that,

Incorrect together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time?
Mark 0.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. a nation Incorrect

b. a social construction
c. a social institution
d. a society

The correct answer is: a social institution

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Question 6 (Q006) Sociology emerged in the nineteenth century, with the idea of a secular
Incorrect morality from what thinker?
Mark 0.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. Charlotte Perkins Gilman Incorrect

b. John Stuart Mill

c. Auguste Comte
d. Alexis de Tocqueville

The correct answer is: Auguste Comte

Question 7 (Q007) The early sociological writer, Harriet Martineau, wrote a book in 1838 that
Correct examined the institution of marriage and challenged assumptions about women's
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inferiority. In this respect, Martineau espoused what kind of theoretical position in
1.00 her sociological writing?

Select one:
a. Marxist
b. feminist Correct

c. functionalist
d. liberal

The correct answer is: feminist

Question 8 (Q008) Rather than complaining about "kids these days," 52-year-old Professor
Correct Cathy Small enrolled as an undergraduate at a large university in an attempt to
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better understand the college experience of her students. She published her
1.00 findings in the book, My Freshman Year (under the pen name of Rebekah
Nathan). This research is in line with the methodology developed by which of the
following early sociologists?

Select one:
a. Georg Simmel
b. Karl Marx
c. Max Weber Correct

d. Émile Durkheim

The correct answer is: Max Weber

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Question 9 (Q010) Which American sociologist was the first to undertake ethnography in the
Correct African American community?
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. George Herbert Mead
b. W. E. B. DuBois Correct

c. Jane Addams
d. Louis Wirth

The correct answer is: W. E. B. DuBois

Question 10 (Q011) Jamar enters a clothing store and a security guard immediately notices him
Correct and follows his actions on a security monitor. Jamar is aware of the security
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guard's actions and adjusts his own behavior to avoid a potential confrontation.
1.00 This is a contemporary example of which sociological concept developed at the
turn of the twentieth century?

Select one:
a. double consciousness Correct

b. the generalized other

c. positivism
d. anomie

The correct answer is: double consciousness

Question 11 (Q012) Allison is concerned with the subtle messages that her niece receives from
Correct her kindergarten teacher about suitable careers. For example, picture books read
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in class portray women as nurses and secretaries but the doctors and engineers
1.00 in the books are male. Allison's concerns reflect what kind of theoretical
perspective?

Select one:
a. conflict theorist
b. positivist
c. functionalist
d. feminist Correct

The correct answer is: feminist

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Question 12 (Q001) What is the best example of a quantitative research method?
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. observing people as they participate in an aerobics class
b. conducting a survey of how frequently people exercise Correct

c. interviewing people about their experiences in high-school gym class

d. analyzing the language style of men's and women's fitness blogs

The correct answer is: conducting a survey of how frequently people exercise

Question 13 (Q002) Both quantitative and qualitative methods (the way sociologists can gather
Correct data about a social issue or problem) are approaches that ideally attempt to
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establish a __________ between social elements.
1.00
Select one:
a. causal relationship Correct

b. coincidental relationship
c. numeric relationship
d. commonsense relationship

The correct answer is: causal relationship

Question 14 (Q003) One of the classes you are enrolled in fills up every semester it is offered,
Correct and students rave about it. There's something about it beyond the topic and the
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instructor, which makes you curious. You have an idea about why this is so, so
1.00 you decide to test your theory by jotting down a hypothesis, asking other students
a few questions, and then seeing if the results fit your theory. You are employing
what kind of research in your sociological search for answers?

Select one:
a. a participant observation approach
b. a deductive approach Correct

c. a cross-disciplinary approach
d. an inductive approach

The correct answer is: a deductive approach

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Question 15 (Q004) A researcher observes that most teens entering a café choose to sit near
Correct other occupied tables, whereas most retirees choose a table that is farther away
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from other customers. The researcher then theorizes that youth like to feel that
1.00 they are part of a larger group of people, whereas the elderly are more
comfortable being alone. This is an example of which kind of research approach?

