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Tapanos ROPUCH BA Aonyweno Munucrepcreom ebicuezo u cpeduezo cneyuansxozo o6pazosanus YCCP 6 Kawectee yue6uoz0 nocobus dan crydextos noauepaduveckux 4 xyDomecteennvix ey308 IbBOB Hanaremerso npn JTnsovcxom ocygapeTseHHoM yHuBepcuTeTe manarembcxoro OGseaMHEHNS «Bawa wxona> 1986H. H. Tapanos 5 BBEEHHE 15 OCOBEHHOCTH PABOTHI LMPOKOKOHE4HBIM TEPOM 17 Tlonatas 0 tepmuusi 8 wpudre 23 Tlepenoa aaTuucxnx wpiibtos Ha pyccKyio ocHoBy 21 Tlonroropka Matepwanon m HiICTpyMenToR sia THCEMa 35 OcHoBHie MpHeMBI MHCBMa LMPOKOKOHeUHEIM epoM 39 JIATHHCKOE TIHCbMO a 3 HCTOPAM BO3HAKHOBEHMA TIMCbMA 49 CTAHOBJIEHME M PASBMTUE PHMCKUX UIPAOTOB 51 Kanwraneitait keanparitait upndt 59 Pycruueckoe MHCbMO 65 Yaunambtioe nucemo B Tloayysunanboe nucemo 77 IPH@TbI_PAHHEO CPEDHEBEKOBbA 9 Kaponnurckni wmnyexya 35 TOTMYECKOE TIMCbMO 87 Texctypa %3 Bacrapna 95 Porynaa 101 LlbaGaxep 105 ‘@paxry 13. 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Tian crynentos nosmrpaduyeckux H xygoxecTBeHNx BY308 Wa. 171. Bu6nworp.: 22 was. Peuensewris: ou, Kana, nexyccrsoserenua A. B. ema TCK Mi (Mockoncait nonurpadbaveckai HHCTHTYT), cr, mpen. O.A. Bexnenxo (Kappxoncxnil xyzomectsento-npomuuinennisl HCTHTYT) Penaxuns o6utectsenno-noamruveckoit ueTepatypit Ban. penaxuned XH. Copoxtei Quexrpounas nepeun: Hwan Kocapexos -y4903040000—080, B3—15—14—86 M225/04/—86 © Usnaremcxoe ofrenunenne KHIHH. Kommynncruueckas napris w ConetcKoe mpasitesmscrBo nocrosH- Ho 3a60TaTCH O pasBHTHM KHHTONSAATENBCKOrO nema. XXVI chesa KTICC, monsexnit (1983 1.) Tlaenym UK KMCC sigennyan sana- 4y HaHGonee NoaHOTO yAOBNeTBOPEHKA NOTPEGHOCTE! CORETCKHX .110- Aeit » nevaTHoH nponyKunM, OCOGEHHO XyAOKECTBEHHOH H eTCKO! autepatype. Hamewennpie anpenbcxum (1985 1.) Tlienywom LK KTICC meput, wrorn conemanna 8 LIK KIICC mo sonpocam ycxope- HMA Hay4HO-TexHHYecKoro Mporpecca (1985 r.) onpeaeanaM Bospac- TaHMe POaH HaysHO-TexHHYECKO! KHHTH, Boabuioe suavenwe aaa aampuemuero paseurun noamrpadan umeer mpmnstoe 8 1985 r. nocraHonnene LIK KIICC # Conera Mu- uncrpos CCCP «O gononusreabix Mepax 0 ykpemienMio MaTe- PMaMbHO-TEXHHYECKOH Ga3bI KHATOMMATEALCKOTO BeNa HW YCKOpeHHIO May4H0-TexHMYeCKOrO Mporpecca B NOAKTpadpAHECKOM MaMTMHOCTPOE- Hin», Kak noavepkMBaetca 8 NlocTaHowIeHHH, B ABeHaAUaTOH ns- ‘THETKE MPeCTOHT MepeBecTH BKINYCK KHIKHO-KYPHAABHBIX H3MAMH B OCHOBHOM Ha cpoToHaGop. Iro NO3BOAMT 3HAYHTEABHO YAYYUIATh ocbopMaenne evaTHbix H3MaHHi, YCKOPATD BLINYCK MpoRyKUMM, Pac- LIMPuTe accopruMeHT wipHcpToR. 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ITO MOBBIMAeT OTBETCTBEH- HOCTb MaCTepOB KYJIBTYPHI 3a HiLeiHY!O HanpaBneHHOCT’ TBOpuecTBA, XYLOXECTBEHHYIO CHY BOSHEHCTBMA MX NpOHSBeTeHHAt» *, Hospie BaxkHBIe 344M B CRETE STHX pellleHMit CTOAT H Nepen xy- AOKHMKANM KHMPH, Beith KAKJAK BHILENWAS KHMTA, (MAKAT, OTKPRITKA ROAM OTBeNATS TpeSORAHHAM BPeMeHH, OTPAKATS ero Maca, ‘Suanne OCHOBHEIX 3aKOHOMEpHoCTeli (by HKUMOHMpOBAHHA H PasBH- ‘THA UIpHihTa, OBNAsIeHHe TEOPETHYECKHMM SHAHHAMH B CHHTESe C MpaK- ‘THYECKHMH HaBbIKAMM OGeCreYHBAaeT BOSMOXKHOCTS CepbeSHOH TBOPYE- ckoii paGorti. Jia npaBHABHOrO MCNOAb3OBaHMA TOrO WIM HHOrO BHA UIpMdpra B onpeneneHHoM newaTHOM H3faHKH XyAOXKHMKY KHMTH HeO6- XOIHIMO He TOBKO OPHEHTHPOBATHCA B BONPOCAX KOMMOSHUNH, HO H ‘aHaTb McTOpHwo UpHdpTa. «AckyccTAO UIpHdpTa, He MMeTOLl{ee TpaHUMi, penko Gtisaer spentin, H mepectaer passHBaTécs KaK uipudrosas rpa~ ¢buka, KoTopan He MuleT HoBbIX opm BLIPAKeHMs,— OTMeYAeT CO- netcknii Mactep upadyra B. Toorc.— Tleproucrounuxn Hoparopcrpa B uIpHdyTOBOM HCKYCCTBE CKPHIBAIOTCH He TOALKO B AKHAMHKE HALLMX well, ROBOABHO 4aCTO NpHXOgUTCA OnMpaTbcA Ha NpoulAoe. ToBopsT, TO B HaeM Co3HAHHM cyulecTByeT OGpaTHaa CBA3b C MpOULIBIM; Mpouuioe H HacToaUIee WIPH¢>Ta, BO BCAKOM cayuae, OGbenMHALOT Gonee TECHIE CBASH, HEM TaPOByIO MAIUMHY ¢ peaKTHBHBIM ABHTaTe eM. Cash C MPOULIM siBAeTCH He TOMBKO MpeKPACHAIM CPes{CTBOM NosHaHWs 9TOXK, HOM O/HHM H3 MOCTOB MpaBKAbHOrO NOHHMAHHA cospemenuoctu. Ecan 9T0T KpHTepHit KOrNa-HAGYAb noTepseT CBOK CHAY, Mbt MepecTanem OMLyILaTs ANXaHMe BPEMEHM H HAYHeM OT Hero orerapart. Crapoe He wcuesaet GeccneqHo M3 McTOpHH mIpHdproROTO ucKyC- crea, Orpepriyroe Korqa-To Mosoli, Ha onpeserentiom orane pagBH- THA OHO CHOBA MIpencTaeT Ha MYTH MCTIOANMTeENA HM craHoBHTCA HeoBxoRMMOCTHIO? **. Mayyeume ucropan wipudra a cpoGogHoe snagenne TexHHKoi MIMChMa HEOOXOAMMO XyMOXHMKY KHHTH [IA TOUHOTO BocNPON3Rese- HM MCTOPHUECKHX CTHIeH H_XYLOXKECTBEHHO-TBOpYeCKOrO OCMBICAe- MMA KOHKpeTHUX WpHcTOBLIX sazay. SAPKUM NpHMepoM OTPAKeHHs B PHCYHKE 3HaKOB xapaKrepHEIX Mep SOXH ABIAIOTCH KAACCHHECKHE UIPHEPTHI. ITHM MOAKHO OBBAC- HHTb OPHEHTHPOBKY MHOTHX COBpeMeHHEX HaGOpHEN uIpHdros Ha BBIBepeHHBIe KACCHYECKHe OGpasiiEl. * TIporpaowa Kowmynucraveckos napran Cosercxoro Cowsa (Hosas pe- naxuis). K., 1986. C. 61 * Tore B. K. Ulpwdr xax ncxyccrso // Mutepnpecerpadux. 1981. C. 40.Boedenue Cucropneit uipuipra Teco ceasana MCTOpHA HCKYCCTBA KpacHBOrO 4 YeTKoTO NCEMa — Kaxnuepapuu, B ApeBHOCTH KaaAMrpadun WeHH- ach OCOGeHHO BHCOKO KAK MCKYCCTBO cooGuINTE rpacHuecKo- My 3HaKY 9MONMOHATBHO-CHMBOTHYECKOE SHaveHMe, NepesaTh B HEM Kak CyWIMOCTD cy10Ra, TAK M MMC H HyBCTBO Kanaurpatpa. HcKyccTBo Kpacnmoro micma GepexHo mepenaarock oT MacTepa K yueHMKy. TIucanoe cnoso — TarncmaH, a caM Mpouecc MMCaHHA — MarnyecKoe nelicTBHe, CBKAHHOE He TONBKO ¢ TEXHHMKOI, YMEHHEM H cnocoBHOCTA- MM MaCTepa, HO H C €TO LYXOBHO-HpaBCTBeHHIM O6MKOM. «I]HcbMO — reoMeTpHa Ayxa>— Buipaxenue, npHMMchBaeMoe TL1aToHY, HaHGorce naraaawo wimocrpupyer aty Mbicab. Crporme Mopansitiie Tpe6onaHina, MpexbaBaaembie K Macrepy-Kamimrpady B cpenneseKonom Hpane, 13- AoxkeHb-B , He Hapylas 3aKOHE LIpHOpTa. ITO, KOHEYHO, 3aBHCHT OT CTe~ ew ero BuptyosioctH, Tanaura MacTepa-KanTUrpadpa, ero OAYXOTBO- penwoctn. Onno GeccnopHo — Kpacnoit n YeTkot anaMrpacbHl MOx- HO OOWTECA TOABKO TOrMa, KOra MMULeW» AYWIOH HM CepAYEM> *. Cospemennas TexHMKa 3HaYHTeMbHO ycoBepuleHCTBOBAIa MeTO- ns naGopa H nevarH. CosHaHHe HOBLAX WPHdTOB HeBOIMOXHO 6e3 * Toore B. K. Ulpucpr xax ncxyccr#o. C. 40. ‘Boedenue Xopoulero 3HaHMa Toro, WTO yXe BbipaGoTaHo WenOReYeCTROM: R cose GombimMHcTRa pMCORAHHNX HM HaGopHAIxX uIpHdToB nexar Pyxonnenpie pops. Hactoaujee noco6me 3HakoMHT cTyseHTa C MCTOpMeH M MpaKTH- Koil MMCaHMR PykonMcHOrO wpHdra PYKonUCHEM HaSHiBAeTCA LIPHIDT, BHINOTHEHHBIH OT PYKH mOGKIM TMIyIQMM HHCTpyMeHTOM — jlepeRsHHOi ManoyKoH, NTWUBMM WK ‘TPOCTHHKOBLIM TIEPOM, KHCTHIO, cpAOMACTEPOM, LIMPOKOKOHEYHBIM. HUT OCTPOKOHENHBIM MepoM, WapHKOROA py4KOH H Ap. HeoGxoaumocts M3y¥eHHR MCTOpHH ulpHd>ra M npHoGperenHe MpAakTHYeCKHX HABLIKOB €TO HaMKCaHHA BHIIBAHbI CrleuMcbMKOH Mpo- qecemm xyloxecTBeHHOTO pewakTOpa M XyAOKHMKA KHHrH. PaGota XYMOXKeCTBEHHOFO pesakTopa TpebyeT cepeesHoH MOBPOTOBKH Kak B o6nactH HcTOpHH UIpHdpTa, TAK H HaBbIKOB NpakTH4ecKoit paborH. Xy- AOKECTBCHHBIN PeaKTOP OGHIAH TOMO XYHOXHUKY BLOPATS Ha- Tpannenwe ochopmrenns Gyayulero H3AaHNS, MINOKMTh OCHOBHBE TPe- Gosanus x Hemy. Bombuioe BHHMaHMe B NOCObMH yenseTCA H3yUeHMIO ATHHCKX PYKONHCHEX mpHdToB. ITO BUIBAO TeM, ¥TO JaTHHCKMi; wIpHdT MMCeT APEBHIOW HCTOPHIO H GomIbiLCE HMCTO PAsAMUHEIX BHOR, BEINOA- HAHOUIHXCA B TEXHMKE LIMPOKOKOHesHOro nepa. TMepeBom AaTHHCKHX