Area and Volume In this chapter, you will earn how to © Find the areas of figures © Find the surface areas of space figures. © Find the volumes of space figures. © Solve a problem by making a model Applying what you learn, on pages 584-585 you will solve problems about playing fields. Peet Recetas Pore errant ey veror 40-3 Area: Circles Pee rie ric} Se eee ret orn 40-6 Surface Area: PCy Prrisuiacss See R Once aor! erates) pore eneu anny RYO Cots) Peon catia nids, Cones, and Spheres Pomc try «altitude (p. 527) Beemer (p.533) Beeyin710) + cone (p. 545) eat ee) Sor a oerb) « lateral area (p. 552) = net (p. 546) Bee) ule) er oeEO) ea eo) a oeo) area (p. 551) Sere)What You'll Learn * To find areas of rectangles * To find areas of parallelograms And Why To use formulas in finding areas of objects, such as the area of a banner S check Sis You'l Need Use A = ¢w and find the third value. 1. A= S4in2,w = 6in, 2. €=35mw=7m 3. A= 25em?,¢= 25m 4. C= 72 fw =72 it for Help lesson 3-4 4) New Vocabulary altitude Area: Parallelograms PRRs Ctivity. ee Discovering an Area Formula 1. Use a 3 inby-S in. index card. Find the area of the card. 2. Draw a line from one vertex to a point on another side to create a triangle. Cut along that line, 3. Use the pieces to form a parallelogram that is not a rectangle. 4, What is the area of your parallelogram? Explain. ‘The area of a figure is the number of square units it encloses. The rectangle outlined in red encloses 8 square units, each with area 1 em? (1 square centimeter), So, the area of the rectangle is 8 em?. You can use the formula A = b/i to find the area of a rectangle, where b is the length of one side and h is the length of the other. For the rectangle above, A = 4+ 2 = 8, So, the area is 8 cm?, When you find area, the dimensions must be in the same unit. rd @ Problem Solving | Parades Find the area of the marching, __ band’s rectangular banner, Step 1 Change the units so that they are the same. Lyd=3ft Change 1 yard to feet. Step 2 Find the area. = ph Use the formula for the area of a rectangle. i _ Replace b and h with i = OG) the dimensions 7 and 3. =21 simply. The area of the banner is 21 £1. 526 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeGF Wick check 4. Find the area of each rectangle. a im b. 10cm. 3 lft Vy Eeele A rectangle is a special kind of parallelogram. The formula for the area of a parallelogram follows from the formula for the area of rectangle. The height 4 of a parallelogram is the length of an altitude. An altitude is a line segment perpendicular to the line containing a base of the figure and drawn from the side opposite that base. Area of a Parallelogram Ga ai ‘The area of a parallelogram b lee is the product of any base length b and the corresponding height h. For any base ina figure, the jing height is the length of an altitude to that base. Finding Area of a Parallelogram Find the area of each parallelogram. @Ohiline A =bk — weaformuis ive, inath’ =(3.5)(8) Substitute, = 28 ‘Simplify. ‘The area of each is 28 in?. = {33h For: Area Activity 4 5 Use: Interactive Textbook, 10-1 @ Quick Check | 2, Find the area of each parallelogram. a. b. : t 3 in. i ¢. How do the areas of two parallelograms compare when the © dimensions of one are twice the dimensions of the other? 10-1 Area: Parallelograms 527EXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practi Rena) Q Practice by Example Find the area of each parallelogram, Example 1. Syd 2. 10em 526) for — = Im Help 15 ft a d Example 2 4. 5 2m (page 527) 10 in.— - t 10. Find the area of a parallelogram with the given dimensions. a. base 3 cm, height 5 om b. base 9 cm, height 15 em ¢. How do the areas of two parallelograms compare when the dimensions of one are three times the dimensions of the other? © “vply vour skits @ 11. sports A football field is 300 ft long, from goal line to goal line, and 160 ft wide, from sideline to sideline. What is the area of a football field’? Find the area of each parallelogram, 12. 10,560 ft 14. +-——— 7m. 1 ees 14. Sm = 200 em :— Tia | 77in,—+ = a 4 Coordinate Geometry The vertices of a parallelogram are given, Draw each parallelogram. Find its area, 2 16. A(0,0), B(3, 0), C(4, 3), DUI, 3) aa 2m eat @ nine 17. W(—2,0), X(~3,3), ¥2,0), Z(1,3) icra 4m Homework Video Tutor ansbrieduisliats 18. Find the area of the figure at the right. Web Code: ade 1001 Assume that all angles are right angles, Tm 528 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeMath The two parallelograms below have the same perimeter. Are the areas the same? Explain An 3m @ cattenge Reasoning In Exercises 20 and 21, find the ratio of the areas of the parallelograms (smaller to larger). Justify each answer. 20. The bases are the same length. The height of one parallelogram is twice the height of the other. 21. ‘The height and the length of a base of one parallelogram are both twice those of the other parallelogram. 22. Open-Ended You want to make a 400-ft? vegetable garden. You plan to build a fence to keep the rabbits out. To spend the least amount of money, you want to use as little fencing as possible. a. Draw and list three possible dimensions for your garden b. Which of the three will need the least amount of fencing? Find the area of each shaded region. Assume that all angles that appear to be right angles are right angles. 23. Sit 24, Im 28m 28m 4m 28m _ 2.8m T @25. a. Landscaping Find the area of the yard at the left. Assume that | RP ft 430 all angles that appear to be right angles are right angles. Gort Je og b. How many square yards of sod do you need to cover the yard? c. One bag of fertilizer covers approximately 2,000 ft”. How many bags should you buy to cover the yard? ice) ‘Multiple Choice 26, Square ABCD has perimeter x units. What is ts area in terms of x? A. Sunits? B. a2 units? C. units? —D. ff units? 27. A parallelogram has base 18 cm and height 9 cm. What is its area? F 27cm? GG, 81. cm? H. 162cm? J, 324 cm? 28. What is the side length of a square with area 16 cm? A. 256cm? —B. 32 cm? Cc 8cm D. 4cm 29. A rectangle has base r and height s. Which formula gives its area? RA=P? GA=S H. A= rs J. A= 2r +25 Waalinetesson quiz, PHSchookcom, Web Code: aHe-1001 10-1 Area: Parallelograms 529Short Response Read the passage below before doing Exercises 30 and 31. Political Sign Regulations Set ‘The City Council issued the fol- 2. Sign areas may not exceed 32 £2. lowing regulations for political 3.Signs cannot be more than 6 ft signs in the upcoming election: in height. 1. Only one sign may be posted on 4. Allsigns must be removed no later a single lot of land. than 7 days after the election, 30. You wish to display a sign that is 6 ft high. What is the greatest width it can have? 31, Asign with area 24 ft? is at least 1 ft high. Write an inequality that shows all possible values for its base length b. Dee 530 for Help Lesson 9-10 Lesson 9.2 Lesson 5-4 ‘The endpoints of a segment are given. Graph each segment and its image after a rotation of 90° about the or 32. A(5,8),B(2,4) 33. C(0,3),D(3,-5) 34, E(—2, -3), F(-2,4) 35. Find the measures of two supplementary angles if the difference of their measures is 56°. Simplify each expression, 2.01 36. $°23 38. 33-9 39. 