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    7 views14 pages

    Ippwa1 1

    Uploaded by

    leandrokamargo

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 14
    Describing Graphs : Practice : ‘You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 4 The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the | graph You should write at least 150 words. ‘ i: i ! | 800 t i Doubling of word | ey aries 1 700 i 650 | Patron | ~ | ne I \ Lands Program. : a i Hl fl | ' eo : 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 i i Figure 1 World grain harvested area, 1950-96 ' t { { 1029) 12278 repens Paci Here are some notes written during the planning stage of the essay. Timeftense Past time — past tense : Topic Wid tnd area hvstd 1950-96 : General trend 1950-80 4, then USSR virg Inds prgm © grt * Wid pres 2x © rpd Reschmnt & grad % ' Conclusion Grn Ind affctd gov pol & mkt fres Explanation Notice how words have been abbreviated by leaving out the vowels. This is a useful way ‘of making notes in English. If you do this regularly, you will find that it becomes quite easy to remember what words the abbreviations represent. EXERCISE 1 Time target ~ none \ ‘This exercise is to give you practice with abbreviations, Here are the abbreviations used in the notes above. Write the full word beside each one, 1 wid 9 rirchmnt 2 Ind 10 grad t 3 hvsta 1 ern : 4 virg 12 afferd : . 3 prgm 13 gov t =: f 7 6 grt 14 pol i : 7 pres 15 mkt L 8 xpd 16 fres | | T Tee SEER . — There ate other ways to abbreviate these words. You should develop your own ating in English. way of abbore When planning your essay it is important to: now exactly what is required to complete the task © brainstorm similar words from the topic so the subjects of your sentences can be written in your own words © determine the time period so that the correct tense is used develop a general statement that gives an overall impression of the graph decide which significant details will be discussed to reflect the task requirement draw a relevant conclusion or su inarise what you have written. In the exain you ean write notes on the illustration and in a clearly defined space on the front of your answer paper. Your notes shoul be in abbreviated form in order to save time. They should also be organised in the samme way es you are going to write the essay. EXERCISE 2 ‘Time target — 5 minutes Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information on the graph. You should write at least 150 words. 40 ‘West Indies E India and Pakistan go 3 a Lom 10 1940 1950 1960 Date of ent to the UK 4970 Figure 2 ‘Analyse the graph and fill in the blanks to complete the notes. ‘These notes will be used later in this chapter to write a full-Lengtl Te response, 104] 6415 Parton and Perce : Timeftense w i : Topic QQ _____immgents frm India & Pak and W Indies to Engld. ; 7 General trend Immgn India & Pak and W Indies (3) _ 1940-60, 7 Afir 1960 immgn frm W Indies (4) - Immgn frm India 7 & Pak (5) Details India & Pak W Indies : 1940-60 (6) 1940-60 (9) 7 1960-65 (7) 1960-63 (10) : 1965-70 (8) 1963-70 (11) : Conclusion # Indian & Pak immgrnts up to present? Once you have planned your answer you are ready to write it j ‘Task 1 Essay Plan a + One sentence to introduce the illustration. . + One or two sentences that demonstrate the relationships between : the data or show a trend. } + More in-depth description of the data that expands your general : statement. d + One sentence to conclude your writing. 4 + Here is an answer to the Practice on page 102. i : Introduction t ' i i The gouph in Fagan + sans the ttl weal gain barest are in i : rls of hectares fetieen 1930 and 196 K - f 1 General statement \ : In genera, the total harvest ere incresed antl 1950, at bic ; print —there—wer aren inthe harvested dete P retearbment Q ue # Description In ie ales 6 ll feta of gine harvested sen wide, “Daring the ies the USSR initied a Tingin Lads | Prgrn whl greatly increased the area harvested to ava 6 silin betas: Sm tiv point ai the nid 70 the aren bar rested increased ally, sion hectares. Then avd 976 the pice of grain doled aad vith sone flcvatcns, te jt rer are this cansed a rapid inevease in the caneuut of tad dervted to quain predrtion vail 190, From 090 te 195 there anes a gral ! Gkerease inthe anvant of land wed for gun ena li this th area arsed again fea te ie \ Conch /Summary In samara ran se that the at dereted te grnin pron res [166 words} sras affected fy Fath quernent policy anal ma Note: You should not write section headings in your answer to Task 1 in the real IELTS. We have included them here to kelp you analyse the structure of the essays. Language Study Now we will look at some important language used to describe graphs. Look at the graph in Figure 3. i ° epee i Jan Fob Mar Ape i Months Figure 3. Sales of computers, 1995 106 ELIS Feorton and Pace Here are some notes to describe the graph, 1995 — past tense Jan~Feb increased slightly Feb—Mar increased dramatically Mar Apr decreased moderately E We can write these notes in complete sentences. I ‘Time period | Subject of the] Verb to describe] Adverb to describe | sentence _|change hhow much change : From January to | sales increased slightly February From February t | sales rose dramatically March From March to | sales fell moderately, 4 April a if Stay the following table OB LB Verbs to describe T a | aa dramatically : aseine sharply | grow moderately | steadily it gradually 1 f \ Vetbs to describe b {slightly : —— | slowly t fall P_ssannRBsunAniERAaal decline b The Weegee Pfio7 EXERCISE 3 Time target — 10 minutes © Look at the graphs and write short sentences to describe the information given in each graph. There are sample answers in the Answer Key. A; Production of timber B: Enrolment numbers 400 & 200 40 pepe 200 ° SE os eee teeter raat wos feos Tow C: Washing