uIpH)ToB Ha PycCKyW OCHOBY 3HauMTeNbHO pacWMpAeT aCcOpTAMeHT PYKONMCHBIX UIpHC>TOB. Ulpndhres, ssinomuaembe unpoKOKOHeNHbiM mepom, HaMGozee no- nyaspuel. AMeHHo WIMpoKoKoHeHHoe Nepo 6bi10 B AareKOM NpoULIOM ‘OCHOBHBIM OPYAMEM MIMCbMa, KOTOPLIM MB AADHEWEM BEIOAnLIMCE camble pasHoobpasnble wpacpril. B HACTORLe’ BPeMA ALIA HanHcaHHs PYXOMHCHEX uIpH>ToB HcOMBsyITeR dhuioMacTeply, KHCTH, Kpyr0- KoHewHne Mepbs THNa «PenNc> M /APYTHe HHCTPYMEHTH, C MOMOIILBIO KOTOPHX OCTHraeTcA ONpeneneHHEA rpacHueckHit opiext, 03B0- amount pasnoo6pasHTs oGpasi wpwdros. Pyxonmcusi wpudr MpHMeHAeTCA AIA OPOPMNEHHA KHHT, MOsmpABHTeTbHNX ampecos, Apurnacureabiiix GuzeT0B, GnaHkos, OTKPHITOK, HaNHcaHKs A03yHrOB, 9 Puc. 3, Konntexcnoe ospopunenue PyKonucnozo tupugme: 1—nepenaemnas peau: 2 — mumyseweet 3—usyymumya.Puc. 4 Mpunepa opopmaenus mumyasnoeo yxonuenozo upupma, Boedenue ip Paul unten aAEKCEH WOK Laisule ’ TOGO PIG sage y conencanhnncarcaienscesn ngs Trakatos, sIMCTKOB-MomHMit — ectogy, rae Tpe6yerca Guicrpora McrOHeHs, KPACOTa, ACHOCTE, IMOLHOHAMBAOCTS. Llupoxo mpumensiorca pykonucunte upuprs 18 ocbopmrenns OTMEAbHLIX OAEMEHTOR KHAPH: cyMepo6TOXRKH, TepervieTHo! KPBILIKH, THTyAbHOrO AMCTa, WMyUTHTysIa HK Ap. (pc. 3). Kaxapiit aaement ocopMiteHHs BBITIONHSIeT OnpeneTeHHyKO yuku B aHCAMGNe KHMIH, BCE BMECTe OHH MPH3BAHB MOMOYD 4ATATETIO OHST 3aMBICE ABTO- pa. OcoSenHocta mpudToRoro oopmreHHs aeMeHToR u3naHHs 6y- Ay? paccmorpentst 1Wxe. OctosHoe BHHMaHMe MPH OcbopMEHMH aneuNezo noKpUTUR KHMTH yaeaseTcs MepRoi CTOPOHKe MepervieTHOK KPMUIKM WIM O6AOXKH, KOTOpaR BLIIIOHSIeT HHKOPMALHOHHYIO, a TAKE PeKaMHYH cbyHK- uwio. Ha BHTpHHe Mara3HHa 9Ta CTOPOHKa AOKHAa NPHBsIeMb BHMMA- nue wiTatena, a7 emy onpegereMne cBeneHna o Kuure. Ha cro- POHKe H KopeliKe nepenneTHoH KPHIIKH HAH O610%KKH NOMeMIAIOTCA Ha3pauMe Kur, aMMiMH aBTopos H pyre cBeneHHA. Yersepras cropouka nepenaera wm OGTOxKH He HeceT GomBIIOM MuchopMalwonHoit M pexnaMHoit Harpy3kH, HO Bcera MonYHHeHa eK Homy crumo oopmuicHns. [Lax cosaaHHa opHrAHanbHOr ocbopmae- Hust Meperiera HM OBTOKKM XYROKHMK MoxeT HeTOMIORATH PaaHo- oSpasieiit accoprumenT mpudronux, OpHaMeHTambHLsx, Aekoparit HOIX HM APYHX CpeueTH OopMaeHHs, YUNTHRAR HasHAeHMe M BHI aaHHs. OcoGeHHOCTHIO coBpemeHHoro odopmieHna meperteToR 4H OGOXKEK sBKETCH MMpOKOE HCHOMBIOBAHHE UReTa. LoaToe Bpe- Mal Tepeniersi C TKAHEBKM TOKPHTHEM OTMHYAMHCe onHOOSpAaMEM clocoGos MevaTH H THCHEHNs, ITO MPHBOAMIO K OrpaHHEHHiO Bos- MOHOCTH Nepenayn Hs0Gpaxenis. Compemennnie BHM NevaTH TO- SBOARIOT MHOTOKPACONHO OOPMASTh M TKAHEBHE eperteTts. Ecan kanra mweer cynepoO10xky, KOTOpas BBITONHAeT He TOmBKO SALMTHYIO, HOH peKAAMHyIO GyHKIWMO, pH ohopMeHHK MoryT McHOMBIORATKCA BCE ee COCTABHBe ACTH — jIBa KAANAHA, jABe CTO- POHKM H KOpeUIOK. B 3apHcHMOCTH oT MaTepHana cynepoGnOkKH onpeenmetes criocoS nevarn m xapaxtep na0Gpaxcuis. 10Baedenue Kax 611 crynenbKoli Merxay BueuHM x BuyTpemM ocpopMoreHteM. W3MaHNA ABIRETCA Dopsay, NpencTaBAMOUMi cOGoH ACT MOTHO! Gymarn, ccbanbuoBaHHbti B OAMH CrHO H pacnomOxReHHbit Mex Mepe- MeTHO! KpBIMIKOH M G10KOM KHHTH. Dopsau, HsroTOBIAOT H3 Geno! win userHolt 6ymaru. Ha Hem MoryT MoMeulaTbca pasaMuHEte rpacH- ueckHe 91eMeHTH — uIpHdpT, PHCYHOK, OpHaMeHT, MaTepHamti, cooT- percrayioure ocpopmaenmio KHHrH. Ha copsaue MoryT 6uiTh oTmeda- ‘Tana TeKcTBL, TAGMMULY, a TAKKe ORMOUBETHIBIE HAM MHoTOUBETHBIE Te- MaTHteckHe 11M JleKOpaTHBHO-opHaMeHTabHBte HI0GpAKeHMs.CBOE- obpasnbie hopsalist Co3maloTes He TOMKO AAA H3NAHHH XyLOKECTBEH- Holt AWTepaTypbl, HO M ALIA PAIMMMHDIX CHELMANBUIX HSAANI: LET CKHX, HayHBIX, HayuHO-TOMyASpHbIX, YHEOHBIX, ATHTALWMOHHBIX. Turyavneuit suct o64HO suateTca neppoit crpannuel nanan, Ha KOTOPOH MOMeULAIOTCH BAKHDIE BIXOAHBIE CHEMEHHA OG H3AaHMH: HanaroAOBONNBIe AAHHbie, cRENeHHA 06 aRTOpaX, 3araasMe, NOA3a- TonoBouHHe AaHHDIe, BLIXoAMBE AaMHBIe (PMc. 4). Pasnuuaior onMHapHble HM qBoiHBIe THTYAbHBIE AMcTE. OnMHap- nui tityabibalt aMcT JanMMaeT TomBKo onHy (mepsyio) cTpanMuy nep- nod Terpagy u3ganna. [BoiHom THtyzbHDLt ancT MoxeT GbiTe pac- nauHuim (Cc Mepexogom ¢ oso CTpaHHUB! TeKcTa M (11K) H306pa- XeHMS Ha ZPyry!O) M PasBOPOTHEIM (Ha KaXKAOK ero NOAOCE pacto- saraeTes onpenenenHas rpyninia BHIXOAMBIX cBeneHMt). PacrauHoi ‘THTYABHBIM JIMCT MPMMeHsETCH B OCHOBHOM B MHOPOTOMHBIX HM Tlepe~ DOAK HSAHHAX. Ulpndprowoe ocpopmaenne THTysBHOTO AMcTa CBOAKTCH K TaKOMy eUleHisio KOMNOIMINAH, NPM KOTOPOM OH OTBCHALT Ger OGULEMy CMBIC-IO- BoMY H MpOcTpaHcTBEHHOMY CTpoW HaRAHKS. KOMNOSHIMOHHaR CHAab ‘TuTyBHOFO ANCTa ¢ OBNOKOH HAN MeperLieTOM MIpoABIsETCH B Pacrio- AOKEHMH oMeMeHTOB, Xapakrepe upucpra. [lia Gonee TecHoi cBa- 3H C BHYTPeHHNM OCPOPMTEHHEM pce esIEMEHTE! ero KOMMOSHIKKH CTpost B npeslenax yCTaHORNeHHOTO AAR KHATH dopMaTa MOAOCK Ha- Gopa. Cpenn Gosuoro pasHooSpasMa BapHantos pacrionoxeHus SeMEHTOB THTYABHOFO HCTA Ha CTPAKHUE MOKHO BLILEAHTL TPH OCHOBHLIX KOMNOSMUMONNMX MpMeMa: CHMMeTpHUHDii, aCHMMETpHY- wei, cMewanuli (pac. 5). Upadpronoe opopmaenne THTysbHOTO ACTA MoxeT GorTb Camb. pasnooSpasHbm. IIpx stom Gompuioe sHMMaHKe creayeT yaenaT TIPaBHAIBHOMY CMBICIOBOMY ‘WIEHEHMIO CTPOK HAANHCH, BICARA Tas Hoe H propoctenentioe. Kpome uipscproanix cpencts npH ocpopme- HMM THTYAbHOTO sIMCTA C YeeXOM MOTYT McMOABSOBATECA OPHaMeHTH, I Puc. 5 Kownosuyuon ye npuewss snocmpoenis ‘useem pus wempusmi,Boedexue AOPOrUE PEBSTA! s V3AATEAbCTBO . MAAbIW“ linn BDINYCKAET AAA BAC: é Me KHUTH, KHUDKKH = MPPYUKM, ee , UPMbl, HrpbI, vacate | OD TOFMA MAEM AABBOMb! CAMOAEAOK, oneness OOgCKIy AAbGOMD! sypnenen AAA PACKPAWUBAHIR, snnamtic wie TEPEBOAHDIE KAPTHHKH, cnansnaeaat ; . an yocwb KANEHAAP ,.2BE 3A0NKA, i oeasieei KYSUKI. rpocnerme usdamenvemea Mana. AMHEHKH, PAMKH, TeMaTHYECKHe PHCYHKH. FIpHMeHeHHe TX HIM HHBIX AOMOAWMTETBHBIX CpeRCTR OcHOPMACHHA 3ARNCHT OT TeMB M RIAA HALA Nia, OT aMbicna M HeAH xyAoKHHKa. Milorga TeKcT 3aHUMaeT Bech ‘THTYAbHBIA PASBOPOT, HHOF/a HACTS THTYABHOTO pasRopoTa 3aHHMaeT uipuir (o6suHo TpeTsio CTpaHMUy H3zaHHA), a YacTh — H306paxKe- nue (YacTo noprpeT aBTopa Ham MaMOCTpaUNs, PackpHBaIOUaR CO- nepRanne KHurK — dpoxrucnuc). Tipx wasumn 8 Knire THTyABHOTO pasvopoTa nepsax crpaHMua knnrH ocraerca csoGomHol. Crpannua n3qanna, oTaeamoulas cbopsat oT THTYaBHOFO pasRopoTa, HastiBaeTcA aeanTury.noM. [Lan XynOxeCT- BeHHOTO OchOpMAeHH aBANTHTYA MCHOMBSYeTCH PenKO, HO Ha ITO CTPAHMlle MOXeT MOMEULATKCR HSATEMBCKAR MapKa, SMHTpadh, NOCBR- yee, HaNMeHoRaune cepa H 1. 