3 Pharmacists dispense medications. They also talk to their customers about the possible side effects of medications. To do this, they must thoroughly understand how prescription drugs are made. Sometimes a doctor prescribes a special medication that a pharmacist must mix. The pharmacist must measure the ingredients in the exact proportions that the patient needs. Ina situation such as this, mathematics is essential. Lime For: information about pharmacists eusLcon Web Code: adb-2031 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeActivity Lab When you know the perimeter of one of two similar figures, you can find the perimeter of the other figure. | * Ona piece of grid paper, draw a 3 unit-by-4 Fi unit rectangle. 4 | © Draw three than but si ferent rectangles, each larger lar to the original rectangle. | Label them I, Il, and IIL. 1. Use your rectangles to complete a table like the one below, 23 +4) = 14 / . . . 7 . 2. Use the information in the table from Question 1 to complete a table like the one below. | 3. Use the table from Question 2. a, Reasoning How is the ratio of perimeters related to the ratio i of corresponding sides? Explain. b. How is the ratio of areas related to the ratio of corresponding sides? Explain. ¢. Without using grid paper, find the perimeter of a rectangle similar to the original rectangle you drew but with sides half as long, © d. Find the area of the rectangle. When you know the area of one of two similar figures, you can use a proportion to find the area of the other figure. Activity Lab Perimeter and Area of Similar Figures 5311Parallelogram GRAM is similar to parallelogram POQNO. Parallelogram GRAM has an area of 54 in Find the area of parallelogram PONO. The ratio of corresponding sides is 3, or 4. The ratio of the areas is 5, or 5. 3in.O G f= Gi wes picpoman Ta 54. Use cross-products. 49 Solve for A, © The area of parallelogram PQNO is 6 i EXERCISES Each pair of parallelogram is similar. Find the perimeter of each parallelogran ao 2. 4.5 mis Jem 45mm mm Tem Each pair of parallelograms is similar. Find the ratio of perimeters and the ratio of areas for each pair. 3. 4, rs ; Pm LA Sit ft 4m 2 win similar. Find the area of the ‘< Finding Area of a Triangle | Find the area of the triangle. sin Sm oh Replace b with 8 and h i with 3. -+—— 8m i ‘Simplify. | 12. cm2, SF Quick check 1. Find the area of each triangle. " Seis * Sm 2m ee } 82 ft——1 54m What You'll Learn * To find areas of triangles * To find areas of trapezoids situations, such as construction S Check kis You'll Need Find each product. | 14-16 24+14-6 34-5615 ah -25-8 for Help Lesson 5-8 W§) New Vocabulary + altitude of a triangle 10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 533Gaz Real-World @ Problem Solving Gridded Response How much siding does a builder need to cover the side of the house shown at the left? Area of triangle Area of rectangle A=hon A=Dh olSlSla 1 olSlB|8 : =4-16-9 =16-10 | BiBigie =2 = 160 SSS\s i md e |) 5) | Add to find the total: 72 + 160 = 232, SBS | 4 BlB B's | ‘The builder needs 232 ft? of siding. [a5 |>15| Si Quick check | 2. Find the area of the shaded figure. 4yd itt 4 yd é Cee PAM A diagonal divides a trapezoid into two triangles. Notice that the triangles have the same height but different bases, You can add the areas of the triangles to find the area of Aes) Test-Taking Tip the trapezoid, To find the area of an irregular figure, you A— Sem may need to use more than one area formula, Make sure — you know the area formulas for triangles, B cm c parallelograms, and trapezoids Area of AABC Area of AADC A=}bh aheo-g 18 ‘The areas of the two triangles are 18 cm? and 12 cm?. The area of the trapezoid is the sum of the areas of the two triangles, 30 em? You can use this information to find a formula for the area of a trapezoid, 534° Chapter 10 Area and VolumeIna trapezoid, the parallel sides are its bases. For the figure at the right the bases are b and by. The height is A. ‘The area of the trapezoid is $h)h + booh. | by By using the Distributive Property, you can see that 4h + Adah is Ma(b, + In), So, the area of the trapezoid is h(b, + by). Area of a Trapezoid The area of a trapezoid is half the by product of the height and the sum of the lengths of the bases. by Real-World @ Problem Solving Erie Canal The Erie Canal opened in 1825 and was hailed as an engineering marvel. Below is a cross section of the Erie Canal. Find the area of the trapezoidal cross section. +40 ft wide 1 +28 fit wide A =4}h(by + b>) Use the formula for the area of a trapezoid. An) -aGmn +A) Rephacs witha. ky an ane, peer, oe = 2°40 bec aetee pa with 26; anal WIA ‘The Erie Canal is 363 miles intength simplify. | The area of the cross section is 136 {1 SB Quick check | 3. Find the area of each trapezoid. oo T b. 24mm | 1 . ie _ | 33 mm 10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 535EXERCISES Genie ene) es, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. @ Practice by Example Find the area of each ea 12m Example 1 4in. for (290533 a tp in 3 “\ 13m ——i6m— Example 2 Find the area of each shaded figure. (page 534) 20 m 4. dom 5. Sem aan 2em @ 6. Interior Design A designer wants to cover the wall shown at the left below with wallpaper. How much wallpaper does she need? tot 6 ft! ‘tt 10 fe 18 ft 12h Example 3@ 7. Shipping One end of an air cargo container has the shape shown (page 535) at the right above. Find the area of the trapezoid. Find the area of each trapezoid. 8 4om_ 9, T 10. | Tin. 5 4 etn * 3in. © sono 11, Reasoning A triangle and a parallelogram both have arcas of 20cm? and bases of 5 em. How do their heights compare? 12. Wiiting in Math Are (}-3)-S8and3+(J+8) equa this can help in finding the area of a triangle. ? Explain how 13. A trapezoid has area 50 in.”. The two bases are 5 in. and 15 in, What is the height of the trapezoid? 14, Open-Ended Sketch and label two different triangles so that both have areas of 180 in? 536 Chapter 10 Area and Volume:" Find the area of each shaded region. @oline 12in. Homework Video Tutor 15. gem 36 2em 1 ‘Visit: PHSchool.com FE q ‘Web Code: ade-1002 4cm| 10 in. b d 10cm e Challenge Reasoning In Exercises 17 and 18, find the ratios of the areas of the trapezoids (larger to smaller). Justify each answer. [10 em . A B17. The height and the lengths of the bases of one trapezoid are all wwice - those of the other trapezoid. Sem, 48. The trapezoids have the same height. One trapezoid has base D c lengths 6 and 2b. The other has base lengths b and 4b. x 4m © 19. ABCD (left) is a rectangle. What is the area of the shaded region? 20. What are possible dimensions for a triangle with area 32 cm?? A.b=4cm Bb=2cm Cb=8cm D.b=6cm h=8cm — h=16cm = h= Bem h=8cm 21. A trapezoid has an area of 56 in?. One base is 6 in. and the height is 8 in. What is the length of the other base? F. 6in. G.8in H. 10/in. J. 14in. Short Response What is the number of square units in each figure? Show your work. Be 23. : f 1 " 17.5 10 4 CSG Lesson 10-1 Find the area of each parallelogram. for Help 24, 24m 25. 1m 4m / {12m / 50m Lessons 7-1 and 7-3 Solve each equation. 26.16+2y=9 — 27.5Sa+2=105 28. 