machine sales D: Music sales Typel&ll ooo pe! 7 220 | ion casas op i ws foto as es Figure 4 Look at Figure 3 again. In describing the graph, we constructed our sentences, the following way. Subject + verb to describe change + adverb to describe the amount of change Sales increased slightly We could also express the same thing this way: Time period | ‘there’ to | adjective to noun to introduce | describe the describe the subject | amount of change | change From January | there was a } slight increase | in sales to February, From Febr dramatic rise to March, From March moderate fall to April, 1o3ff_ FETS Fenation a Pere ‘These sentences mean the same but the grammar has changed. The actions that were expressed with a verb are now expressed with a noun. Therefore adjectives are used instead of adverbs to express the amount of change. Being ible to use both forms gives you variety in your sentence structure. ‘There’ + _| article ]adjective | noun to describe change] in ‘what? Thereis slight increase «id in sales. wns slow | rise hasbeen | a | moderate| growch will be gradual | dramatic | drop decrease decline EXERCISE 4 Look at the graphs in Exercise 3, Deseribe each graph again using the noun form, ‘There are sample sentences in the Answer Key. ‘Time target —5 minutes Describing Trends Look at the following graph. 12000 g 8 Foreign Tourists 3 Ty Jan Fob Mar Apri May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months Figure 5 Number of tourists visiting a particular country The Wasing Te 109 We could stare at Janu December. However, that wou would not demonstiare your yy and describe cach month from January to just repeat exactly what the graph shows. It wlerstanding and interpretation of what the graph shows In this situation we need to describe the tends. Look at the following notes + Jan — mid-July # tests td / peak July + ly ~Sept # tsts fluctuated + Sept — Dec # trsts ~ tnd / sight Oct So we coull wite a description like this, From January there wes an ypwarl tv jn the manker of tonvsts and it reached « peak: in July. Then. roe July to Septomber the ammker of temistsflctated. Trem Sepemter te Decenher there was a devineard tri the uber of torists with a slight rive in Oro Stucly the graphs and the Janguage in Figures 6 and 7. ab There was an upward trend, _-~ There were fluctuations, ~~ Wihactuated, _-— There was a downward tend, ° 7 Figure 6 It peaked. reached a poak. 100 grew exponential, There was an exponential growth, reached a plateau. Itlevellod of. I plateaued. og Figure 7 Cars produced sssss Months (2-year period) Figure 8 Number of new model cars produced Itremained constant. The Wavng Tew [fut 5 CIs Look at the graph on car production (Figure 8) and fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase to complete the description, “There was a(n) (1 in car production for the first three months. For the next six months the number of cars produced Q) ‘Then for five months production (3) : ‘There was a slight (4) over the next seven months before it @ for the final three months. ‘Time target — 3 minutes Incorporating more data Now that you know how to desctibe change you still need to incorporate more data so that the reader can easily follow the deseription. Study th description of Figure 8, Note how more data has been included it the de tion, the first thee ments ca parton incensed fue abt fi curs pe anthers! nde 68 per mth, This was a inease of abo 35 cas produced jor the pered. Oror the nett six nents the montero eas pre heed flateted af and 3¢ cay per athe Tora period of fie ants prediction veaived at approtinntely just over $0 cam per wonth, Theve trust sliyht upward twond forthe wert seeen nwt fea peal of nearly se cars proce per snl fre preactionderresed mpi bi abet 70 cars per menth fe arsund 4 cars per th Study the prepositions in Figure 9 below. at 10 104 8 e+ : y 6 6 7 ay oat ater 2 2] 0 o Itdecreased from 10to 2, Istaried at 2 There was a drop of 8. Wpoaked at 10. It dropped by 6 Whinished at 2 Figure 9 Taf WETS epwaton and Pace eee When the graph does not show precise data, use words to express approximation. Just ought a" 1 under ny Well nearly approximately Just around a over Well about E 6 Fill in the blanks using the correct prepos! Answer Key, 1, Check your answers in the ‘Time target — 5 minutes 1 Phere was an increase 2 just over 50 thousand people. In the first decade the population remained steady approxi- mately 5 million. 3 Unemployment fell just over 500 000 people. Violence in the city peaked ____ about 1500 deaths per 10.000 people. 5. Alter an initial inerease, the city’s pollution levels remained constant 5 ppm. 6 The crime rate increased rapidly __ well over 500 incidents per ight. 7 The population is expected to grow exponentially over the next few years and then peak ___ 20 billion people. 8 For the next few months computer prices are expected to drop 50% in spite of a predicted price increase in basic electrical goods 254%. 9 ‘The production of goods is predicted to fi units per day. sh the year__ 500 10. Production began ___ 50 units per day and rose __ about 20 units per day to end the month ___ well over 600 units. The Waring Ter [ft Sentence subjects bout what is changing. ars increased!’ but "the When describing change, it is important to be ck For example, the topic is ‘cars’. We cannot say number of ears increased’, oF to avoid repetition, we can say ‘car numbers a ine Study the language below. Topic ‘The’ + measurable quantity + | Alternatives ‘of? +topic Computers | (The) sales of computers ‘Computer sales Migrants |The number of migrants Migrant numbers Land The atea of land Land area Timber (The) production of timber ‘Timber production Crime (The) level(s) of crime Crime levels EXERCISE 7 Time target ~ 3 minutes Complete this table. Topic

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