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• Difference equation
N
X N
X
y(m, n) = h(k, l)x(m − k, n − l)
k=−N l=−N
• Transfer function
N
X N
X
H(z1, z2) = h(k, l)z1−k z2−l
k=−N l=−N
XN XN
H(ejµ, ejν ) = h(k, l)e−j(kµ+lν)
k=−N l=−N
C. A. Bouman: Digital Image Processing - January 12, 2015 2
1 2 1
1
2 4 2 · 16
1 2 1
C. A. Bouman: Digital Image Processing - January 12, 2015 4
2 0 −2
1
4 0 −4 · 16
2 0 −2
C. A. Bouman: Digital Image Processing - January 12, 2015 6
2 4 2
1
0 0 0 · 16
−2 −4 −2
C. A. Bouman: Digital Image Processing - January 12, 2015 8
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
4
2 4
2
0
0
−2
−2
−4 −4
ν axis
µ axis
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
4
2 4
2
0
0
−2
−2
−4 −4
ν axis
µ axis
P X
X P
+ a(k, l)y(m − k, n − l)
k=−P l=1
P
X
+ a(k, 0)y(m − k, n)
k=1
Simplified notation
X X
ys = br xs−r + ar ys−r
r r>(0,0)
• For a = 1/2
1 1
y(m, n) = x(m, n) + y(m − 1, n) + y(m, n − 1)
2 2
• Looks like
1/2
1/2 ×
2
Mesh Plot of MTF for (1 − 0.4*Z−11 − 0.4*Z−21)−1
1
5
4.5
4
0
ν
3.5
2.5
2 −1
1.5
0.5 −2
4
2 4
2
0
0
−2 −3
−2
−4 −4
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
ν µ
µ
C. A. Bouman: Digital Image Processing - January 12, 2015 18
• For a = 1/4
1 1
y(m, n) = x(m, n) + y(m − 1, n) + y(m, n − 1)
4 4
1
+ y(m + 1, n − 1)
2
• Looks like
1/4 1/2
1/4 ×
for a = 0.2 .
− − − −
Contour Plot of MTF for (1 − 0.2*Z11 − 0.2*Z21 − 0.4*Z1*Z21 ) 1
2
Mesh Plot of MTF for (1 − 0.2*Z−11 − 0.2*Z−21 − 0.4*Z1*Z−21 )−1
1
5
4.5
4
0
ν
3.5
2.5
2 −1
1.5
0.5 −2
4
2 4
2
0
0
−2 −3
−2
−4 −4
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
ν µ
µ