4b-10=24 Lesson 6-9 29, Suppose you bought two books for $15. The original prices of the two books were the same, but you were able to buy one for half price. What was the full price of each book? Woline esson quiz, PHSchool. com, Web Code: da-1002 10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 537What You'll Learn To find areas of circles © To find areas of irregular figures that include parts of circles, .-/And Why To use area formulas in real-world situations, such as finding the amount of {grass needed to cover a Gircular region S creck Sits You'l Need Simplify each expression, 1.3.14 + 4? 2.3.14 + 5? 3.3.14 + 9? 4.3.14 - 0.5% for Help Lesson 4-2 Area: Circles 1. Use a compass to draw a cirele. Cut out the circle, 2. Fold the circle in half, and then in half again, Fold it in half a third and fourth time, 3. Cut out the 16 wedges that you have formed with the folds. 4. Arrange the wedges in a row as shown below. 5. Notice that the new shape resembles a parallelogram. How does the base of the parallelogram (the side shown in red) relate to the circumference of the circle? How does the height of the parallelogram relate to the radius of the circle? 6. Use the formula for the area of a parallelogram to estimate the area of your circle. ° ‘The diagram above shows the relationship between the area of a circle and a figure that is like a parallelogram. The height h of the parallelogram is about the same as the radius r of the circle. The base b is about half the circumference C of the circle. ‘You can use the formula for the area of a parallelogram to suggest the formula for the area of a circle, A=bh Use the formula for the area of a parallelogram. A=(4c)(r) Substitute $C for b and rfor h. A=4Q2nr)+r Substitute 22r for C. Azar ‘simplify. 538 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeArea of a Circle ‘The area of a circle equals the product of and the square of the radius r. Aaa You can express the exact area of a circle by using 7. Find the exact area of a circle with diameter 12 em, A=xr = n(6 raftr=6 36m Simplify. © The area is 36% cm’. SJ uick check 1, Find the exact area of a circle with radius 50 in. ing Area of a Circle For real-world situations, you usually want an approximate value for the area of a circle. If you are finding an approximate area, use 3.14 or the value provided by a calculator for z. GED Real-World @ Problem Solving logy The size of a jaguar’s territory depends on how much food is available. In a situation where there is plenty of food, the circular territory of the jaguar may be as small as 3 mi Find the area of such a region to the nearest s A=ar (1.5 Jor =15 = 2x exact area = (2.25)(3.14) Use 3.14 for x. = 7.065 approximate area The area of the region is about 7 mi*. A Quick check 2, Find the approximate area of a circle with radius 6 mi. @oline Video Tutor Help Visit: PHSchook com Web Code: ada.0775 Ouex | @leulator, see page 789. jorld @ Conne During a drought a jaguar may need to search for food in a territory as large as 6 mi in diameter. 103 Area: Circles 539PEE ea ‘To find the area of an irregular figure, you can sometimes separate it into figures with areas you know how to find. Multiple Choice A pound of grass seed covers approximately 675 fC. Grass seed comes in 3-Ih bags. Find the area of the lawn at the right below. How many bags of grass seed do you need to buy to cover the lawn? Problem Solving B® 4 bags 3 bags 45 ft > 2 bags D> I bag | = SF Teattotim ty | Area of region that is one half of a circle | Remember to follow | area of circle = 7 the order of ee Sansui | area of half circle = Sar finding the area of a circle or half a circle, 3.14)(15) Replace # with 3.14 and r with 15. Square the radius first, | a=35325 and then multiply by an approximation of x. | Area of region that is a rectangle area of rectangle = bh Awms5-28 Replace b with 45 and h with 25. A= 1,125 | The area of the lawn is about 353 £2 + 1,125 f2 = 1,478 £2. 1,478 + 675 = 2.19 Divide to find the amount of seed. ‘You need to buy one 3-[b bag of grass seed. The answer is D. Sick check 3. Find the area of the shaded region to the nearest tenth. Wem 55m Sem 540 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeEXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. Es ieee erat ig @ Practice by Example Find the area of each circle. Give the exact area, and an approximate Examples 1 and2 a¥ea to the nearest square unit. ce ea 2 (am) ED ou” '@ @ 4, Recreation A standard dartboard has a diameter of 18 in. What is its area to the nearest square inch? @ 5. Culinary Arts A culinary student decorates an 8-in.-diameter round cake. What is the approximate area of the top of the cake? Example3 Find the area of each figure to the nearest square unit. buen? 6. 10 in—+1 7. Tin Find the area of each shaded region to the nearest square unit. 8. 9% 10m: 10. 12mm $ |20mi 6mm. 40 ft @ 11. Lawn Care A groundskeeper wants to use sod to cover the lawn shown in green in the diagram. Each piece of sod covers 3 ft. ‘About how many pieces of sod are needed?” © Avply Your skills Number Sense Match each object with its most likely area, 12. dinner plate A. 0.8 in? 13. quarter B. 110in2 14, 12-in. circular pizza © Tin? 45, jar lid D. 16,000 in? 16. the center circle on a basketball court —_E. 80 in? @ 17. Pool Design Covering for the pool border is sold by the square yard (whole-number amounts only). It costs $20/yd”. a, What is the area of the border in square feet? b. About how much will the covering cost? 10-3 Area:Circles 541Visit: PHSchool com ‘Web Code: ade-1003 Find the area of each circle. Give the exact area, and an approximate area to the nearest tenth. 18. r=12mi 19. r= 0.3m 20, d=15in. 21. d=84mm 22, Open-Ended Describe a real-life situation, not used in this lesson, where you might use the formula for the area of a circle. 23. Which has a greater area, four circles, each with radius | m, or one circle with radius 4 m? Explain. 24. How many circles with radius 2 cm will have the same total area asa circle with radius 4 em? Find the area of each shaded region to the nearest square unit. 4om 26. 25. 4em| Sem. 28. Writing in Math What is the area of the largest circle that will fit in asquare with area 64 cm?? Explain. @ chatenge @ 29. Can Lids A manufacturer cuts lids for eight cans from one rectangular sheet of aluminum as shown at the left. a. What is the radius of each lid’? b, How many square inches of aluminum do the lids require? ¢. How many square inches of aluminum are wasted? Consumer Issues You can buy a 10-in. diameter pizza for $6.50, 12-in. pizza for $8.50, or a 14-in. pizza for $10.50. a, What is the area of each pizza to the nearest square inch? b. What is the price per square inch of each pizza? © Reasoning Is the largest pizza the best buy? Explain, ‘Multiple Choice Short Response For Exercises 31-33, what is the exact area of each circle having radius r or diameter d? 31 r= 11 mi AL 5.5m Boaiemi2? — C 22emi2 DD. 1217 mi? 32. r=}m B jam? Gem Hm? J. 2x m? 33. d= 12in. A. 2.4nin2 D. 0.187 in2 34, Which has a greater area, (a) a circle with radius 2 m or a square with side length 2m? (b) Explain your answer. 542 chapter 10 Area and VolumeCees Lesson 10-2 Find the area of each figure. s 35. 36. Help Smi ed 3 mi Tyd Lesson 9-4 37. Square ABCD has side length Sin. 4 Xp ABXY is isosceles. Its congruent 7 sides have length 2 in, How many triangles congruent to ABXY can you cut from square ABCD? D c Lesson5-3 Find each sum or difference. B+ 52 2 - 43 Tas Tos 3842452 39.5348 40. f +8 41.3 -3 Find the area of each figure. 