1 U1nyyrurya — erpyktypHbii aneMent W3naHHA, npencTaBnaoUHi coGoi OTMeAbHBIH MCT, Ha He¥eTHOH CTopoHe KoTOPOrO MoMeU\aIOT 3armase poMsseeHHs, KPyNHWe PYGPAKK, SnMIpadsl, WUUOCTPA- MH H KHIOKHBIe ykpamlenns. Kpome pasleaMTenbHoi, uMyuTHTya BUMOMNReT H COepxaTeNbHO-cMEICOBYIO dyHKLUMIO. TIpH ocbopute- HMM IMyWITHTY:1a BOIMOAKHO MPHMeHeHME lReTa, OPHAMeHTATKHRX Mo cloKeTHEX HB06paKeHHit. K anementam OopwsieHiia KHHTH MOKHO OTHECTH TAKKE Haas Hble NosOce! FAB M NACTE!, a TAKE CTPAHHU, CONEPAKAMINE BBIXOA- Hoe AanHEe. Tipx ocbopmaenmn wanaHHi creayeT npHnepxMnaTacn 7H60 NpHH- una noptopenua pucyHKa wpacra aM6o npxHuKTa ero passHTHs. Oanoo6pasne nosTopaWULerocs UIPHtpTa MOAHO HECKOABKO OXHBHTD MIpHMeHEHMeM BTOPOA KPACKH, H3MeHEHMeM MPOnOpUsit HAM HaknOHa Gyxs. Passurue picykka wipadbra NpoucxoaMT npx mlepexone OT onHO- TO SneMeHTa KHHTH K APYTOMY, HaNpHMep, OT MPonwcHOro HavepTa- Hua Ha TepenneTHoH KPHINKe K CTPOUNOMY 11M KypcHBHOMy — Ha DHYTpeHHMX OneMeHTaX KHHTH. Xapaxtep M PHCYHOK UIpHipTa MOKeT HIMEHATECA B 3aBHCHMO- TH oT ero HasHavena. Hanpamep, uipydr, npeanasHaventiti, 218 12Boedexue THcHeHHA Ha TKaHesOM neperttere, Byer oTAMYaTECA OT wIpHK>TA [LIK THTYABHOTO AMCTA PAHOM CBOHCTB, NPOAHKTOBANHEIX TEXHOTOTHMECKH- MH OcOSeHHOCTAMH MeyaTH (KOHTpeBHOe HAM GrHHTOBOE THCHEHHE, cocras Kpacx#, «axtypHocts» wpacpra). UlMpoxo npumensetcs pykonucHwi wpydr np odopmennn unuyuaxos (6yxeuy)—nepssix nponMcHex Gyke TeKcTa wanaHHa. Huorga serpewawrcs KHHrH (vamje Bcero 9To M3qaHHA AIK Rete), TeKCT B KOTOPHX HANHCaH OT pykH. 3fecb savactyw coxpanseTcs equi crib GxaronapA MCTONS3OBAHKIO ORHOTO WIK HecKOMKHX CXOAMBIX HO pHCYHKY wIpHEpToB. OnpenereHHy!o CLOKHOCTe MpencTaB- ARET HCTIOMBIOBAHHe B LIPHDTOBOM OCOPMIIEHHM KHHTH HCTOPHUECKHX xaos wpxdra. B arom cayuae Heo6xonMMO NaitTH TaKOe PewleHHe, MIpH KOTOPOM HcromsoBaHMe cTapHx opm wpHipTa He BETO Goi K aj XaWYHOCTH BCero OdopMeHHa. B To Ke BpeMsa NlepepaGoTKa HcTOpH- YECKHX BHHOB UIPHEpTOB He NOAXHA MPHROANTD K YTPaTe HALMOHANE- MBX H MCTOPHYECKHX NePT KaxOrO UIpACbTa. TIpx sisGope upucpra yuurumaiores ace anemenra KHHPH. PucyHoK mpudra, cornacopanibit c OpHaMeHTanbHBIMM yKpauleHHaMM, WI AVOCTPAMAMH H HAGOPHEIMH 3HeMeHTaMH, NOSBOMNeT AyHUIe PACKPHITS OMOXy WIK XapaKrep MponspemeHHa. Tipu suiGope Toro WAM MHOrO BHA WPH‘>Ta XYLOKHHK OpHeHTH- PYeTCR Ha ONHO M3 eFo FTABHX KAYECTR — BLIpAsMTeBHOCTD, COCOB- HOCTE KaK MOXKHO Gonee NOAHO H TONHO PACKPLITS COMEPKAHHE KHHTH. Kax yxe oTMe4anocb, PYKONMCHBL LIpHEpT IIKPOKO MPHMeHAeTCA 3 WLOCTPHPOBAHHBX MACCOBO-MOTHTHYECKHX AKYPHAIAX THNa «Oro Hex», «Kpoxomw7, «PaGorHnua>. OH xopoulo coveraeTcs ¢ pasmHN- MBIMH HaGOpHEMM LIPHc>TAMM, OAXHBARA CTPAHMUy WH pasBopor. B 3a- BMCHMOCTH OT COREPKAHMA PaccKasa HAM PYOPHKH, XYLOKUKK Bub Paer Opyave NucbMa, KOTOPOE AaeT OMIpenesIeMHHIM PHCYHOK wpHdhra, oTpeuaioulMi XapaKtepy NoBecTBOBAHMA. 37ecb HArMALHO BHAHM BCC Tpenmyutectea pykomMcHoro wpHdpra, crlocoGHoro BM3bBaTb y YHTa- Tena OnpeneneHHiie 2MOUMH (PHC. 6). Haxosmr caoe npamenenue pyxonucutiit upmcbr » rasete. XapaxtepHoi ocoGennoctswo raserti amigetca MHorooGpasHe pas- AMUHOTO MaTepHana, NoMeulaemoro Ha KaxKMOA Nonoce. Sanaya odpopM- JEHBK TAXOTO MaTepMAA JaKMOYAETCR NPEMIE BETO B TOM, TOO TOMO HTaTeMO Aaxe MPH GertoM ocMoTpE BLILENHTS HaNBonee BaxHOe HW wHTepecyioulee ero. TaKoe pewleHMe raseTHOM monocEL MOCTHP@ETCA NPABHBHLIM BLIGOPOM opMaTa H KOMYECTBA KOOHOK, Paconoxennem wxMcTpalIMit. HanGoree BaxHylo pomb aneck urpaeT upucrosce odopmaeune. B otamine ot wpydprosoro ocbopmacnna KHIM OcHOBHOE BHHMAHHE Ha TaseTHOH MonOCe yenseTCH He CTORD- KO PHCYHKY UIPHd)Ta, CKONEKO ero yAOGONHTAeMOCTH H BLIpAsHTenb- nocTs, TIpH BuUIeTeHHM onpeReEeHHOR HHcopMaNHH cneayeT YuHTE- Bath BaXHOCTD MaTepHaa, MHAYe ManO3HaUNTeNbHBI JMTepaTyp- bili MaTepHa MOXeT CAT CAMBIM AKTHBHBIM MeCTOM rageTHl. IIpH- MeHenMe opHrHHambHtsx uipHdhTos wenecooSpaano B pasjese pekiame BakHoe MECTO OTBOAMTCA LIPHKpTY B TLIaKaTaX — peKaMHBIX, o- AMTHMECKHX, NPOHSBONCTREHHEIX, arHTANMOHHENK H Ap. TeKCT Ha niaKa- Te AOMKeH ObiTb OcOGeHHO 3aMeTHLIM, PaCCHHTAHHbIM Ha GbicTpoe 3ano- muuanne. Tlogtomy 8 miakaTe Hcnombayiorca ocobeHHO KOHTpaCTHBIe wpe. [na cospemenHoro miakata xapakTepHa OXxonunBocTD KOMMO3HUMH, APKOCTb KPACOK, yMaiHoe MpHMeHeHHe cororpacun. 13Boedenue K nexwxnpim puja mosurpadwseckoh mpoxykumn Kpome Maakara OTHOCATCA GyKeTHL, HMEIOUIHE CAOKHYIO dabIOBKy, BCe- BOIMOXHME THCTORKH, TeaTpambHBIe MpOrpaMMbl, GHAeTH, pasiM'- ble NOAGOPKH JMCTOB, OTKPBITKM HT. 2. (pic. 7). B GomburHHcTBE CBOEM HEKHWXKHBE RUjLhI TOAMTpa:HYECKO NPORYKUMK BLINONHSIOT Pexiamuyio dynxwno. B nonmrpadum Masodopmatian npoayx- Nua — oTHKeTKH, GuteTH, GAHKH, ACTOBKH, OTKPETKH H TOH6- ble W3ZaHHA OOPeAMHAIOTCA MOA OOUIMM HasBAHHEM — Mabe 1O- anrpacbuueckne cpopmis. TomKo orxputox exeroqio » CCCP W3RAeTCH KONO YETHIPEX MIUUIHOHOB 9KseMmIRpos. Yeermvene BuInycka NpoayKUHH NoZoGHOTO BAA TpeSyeT NoBNMEHHA HX Hzei- Wo-xyHOKECTBEHHOTO YPOBHA M KAYECTBa NoN«paiHYecKorO McnOA- HeNHA, HOBBIX PHCYHKOB WpHTOB. PeKaMHBIE H3LAHMA HM aKUM- AeHTHBIE COpMbI He ComepKAT NpocTpaHHbAx TeKCTOB — HM HeO6KO- AMM BoIpAIHTeATBHBI, AeTKO UnTAeMBIA WIpMc>T. Ba¥acTyI ORHO C10BO Wan 6yKBHLUa, BLINOAHEHHBIe OPHTMHATbHBIM PyKONHCHBIM IIpHA>TOM, MoryT 3HauHTeNbHO YAY'NLIHTS H9gaNHe MOLoGHOrO THNA. Hecmorpa Ha Hanmune coppemenHoit TexHMKH HaGopa w neyaTH IHXOAMTCR KOHCTATHPORATE, HTO THNOTpAdHA eule He B HOCTaTONHO‘t Mepe oasaeT KpaCHBBIMH H BAPASHTETBHLIMA WpHcpramu. B cBasH ¢ DTHM BOspacTaeT SHAYEHHE BLIPASHTENDHBX PYKONMCHRIX LIPHDTOB, NcnloabsoRaHHe KOTOPHIX cHocoBcrayeT COIaHHKO OOTHMTETBHKX suIpasHTeAbHEIX BosMOAKHOCTEM. Pa3Hoo6pa3ve pyKOnucHbIX WipAdpTOB NpaKTHYECKH HeOrpaHH4eHO, gocturaetea ovo Gnaronaps HCNOMEsOBAHHIO PasMMUHLIX HHCTPyMeH- TOR, HOMEHEHMIO MIOTHOCTH, HaKTOHa, MponOpUit, KUPHOCTH, HeKO- PaTHRHOCTH oAHOTO M Toro Ke wipHdra. [na KAKsON OnpeReTeHHO' eH XYAOKUMK MOKeT COIMaTb COOCTREHHEIA IPH, COOTBETCTBYIO- WM ComepxKAHMO H HagHaNeHMO U3qaHMs. PykonucHBIe uIpAdTEE PesKO OTAMUAIOTCH CROMMH rpaPHYeCKHMH OCOGEHHOCTIMM OT pHCO- BAHHUX M HA6OPHAX WIpHd>TOR, OHM XapaKTepHayloTcs GLicTpOTO! HCnOaHeHHA H rpacbHNecKo cBEXECTEIO.TLL aN. UL VAN TM NULL nepomCywecteyer nate dobpodereneu; ecau ux He 6ydeT 6 nucoMe, Bott MacTepoM 6 nuCbMe COzNaCKO pasymMy — deno GesnadexHoe: Touxocte, oceedomnenue 6 nucbMe, Oo6porHocte pyku, Tepnenue 6 nepenecenuu tpyda u cosepmeHcTéo nUCbMeHKOO cHapaxenua. Ecau us atux natu 6 odHoM npousoidet nedoctarox, He nonyuutca noarb3vi, XOTb ctapaiica cro net. Kasu-AxmenOco6exxoctu pabotet UUPOKOKOHeYHbIM NepOM 2 06-5 A AAA MOHATHA M TEPMHHBI BT a dda B LIPA®TE B Teopun WcKyCcTBa LIpHipTa CTOAKMINCS ONpesereHHEIe TO- THA H TEPMHHBI, TPABATHOe MOHMMAHKE KOTOPBIX TOMO KET HAUHHAHOMIEMY XYAOKHMKY uIpHc>ra pasobpareca B oco- Genmoctax MOcTpoeHHA M COSMAHHA GyKBEHHNX 3HAKOB M uagnuceii. PucyHox 100i GyKBbI MMeeT cBOW XapaKTepHy! copy. Pagsmuiioe onlomHenbHoe Te CTPOMTCA M0 ONeHB npoctoH cxeme —npuBeneHMem —MHOTHX oneMeHTOB GyKS K OAMHAKOBLIM BepTHKaNaM. Tpumepom npoctoro putma s uipadpre Moryt Cay KTS oGpasusl CTapocnaBANCKMX wIpAd- Puc. 10 Top (yctas, noayycras, Bass) (pyc. 15). cops B onoxy Bospoxenna Gun paspaGoran ‘oomoanex caoxxttetit pHTM MlocTpoeKMs mpHdbros. PurM tumpuxoa Gyxe c KaccHYecKHMH TpOMOpLMAMH OTHO- Feeney curexbHo cnoKoituni Gnaronapa yeroiun- yxove BOCTH H PaBHOBECHIO BCEX IEMEHTOB, XOTR Y WINPOKHX M CBepXiNMpOKHX GykB pATM Hanpasxeu no ropH3oWTam, a y y3KHX 6yxe — no wepruxann. Kaxsan 6yxna, coxpa- nas oSuysit mpmsyen mocTpoeHKa scero anasuta, npHo6peraer cxoe MANMBHAyaRE- Hoe supaxenne. PurMnueckne Coveralls OTAEbHEIX 2u1e- Puc. 1. MeHTOB GykB BAKAIOT Ha PHTM BCETO TIPEAO- eee >xexus M Hagnuc. Bnaronaps mpasnnsiomy ‘yemoixusoems PHTMHYECKOMY MIOCTPOCHHIO MEX MOEM 2e- —. JaTb efO MEJVIEHHBIM WK OLICTPHM, TaB- ce sxeuenmos. HEM 1UIM CKayKOOSpASHEM. PHTM He TOKO 18Momoraet “TeHHWO, HO H cosaeT onpemeneH- Hult o6pas copa, sanevatnesaiouniicn B na- MATH YemOBEKa. B ycranosususeiica dpopme Gyxs pasan- MalOT WUTPUXU M OyZu, KOTOPKIE, COELMHARCE exay co6oli, 3aHMMaloT onpeneneHHoe 