Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Artigo - Translation Method - Versus - Task-Based Method PDF
Artigo - Translation Method - Versus - Task-Based Method PDF
translationmethodinteachingvocabulary:
ThecaseofIranianǦsecondaryschoolstudents
Ǥǡ
ǡ
Keywordsǣ
ǡǡ
ǡǦ
ǡ
1.Introduction
ȋ ʹͲͲͳǡ ǤͶʹȌǤ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ ȋǡ ǡ Ƭ ǡ
ͳͻǢǡͳͻʹǢ
Ƭ
ǡͳͻͻǡǤͶͶȌǤ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǦǤǡ
ȋʹͲͲͳȌǦ̶
ǡ
̶ȋǤͳͷȌǤ
ȋǡʹͲͲͳȌǡǦ
ȋǡ ʹͲͲʹȌǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲȌǤ
ǡ
ǡ
ȋ
ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ ǡ ͳͻͻͶǢ
Ƭ ǡ ͳͻͻ͵Ǣ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲȌ
Ǥǡ
ǡǦǡ
Ǥ
2.Background
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǯ
ȋ
ƬǡʹͲͲͳǡǤʹʹ͵Ǣ
ǡͳͻͻͻȌǤǡ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋ
ǡͳͻͻͺǡǤ͵ͷȌǤ
Ǥ
̵̵
ȋͳͻͻͷȌ
̶
̶ ȋǤ ͳͷͲȌǤ ǡ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͷͷ
ͳͷ ǤƬ
ͳ Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥǡǡ
ǡ ͳ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ ǯ ͳ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǯ
ȋͳͻͻͳǡ
ǡ ͳͻͻ͵Ȍ
ǦǤ
ǡǡǦ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ ̵ ȋʹͲͲȌ
ͳʹ
ͳǤ Ǧ
ͳ
ʹ ǡ
Ǧ
ǡͳʹǤ
Ǥ ͳ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǧ
ǡ
ǯ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋ
ǡͳͻͻ͵ǡǤʹͲȌǤǡ
ȋͳͻͻ͵Ȍ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ
̵ ȋͳͻͻ͵Ȍ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋͳͻͻͶȌ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
ȋͳͻͻȌ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͷ
ȋǤ
ͳͻͻȌǤ
ȋʹͲͲͶǡ ǤͳͳȌ ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
̵ͳ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋʹͲͲȌǡ
Ǥ
ͺͺ
Ǥ
ǣǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͳ
ʹʹ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡǡǡ
ǡǡͳǤ
ȋǡ ʹͲͲͷǡ Ǥ͵ȌǤ
ǡ ǡ
ʹǤ
Ǣ
ǡ
ȋǡͳͻͻͻȌ
ȋǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ȋ
ǡ ͳͻͻͺǢ Ƭ
ǡ ʹͲͲͳǢ ǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ
ǡ
ͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ
ȋͳͻͻ͵ǣʹͺȌ ̵ ͳ
Ǥǡ
ȋǡʹͲͲͶǢ
ͳͷͺ ǤƬ
ƬǡʹͲͲȌǤǡ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
3.METHOD
ǡ
ȀǤ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ ǡ
ʹ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǣ
ͳǤ
Ǧ
ǫ
ʹǤ ǡ
ǡǤǤǡ
ǫ
ǣ
ͳǤǦ
Ǥ
ʹǤ Ǧ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǥ
3.1.Participants
Ǥ ǡͳ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡ ǯ ȋͳͻͻͲȌ
ǡ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͷͻ
Ǥ
3.2.Materials
ǣ
Ǥ
ȋȌǣ ǯ ȋͳͻͻͲȌ
ȋͳͻͻͲȌ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌǣ
ȋͳͻͻȌ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǧ
ǯ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǣ
ȋͳȌǤ
Ǥ ǣ
Ǧ
ȋ
ʹȌǤ
Ǥ Ǧ
ǣ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ Ǧ
ǣ Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥ Ǧǣ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ
3.3.Procedures
3.3.1.Pilotstudy
ǯ Ǧ Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǯȋͳͻͻȌ̵
̵ȋȌǤǦ
ͳͲ ǤƬ
Ǧ
ǯ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǯ
Ǥ
3.3.2.PreǦsessions
ǡ
ȋǡ ͳͻͻǡ ǤͷͶȌǤ ǡ
ǡ
ȋͳͻͻͶǡ ǤͳͳȌǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ Ǧ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡǡǤ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
3.3.3.Whatwasdone?