10in, 20 in. 2 ee 5 10 in. 10in, 10in. = - 350m 6. : 25m 15m ie 70 em 20m Find the area of each figure. Give the exact area, and an approximate area to the nearest square unit. Woinetesson quiz, PHSchool.com, Web Code: da 1003 103 Area:Circles 543Hands-On. 0-4 A solid isa Isometric Dot Paper Rectangular three-dimensional figure. : : Graph Paper SS coo Pon st : : Front. n c You can draw a solid in de, oF" COT) perspective (p.548) to show that itis three-dimensional. You can use isometric ‘You can use rectangular dot paper to draw a graph paper to draw top, three-dimensional view. front, and side views. Draw the top, front, and right-side views of the solid. Isometric Top Front Right Side EXERCISES Draw the top, front, and right-side views of each solid. 5. The top, front, and right-side views are given. Draw an isometric view on isometric dot paper. Top Front Right Side H - = 544 Activity Lab Three Views of an ObjectSpace Figures Deni Eons The figures below are common three-dimensional figures, also called space figures or solids. The space figures you will study in this book are prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. Vertex J+ Laterat edge Bases Lateral face P base ege ——SQY > Base Prism Pyramid ‘A prism has two parallel A pyramid) has a base that bases that are congruent i a polygon. The lateral faces polygons, and lateral faces are triangles. that are parallelograms. So vertex Bases Lateral surface Base Cylinder Cone A oylinder has two A cone has one circular parallel bases that are base and one vertex. congruent circles. Sphere A a is the set of all space that are a given alone froma given point called the center. a What You'll Learn * To identify common space figures * To identify space figures from nets often used in constructing buildings S check skits You'll Need Judging by appearance, classify each polygon. AH | ¢@ for Help Lesson 9-3 wm) New Vocabulary « space figures + prism + pyramid cylinder cone sphere net 10-4 Space Figures 545‘You can use the shape of a base to help you name a space figure. GEEZIEED taming space Figures For each figure, describe the bases and name the figure. 1° f ‘&B ‘The bases are triangles. ‘The bases of the prism are Real-World @ Connection |The figure is a trapezoids. The figure is a aes | triangular prism, trapezoidal prism. This space figure displays the = 73,000-ft2 "Rainbow" by — Corita Kent. SF Mick Check | 4, Name each figure. a. ane ‘A PEE A fet is a pattern you can form into a space figure. ‘Name the space figure you can form from each net. a b. jures From Nets | With a hexagonal base and With two triangular bases triangular sides, you can and rectangular sides, you form a hexagonal pyramid. can form a triangular prism. GRE 9 Muck check Pa 2. Name the space figure you can form from each net. arewangular pre nae b wath sircongracst square faces. 546 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeEXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. Eira) @ Practice by Example Example 1 (page 546) Example 2 (page 546) © roo rou site Gira Lateral means “on the side.” The lateral faces of a prism or pyramid are the surfaces that| connect with a base. See page 545. For each figure, describe the base(s), if any, and name the figure. Name the space figure you can form from each net. z & ATV 9. For Exercises 13-15, write the most precise name for each space figure that has the given properties. 13. four lateral faces that are triangles 14, three lateral faces that are rectangles 15. a lateral surface and one circular base 16. What type of space figure does each object suggest? a. ashoe box b.ateepee ¢. a basketball Open Ended Draw a net for each space figure. 17. pentagonal pyramid 18, an object in your classroom 19, Multiple Choice Which net can be folded to make a cube? ] ®D Ul 10-4 Space Figures 547@ aniline Homework Video Tutor Visit: PHSchool.com ‘Web Code: ade-1004 20. A net is made of 4 congruent rectangles and 2 congruent squares whose sides are the same length as the shorter sides of the rectangles. Name a space figure you can form from this net, Match each container with the correct net. 21. go” 23. “gg A. i c F—h 24, Mtiting in Math Suppose you see a net for a rectangular prism and anet for a rectangular pyramid. Explain how you can match each net with its name. 25. Draw a net to represent a rectangular box that is 10 cm long, 8 em wide, and 4 cm high, Label dimensions on the net. Q aratienge 26. A cube is easy to draw in one-point perspective, Draw a cube in one-point perspective by following the steps below. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 1 Begin by drawing a square for the front. Draw a horizon line parallel to one horizontal edge of your square. Select a vanishing point on the horizon line. Step 2 Draw lines, called vanishing lines, from the vertices of the square to the vanishing point. Step 3 Draw a line segment parallel to the horizon line. Use this segment to determine the top and back edges. Step 4 Draw dashed lines for the hidden back vertical and horizontal edges. Erase the horizon line and unnecessary parts of the vanishing lines. 27. Using steps like those suggested in Exercise 26, make a one-point perspective drawing of each figure. a. triangular prism b. cylinder 548 Chapter 10 Area and Volumeio Ilultiple Choice 28. Which of the following is a net for a cylinder? A e B. oO 29. Which space figure can you form from the net? F. hexagonal pyramid G. triangular pyramid | H. triangular prism J. hexagonal prism 30. Which space figure has three lateral faces that are triangles? A. triangular pyramid B. pentagonal prism C. square prism D. triangular prism 31. Which space figure has 6 faces that are all regular quadrilaterals? F. triangular pyramid G. pentagonal prism H. square prism J. triangular prism 32. A rectangular prism has how many faces? A2 Ba C6 D8 Short Response 33. a, Drawa net for a cylinder that has diameter 4 in. and height 6 in. b. Label your drawing. Diane Lesson 10-3 For each circle, find the exact area and an approximate area. for Help 34, 35. 36. Lessons 9-4 @ 37. Mowing Lawns A rectangular yard is 20 ft by 40 ft. Your lawn mower will mow a 2-ft-wide path, What is the least number of turns you must make to mow the lawn? Lesson 8-3 Write each equation in slopes 38, 3x — tercept form. =6 39.2x-2y=10 40, —8y ~ 16 = 24x. oinertesson quie, PASchool.com, Web Code ate-1094 10-4 Space Figures 549Ifyou cut a label from a can, you will see that the label is a rectangle. The area of the can covered by the label is the lateral area of the can. Rea ae * Cover the sides of several cans with paper. * For each can, make sure your paper covers it from top to bottom. Soyumime Peaches Match the edges of the paper carefully, making sure they don’t | overlap. * Take the paper off the can. Measure the length and width of the | paper. Find the area of the paper. 1. Copy and complete the table below. Extend it as Length of | Width of | Lateral Area Paper Paper of Can, [= . . : 7 a needed, 2. Add a column to your table. Measure the diameter of the top of each can. Record the diameters in your table. 