110- TOXeHHE H BLITLOAHAIOT pasmMuntte byHKLK (pac. 16). B sanucuMoctn oT nos0xeKHA, KOTOpOE SAHHMAIOT LITHXH B NPOCTpAHCTBE, HX MOX- Ho MoRpasmenHT> Ha RepTHKambHBIe, rOpH- souTanbHMe M HaKIOHMe, B saBHcHMOcTH OF BIOAHAEMOM CYHKUMH MITPHXH REAATCR Ha OCHOBHBIe H BTOpocTenteHHBe (CoeRMHH- ‘TembHBIe, RONOAKMTEABHBIE). Ocuosntie mitpuxn 6yKBb HecyT Ha cebe KoneTpykTHMBHyi0 cbopmy. OGsNHO OCHOBHELe BepTHKambHBIe H HAKMOMHBIe LITPHKM — MIM- POKHE 8 OTMIMSHE OT FOPHIOHTAADHEIX, KOTO- Pile MHINYTCR TOHKO, ecaH 9TO He MPOTHBOPE- aur ocoGennocram sero mpudra. Hanpx- Mep, JAAR PYCTHKH XapaKTepHB LIKPOKHE TO- PwSOHTAMBHBe WTpHXH. TopusonTanbibie LTpHXH ABIAOTCH 10- TOTHMTeNBHEINN Mi COBTanaKoT ¢ aMHHeH nucema (pic. 17). K ponommirenbitim uTpHxam OTHOCRTCR TaKxKe HaKTIONHBe LITPHXH. OHM BCTPEYaIOT- ca 6ykeax H, M, 2K, xarmucxux Z, W, Y,N. CocananressHtimn —UITpHxane BAOTCR UITPHXH, COEAMHALOUINE OCHOBHEIE UTpuxH. PasnMuaioT TopHsoHTaMbHbIe Co- eanumrenbrete mrpaxn w 6yxsax A, JI, H, 11, Hy, UL, Ui, 10 « naxxonnite coeaMHMTemnbHBIe umpixn 8 Gyksax H, M, 2K. Cocamburrensitinn uiTpHxann 8 Hagnucy wasHBAIOT UITPHXH, CoemMHAOMMe GYKBEL Taxne mITpHXH BCTPEYAWTCR TOAEKO B cbop- max wipacproB cBASHOTO MHCbMa. Yepedosanue ur puxoe 6 Bykaax choxM- JOCh MOR BMHAKHEM PYKONMCHOM TEXHHKH. Tlo wso6petexna KHMronevaTaHns OcHOBHEIM opyanem nucbma 6tu10 repo. B sasHcHMocTH oT HaxHMa M HaNpaBneHHs ABHXXeHHA Tepa ITPHXH MOTYYATHC YSKHMH (TOHKHMH) HH ‘wmpoKnmn. TpalMUMOHHO BepTHKanbHbe H WAKAONHNE WITPHXH, HAYUIMe CpaRa Haeno HHS, WIMPe FOPHSONTATBHBIX H HAKAOHHX, MAyINMX caeBa HanpaBo BBepx (puc. 18). VickmoveHvem sBAGOTCH HavepraHis HeKO- ‘Topux uiTpHXoR ByKB MM IK. Uctopuyecks CHOXMBMeCCH epeROBAKHE LIMPOKHX YOKHX wTpuxos » Gykwax Henan CuHTaT He- nast- Honsrua w repmunes ABBI JEEK3H AKJIMHOUPCT VY@O@xQUIMMB BIBIIOAabez0ee x 3uuKIMHONpem YPXYAUWSUGIOA MaMenHuM. B apropcKHX xynoxecrBenHH upucprax gonycTumo oTKIOHeHHe OT HCTO- pHYeckH caoxMBULeroca MpHiWina nHcaHAA. Ayeu u oxpyknoctu aasiorca a1emex- tamu Syke O, C, P, B, 6, 10, A, 3, 3, ®, BI, b. Oxpyraute dbopmes 6yxe m pacnonoxe- HMe HanTUBOB ONpeneAMOTcR xapaKTepom Gyxmu O. Harman » Gyxnax c oxpyrmunn aneMenTaMH 3aHKMaloT paaHuHoe Mo1OKe- uve. HanGonee axTasHo BocnpaHumawrca vanmspsi 8 Gyxsax C, O, 3, ®. Onn onpene- JMOTCH B OCHOBHOM XapakTepom mpudra H gapucat or yraa nepa. Hanaupy B 6yxsax B, B, P, b, b, bl cornacomusawres » uavepra- MMH pachonOxenMM © HaniimaMM Oxpyr- 19 Puc. 12, Byxoa ‘mepsem ‘yemotausocms npu caewenuu pu. Puc. 13, B saaucunocmu ‘om pacnoaoxe- nus coedunu mexsuex wmpu- x08 Gyxow puobpemarm amosopnocms dauxenua. Puc. 14, unasuuxnocms munozpagperux ‘maKxonneax u Kypeuemsex upugmos.Puc. 15. B upugme pum wpupma ‘coeden x cepmuranu. Puc. 16, Bykeennse cocmoxm us pasauwneex ombuxayuil ‘umpuxos 1 dy Puc. 17. Topusonmaxv- ne wimpuxu 6 ‘ca0bodno ua oxpanwen- earomes sepmu- Pabora twupoxoxoneuntist nepom cc Wwe oO i 20 ea “wf ° awix Gyxs (pic. 19). B sapncumocta or pas- Mepa HamLtbisos HaMeHseTCR ycTomuMBocT® yk, Hx amnaMnKa, Buyrpubykeenntu npoceet — 9t0 11p0- CTpaHCTBO MeXMY OCHOBHEIMH UITpHXaMH Gykwu. BuyrpaSyxnentti npocner y paste unpacpron HeonMHaKos. Tax, » roTHuecKoM uipndpte TeKctypa BAYTpHOyKBeHHEIH mpo- cBeT PaweH TOAMMHE OCHOBHOTO wTpHxa. Tip HeSombutom BHyTpHOyKBeHHOM npocBe- Te M HOPMaNBHOH TOMUIHE LITPHXOB MIPHdT BMINIAZNT Y3KUM, BUTSHYTHM 110 BePTHKAIN. Tipu yseaniennn suyTpHOyKBenHoro npocee- Ta GyKpbt BocHpHuHMaroTCs Gos1ee IKPOKH- Mi W OKpyra1IMH, PasMep BHYTpHGyKBeHHO- ro mpocsera mAMseT Ha HactumeHHocTs upupra. 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Ha- TIpHMep, B FpeYECKOM H_PHMCKOM KamMTaLti-Toustua u repmunes HOM, a TAKE B CTAPOCAABAHCKHX wIpHdpTax C1084 M MpeaTOKeHHA nucanHce caNTHO, 6e3 niTepBasios, B rOTHYECKOM UIpHcbTe pac- CTORHHE MEXAY CTORAMH OeHD MareNbKoe Tipa wanucaunn rexcra cnova cnenyer pacnonarats Tax, TOG MexaycroBHbie PACCTORHHR REPXHeH H HHKHEH CTpOKH HE copliaiain M He OGpasosbiBanH WM neCTHHBI, MelaONUMe “TeHIIO 1 Toprsuwe suewnnii ona HanHcaHNoro rexcta, B pykKonHcHOM upHdre store MOxKHO ws6exarTe, Samora npoGesH KOHUEBLIMK UrpHxamn GyKB WK NPHMeHsS JeKopaTHn- ule pocuepKH. S3HauMTeNbHYIO pow B puTMHUecKoit oprannaaulMH cx10RA MH CTPOKM HrpaioT abt nocnbte 9aeMenTeL (BEPXHHE M HILKHHE) 6yxB uipupra, Onn cnoco6crayior yanana- nmio OyKBBI MH cayKaT Kak Gb onopHbiMH HYHKTaMM pH JBWOKEHMM rasa HO CTpoKe. B naruncxux upucprax pemaiouryio pose 8 yaoGounraemocra caoB urpaior Bepxnue BUHOCHBIe oeMeHTH GykB, B —pyccKoM — HwKHHe. 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CoorHomie- Me H Hayepranne mosyoKpyxkHocTeit CoBra~ naet ¢ WavepTaHHem mpaBoit cTopont! 6yk- ou B. Vi, fi newt onmaxoeuit pucyHox # onmuawres Tomko Hanmunem B 6ykse A AMaKpuTHYecKoro 3Haka. BykBbi COcTOAT H3 25 Puc. 29, Saenenmes, us Komopux nponucnste (1) w empownne (2) Gyeow aamun. 1 pycexozo asgacumos.Pagora wupoKoKonewnvia nepom ‘Tpex WITpHXoB — pByx ReprHKamBHBIX OCHOBHEIX LITPHXOB M LOTIOMHMTeMIBHOTO Coe AMMATEMBHOTO HAKAOHHOTO WITPHXa, CoesH- HsOUIerO HHKHMH KOHEL Mepsoro UITpHXa HM BepxHMit KOHeu BToporo wTpHxa, To no- crpoenmo 6yxea H amisetcs 3epxanbitim ‘OTpaxkeHHeM saTHHCKOH GykBbi N, HOC XMp- DIM OCHOBHBIMH I!TpHxaMH. K coctowr 3 Tpex o1ementos: epri- KAbHOTO OCHOBHOTO LITPHXA H JIBYX HAKIOH- MBIX ONOAHHTENBHBX WTPHXOB, COCAHHsIO WMxXcH B paiioHe onTHuecKo cepenHHEL 6yxsw. [lo Havepranmo maTHHcKaa mM pyc- ckas Gyxsu K nomuocrsio copnaqaior. B pyc- cKOM acbasnre 6yxBa K aanaeTcs OCHOBHBIM opeHTHpOM. pM mocrpoeHHH GykBDI DK. J mmcer asa ocHoBHEIX HaNepTaHHA 8 PYCCKOM ancbaBHTe H COCTOHT M3 ABYX WIM TPex OCHOBHBX dteMeHTo. Ecan GykBa JT COCTOHT M3 BYX 9MeMeHTOR, TO CROHM Ha- Nepranwem Hariomuniaet Gyxaui Au JI, 10 6e3 AOMOAMMTERbIKIX COEAMHMTENbHEIX UITpH- x0 M swasercs caoxHol no HavepranMio Gyxwoi, coctonumelt W3 YeTHIpeX anemeH- TOB — ABYK BEPTHKAMBHBX H [BYX HaKTOH- mux urTpwxos. Hitoraa Gyksa cocrour 4 43 MeTUIpex HaKOHNBIX aAeMeHTOB. To Havep- anno 6yksa M pyccxoro anpasra 10AH0- cTbio cosmagaer ¢ Gykwoit M aaTHHcKoro anbapura. H cocront 43 Tpex omemenroa — MBYX BEPTHKAIBHX OCHORNKIX UITPHXOB ‘Onto rop3oHTamsHoro —jonoannTeaD- Noro UITpHXa, COeaMHMIOUIETO OCHOBHBIE uirpaxn Gyxebi. To Haveprannio 6ykea H pycekoro anasnra omHocTHIO comnanaeT ¢ naTuHckoit GykBoi H. © npegcrasnset co6oi oxpyxnocrs. Pacnonoxenne Hanmisos sapncnt or yraa vaxsoua nepa, Havepranne 6ykesi O 8 1a- TWHCKOM H PYCCKOM ahasiTe OnMHAKOBOE. 