Answer all questions, each question will carry a negative of half (1/2) for every wrong answer by

simply writing true, false or don’t know.

1. Staphylococci are an arrangement of bacteria which are in a chain like.

2. A virus might have DNA and RNA at the same as their genetic material.
3. You can be infected with HIV by sleeping with a person.
4. Thermophiles are those that can grow well in very cold temperatures.
5. Extreme halophiles have adapted so well to high salt concentration.
6. HIV is a disease that causes AIDS.
7. Genital herpes can be cured.
8. Herpes simplex type -1 causes cold sore.
9. Mucous membrane, intact skin, and normal microbiota are the first line of defense.
10. Neutrophils respond when there is a bacterial infection.

Section B (20 marks)

Answer all questions.
1. Most of the female students at the University Of Zambia (UNZA) will suffer from UTIs in each semester.
a. What does the letters UTI stand for?
b. Give two reasons why UTIs are more common in female students at UNZA.
c. Using urinalysis test, explain how the results can confirm that a patient has UTI?

2. Explain with the aid of diagrams, the classification of bacteria according to size, shape and arrangement
of bacteria.

Section C (20 marks)

Q1. A young girl aged 17yrs comes to your hospital with her mother, with the following signs and
symptoms, painless sore on the vagina; her mother says the girl has never had any sexual intercourse,
when you had ask if she is sexually active.
a. What will you do to collect the much needed information from the child?
b. What body fluid will be collected for the test and what test will you order from the lab?
c. What could happen to the girl if she is not treated for the infection after two to four years?

Q2. A patient comes to you with the following signs and symptoms, painful urination, with vesicles on
the genitals, which appeared after a week of having unprotected sex.

a. From the above information collected, the infection should have been caused by HSV-2, what does the
letter HSV stand for?
b. Another type of the virus causes cold sores, what’s the name of the virus?
c. Suppose the infected person is a pregnant woman, explain what the infection can cause to the pregnancy?
d. Will the infection be cured?