3. Add another column to your table. a. Calculate the circumference of each can. Record the circumferences in your table. b. Reasoning How is the circumference of the can related to the length of the rectangle of paper? Explain. 4, Multiple Choice Suppose you are using the paint roller at the right to paint a wall. Which is closest to the area that the roller will cover in one complete roll? B® 2in2 © & 84in? B Slin2 D> 85 in? 550 Activity Lab Wrapping CylindersSurface Area: Prisms and Cylinders nea Prisms and cylinders can be right or oblique. Ep’ & Right prism Oblique prism Right cylinder Oblique cylinder In this text, you may assume that prisms and cylinders are right unless otherwise stated. is the sum of the areas of the base(s) and the lateral faces of a space figure. One way to find the surface area of a space figure is to find the area of its net. You measure surface area in square units. GC==> Finding Surface Area Using a Net | Find the surface area | of the rectangular I prism using a net. sin 5 in, 2 40 in? _|— 20 in.—+| 40 in? sin [one Draw and label a net. Find the area of each rectangle Sin.| 100 in? in the net. 8in.| 160in2 sin.|_ 100in2 40 + 40 + 160 + 100 + 160 + 100 = 600 Add the areas. | The surface area is 600 in.2, SF Quick Check | 1. a. Find the surface area of the triangular prism. b. A similar triangular prism oy has dimensions twice those shown here. 3yd [Ne Find its surface area ¢. How do surface areas of 4yd © similar prisms compare when dimensions are doubled? What You'll Learn ‘To find surface areas of prisms * To find surface areas of cylinders -+-And Why To find the amount of material needed in packaging S check Skils You'll Need Find the circumference of each circle with the given radius or diameter. 1. 2r=42em 3.d=8ft 4.d=68in. for Help Lesson 9 ™) New Vocabulary + surface area + lateral area Sin, 105 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 551Tae Another way to find the surface area of a prism is to use the lateral eri lel area and the base areas, I of prism is the sum of oma bests rey ee) the areas of the lateral faces. the same letters in the formulas for surface Perimeter of base area and lateral area ee heed [Base|b eauioee @ |b, © |d able la h Ih Basel» “Area of perimeter height c ee L.A= Lateral Area ph Surface Area = L.A. + 2B To find surface area, it is a good idea to find lateral area first. Surface Area of a Prism The lateral area of a prism is the product” Perimeter of base of the perimeter of the base and the height. >; LA. = ph hl B represents the area ‘The surface area of a prism is the sum of the of a base. For a list of lateral area and the areas of the two bases, re# 0! base area formulas, see the table on page 802. SA. =L.A.+2B GREZIEED Finding surface Area Using Formulas Find the surface area of the triangular prism at the right. | Step 1 Find the lateral area. LA. = ph Use the formula for lateral area. For a guide to =(5+5+6)12 +5 +6andh reading a formula, see page 557. ie Step 2 Find the surface area, SA.=LA.+2B Use the formula for surface area 192 +2(5-6-4) La. = 192+ 24 =216 | The surface area of the triangular prism is 216 cm. S Wick check © 2. Find the surface area of the prism at the right. 6m 552 Chapter 10 Area and Volume2 ing Surface Areas of Cylinders Ifyou cut a label from a soup can, you will see that the label is a rectangle. The height of the rectangle is the height of the can. The base length of the rectangle is the circumference of the can. For: Surface Area Activity Uso: Interactive Textbook, 1055 vaca FA, s 2ar © Area of a base Bear SA.=LA.+2B Surface Area of a Cylinder ‘The lateral area of a cylinder is the product Bisthe area of the circumference of the base and the “yotalbar height of the cylinder. LA. = 2arh ‘The surface area of a cylinder is the sum of the lateral area and the areas of the two bases. SA. = LA. + 2B Finding Surface Area of a Cylinder Packaging Find the surface area of the ean at the right. Step 1 Find the lateral area. LA. = 2arh Use the formula for lateral area. = 2(3.14)(3.5)(11.5) r=35andh= 115. = 253 Step 2 Find the surface area. | SA.=LA.+2B Use the formula for surface area. i = 253 + 2(3.14)(3.5)?_ LA. = 253 and B = 4(3.5)7. ~253+77 = 330 the surface area of the can is about 330 cm?. SB Quick Check @3. Find the surface area of a can with radius 5 cm and height 20 cm. 105 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 553EXERCISES Geer er Q Practice by Example Find, to the nearest square unit, the surface area of the space figure Example 1 "Presented by each net, (pages51) 4, 2 for a isin, [is 15in. Help (Them — 6m $420 in, fe om 6m ee ean 30m 3. The base of a rectangular prism is 3 in, by 5 in. The height is 11 in. a. Draw and label a net for the prism. b. Find the surface area of the prism ¢. A similar rectangular prism has dimensions three times the dimensions of the given prism, Find its surface area. d. How do surface areas of similar prisms compare when. dimensions are tripled? Example 2 Find the surface area of each prism. (page 552) 5 16 mm Dam 7 10m 3in, con a " 15 em Som = Gin, Sin. 4om Sin, 10in. Example3_ Find the surface area of the cylinder shown or represented. Round to (page 553) the nearest tenth. 56cm 10. 48m 1, 12. ai es — 7.2m fee 1oyd 554 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeO13. © vpiy Your skits 14, 15. 16. ev. 18. @1. Visit PHSchool.com Web Code: ede-1005 20. 21. 22. @23. 24, Q crattenge nlinetesson gui, PHSchook.com, Web Code: aca-1005 Gift Wrapping Juliet is trying to wrap a can of mixed nuts that is a birthday gift for her brother. The can has a radius of 8 cm and a height of 10 em. Approximately how many square centimeters of wrapping paper will cover the gift? A cylinder has radius 8 {t and height 12 ft. Draw and label a net for the cylinder. Find its surface area Find the surface area of a square prism with base edge 7 m and height 15 m. Find the area of the top and lateral surface of a cylindrical water tank with radius 20 ft and height 30 ft. ‘Multiple Choice A tent is approximately the shape of a triangular prism. Which is closest to the surface area. of the tent? RD 10,800 in? <> 6,840 in? Ain, ® 7,632 in? D> 1,020 in? Find the surface area of a cylinder with radius 10 em and height 8 em. Painting The neighborhood swimming pool needs to be painted The pool is 40 ft by 60 ft, The depth of the pool is 6 ft throughout. a. How many sides need to be painted? b. What is the total number of square feet to be painted? ¢. The materials for painting the pool cost $1.50 per square yard. ‘What is the cost of the materials for painting the pool? 10 ft — loft Writing in Meth In a triangular prism, what is the difference between the height of a base and the height of the prism? Error Analysis A student explains that the two cylinders at the right have the same surface area. Explain the student’s error Open-Ended Describe a real-world situation in which you need to know the surface area of a space figure. Packaging You have made two boxes with lids. Which box required more cardboard, a box 8 in. by 6.25 in. by 10.5 in.,or a box 9 in. by 5.5 in. by 11.75 in.? Explain. LZ A Reasoning Use the cubes with side lengths of 1,2, and 3 units. a. Find the surface area of each f cube. Bt If the length of each side of a cube is doubled, how