1, xa w-H, coctowr #3 rpex a7enex- TOB— ABYX BePTHKANBHBIX OCHORHEX OAHOTO AOMOAHMTeABHOTO CoemMuMTENLHOTO urpaxos. Ho B otamune or Gyxan H coe- AMMWTeAbHBIH UITpHX pacrlonoxeH BBepxy 6ykpus. B narunicKom anbasure GyxBHs, CxOR- voit mo HavepranmMio c GykBoit TI, Her. P coctout 43 jByx ocHopHBix oneMen- ‘ToB — octosHoro BeprukabHoro WTpHXa 1 noayoxpyxnocta. To Havepranmo Gykna P connagaet c aarHucKoit P, 26 C npeucrasaset coGoH nomyoKpyxkHocTb. Tipu nanucanua Gyxee C ceayer opuentH- posarica na Gyksy O. Byxeis C pycckoro C narHHcKoro anpaswron nonHocTsio cosna- nawor 10 Haepraxmo, T mpocta 8 Haeprannn m coctont H3 ABYX WITpHXOB — OcHOBHOTO BepTHKaTbHO- TO M AONOAHHTeRBHOTO ropHsoHTambHOro, PacomoxKeHHOrO BBEpxY OCHOBHOTO UITpH- xa, Mpapas vac Gyka T cxoxa c 6yknoii TP’ pycexoro anhasira, a nepax sasnsercn SepKanbHbim ee oTpaxeHHem. Byxsnt T AarnicKoro u T pycckoro andasntos uMeIoT ‘onmHakoBoe Havepranne. Y weer Heckonbko HayeptaHit B pas- AWUHBIX TapHUTYpAX H PHCOBAHHDIX WIpHK- vax. Tpoctefiumee nayeptanne 6yKBn co- CTOHT M3. ABYX NeMeHTOB — HaKAONHOrO OCHOBHOTO LITPHXA HM HAKNOHHOTO AOnOAHH- TeNbHOTO, COEMMHEHHOTO C OCHOBHLIM He- CKONEKO HHDKe OnTHYeCKOH cepeaHuBI. B apy- rom sapvanre Gyksa Y Meet ueTsipe co- cTaBHbIx aemenTa. B aaTHHCKOM wpHdre avanora 6yxem Y pyccKoro anasuta Her. ® coctout M3 Tpex anementos — octio Horo BepTHKanbHOrO WTPHXA WH AByX M10- ayokpyxkuocrei. Bykpa cumMerpuunas. [To TlocTpoeHMW Mpanas ee cTopona HMeeT CxO crwo c Gyksok P. B aarmicxom uipudre GykBbl, CXoAHOH Mo HavepranMio c GyKROH ©, ner. X coco M3 mByx OcHORHNX ameMeH- TOB — WAKAOHHBIX, MepeceKajoUMxcA He- KOKO BBILIE TeOMeTPHYECKOH cepenHHE. UITpHXOB. CBOHM pHCyHKOM CxomHa ¢ a- THHcKO X. IL coctout wa tpex anementon — anyx BePTHKAAGHBIX OCHOBHEIX WTPHXOB 1 OfH0- TO flonoaHHTenbHoro —ropH3oHTanBHOro, COeAMHAIOWUErO OCHOBHE B HWAKHEH AMHMK uipHd>ra M HeCKOEKO BHICTyNALoWlero BNpa- wo. Yacto 9Tor sbicTynaoumi wrpAx oopmasercs saceuxoli. B naTHHcKoM ancanwre 6ykpbl, avanoruunoit pyccKoii ByK- se Ll, ner. Y cocronr m3 ayx anemenToB — ocHoB- Horo BepTHKAMbHOrO ITPHXa H AByX sLOr1O.1- nurrenbubix. Byksa acHMMeTpHNHas, OTKPBI- ‘Tan snewo. [lo KOHCTPYKTHBHOMY peeHMIO Gyxwa 4 moxoxa na Gykey H 6e3 Knell wacTH OcHoBHOrO eBorO WTpHXa, CxORHO- TO c 6ykBow 4B MaTHHCKOM ancbapnte 3HaKa er. . ‘Marepua. 4 uncrpymenres UL, LU oven mpoctaie 8 cBoeM KOHCTPYK- THBHOM peuleHHM GyKBI — TPH OcHOBHUX BepTHKAMBHEIX IIITPHXA COCAMHEHE BHHSY ropwaonTanbiim. BykRe cHMMeTpHuHB. B. AATHHCKOM uIpHdbre ananorHaHoro GyKBeN- oro 3Haxa Her. Byksa LL oranyaetca or Gyxeui IM Tomko HecKOnBKO y/IMHEHHBIM BTpaso 9aeMeHTOM ropusoHNTanbHOFO pax. b, b, bl caoeii koncrpyxtasHoii ocHone apamotca nepesepryToi 6yksoi P. Byxea b coctont, Kak 4 P, m3 AByx 91eMeHTOB — OcHoBHOrO wepTHKANEHOrO WITpHXa H m0- ayoxpyaxHoctH. Ho €ciH NOAYOKPYAKHOCTD B Gyxse P coenuisetcs C OCHOBHBIM WITPHXOM a nepxueit uactn 6yxa, TO » Gyxsax b, 'b, Bl—p nwxneit, Byxost ‘b, bl umewr s0- noaMMTenbHiit uTpHx. B 6yxBe 'b ror ro- PHIOHTANBHBIA §=KOPOTKHA UITPHX COeqH- HseTCH C OCHOBHBIM UITPHXOM B BepxHeit ero 4acTH M HanpaBieH Bebo. B Gyxse bl qonoanMTenbubi TpeTHii anemenT npes- crapiaet co6oi ocHosHol Beprukanpntit WTPHX, pacnonoxKeHHBI PasOM C GyKBOi b. Tlouo6Hex sHaKos B saTHHCKOM anbani- re wer. 3—oxpyras Gykna, cocrosmias. M3 aByx9leMeHTon — nonyoKpyRHOCTH RONOAMTEsBHOrO TOpHSOHTANBHOTO. UITpH- Xa, MOMeUlaeMoro BHYTPH NOAYOKPYxHOCTH. Bykpa orkpbitas aeno, B raTuncKom ana- BuHTe MOXOXKeH Mo PHcyHKy GykBbI HET. YO cocrour 3 Tpex 9aeMeHToB — OKpyKHOCTH, OcHOBHOrO BepTHKaTbHOrO AONOAHMTeNbHOFO FOpASOHTANBHOTO UITpH- xos. Topw30HTambHEit MononHMTeAbHBI WTPHX CORMMHACT OCHOBHOM WITPHX oxpyxnocrs. [px neperose uipudpra c sa- TWHICKOI Ha pyceKyIo OcHOBY MPH coaaHKH Gyxen KO caeayer opmentaposareca na Gyxsy O xapaktep ocHoBHoro wITpHxa. A coctour 43 Tpex aaemeHros — ocHos- Horo BepTHKasbHOrO WITPHxa, NomyoKpyKHO- CTH M HakHOHNONO AOMOAHNTeABHOTO UITpH- xa, Bykpa acHMMeTpH4Has, OTKPbITAR BEBO. Bykna fl sasercs 3epkasibitim orpaxenMem aarancKoit R. Tlono6nuii anann3 MoxHO mposectH H AAs CTPOYHOrO BapHaHTa m060ro wpadra. TIpoaannauponan ace aHakH saTHHcKO- TOM pYCCKOFO astpaBHTOB, MOAHO TAKKE BHI TenMTs OCHOBHBLE M AOMOAHHTeADHBIE 921e- MelITbI {LIA cTpoUHOrO HavepTaHHs GyKB. M3 K 7K K STHX SeMEHTOB MOKHO CocTaBHTS m0Goit SHAK KaK ATMHCKOM, TAK MH KMPHJLIMYECKO! ocHoBui, HcromBsys ALI# 9TOTO cKeTeT 3HaKa. Tlocae nonywenma 3iiaKa Ha ocHone ckenera ero HeoGxoaHmo aopaGorare, TIpx atom cae~ ayeT OpHeHTHpoBaTBCA Ha ApyrHe GyKBbI H HX dnementi (pic. 30). Ta xe kapritia HaGn10- naeTca H pM peutenun upyrux GyKB Co CxOR- MBINH azeNeHTamH (B, b, B, ‘b, bl, P, R). MOQFOTOBKA MATEPHAJIOB VM MHCTPYMEHTOB Jd TIMCbMA Tlo ws0Sperenns 6yMark ocHoBiEM Ma- TepHaOM AIA MCHMA M jae nevaTaHNA KWH cAYAKWA —nepeamen — chleuMabHo obpaGorannne KOKM xMROTHHX. HennocTy TOTO MarepHarta BHIHYKAAET Hac MpHMEHATH €T0 TOMBKO B OCcoGO BaAKHBIX paGorax. Has wpniprosbix paGor cpenHHx ManbIx cbop- MaToR HcnombayloT NeprameH H3 oneubeii Ko- xu. Cambiit noporoit repramen — w3 Tena- subeit KOH (pc. 31). Hi B KoeM cayuae He cneayeT yalaxnaTe mlepraMen Bogoi, Tak KaK OT 9TOro OH KOPOGHTCA H TepseT a7acTH- oct. Ecam ect HeoGxoqHMocTe cileraTs TOHMPOBAHHe Nepramena, TO 9TO Aye BM TOAHMTE MaCTesTbIO HIM MeIKAM, BTHPAS TO- powoK sarHbim Tasmonom. Ecam nepramen He BOCIPHHMMAET MHUIYULyIO AMAKOCTE, ero cneayer npotepers nopoukom neM3bs. Ulpudpromsie wannucn 8 GomsumncTse caysaes sbinosmastoTcs Ha Oymaze. Jas Hani CaHUA XyMOKecTBeEHHBIX WIpMdToR creayer suiGupats MoTHy!o, raaKyw Gymary, KOTO pax Goi xopowlo BNMTEIBATA MMMYMLYKO AHR- KocTb H He BOpCHAach NPM McromB30RAHHH 27 Puc. 30. Coadanue Gyre K a ocnose Gye K wR.Puc. 31 O6pa6omna epeawena (1) u mpusep pas- ema wa nes ‘empan Grout roe (2). Pabora ‘wupoKoxoneuneim nepom pesuukn. [Ins 970% Went MoxkHO HcrIonB30- barb veprexiyio 6ymary. Ecan 6ywara cx KOM Fmiankasi, €€ MOXHO YRIAKHHTE HM BLICY- UIT MexAY ABYMsL ZNCTAMH NPoMoKaTestb- Hoit 6ymaru. He pekomennyercs ju1a BbInos- HeHHs wipHdroBLIx paGor HctomIOBATE Me~ soBannylo 6yMary, Tak Kak mponenenHnte Ha Hei TYUIBIO AMHHH yTOAMaIOTeR, a B MecTax OxoNYaHM OCHOBHIX UITPHxOB OGpaaylorcA narvibinns, Takxe He cueayeT ucnomb30RaT» Gymary ¢ spKO BbIpaxeHHOM wepoxosaToi cTpykTypolt — Ha Heit TpyaHo nony4uHTD YeT- Kile HHH C poBHBIMH KpaaMn. Ovens waxHo npasuabHo BuiGparb user 6ymarx, Ha KoTopoii shinonHserca Hagnuce, Tak KaK OT 9TOrO S4BHCHT 9cTeTHUECKOE nocnpuatue TeKcra. 28 «Her aye yoera, ven yaer xKe. Her neo6xodumocru das r020, wroOu Te ucnuerean: TMuceny no Kemy Xopowo, raxxe xopowo soxory, Vxpawenue xopowezo nucema — npustno. Ara nucema npuauuectayer noayyser, Yro6w or nezo zaasa yenoKausasuct. Haera xpacueat, sexeneaii u Genet 203 Topaxavr, xax 2asdenue na comyes. Kaau-Axmea Tpaxtar o xanmurpagax w xygoxnmxax. C. 118, Tax uipurosux ynpaxnenni wn SCKHSOB MOXKHO McrOsbsOBAT MIULIUMETPO- ayo Gymary — ona ue Tpe6yer pasaMHoBKH, 2 9TO 9KOHOMMT BpeNs. OsHako caeayeT yu ‘TulBaTb, NTO MILIHMETPOBKA O4elt KOpO- 6atca or tyumH. Baxibim MoeHtom ® paGoTe snasercst pasaunoska Gymarn ax paGorwi. Mrowaab acta GyMarM HYXHO pasaHHoRaTs TaK, wro6u Gyku GuutK omMHaKOBO! BuICOTHL H Me:KAY CTPONKAMM COXPAHALTOCE OMAHAKOBOE paccroaune. [Las toro ucnioabsyiores cme UManbHbe MpHeniocobzeHHs (puc. 32). Baxnyio ponb npa socnpustHn TeKcTa urpaior nos. Onn cayxar pamoii, npocrpait- cTReHHo oopmamoutelt TeKcT. PeKoMeHmye- Mule pasMepit Novell yerananaupaiores Tex- HHMECKHMMH YCAIOBHAIMM C YNETOM THI H3;ta~ Msi, ocoGeHHOCTel ero ocopmaenisa, ¢ y4e- TOM XYMOKECTBEHHBIX, cbHSHOAOTHUECKHX, TICUXMUECKHX, TEXHONOPHUECKMX HM APYTHX éaxropos. Kak npasnio, caMuim WMpoKHM SBIAETCK HDKHEE Moe, Kopeuikonoe (syTpentiee Goxosoe). Baxk- Hoe 3HaveHHe HMeeT TO, CTPOMTCS AM KOM- NOSMILAS Ha OAHOR CTPAHAUe WIM Ha pasBo- pore (puc. 33). Ecau noasoaser oGnem TeKcra, To Hoa ayuMe cAenaTs GombUIMMH. Tipu onpegenennn cooruouenna mMexaty MpOnMCHBIMH H SaraaBHEIMH GykBaMH ce AYET MCXOAMT M3 HCTOPHYECKH CHOKHBLUNX C8 oTHoMeNni M aanay, KoTOpAe MpecTe- AyWTCH NpH HanHcanMn TeKcra, BaKHO pH