Select one:
a. deductive
b. a case study
c. quantitative
d. inductive Correct

The correct answer is: inductive

Question 16 (Q005) You've noticed that when you sleep less, your grades suffer. At the same
Correct time, you realize that lower grades could also lead to a lack of sleep: that worrying
Mark 1.00 out of
about a possible dip in your grade point average could keep you up at night. What
1.00 kind of relationship between the two variables, lack of sleep and lower grades, are
you noticing here?

Select one:
a. correlation Correct

b. spurious
c. causal
d. time-ordered

The correct answer is: correlation

Question 17 (Q006) What three factors are needed to establish causation?

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. correlation, time order, and ruling out alternative explanations Correct

b. correlation, a hypothesis, and alternative explanations

c. a natural experiment, time order, and correlation
d. moderating variables, ruling out alternative explanations, and time order

The correct answer is: correlation, time order, and ruling out alternative explanations

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Question 18 (Q007) Suppose you're at a party at a friend's apartment. One of the guests
Correct strikes up a conversation with you about voter apathy and claims he has a pretty
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good idea as to why it is so high, calling it a "well-educated hypothesis." You point
1.00 out (much to his annoyance) that his idea is really nothing more than a guess. In
order to accurately call his idea a hypothesis, he would need to

Select one:
a. cite existing studies that support his educated guess.
b. test the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
c. propose a relationship between two variables. Correct

d. develop a comprehensive explanation for why voter apathy is so high.

The correct answer is: propose a relationship between two variables.

Question 19 (Q008) Zayvon has conducted a study in which he found that college students
Correct with more friends tend to have higher GPAs. He concluded that as a person
Mark 1.00 out of
makes more friends, she has more social support and that helps her do better
1.00 academically. However, when he collected longitudinal data in a follow-up study
and was able to take into account time order, Zayvon found that, actually, as a
person increases her GPA, she gains status on campus and attracts more friends.
This is a case of

Select one:
a. operationalization.
b. reverse causality. Correct

c. comparative research.
d. a spurious relationship.

The correct answer is: reverse causality.

Question 20 (Q009) Hypothesis: Children in families that eat dinner together at least four times
Correct per week experience fewer behavioral problems in school. In this hypothesis, what
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is the dependent variable?
1.00
Select one:
a. the number of times per week that a family eats together
b. how often children misbehave in school Correct

c. how much time children spend with their families

d. the nutritional value of the food children eat with their families

The correct answer is: how often children misbehave in school

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Question 21 (Q010) What is an example of a negative relationship between an independent
Incorrect and a dependent variable?
Mark 0.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. Individuals with more formal education tend to have higher incomes.
Incorrect

b. Poorer people tend to have worse health.

c. Individuals with lower incomes are less likely to vote in presidential
elections.
d. Wealthier individuals tend to be less concerned about environmental
problems.

The correct answer is: Wealthier individuals tend to be less concerned about
environmental problems.

Question 22 (Q011) What is a moderating variable?

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. a factor that affects only the dependent variable in a hypothesis
b. a factor that affects only the independent variable in a hypothesis
c. a factor that is positioned between the independent and dependent
variables but does not affect the relationship between them
d. a factor that affects the relationship between the independent and
dependent variables Correct

The correct answer is: a

factor that affects the relationship between the independent
and dependent variables

Question 23 (Q012) In the effort to stop the spread of HIV, organizations and countries have
Correct invested in research to understand how the virus spreads within a population.
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Often, this research investigates transmission through "having sex." Here, one of
1.00 the challenges is to precisely define what "having sex" means, so that researchers
can identify the relevant variables. This challenge of specifying a key idea is
crucial to any good sociological study and is called

Select one:
a. defining the independent variable.
b. hypothesis testing.
c. defining the dependent variable.
d. operationalization. Correct

The correct answer is: operationalization.

/
Question 24 (Q014) Suppose that researchers find that if they ask respondents to report their
Correct happiness twice over the course of an interview, the respondents nearly always
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give identical responses. However, they also find that respondents are generally
1.00 unwilling to report feeling unhappy because they think they will be judged
negatively by the interviewer. This measure of happiness would be

Select one:
a. both reliable and valid.
b. reliable but not valid. Correct

c. neither reliable nor valid.

d. valid but not reliable.

