——
Jipanas
Number One
Lessons for America
Ezra E Voce,
Hanwano Usovsnstry Prtss
Cambridge, Massachuses
‘London, Englandi A Mirror for America
lean up some organization, quickly.
3
N 1916 WE. AMERICANS eclebtaed
tur bicentenary with Siting Fanfare, bot
swelee the year pss without serosal electing om the siabil-
ity of ur insituions for the next century. Our pees and
television have dramatized he dificle problems our nation is
scraning.o comin, ba they offer litle analysis. We know that
insiations that once served us well are now les effective but it
Jsmore manageable and certainly more intersting vo personalize
the cause, t atack someone's eneruption or secrecy’ or his
failure to provide proper leadership, than to search for insti-
‘rion alteratives, Our response iso make 8 new props,
‘ect anew regulation, or bringin anew charsmatie igure 10
‘We ate at loss to understand why these efforts are ot
‘more succesful. Publiespiried poicians although sensitive
totheinadequacisof government, must respond toshoreange
pola! pressures, having no mandate o consider fundamental
changes. Busines leaders are acutely aware ofthe increasingly
‘comples problems ereated bythe pola, socal, and eco-
omic enviroamene surrounding the erditiona business arena,
‘bute have neither the esrenoe the onganzaion to respond
to them. Acidemics, falling vitim ro their own specializationA
Japon a Naber One
and having lle persona experience in management, are inde-
quately prepared t confront problens which are in sence
systemic and hole,
‘One of the best vantage poins for looking at our istiea-
ions, for reexamining our assumptions and considering alter-
rnaies, is from another place tha faces similar problems but
finds diferent solusions. As world leadership shared by more
‘counties, we will have more 10 lern by sudying their
successes. OF these other countries Japan, the worlds second
largest economy, «modern democratic nation with a free
centerprine system similar to our owa, offers us the best
penpectv.
Tn view of the nature and seope of Japan's succes, it
j& remarkable how litle interest Americans have shown in
profi from the Japanese example. As Japanese institusions
begin eo function more effectively than foreign one, rat
Japanese now return from forsign sudy tours discouraged
thar they’ found so litle olsen, but the’ sil seour the world
for useful lesons or hints of lesons. Where American istitu-
tions lag behind, Americ i still unprepared to learn from
countries ouside Furope. Japan issued by some Americans
2 a fiscnating culture with an iatereting history, 2 subdle
Tteratre, nriguing eastoms, and profound religious hough
Bue those who sek o lean fom Japan are from the world of
‘calure, not from the world of ais. Is perhaps undrstané-
ble hat the Japanese in the habit of looking abroad for things
to learn, continue seudyng, while Americans in the world of
alfa in che hab of teaching che rest of the word, find it
Aiffcae ro asume the posture ofthe student, even when such
indiference to ot casual dismisal of foreign succes blinds ws
to useful esos,
‘Japanese insieetions provide a particularly dluminating
sirror for America for several reasons. For one, Japan, unlike
‘Wester counties, has consciously examined and restrucared
‘The Japosete Chiles A Mirror for Amores
ll raiionalinsrution on the basi of rational considerations
Americas polities! system was designed almest wo hundred
yeats ago for a premodern agricultural society, and i hs not
‘undergone any consciously designed major reorganizations
since then, New institutions have grown up piecemeal, with
‘80 overill coneeptusliation of their desirabiley. Japanese
institutions have undergone rwo major explicit reexaninations
in che pas 110 years to deermine which institutions were