PasMeTKe TeKCTa O6paTHTh CepsesHoe BHH- ManMe Ha BuIGop MexsycrpoMHoro paccroa- wus. Tp HanHHH JYMHHBIX BBIHOCHBIX QHEMEHTOB H Y3KOTO MexAYCTPOYHOTO pac- CTORHMS BOSHUKGET BEPORTHOCTE CAMA NWOKHMX BBIHOCHBIX 9MeMeHTOB nepxHelt CTPOKH C BEPXHHMM BDIHOCHDIMH SneMeHTA- MH HWKHe!, © ‘ cambim y3KHM —om + TIponeas ace ocHosnle H wontoamuTess- ble JHMM WIpHdpTa, cHeAyeT HaMeTHT® Ka paHiailOM rpaHHulbt C108 M CTpOK Gyayuiero rexcta, Beam Texct Gymer nucarsca Ha He- CKOABKUX CTPAHHUAX, TO CTPOKK Ha OGeHX cTopowax sucra foaxue copnajare. Has pasannenvannx Gymarn muorne Mactepa pe- KOMeHAYIOT HcTOMBsOBaT romyGo! KapaH- nau. C apesnux apemen x 0 XII 8. npH pasnMHeHuaHHM MaTepHata MombsOBaIHCe OcrpbIMH NatouKaMM, OCTARNSIONLUMH Ha Ma~ repuase yray6aenns. Cioco6 pasMeTKH HM pasaMHOBKH pyko- TMCHBIX KHMT MOxHO MpocnesitT Ha TIpAMe- pe UaGopanka Cexrocaasa 1073 r, Bee an- CT UMelOT AMHORKY M0 CTOABIIAM M CTPON- kam. JuHovann Kawabii smcT mepramena oTjeabHO H Wale BCerO ¢ raaAKOi CTOpOHEI. Ho serpewaiores aMcTH, pasiMHonaHHbie © Mesaponoii cToponi. JIMHowaiM 1oBOHO OCTPBIM OpyAMeM, Tak Kak AWCTHI Mepramena B OTAeABHBIX MecTax HMeIoT paspesbi. Ha TONCTHIX sIHCTAX MepraMeHa AAMHOBKA BbI- Homsiac Kpacnoii Kpackoii, Tak Kak npH TpogaBanBaKHn JMHOBKa He BHAHa. Kopus- eBbIMH NepHHIAMH B KOpeIUKe CjlenaHa pas- MerKa Uist MMCUa, Kak M rae MHCATS MAINA ne M HyMeposar® rasp. Hasninc 9TH mbi- onbieH AKKYpaTHO M Pacc4HTaHbl Ha TO, 4TO ocie CWMBAHMG pyKONMCH Mx He Gyner BAKO. Tin pasaunennanns Gymara caenyer ucnlombsovate KapanDawn cpeaneit TBEPLO- cm (TM, M). Kapaunam nyxvo non6.- pat B 9aBHCHMOCTH OF BHAA H KaecTBa 6y- Mari ¢ TeM paceTOM, 4TOGbK HOCae BbITHpa- ist aMMUAil He Hapyulanace cTpykTypa Gyma- ra. Kapanamt osxkex GbiTb ocrpo satoven M np nponenenmit AMHMi OCTARTATH ONeHB TouKHii caeg. IT AacT BOIMOXHOCTE Cie nat paamerky TOuHO!. Ocobo caeuyer ckasaT» 06 HHcTpyMeH- Tax, KOTOPLIMM WIPHd>TOBAK O7KeH paGo- ‘arb, He caywalino apesie mactepa rosopH- M0 «CORePUIEHCTBE NHCLMeHHOTO CHAPSE- ua, KoTOPoe OAHO MPosBAATHCA BO BEX wucrpymenrax. Xopouii uipwprosnx Ge- PeKHO OTHOCHTCH K CBONM OpyaKAM Tpy;a, Tak Kak Tom nepom, MSrOTOBTEHHBIM U3 Depe—AHHOU NAAOXKU, KO- ‘Topas Xopowlo CKONBSHT No Gymare H He ABIAETCH TAKOH KECTKOH, KAK MeTAIHNE- cxoe nepo. Kpome Toro, Ha naro%Ke MOxHO YCTaHOBHTb TaKylO WHPHHY NMMyWIeH YaCTH lepa, mpi KoTopoit xopomso 6ynleT BHAIEH yron ycTaHOBKH flepa, coxpaHeHwe KoTOporo HANACTCR OCHOBHIM TPeGoBaHHeM. C70%- HOCTH MORTOTOBKH TAKOH NATOK saK MONE Hap WaroTORTEHHM H saTouKe Mepa (pHC. 34). TLaa wororonrenus nepa HeoGxoAHMO HMETS nepesaiuyi natoyxy aMameTpom 8—10 mM 4 gam 150—200 mm. Mponsnens nea cpesa — cRepxy M cHH3y, momy4aem stona- Touxy TommMHoH 1—2 MM, B KOHeBOH acTH KOTOpOi ZeTaeM Ba GoKoBLx cpesa. PaccTosuie Mexsy GoxosuiM cpesann Gy- eT pasnarsca umpune Gyaywero nepa. 30 OCHOBHBIM H OUCH BAXKHDIM 9TAIIOM MOATO- TOBKM Nepa ABAAETCA MocKeAHMH cpes Ha konunke mepa, Ero caeayeT nenaTs nox yraom. [Lia Tex, KTo THMieT npaBoi pykoi, cpe3 enaerca nog yruoM snpaso, eno‘ — revo, Haanune cpesa Ha nepe mo yraom NOSBORAET YCTAHOBHTb NH MHCHME TaKoe nonoxkeHMe PyKH H Tlepa, Mp KOTOPOM Xopo- Wo BHO BCe MpocTpaHeTBO Mepem MepoM. Ho cpes cnenyer nponsnoaurs He TOABKO HOw yruIOM B TY HAM MHYIO CTOPOHY, HOH MOA, ONPeseNEHHBIM HaKIOHOM TesBHX HOxA K crepxHio Mlepa. Yrou MEXAY MLIOCKOCTHIO e3BHa HOKA M CTEPAHEM Mepa LOMKEH CO- crasnats 30—40°. Tocxe raxoit obpeskn Ha Tepe ocTaeTCs MAT rpaHelt — BepxHss, HWxHAA, swe COKOBHE M onHA MepeRHAA, Bi aMMas cBepxy Mpx mucpMe. Tlepo conpaKa- caeTca c 6ymaroil caMoit OCTpoH rpaHbIo, YTO RaeT MPH MMCHMe POBHBAI HETKHIL LITpHX Ha Gymare. em mennimum 6ysleT yron HaKsOHA AOCKOCTH Ae3BHA, TeM ocrpee 6ymeT Tpak. Tipu satouKe Kone mepa He cacayeT nenaTb OveHb ATMHHDIM KK KOpOTKMM. JLtHHa 3aTa- uwpaemoro yuacTka He OwKHA NpesbUAT 30—40 mm. Han o6pesxn zepensioro mepa Heo6xo- AMMO MMeTb creyMasbiRalt OcTpLtit Hox, «Al cOenawo ree yasanue Ma nepowunnesii HOX, O6pae.o noraiinue caosa: Ezo nezaue ne Daunnoe u Ke KoporKoe, He rouxoe u He wupoxoe, cooreetcraennoe, Tax, wro6w on epawyanca 6 Konwuxe KaneMa, Hi raxoit xanem crax Goi ocroiinum nawepranuay. Kaaa-Axmea, Tpaxrat o xanmrpabax wm xynomunxax. C. 119, XOpoumnit HOR MOXHO MIFOTOBHTD M3 CKAmb- neaa, cHa6que ero pykostKoi. Jia saTouKn NepbeB MOXKHO HCHOABSOBaTS OCTPH «ca- TOXHBI> HO. Kanam (xaem, Kanamyc) wsroTosaneT- ca ua TpoctanKa (Kamba). Takoe nepo anacTHYHO MH MIpARTHO B paGore. Ocoboe BHHMaHMe caeayeT yaenHT BBIGopy TpocT- wnxa, Kak canjerenscreyiot HcTOpH¥ecKHe AOkyMenTit, B XVI 8. A1k H3TOTOBTEHMA Tle- bes MCTONBORAMHCh pasaHuHEte copTa TPOCTHNKa: RACHTCKH, AMOMMILCKMI, erM- nerckwil, MasaHgepaHcKutit, [laa warotosnenus Kanama caeayer 10- no6paTs KaMuiy cpeaneli %ecTKoCTHMare puanet 4 uncrpymenres (puc. 35). Cpesars ero ayume ray6oxoi ocenbi, Koraa creGeab yxxe BLICOX. OGW'HO mn paGorst ronurca creSens AByx- mt apeXToAHUHOTO KaMMUIa. OH UMeeT s0m0- ‘ucro-Kopwunesuil orreHox. Eenu cepenuna tpy6uatoro wievienna Kamuia BiunepxKH- eT AABACHHE NasbUeB PyKM H He oNaeTCs, 9 TaKoro KaMbiUIIa MOXHO CHenaTb Xopowee nepo. Tpocruue donxen Gute xpocnoyoeren, He doxxen Guro reepdsin, caoano KaNens, He vepen, ne Kopotox, u He Oaunen, Sanonnu, 0 onowal Ho neobxodumocru Cpednuii, He Kpynneuit u ne ToNKuil, Cpeduna ez Geran, a Ke TeMnas, ‘Hu Kopnesozo 6 Hem yrommenua, HU Y32G, B yapcree nucema nykHO xopowee cnapaxenue. Beau rpocrnux [eauuxom] raepdutt Caedyer orxazareca or troz0 u Apyeoeo». Kas-AxMea. Tpaxrat o xanurpacbax w xynoxumxax. C. 116, Cpesarh Kamp caenyeT TaK, 4TOOH OCTARATHCH HEMBMH [Ba WAK TPH WReHEHHA creGas. BHyTpH Kab 2o1xeH GIT HOpH- crbim u Markum. Tepea o6peskoi Kamumua aeswHeM HOA CHeAYET YAAINTH BHYTpEH- HOW IWIeHKy H HeMHoro O4HCTHTD BHYTpEH- How cropouy KaMBiuia oT MaKoTH. Jln8 Toro cneyeT HCTOMSOBATS HOR C WIMHHEM 1 TOHKHM KOHUOM, KOTOPHIH erKO BXO/HT B Ce- peauy Kamuuionoit nano¥KH. Vsrorogienme nepa 43 Kammuosoii na- AOUKM HECKOABKO OTAMNAETCH OT H3TOTORTE- Ha lepa H3 epeBAHHOA nanowKH (pHc. 36). OcHoBHoe OTIH4HE COCTOHT B TOM, YTO KOHELL Kaama JoKeH Our pacurenenun. Pexo- MenayeTCR colemyIOULa NOCTEROBATEABHOCTS ‘onepaumit mpx 3aTo¥Ke Kanama: 1) nazo¥Ka o6pesaetca c onHoro KoHUa. FIpH 9T0M yron NeXIY e3BHeM HOKA H ManO¥KoH NoAKeH coctanst 30 — 45°. Moayuaem Kocoi cpes ia OOM Konute; 2) Tako‘ Ke Cpes MpoHsBO- AMTCA C ApyroH CropoHA sToro Ke KOHUA anoukw; 3) paspesaem onHH Ha ayroo6pas- Hix cpesos rayGunow 10—15 mm; 4) co cTopousl, MpoTHBONOAOKHOR paspesy, Ae- gaem Haspes, npHaawas nlepy HyxKHyW dop- my. [pu atom ycraHasampaerca mmMpHHa 6y- aywero nepa. Cropousi nepa ,oKHbL 6bITb. CHNMETPHNHBIMK OTHOCHTERBHO paspesi 5) nocnenHiii cpe3 jemaem TaK Xe, KaK H MPH o6peske epeBaHHOH nanouKH. Pue. 35, Onpedexenue Puc. 36, Hscomoanenue 31PaGora MupoKoKoneNnem nepom Puc. 37. Cnocobe kpenaenus mymedepxa- ‘mene. sCKoav e03MoKHO, He HUW KaIEM BbICTpO, oxo wunu u ce6a ne Gecnoxol, Konuuxu xanema ne crpyzais O2unneesu,— Aaa nucena nexopowo. H xoney Taxxe ne deaait KopoTkUM, TAK Kak HexOpOWD, Tlocaywait a0 noxoxenue w ne un Goxasare nscraa: Hennozo nowetu €20 usnytpu, C eneunedi [vacrbio] Karena Te He umeewe dena. Tlepoas o6pesxa ne owiider xopowio, Bropas, ecau 6ydet xopoluo, aadno, Cpexeut» Koco — noaywuren nozpeunocre, Cdenaew» cpednee — coiider. Flo rex nop, noxa ro 6yeue cnamare 30yk pesku Kanema, He Gye Gecneuen 6 peaxe T0z0 KaneMa, Seyx oF pesKu Kanema — Hexopowo, Bede on [3eyx]— zonoc sonar or Goau. Odnux cx000m, Doxxna Grits wucroi OO pesKa Kanema, reve — pyxu Mabe ydanocy or deno». Kasn-Axmeg, Tpaxtat o Kannmrpacpax w xynomuneax. C. 119—120. Tpesune mactepa o6pesky kasiama NpoOMsBO_WIM Ha CheuMaAbHOH TOACTABKE — OnMpOBANHO! TAACTHHKe 43 EpeBA, B KOTO- Poli «MoxkHO GbLIO yBHAeTb OTpaxKeHMe JM- a>. OBO oa jenanac 49 cBeTAOFO nepess Mleticraureapno, xopoumi oGpes nepa MOKHO CHEATS TONBKO MOAOKMB KOHYAK hepa Ha rasiky nosepxwocte. Ecait 1o.1b- 30RATKCA MPARILIAHO HATOTORMEHHBIM Kala MOM, raagkoit Gymaroii u TyuNLIO xopourero kavectsa, pH mMcMe or Kalama GyneT HexOAMTb cKpHN. 