does that affect the surface area? ¢ If the length of each side of a cube is tripled, how does that affect the surface area? b. 10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 555@ 25. Construction The concrete figure at the left has a hole in it. The surface will be painted except for the inside of the hole. Find the total surface area to be painted to the nearest square foot. 26. Reasoning Which has the greater effect on the surface area of a cylinder: doubling the base radius or doubling the height? Justify your answer. Test Prep Multiple Choice 27. Which figure would cost more to paint? ; A. the square prism Sem] | B. the cylinder ©. They would cost the same. D. cannot be determined 28, What is the approximate surface area of the space figure 27cm represented by the net? 8,777 cm? G. 8,333 cm? H. 8,202 cm? J. 4,387 cm? 29. Each edge of cube is 40 cm long. What is the surface area of the cube? Use 2.5 cm ~ 1 A. 256in? —B. 1,536 in? C. 3,840in? _D, 9,600 in? 30. A cylinder has height 10 in. and base radius 2.5 in. What is its lateral area, to the nearest whole unit? B 235in?— G.215in? HL 196 in? J, 157 in? Pe for [sson10-4 Name each space figure, Help 33. Lesson 9-9 Graph each point and its image after a reflection over the given line, 34, AQO,9);x-axis 35. B(-3,5),y-axis 36. C3, —1):x = 2 Lesson 6-2 @ 37. Recipes A recipe that serves 6 people calls for } teaspoon of salt. In preparing this recipe for 25 people, about how many teaspoons of salt should you use? 556 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeGPS Guided Problem Solving For Use With Page 555, Exercise 20 Understanding Math Problems For the problem below, let Diana's thinking guide you through using the formulas. Check your understanding with the exercises at the bottom of the page. 10 ft <= wo Error Analysis A student explains that the two cylinders at the right have es: ft ae the same surface area. Explain the student’s error. What Diana Thinks | First I need to use the formula for the surface area of a cylinder. For L.A.,use the formula 22rh and for | Byuse ztr?. r indicates the radius of each | base and h indicates the height of each cylinder. \ For the cylinder on the left, ris 5 and is 4, Now I will substitute these values and simplify. | For the cylinder on the right, ris 2 and his 10. will substitute these values again and simplify. ‘Compare the surface areas. Then answer the question. EXERCISES What Diana Writes fae SALA +265 S.A. = 2nrh + 2(nr) Cylinder on Left S.A. = 2(3.14)(5)(4) + 2(5.14)(5)? = 282.6 Cylinder on Right S.A. = 2(5.14)(2)(10) + 2(3.14)(2)? 50.72 “The surface areas are not equal. The student incorrectly assumed that you can interchange diameter and height and have the same surface areas. Write the formula you use to find the surface area of each figure. Give the meaning and value of each letter or letters in the formula. 1 3in, 4, Error Analysis For Exercise 3, Hans says that the surface area of the cylinder is 12.56 m?, ‘What is his error? Guided Problem Solving Understanding Math Problems 557Surface Area: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres What You'll Learn 11 | Finding Surface Areas of Pyramids * To find surface areas of pyramids # To find surface areas of In this text, all pyramids are regular pyramids. They have regular cones and spheres polygons for bases and congruent isosceles triangles for lateral faces. -. And Why ‘To find surface areas of real- world objects, such as a basketball SP check skils You'll Neod Use the Order of Operations to simplify You can use the slant height ¢, the height of a face, to find the area each expression, of the lateral faces. If is the number of lateral triangular faces, Ape) ort 2¢on) + (82) LA. is n(4b0) ordpe. 2.3(12m) + 2(152) : 5 Surface Area of a Pyramid 3.2 (24a) + 4(33 e(42) + 5Gn) ‘The lateral area of a pyramid is one half the product 4.3(32n) + 4(4n) of the perimeter of the base and the slant height. ‘The surface area of a pyramid is the sum of the for Help lateral area and the area of the base. son oh, E © Rew vocthulery LA. = 4pe SA.=LA +B «slant height ez Finding Surface Area of a Pyramid Find the surface area of the square pyramid. 16cm Step 1 Find the lateral area. L.A. = }pC Use the formula for lateral area. en 12m Use the formula for surface area, 84+ 12? LA. = 384 andB = 122, = 384 + 144 28 ‘The surface area of the pyramid is 528 em?. 558° Chapter 10 Area and VolumeGF Quick check | 4. A pyramid has a square base with edge 20 ft. The slant height is © 811. Find the surface area. 2 WIE ee Slant In this text, every cone is a right Heche circular cone with the vertex of the ‘ | cone directly over the center of the \ r circular base. sh é. LA. is }(Qnr)€ or L.A.= are. Circumference For: Surface Area Activity Use: Interactive Textbook, 10-6 Surface Area of a Cone ‘The surface area (S.A.) of a cone is the sum of the lateral area and base area. LA sare SA =LA+B GE==> Finding Surface Area of a Cone | Find the surface area of the cone at the right. L.A. = mr€_ Use the formula for lateral area. ifr 14(4)(10) r= Band ¢ = 10. 125.6 SA. = L.A. + B_ Use the formula for surface area. = 125.6 + 3.14(4)? LA. © 125.6 and B = a(4)?. ‘4m. = 125.6 + 50.24 = 175.84 | The surface area of the cone is about 176 em’. GF Quick Check 2. Acone has slant height 39 ft and radius 7 ft. Find its surface area. . online A sphere has the same area as four circles with the same radius. Surface Area of a Sphere ‘The surface area of a sphere of radius r is Ge) : \ 4 Video Tutor Help S.A. = dar’ Visi iSchool.com Web Code: eda-0775 10-6. Surface Area: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 559I 10in, — Ez==»>) Real-World @) Problem Solving | Basketball Caleulate the surface area of a basketball. S.A. = 4a? = 4(3.14)(5)7 314 Use the formula for surface area, | The surface area of the basketball is about 314 in. SG Quick check © 3. A sphere has a radius of 6 em. Find its surface area. You can find the surface area of a space figure that combines two or more figures you have studied. More Than One Way: Find the surface area of the silo formed by a half sphere and a cylinder. The diameter of the silo is 20 ft. Roberto’s Method Find the area of each space figure. Then find their sum. One half sphere Cylinder S.A = Kan) LA. = 2arh = §aya.s4y10%) = 2(8.14)(10)(72) = 628 4521.6 Surface area of silo is about 62B + 4,521.6, or 5,149.6 f12, vasmine’s Method Combine formulas before substituting values. Surface area = 45,4, + LA of silo of sphere of cylinder = daar) + 2arh 2a? + 2arh 2ar(r + h) = 2(3.14)(10)(10 + 72) = 5149.6 Surface area of silo ie about 6,149.6 ft, Choose a Method 1. Which method do you prefer? Explain. 560 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeEXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. Grimey er) Q Practice by Example Find the surface area of each space figure, to the nearest square unit. Examples1-3. 1+ Rem 2 3: (pages 558 and 560) 15 in. tk > 9 ‘6 in. 10 cnr 10cm 4 4yd 5. 200m 6. 10in, 3d) 3yd y 30cm 7 7. The length of the base of a square pyramid is 7 cm. Its slant height is 4 cm, Find the surface area of the square pyramid. 