The correct answer is: reliable but not valid.

Question 25 (Q001) Material culture includes

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. anything from the natural environment.
b. literature and historical texts.
c. buildings, artworks, and technological devices. Correct

d. values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms.

The correct answer is: buildings, artworks, and technological devices.

Question 26 (Q002) What is an example of nonmaterial culture?

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of

Select one:
1.00 a. a photography exhibit at a modern art museum
b. a fashion blog
c. a hedge maze at a botanical garden
d. the rules for using the weight room at the gym Correct

The correct answer is: the rules for using the weight room at the gym

/
Question 27 (Q003) Climate change has evoked a politically polarized debate in the United
Correct States. For many, the cause and effect relationship between human activity and
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climate change seems obvious based on the science available. For others, such a
1.00 claim seems ludicrous. Although it may seem that climate change is a matter of
science, underlying the disagreement are attachments to opposing

Select one:
a. ethnocentrisms.
b. religious belief sets.
c. stereotypes.
d. ideologies. Correct

The correct answer is: ideologies.

Question 28 (Q004) Suppose you are part of a research team stationed in Uganda to do
Correct sociological surveys. You are there with your same-sex spouse of eight years. In
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Uganda, homosexuality was criminalized in 2009 and is currently punishable by
1.00 life imprisonment. Attitudes in the country are not favorable toward homosexuality,
but you have not experienced difficulties in daily life. As you begin the write-up of
your research, you are especially aware of the scholarly need to

Select one:
a. avoid being outed (detected) as a same-sex couple.
b. disseminate your data to all of your colleagues for preliminary review.
c. ensure that the Ugandan government approves of all your data.
d. avoid letting your own beliefs about same-sex relationships enter your
writing. Correct

The correct answer is: avoid letting your own beliefs about same-sex relationships enter
your writing.

/
Question 29 (Q005) Every year, as many as 20,000 devotees of Harley Davidson motorcycles
Correct convene in Sturgis, South Dakota. Their numbers frequently overwhelm nearby
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towns and cities, including the Mt. Rushmore National Monument. For some
1.00 tourists visiting the monument at that time, the cultural collision with tattooed and
long-haired bikers might be jarring. For the tourist who thinks like a sociologist,
such an encounter is an opportunity to observe a different group of people by
applying

Select one:
a. different values to one's own life.
b. cultural scripts.
c. reflection theory.
d. cultural relativism. Correct

The correct answer is: cultural relativism.

Question 30 (Q006) What is an example of using cultural relativism to think about cultural
Correct differences?
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. You love sushi and see the availability of Japanese cuisine in the United
States as a positive thing.
b. You see a news story about a country where people often eat spicy seafood
dishes in the morning, and you reason that their long coastline and hot climate
provide easy access to both seafood and hot peppers. Correct

c. You are greatly offended when a classmate from Bangladesh describes her
sister's arranged marriage, and you respond that you would never let your
parents choose your spouse.
d. You read about an indigenous group in South America that still hunts with
bows and arrows, and your reaction is that they should use better technology.

The correct answer is: You

see a news story about a country where people often eat
spicy seafood dishes in the morning, and you reason that their long coastline and
hot climate provide easy access to both seafood and hot peppers.

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Question 31 (Q007) Your friend Jerome tells you that he believes culture is an innate biological
Correct aspect of human societies. Having already taken an introductory sociology class,
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you disagree, arguing that modes of behavior and understanding are not universal
1.00 or natural. You give the example of the disagreement between indigenous
Americans and colonial Europeans about whether land was something that could
be owned. You are trying to illustrate the idea of

Select one:
a. cultural scripts. Correct

b. cultural lag.
c. culture shock.
d. reflection theory.

The correct answer is: cultural scripts.

Question 32 (Q008) Skateboarding is a popular youth pastime. Within the activity, there are
Correct distinct variations on how it's done, and the skating vocabulary can vary by place.
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In addition, skateboarders have distinctive gear, such as skate shoes designed to
1.00 provide grip and durability. All this sets skaters apart as a kind of

Select one:
a. stereotype.
b. minority group.
c. subculture. Correct

d. mass media.