2 «Koza obpexeu Koney Karena, on Boaxen dare zoaoe nodobno «zonocy Mauipurur, A ator Mauipuxu, zosopst, Grin ¥en08eKox, paBoraewin aunxu “pesaniuaiinol Do6pornocru u usaugecr- ‘ea; acaxuil, KTO UcneiTeiear €20 KAUKOK, 60 4rO nu YOapan, paccexan Hadeoe, ecru xe npueodu.nu KmuMOK @ DOUKHUe, OM KoneGAACH; u CHeIManCS z0n0¢ pezaniuaiinoi Tonxocru. Hrax, ayMue, robs Koney Karena obpesamu yenox, a ocrpue anema 60110 OAUNKDIM U ACUCTEIM, U Koza NO- AOXUUD Ha UCT, TO NpUXOdUA Boi @ DauKeHUE W ensimancn 6s 20200. Kasm-Axmeg. Tpaxrar 0 xananrpaax W xynOxHHKax, C, 64 — 65. Oanako MaroroanenMe mucrpymentTa 18 TuchMa Ha 9TOM He sakanuapaercs. [epe- BaHHax nanouka MAM KaMBtIuoBOe Tepo KECTKOE nepo caenyeT o6Keub Ha MaaMeHH cBeuH wan comuKn (pac, 40). Huwywuti cocras 21x paborbi BuiGupaer- ca B 3apHCHMOCTH OT BHAA MIpHEpTA H Tpebo- Bann, MPeMbABASEMBIX K TKCTY, KOTOPDIit Tpeactonr Hanucarb. C 9Tom HesbIO Mero SyIOTCA NepHILa, TYUNb, TyaIEBbIE MH aKBa- PembHble KpackH. B vacrosuiee apemsa umeetes MHOxECT- RO pellENTOR HIFOTORAEHH CBETOCTOHKHX, BbIPAIHTENDHBIX MO WBeTY M HE MOPTAMMX- cA MepHHA H3 caMBIX paaHooGpasHbix Be- ulecTB: CaKH, KesesHOro KyMopoca, cyze- Mul, AHCTHER Gepeaki, KOP! paxNMMHBIX slepe- ven 1 7. 11, B MpouLIom B CocTaB HeKOTOpLIX NepHiWE BXOAWAM Mora —CoBepuleHHO HeOKM/AHHbIE KOMMOHEHTBI: KMCABIE LIM, 11a- ToKa, Kuac, mpoco, wilt npecttsii Men 4 2p. kwca 34 «llorpe6yit nuanomepnon caxu, Caxu odun cup u vereipe cupa cmoae. Cropo au, 00x20 au, ore xynopoca 1 wepnunenoco opewxa, Bosemu oun cup or 020 u us st0z0 dea cupa, Cmoay a0€it 6 eody, uucty oF mun, Toxa ne passedetea euucty¥, C208K0 medoeas 60da. Odun-dea Iux xpenKo cOusai ee co cMonoll, BuwucTu nonewenue or nian u copa, Pacrupaii ee d0 cra vacos. Sanounu or mens aru npocaaanennese cx08a? Kanennse xeacyts zopaxdo aynwe Kynopoca, A sroco Muxto ne 3HaeT, KpOMe Ce20 B ormowenuu “epnores Geieaer ot Kynopoca ayers: Buecto xynopoca zopasio aysiue Kamenuse acute Bexunatu 600y ¢ Yepnurbnoinu opeuxanu u cmorpu, row ona crasa secoma wuctou 1 yOosxersopureasnot. Mocxe 97020 nasuoait nonennoey, Tlonpobyit, no Ges nerepnenus, Alabm 6 to epema, Kak yerpoutcr, B nucanuu reoe cepdye 6uu10 Gu cnoKoiino. He -xaneii 23 9020 tpyOa, A nave snaii: den0, «ro To cdenaa,— Gecnonesno» Kasw-Axmea Tpaxtar o xaamrpacax w xyaomnuxax. C. 116 — 117, B crapoie upemena peventmat nparoronse- Hi epHHA nepeXOAMAK HI TIOKOTEKMA B okoneHe, PasHoo6pasMe KOMMoHeHTOB canetenscrayer 06 ynopHbix noHCKAX Kpa- cureneii, KoTOpHe yAOBIETROPAAK Gbi BCE ‘peGowanns nuceMa. B nactosuuee apems ja NHcbMa HCHTOAb- SyIOT YepHHaa, npeAcTasAMOLUMe Co6OH BoA- ble PaCTROpA CHHTETHYECKHX KPACHTeTEM C go6apnenmem cnupra. Haawyne cumpra cniocoSerayeT GBcTPOMY BBICIXAHMKO Yep- a1. Ochosie peSowain x 4epHinaM: YcToiuMBOCTs cocTasa jOAroBe4HOCTD. Yepnwia He AOKHBI paspyliaTh MaTepHan Js MCHA W BBISHIBAT® KOPPOsMND cepa. Uepnuaa pasimuaorcs He TOmBKO 10 luneTy, HO H 10 HasHaveHMO: KaHuenapcKHe, UIKoAbHNe, KonMposabie, UITeMme-TaHEe, duia apropyuex m ap. Jia Hanncanna wpHi- TOR MOKHO HCTOABIORATS HepHAA [U1 ABTO- pyuex «Paayray, Taxne vepsivia Bumycnaior-Ocnosnee npuexes nucoma ca pasAMUHEIX UBeTOR. AMM xopouto BBInOA- HATS LIPHGTBI B TeXHHKe ocTpOoKOHENHOTO mayxHaxkuMHoro nepa. YepHua aye Ty CXOMAT C Mepa MH MOsBONSIOT jeTATS oveHE TOHKHe () LITPHxH, nooTOMy Miorme Mactepa upadpta peKomexayioT WeMOMESOBaTb HX JVI HANMCAHHS eKOpaTHB- HX pocuepkon M «aapnryulex». TakHMH neransamn, HanpHMep, HIOGMIyIOT KanMMTpa- (buueckwe wpadre uv wpuir ¢ppaxrypa. Ognaxo as nanncanns xpynutix mpHi- oR epHiia MAONIpHTOgHD,, TAK KAK, He o6nanas xopomieit xporonteit cnoco6HOcTSIO, OHM He MOFYT JaTb WTPHXK ODMHaKOBOH Ha- cumenoctn. B xoHte Kaxqoro urpHxa ocraetes Karieopasiuiit van, Tooromy pH BHNOAHEKMH KPYMHEIX WPHA>TOB H pa- Gor, npeatiasiiavenHx sW18 BOCNPOMSBENe- Hus B MloAMTpadwn, rae TpeSyercs paBHo- MepHag HACHIULEHHOCTS RCEX UITPHXOR, pe- KoMeHAYETCH MOMBIOBATHCH TYUIBIO. ‘Tyuie — npounan Kpacka, qoxro coxpa- Hmowan uper. OcHoBHEIMN ee KoMMOHeHTa- NH sBAAeTCH MemKO pasnpoGzeHHax rasoBar WIM aueTHNeHOBAR CAA, Kel, ULETOK Hsp. BuinyckaeTCA TYUIb TREPAAaA, B BHC ILIMTOK, wWIK KUAKas, B cbraKoHaXx. Tyum, B OTAMUHE of 4epana, He MpouMKaer B nopst 6yMarn, a BucbixaeT Ha 6yMare TOHKOM MpOYHOH MIeH- xoli, Lin wpucproserx paGor Mcriomayior 8 OcHOBHOM NepHyIO TyMIb. Xopoumit nA0T- uti WepHbrit TOH MpHsaeT TyUIM TOFaRTEHHe B Hee YepHoit ryaumM mam TeMmepEt. Userias tyWWb HMeeT mioxyto KpOKULy!O cnocoGHoctb M MogToMy Axa upHToBEX paGor HeomBsyeTcs penKo. Tip wanucannn mpucpros mpamensorcs. ‘TakxXe akBapeabuble, TeMMepHLe H FyaUeBBIe Kpacku, Mpwem ryauleawe m Temmepube onanaioT Gombe Kporoule crocoGuo- cTbIO, ¥eM akBaperbHBle. Ho ecru 2o6aBHTS B akpapenbilyio Kpacky HemHoro ryauM, ova 6yner xopomio noxpusars Gymary. Tian xarxnoii Kpackn HeoSxonHMo MMe’ oTmebHY}0 NlOcyAy M KMCTb CpeqHelt %KECTKO- cmH, KoTOpoit SanpannsoT nepos. Tlocyay © KpacauMM cocraBoM aysuie nepxarb Ha cnlelMambHoil MocTaBKe, H3r0- TORIEHHOH, HaNpHMep, HB MOOCKM TBEPAOTO xaprona (pic. 41). Koxerpykuma nogcrap- KH HCKMOYAET BOIMOKHOCTS HevaMHHOTO nepenopauunanns tyuH. px paGore Ha m0- TuTpe ‘TYUIb MOKHO MIpHKPeNMTE K AOCKE. LU PUPT IUPUOT er Tlocae BiicHIxaHH® TYMIM WIK KpacKH cnenyet Markoll peaMHkolt yaanutb BcnioMo- rareabuble KapaHAaulubte AMHHM. OCHOBHDBIE TIPHEMBI IIMCbMA LIMPOKOKOHE4YHbIM MEPOM B rexsike umpoxoKoneunoro nepa Goss oe sHaveHHe HMeeT MpasHIbHas ycTaHOBKa nepa. Manenss noxoxenve nepa oTHocH- TesbHO CTPOKM, MOXHO MoAyWHT’ GomBUIoe pasHoo6pasue mpudror naxe npH HanHMMH ToABKO oAHOTO Hepa (pc. 42). Hamenenne yrua ycraHoBK nepa Biever 3a coGOK H3Me- HeHWe KOHTPACTHOCTH OCHOBHBIX H LOTION TeMBHBX WITPHXOB, 35 Puc. $2. Bapuanmes uupupmo, odmuae tutpoxo- rnepow. Pue. 43. Onpedexenue wwoaru nepa (yea nuchua)Puc. 44 Homencnne umpurex 6yxa No M, OK Puc, 45 Oenoannae Puc. 46 Coedunenne ayeoobpasmiee Pa6ora uupoxoxoneuiiun nepo NNMM KK oh | QUA O QQQ0 B npaktaxe paGorst wpoxoxonewntint nlepom yenom ycranoaku nepa (yznoM nuce- Md) HaSbIBaeTCA yron MeXxAY BepxHeli 7M- welt CTPOKH 4 cpe3oM Tlepa, HCHHCAEMBII por aconolt crpenkn (pic. 43). Tlonatne 06 yrae niceMa caoxKnaoch © TOABEHHEM LIMPOKOKOHENHOTO Tepa, O HEM cBuJeTeABCTBYIOT MHOrHe HCTOpHYECKHE BH- ao wpycbtos. Tak, KanMTanbHBIi KBaapa Hult WHT BBMomHAICR Ton yraoM 25 — 30°, pyctHxa —He Meniee 60°, rotuueckme pure — 45°. Ociosisi mpasioM, KoToporo cnenyet ApHAepKUBATECA pH paGore WMPOKOKOHEN 36 HBIM MepOM, siBAseTeH CTPOFoe coBMOKEHHE, yrna