8. The base of a cone has radius 3 ft. Its slant height is 8 ft, Find the surface area of the cone, @ 9. Engineering A spherical ball bearing has a radius of 8 mm. Find the surface area of the ball bearing. © Avoly Your skis Find the surface area of each space figure, o the nearest square unit. 10. n. ism 12. 1,500 mi 45m 13, Multiple Choice A globe has a diameter of 18 inches. What is the surface area of the globe to the nearest square, inch? 226in? = cB 254in? §— 1,017 in? 4,072 in? 14, Error Analysis A friend tells you that the surface area of a square prism with base length 4 m and height 5 mis the same as the surface area of a square pyramid with base length 4 m and height Sm. Explain your friend's error. Find the surface area of each figure to the nearest square unit, 15. 16. 3m = 12 ft ot 2 @ entine AS Homework Video Tutor ce ee} “ate Pischooicom 6m om 2m Web Code: ade-1005 Walinetesson gus, PHSchookcom, Web Coxe 1006 40-6 Surface Area: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 56118. Wilting jn Math Write a paragraph explaining how to find the surface area of a cone with slant height 10 in. and base radius 8 in. @ ciattenge @ 19. Geography Approximately 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water. If the diameter of Earth is approximately 13,000 km, find the approximate surface area not covered by water. . Architecture The spherical planetarium (left) at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City is 87 ft in diameter. a. What is the surface area of the sphere? b, The sphere is covered by 2,474 panels to absorb sound. What is the average area of each panel, to the nearest tenth of a square foot? 21. Reasoning Which has the greater surface area, a cylinder with height 2 in. and radius of base 2 in., or a sphere with radius Justify your answer. 2 ida What is the surface area of the figure at the right? & A. 2,150 in.2 B. 2,600 in? €. 3,000 in.? D. 3,200 in? 20in. 23. What is the ratio of the surface area a of a sphere with radius 2 ft to the surface area of a sphere with radius 5 ft? F 2toS G.4to25 HH. 1610125 J. 18to.20 Extended Response 24. A water storage tank with a roof that is in the shape of a cone has a diameter of 10 ft. The height of the cylindrical part of the tank is 15 ft. The slant height of the roof is 8 ft. (a) What is the radius of ‘the tank? (b) What is the lateral area of the cylindrical part of the ‘tank? (©) What is the surface area of the entire tank? rc for ‘eon 105 Find the surface area to the nearest square unit. Help Multiple Choice 22, 20 in. tesson8-7 27. Under rate plan A a new computer costs $200 down and $20 a month. Under rate plan B the computer costs $175 down and $25 a month. After how many months will the amount paid be the same for both plans? Lesson 4-1 List all the factors of each number. 28. 21 29. 100 30. 25 31. 32 562 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeVolume: Prisms and Cylinders UREA a ‘The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubic units needed to fill it. A cubic unit is the space occupied by a cube with edges one unit long, Consider filling the rectangular prism at the right with centimeter cubes. dom Sem ‘The bottom layer of the prism contains 8 +5 =40 centimeter cubes, or a volume of 40 cm} (cubic centimeters). mero ‘The prism has four layers of cubes, so it contains 4 40, or 160, centimeter cubes in all, ‘The volume of the prism is 160 cm’. ‘The volume found for the rectangular prism above suggests the following formula. Volume of a Prism The volume V of a prism is the product of the base area B and the height 4. V=Bh What You'll Learn * To find volumes of prisms ‘To find volumes of gylinders «And Why To solve real-world problems, such as finding ‘volumes of containers SP check ills You'll Need Find the area of each circle. 1. radius = 8 cm 2. radius = 12 cm 3. diameter = 20 cm for Help Lesson 16-3 w&)_New Vocabulary + volume «cubic unit 40-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders 563GEZTESD Finding volume of a ah Find the volume of the triangular prism at the left. V=Bh Use the formula for volume. 10cm, = 30-21 B=3-10-6=30 21em | = 630 Simplify. | The volume is 630 cm?, — 6 SF Quick check yan > © 1. Find the volume of the triangular prism. 9 ft Bit CTR ee ‘You can calculate the volume of a cylinder in much the same way that you calculate the volume of a prism. Volume of a Cylinder ‘The volume V of a cylinder is the base area B times the height h. V=Bh Real-World @ Problem ing Multiple Choice What is the volume of the juice ean us to the nearest cubic centimeter? ea Yeu ae catclate both | Ge 128m > 139 cm? 1e volume and the i 3 3 surface area of a i © 256 cm am 96 can three-dimensional i V=Bh ‘Use the formula for volume. figure. Make sure you ism understand both V=arh Baar ssi concepts and use the Replace r with 3.4 correct formula 314-3212 ee = 435.5808 ‘Simplify. The volume is about 436 cm>. The answer is D. Sick check 2. a. Find the volume of the cylinder to the nearest cubic foot, b. How does the volume of this Lit cylinder compare with one © having twice its dimensions? sit 564 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeEXERCISES Crna see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. Q Practice by Example Find the volume of each prism. Example? 1. 2 3. (page 564) 10 em ta Sem, sem . ARM 5m ES 18cm Example2 For Exercises 4~7, find the volume of each cylinder to the nearest (page 564) cubic unit. 7. a. a mailing tube 25 in. long with a diameter of 4 in. b. a mailing tube with double the dimensions in part (a) ¢. How do the volumes of the two mailing tubes compare? © Apply vour skits 8. Multiple Choice Wood for a fireplace is often sold by the cord. A cord is 8 ft X 4 ft x 4 ft, How many cubic feet are in a cord of wood? @ 48 ap 8th we 3218 ® 16 ft @ 9. Storage A storage box measures 24 in. by 12 in. by 3 in. Find its volume to the nearest cubic centimeter (1 in. = 2.54 em). Find each missing dimension, Use x ~ 3.14. 10. t W : 25 tt we 23 ft v=385t0 Length = 12. > 13. 4 13m Sem aigiem: Vv = 50.4 em V = 1,256 m4 Height of triangle = Diameter ~ @® @aline Wiiling in Math Describe one real object with the given shape. Homework Video Tutor Explain why you might want to find the volume of the object. Visit PHSchool.com ‘Web Code: ade-1007 14, triangular prism 15. cylinder 46, rectangular prism @riline lesson que, PHSchook.com, Vie Code ato-1007 10-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders 565@ chatienge @ 17. construction Concrete is sold by the yard, which means by the cubic yard. It costs $70 per yard. How many cubic feet are in a cubic yard? How much would it cost to pour a slab that is, 14 ft by 16 ft by 6 in. for a patio’ Reasoning The two stacks of paper in the photo at the left contain the same number of sheets. The first stack forms an. oblique prism; the second forms a right prism. The stacks have the same height, base, and volume, Use this information to find the volume of the oblique prism shown below the stacks. = 19. Error Analysis A student explains that a cylinder with radius 1 in. and height 3 in. has half the volume of one with radius 2 in. and height 3 in, Explain the student's error. Multiple Choice Extended Response 20. One side of a triangle is 5 cm and its corresponding height is 15 cm. The triangle is the base of a triangular prism with height 5 cm, What is the volume of the prism? A. 25cm? B. 37.5cm? C. 187.5cm3_D. 375.0cm? 21. What is the height of a rectangular prism with length 5 ft, width 2 ft, and volume 120 #32 B 12ft G.10ft H. 6ft J. 2 ft 22. A manufacturer is deciding whether to package table salt in a cylinder or in a rectangular prism made of cardboard. The cylinder has radius 4.cm and height 13.5 cm. The prism is 7 cm by 7 cm by 13.5 cm. a. What volume of salt will each package hold? bb. Each package will use how many square centimeters of cardboard? Which seems to be the better type of package? Explain, LS Lessons 10-5 and 10-6 for Help Lesson 9-2 Lesson 5-6 @ 27. Money Juan has $3.80 in coins, He has 6 Find the surface area of each figure, to the nearest square unit. a 24. 