The correct answer is: subculture.

Question 33 (Q010) Some businesses in the United States, especially food-service

Correct establishments, will post signs that read, "No shirt, no shoes, no service." These
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signs
1.00
Select one:
a. enforce a subculture.

b. manifest material culture.

c. reinforce a cultural norm. Correct

d. establish a shared value.

The correct answer is: reinforce a cultural norm.

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Question 34 (Q011) Think about your own experience of going to school. More than simply
Correct "what you learned in school today," much of our lives in the United States are
Mark 1.00 out of
shaped by that entire experience: what we choose to wear, with whom we make
1.00 friends, whom we avoid, and how we respond to authority figures, whether
teachers or preachers or police. Overall, our experience of school is

Select one:
a. training in cultural relativism.
b. a major part of socialization. Correct

c. an institutional program to foster moral development.

d. significant exposure to a specific subculture.

The correct answer is: a major part of socialization.

Question 35 (Q012) As a budding sociologist, you decide to study American politics by

Correct attending presidential caucuses. You identify as a liberal independent, but you are
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interested in the process from different perspectives. Your first stop is at a caucus
1.00 for Republican candidates. Everyone in the audience is passionate about their
beliefs, and you find yourself swept up in the process, reacting against ideas that
you see as extreme. In developing the paper discussing your study results, what is
one of the challenges you in particular must overcome to produce an unbiased
study?

Select one:
a. ensuring the names and identifying information of the people you interview
is kept completely confidential
b. determining the actual party affiliation of the people you interview
c. making sure you attend an equal number of caucuses across the political
spectrum
d. remembering that everyone, including you, is inculcated into systems of
beliefs that influence thinking and perceptions Correct

The correct answer is: remembering

that everyone, including you, is inculcated into
systems of beliefs that influence thinking and perceptions

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Question 36 (Q013) Certain ideals about women's appearance are highly valued in the United
Correct States, such as thinness, muscular definition, and blemish-free skin. Reflection
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theory suggests that this obsession in our culture with the "perfect female body"
1.00 emerges from our social structures and shapes the kinds of relationships we seek
and value: we want to be around people who meet this standard of perfection.
That is, the culture of women's bodies is a result of our own proclivities, and not a
result of how women are depicted in the media. The primary difficulty with this idea
is that it

Select one:
a. presumes culture is a one-way process. Correct

b. ignores differences found in other cultures.

c. presumes that women's bodies are essential to a functioning society.
d. sets up a conflict between men and women.

The correct answer is: presumes culture is a one-way process.

Question 37 (Q014) When fears of contagious diseases such as avian flu and Ebola arise,
Correct public health officials encourage people to replace greetings involving close
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contact (handshakes, hugs) with an elbow bump. This change in greetings
1.00 represents a shift in

Select one:
a. media messages.
b. societal subcultures.
c. personal values.
d. social norms. Correct

The correct answer is: social norms.

Question 38 (Q015) North Korea has been ruled for more than 50 years by a single powerful
Correct family. The citizenry, as best as can be determined, is highly regimented in daily
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life, without access to outside information, and suffering frequent famine.
1.00 Sociologically speaking, the leadership of North Korea is

Select one:
a. insane.

b. dominating. Correct

c. hegemonic.
d. fascist.

The correct answer is: dominating.

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Question 39 (Q017) For a research project in an introductory sociology course, a student
Correct decides to compare how women's magazines cover health and beauty topics
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versus career and professional topics. This student is conducting
1.00
Select one:
a. textual analysis. Correct

b. cultural relativism.
c. culture jamming.
d. cultural production.

The correct answer is: textual analysis.

Question 40 (Q018) A television ad campaign for a new toy starts playing nationwide in late
Correct October. Within weeks, big box retailers are selling out of the toy as parents
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prepare for the holidays. This response is an example of a
1.00
Select one:
a. short-term, unintended media effect.
b. long-term, negative media effect.
c. short-term, intended media effect. Correct

d. long-term, intended media effect.

The correct answer is: short-term, intended media effect.

Return to: Test 1 