nucbMa. UaMeHst yron micbMa cae. AYeT TOABKO HCKMOUHTENBHBIX cayNasX — Korma 970 Bu3BaHO rpacbaKoH Gykwu. B GombummcTRe cayuaen WaMeHeHMs yraa rpeGyior natuucKne Gykant Z, N, a taKxe caapaickne Gyxsbl K m M ipa nepesoge daTHHcKoro ulpHdpTa Ha pycckyio OcHORY (pwc. 44). Crenyiome ocoGennoctsio paGors a TeXHMKE WIMPOKOKOHeMHOrO Nepa aBAReTes 10, YTO OCHOBHBIMH ABHXKCHHAMM PYKH ¢ TepoM OTAHH GUTS ABIES cRepxy BHHS M CsleBa Harpawo (pac. 45), MOCKOABKY, Nocae 3aTOuKH repo MMeeT KOcol cpe3 ¢ OCTPHIM JeBLIM yriom. TlooTomy sBIDKeHIS nepa cnpasa Hanewo sarpyavenm m4 vault BCEO JaKaHWMBAIOTCR KASIKCO!, MPOKO.IOM Gymara wom McKpHitenMeM urpuxa. Den, XeuMe mlepa CHMSy mBepx, BO-nepabIx, SBIETCH HEECTECTBEHHBIM, a BO-BTODHIX, YenORHAETCH HanHYHeM OcTporo yrna. K TO4 My 2ke GombUIHHCTBO MCTOPHYECKH CAOXHD WHXCa UIpHcbroB MMeloT Takoe Havepranne, Tpit KOTOPOM WITPHXM GyKB MMMUyTCH CHePXy) BHHS M caeBa HanpaBo. Tipu paGore p TexHuke mMpoKoKoHeMHo, ro nepa caegyer cTpemutica K Tomy, 406 Kaxksiblii LITPHX OBL MpoBEsLeH B OHH MpHEM, Tlosropwoe mponejenne uitpHxa npHnont k ero yrommenmio Ham Apyromy edbeKTy, Ko} Topbiit fenaeT 3aMeTHbIM HCMpaBeHHoe Mecto. Oco6oe BHNMaHHe ceayeT YaeaaTb Tak} Xe cCoeMHeHIIO AyrooSpazHbx ameMed: ‘ros (puc. 46). Tin npwo6perenua Hanwkon nucaHns OT/EMbHBIX Q7eMeHTOB GykB NpaKTHYecKog oByuenne cneayeT HaYMHaTh ¢ BKITOAHEHKS opHamentanbinix ynpaxnennit (puc. 47), JL pasMuHKH PYKH H NlOgTOTOMKH K MCHOM HenMw onpeferenHoro mpudpra AyYMe TK} CaTb YHPAKHEHHA, COCTORUME H3 sand WNaCTO RCTPEUAIOILIAXCH 97IeMEHTOR /LaHHOF upara. Hanpumep, ecam mpicbt meet oxpyrabit xapakrep, TO M aaeMeHTDL 2 Ynpaxnennit noxSupawres oxpyraie, Hes onpeaeresuetit onbrr 8 Harncaniy ouiemenTos 6yxke, caemyeT nepexonHTb nanucanmio uensix Gyke. Jas yoneuHoit pa Gorm Gykesi caeayet crpynnuposare nk exogcrsy wayepranna, B nepayo rpyny Boiayt Gykmbi, B OCHOBE KOTOPHIX 1eKatUNIAVQAUUTLVEVYTUNTH LAT AWAVANAV AN AANA MITATLA ALAA CCOCOEC OCC C CE = a rie NS rreee rere STAT HOCEREEEREELUG YVSGSY ARADANA WACO POCSS Sad Sd ag | ed pe | POLO LO LOS: ' ' ' I ' PILI SALA. | SNS eS LLNS SDI'OLOsGrere Weel DEVDEERDREEEED A AAA TT CCH — V=VMEV= VU VVVVVIVVV EANVEMIVEAIVENIINE LLL Thnnninhnm UWUUUUDODUUULL VUVVUL LNININON CIMQL AVAVAVAW AVA OO.0-O-O0%X ... SSSA EE"Pabora uupoxoxonewnein nepom Table WITPHXH — BepTHKaMDBIe H rOpH- sonranpubie (T, E, 1, H, T, U, Ul, LL), Bo sTopyio — GyKBHi, MMEWULNE BepTHKATLHLE, TopH3oHTambHBle MM HaKAOHHBIe UITpHXH (AM, K, JI, M, X, ¥), 8 tper6io — Gyxaet ¢ HagiIMeM MpAMBIX H OKPyFABIX asIeMeHTOR (B, B, P, ®, 4, bb, bl, 1) 11 wewepryi0 — nce Kpyrabie Gyksbl (3, 0, C, 9). Tlo rakomy xe npaHuAny rpyrmupyiores crpounsie Gyka. Xopowo ycwous Hannca- Hie MponHCHEX M cTpoUHBIX 6yKB, MOH NepexomsTb K HANNcaNIO cAoB H ~MpenTo- eH, Tip wayyennu pykonucneix mpucpros APHNEHAWOT MeTOR XyAOKECTHEHHO-rpadbH- Neckoro aHani3a, BkMOUaIOULerO CAeAYOULNE gtanp: 1) ananm3 ocoGennocreit nucema 4 rpacukn otaenbitix Syke; 2) onpenenenne lua nucema; 3) onpenesenme aykra (nocme- AoBaTeNbHOCTH M HanpaBeHHA HavepTaHHA OCHORHBIX. OMOAMHTeNbIBIX LITpHXOR Gyka); 4) onpexestenne uncTpyMenTa, KOTO PHM BbinomHeH mpudr. «Bo acaxom nuchue, Koropoe 6ydew nepedaaarv, Crapaiicn ne rpatur» spa apemenu. Byxay 3a Gyxaoit e20 xopowo o6dymait, A He Tax, 4rOGH TOKO escaNNyTE W cKeOpexnuvare, Hocaorpu na cuay u cxa6octs Byxa, H ecoedunenues ux umeit a audy; Caedu 3a ux «nodnstuem> u «cnycKome Tax, wr060i Toi ywen w TO, u Opyeoe. Bydv ocaedomaennem 0 «wampo» nuceaa, AlaGu 6u120 wucto, Kpacuso uw coorsercraennor. Kaan-Axmea. Tpaxtar o Kaamrpatax W xynoxnmxax. C. 122, «He od06pait 6 ce6e camodoaoanersa! Crpemuce, 4ro6 6 caves nepedarounom nucome He crary nebpexnum, Jeraew au tH MKoeo Hepedaxe nadzexut noanaa craparexsnocr, Caedyer crpoxy {opuzunana) svino.mnsrs 2a erpoxoii A ne Tak — nonoxXuu naano crpoKe, Cayuuauce dae naoxue Oyxee cnavana, Ocraauus u cnooa dpyeyio Bykay Havneun. Moiidu or sroit owudKu, Or ouubKu sede nuKTo He Gwoaer yaoxen, omoska nuxocda ne Geisaer araacnote. Kaau-Axmea Tpaxrar o xaxmrpacpax mw xynomnnxax. C. 122 — 123. Hexoroppie TpysHocTH B 9TOM aHanH3e peacramaser onpemeenne opyans nuceMa, Oramunth Markoe fepo (naio4¥ka, Kalam, HTMUBe Meo) OT KECTKOTO MeTasMHECKOTO AerKO! MeTANANYECKOE —MePO OGA9ATEMBHO ocranaser yraySnenns (GoposaKH) » Gonb- UMHCTBE WITpHxoB GykB. Fopasao caoxnee OTAHUNTS HaMMcaHHoe KA1aMOM OT HaNMcaH- Noro nau nepom. LIrpHxn Gyks, Ham cAWHBIX TYCHHBIM MepoM, HMeIOT YeTKHE oxonyanna. Karam gaer Goree marke ouep- ‘TAHA KONUOBOK WTpHXoB. Kpome Tro, ry- CHHOe MepO jLO.TbILE COXpAHHeT saTOUKy, NogToMy, cpapiiqBas HavambuBie Hm mocme- aywoulne 6ykBbt TeKCTOB, MOXHO OnpesenT MecTo, re Havant MCaTS BHOB 3aTONeH- MbIM IIH rlogmipanneHittin rlepom. MepeTouka Wim Mloqnpanka Kanama menaeTca Wau. Teker, Hanncanubit AepeBannoit nan04 Koil, Jerko OTHMYaeTCA GAarogapA HanHuHiO) AUTPHXOB pasMMHO! HacHIeHHOCTH: 2a: Mponesenns KaxsOrO UITpHXa ee HeOGXOAM ‘Mo MakaTb B Tyulb. [IAA AMHHBIX WTPHXo! XapakTepHa HepasHOMePHOCTE HaCBIilleHHo- CTH 43-34 HeXBATKM MMUYULerO cocraBa, Llpucprn, atinoniennie KpyrtoKoHes: HBIM. TePOM, KHCTHIO IK duloMacTepoN, PesKo OTAHUAIOTCA APyr OT Apyra H T0ITOM; aerko yaHaores. OcBoenHe mpuemos nicbMa B TexHM LINPoKOKOHEYHOrO Tepa BOSMOKHO TOMBK np yeaoBnn cucremarnyeckoii paGorss. Ko! 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Tlvcaps, noay4He pykonucs or aBTopa, 1po- emarpupas ee, onpestenss o6beM. OH CaN Boi Gnpan dopMar, BoIcoTy H LIMPHHY KOOHKM, yeranannusan pasMep nozeit pacctoanne Mexay KoOHKaMN. [11 pasMeTKH pykOnMCH lupudyronux npuMensia onoRaHHy'o NanOUKy, As nipovegenna npamnrx aM — anAMHy10 amneliky. OcHOBHOH TeKcT MHCACK HepHOA Kpackoli, a oT@embHBIe cosa — Kpacttoi. Yacto vepunabnMusi c YepHOlt HM KpacHoit kpackamit Yepunabnntst oGuuHo zenaIN M3 raMHEA, Goxee noporne — 3 6pOHSEL, HHOra OHM YKPaULAmHce 30200- Tom WH cepeGpom. Octiosayio paGory cocrasnazo wanuca- ume Texcra, Cyuectrosan Thu onenKn HeckomKo yTpa- ncema, ARAM saraapHoe HiMtcbMo, coemMnaAnce,kayectBa wipmibra: nepsoxsiaccHbsit, pocrentennutit # nenosoit mpucpr. Ppeveckne PYKONMCH OTAMYAIOTCR GoraTBIM BKYCOM H XOpOIINMH OcOPMHTEBCKMMH TPANMMHSIMH. 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[epe- BaHHBIe TAGAYKH CKPeRASANCH NO HeCKOAD- ko Wyk B AMTTHXH (aBe), TPANTHXH (TpH) W noauntaxn (mHorO). CaMbiM: BAXHKIM MoMeNTOM oBomOUU apennerpeueckoro eran aenenue €FO Ha ABA OCHORHEX Mita: BOCTOUHOrpe- Yeckoe # SananHiorpeveckoe. PasHilia Me KY STM BHAAMH GbLIa HeGoaBUNOM H 3aKmONA- Bach CKOpee B crlocoGe HCMONDSOBAHKs JIK- Tep, NeM BMX HavepraniH. Boctounorpeneckuit ampasur nocay na ccnosoH jut - Ta, KOTOpaA ABIAETCH OCHOBOH CoBpEMeH- Hux MpOnHCHLX GykB AaTHHCKOFO axbaBiTa. Kanwranbubii knaapatiesit uipudyr naca- JM TIpAMO HUH KOCO TompesaHHBIM TepoN. Dror mpudr oGaagaer nase, MeaneH- nim pitwom. Kaxsan Gyksa HeToponanso BLIBOAHTCA NePOM, LaHOULAM ULMPOKME WITPHX. PH ABIOKEHHH BH H BPABO M TOHKYWO AM HNO MPH ABILKEHMH KIBO Ht 110 FOPHSOHTAH (puc. 59). Kax neaxnit kanutamueiit mipacbr, OW pacrioaaranen MERAY ABYMA Napaaiesb- HANH NpSMBIMH, Ges NPpOGe10B Me>KAY NIpea- aoxeHHsMMt H CTOBaMH. Koe-mie ca0Ka HH MpeMMOxeHHA paseAAANCd TONKAMM HAN utpuxann. 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