3. i cm 13 cnt 26. Ifa | b in the figure at the right, find the measures of angles 2-8 in terms of x. quarters and 12 dimes, The rest are nickels. How many nickels does he have? 566 Chapter 10 Area and Volume‘A calculator can help you avoid a rounding error. However, you have to know how to work with exact values in unsimplified form. Find the volume of a cylinder with height 6 and circumference 15. Round to the nearest tenth. | Method 1 Method 2 | a C=2ar formula for circumference C = 2mr ) 15 = 2ar c=15 15 = 2nr Ber Divide by 2x. g 24=6r ‘Simplify (at left). V=Bh formula for volume V=Bh =arh Baar =arh = a(2.4)°(6) Replace r and h. = x BY) e = 108.6 Use a calculator. = 107.4 In Method 1, the intermediate value r ~ 2.4 gives a final result that has a greater rounding error. In Method 2, note that the formula for volume uses the exact value of the radius,73. EXERCISES ‘What intermediate value must you find to solve the problem? Give its exact value and its approximate value to the nearest tenth. 1. Find the area of a circle with circumference 12. 2. Find the volume of a cylinder with radius 3 and lateral area 10. Solve cach problem to the nearest tenth by two methods. In one method, use an approximate intermediate value. In the other method, use the exact intermediate value, 3. Find the surface area of a cone with slant height 5 and lateral area 9. 4, Find the surface area of a sphere with circumference 13. 5. Find the surface area and volume of a cylinder with lateral area 10 and eight 8. lath In the Example, which method do you think makes better use of the calculator? Explain. 6. Activity Lab Rounding Error 567aD * To make a model <+/And Why To build the largest box possible from a given rectangle S check skills You'l Need Draw each figure described below, 4. a rectangle with small squares drawn in each corner 2. a rectangle divided into eight congruent rectangles 3. two parallelograms that have different shapes but the same perimeter for Help Lesson 9-3, Make a Model Make a Model Math Strategies in Action When architects and product designers plan projects, they build models. They use many different prototypes to compare sizes and layouts. Real-World @ Problem Solving Packaging A box company makes boxes to hold popcorn. Each box is made by cutting the square corners out of a rectangular sheet of cardboard. The rectangle is st in, by 11 in, What are the dimensions of the box that will hold the most popcorn if the square corners have side lengths 1 in.,2in.,3 in.,and 4 in.? Understand the Problem, 1. What is the goal of the problem? 2. What information do you have to help you build a model? To find the size that will hold the greatest amount of popcorn, you must find the dimensions that will give you the greatest volume. 568 Chapter 10 Area and VolumeBuild four boxes using sheets of 8} in.-by-11 in. paper. Test four whole-number lengths of cuts. 3. a, What are the dimensions of the box with corners 1 in. by 1 in.? b. What is the volume of this box? 4, When you cut a 2 in.-by-2 in. square from each corner, what effect does that have on the length, width, and height of the box? Carry Out the Plan Measure to find the dimensions of each of your boxes. Then find the volume of each box. 5. Which box has the greatest volume? 6. Is it possible to create a box with 5 in.-by-5 in. corners? Explain. A table is another way to organize your information and solve the problem, 7. List the size of the cut, and then find the length, width, and height of the box. Find each volume. GF Wick check 8. a. Use a table to find the volume of a box folded from an 8} in-by-11 in. sheet of paper if the square corners are i in; 24 in. 34 in. b. Did you find dimensions of a box that holds a greater volume than you did in Question 7? Which dimensions are they? 108 Make a Model 569EXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice. Eee) @ Practice by Example Solve by making a model. Example 1 1. You cut square corners off a piece of cardboard with dimensions (page 568) 16 in. by 20 in. You then fold the cardboard to create a box with for no lid. To the nearest inch, what dimensions will give you the Help ; ; ; give y greatest volume? S-Page Signature _ @ 2. Publishing Newspapers, books, and magazines often are printed et 9st in groups of 8, 16, or 32 pages, called signaures.’The diagram at the left shows how pages should be positioned for an 8-page signature. The pages are positioned to print on both sides of the paper that is fed through the printing press. When the paper is folded, the pages are in order. Make a model to show one way to position the pages in a 16-page book. 21 7 is ta Side T Side 2 © Avply vour skills Solve using any strategy. 3. The length of a rectangle is twice its width. The perimeter of the rectangle is 90 cm. What are the length and width? 4, Packaging A company packages snack mix in cylindrical tubes. Each tube is made from a rectangle of cardboard. The bases of the cylinder are plastic. The cardboard comes in 84in.-by-11 in, * Draw a Diagram sheets. To hold the greatest amount of mix, should the longer side © Guess, Check, Revise or shorter side be the height? Justify your answer. * Look for a Pattern ‘+ Make a Mode! 5. Pets A dog owner wants to use 200 ft of fencing to enclose the * Make a Table greatest possible area for his dog, He wants the fenced area to be * Simulate the Problem rectangular. What dimensions should he use? * Solve by Graphing 6. Wiiting in Math You want to find how the length of a pendulum + Use Multiple strategies affects the time the pendulum takes to swing back and forth. * Work a Simpler Explain how you would model the situation. “© Work Backward 7. An alphabet book will have one letter on each page. Eight pages ‘© Write an Equation will be printed on a single piece of paper. You fold the paper in ‘© Write a Proportion half. Then you fold it in half again and trim the edges. The eight Pages appear in order. Draw the layout for two sides of the large sheet for the letters AH. Explain why two layouts are possible. © Act It Out Reasoning In the parts (a)-(c), how many of the indicated cubes are there in this 3-by-3-by-3 cube? a. L-by-I-by-1 cubes b. 2-by-2-by-2-cubes LZ ©. 3-by-3-by-3 cubes d. How many 3-b a would be in a 5-by-5-by- cube? @oniine eae . One base of a trapezoid is twice as long as the other base, The ‘Visi PHstigolaam height is the same as the shorter base. If the area is 24 cm?, what Web Code: ade-1008 is the height of the trapezoid? by-3 cubes [ i E 570 Chapter 10 Area and Volume