ǡ ǯ ȋͳͻͻͲȌ
ȋȌǤ
Ǥ
ǯ
ʹͲͲͲǡ͵ͲͲͲǡͷͲͲͲǡͳͲͲͲͲ
Ǥ
ʹǦ ȋ Ƭ ǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤ ǡ
ǡ
ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͳ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ʹʹ
Ǥ
ȋ ʹͲȌ
Ǥǡǣ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ͳǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥǡǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ ǯ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǣͳȌǦ
ǡʹȌǦǡ͵Ȍ
Ǧ
Ǥ Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͳͲʹͲ
ͳʹ ǤƬ
Ǥǣ
Ǥ
Ǧ ǡ ͳ
Ǥ Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǥ Ǧ ǡ
Ǧ
ǤǡǦ
Ǥ
3.3.4.Teacherintervention
Ǧ
ǡǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋ
ǡ ͳͻͻǡ Ǥ͵ʹͲȌǤ ǡ
ǡ
̵
ǡ
̵
ǡ
Ǥ
4.Dataanalysisandresults
ǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
̵
̵
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ Ǧǡ Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
4.1.WordǦformrecognitiontest
ǡ
̵
Ǥ ǡ
ǡǦ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳ͵
ͻͲ
Ǣ ǡ
Ǥǡ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
ͳǤ
Mean&SDofTask&TranslationGroupsinWordǦFormTest
Ǥ
ͳǤ ͻǤʹͷͲͲ ʹͲ ͲǤͷͺ ͲǤͳͶʹͺ
ͻǤͷͲͲ ʹͲ ͲǤͷͳ͵Ͳ ͲǤͳͳͶ
ȗ
ǤͲͷ.
ͳ
ʹǤ
ʹǤ
TǦTestforMeanComparisonofWordǦFormTest
ȋʹǦȌ
Ǧ ǦǤʹͷͲͲ ͲǤͺͷͲ ͲǤͳͻͲʹ ǦͳǤ͵ͳͶ ͳͻ ǤʹͲͶ
4.2.ThemeaningǦtranslationtest
Ǧ
ǡ ͳ
Ǥ
ǡ Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ͳ
ǤǡǡǦ
ǡ
ʹ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
͵Ǥ
Mean&SDofTask&TranslationGroupsinMeaningTranslationTest
Ǥ
ͳ ͶǤͻͲͲͲ ʹͲ ͲǤͻͳͳͻ ͲǤʹͲ͵ͻ
ͷǤͲͲͲ ʹͲ ͲǤͻͺ ͲǤʹͳͺͺ
ͳͶ ǤƬ
Ͷ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
TǦTestforMeanComparisonofMeaningTranslationTest
ȋʹǦȌ
Ǧ ǦͲǤͺͲͲͲ ͳǤͳͻͷ ͲǤʹͷ ǦʹǤͻͻͲ ͳͻ ͲǤͲͲͺ
ȗ
ǤͲͷ.
4.3.ThemultipleǦchoicetest
Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǧ
̵
Ǥ ͷ
Ǥ
ͷǤ
Mean&SDofTask&TranslationGroupsinMultipleǦChoiceTest
ͳǤ ͷǤʹͲͲͲ ʹͲ ͳǤʹ͵ͻ ͲǤʹʹ
ǤͷͲͲͲ ʹͲ ͲǤͺͺͺͷ ͲǤͳͻͺ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǤǦǤ
Ǥ
TǦTestforMeanComparisonofMultipleǦChoiceTest
ͳ ȋʹǦȌ
Ǧ ǦʹǤ͵ͲͲͲ ͳǤͺͻͲ ͲǤ͵ ǦǤͲͻͲ ͳͻ ͲǤͲͲͲ
ȗ
ǤͲͷ.
TheresultsoftheANOVAtest
ǡ
ǤͺǤ
ǡ
Ͳ ζ ǤͲͷ
Ǥ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͷ
Ǥ
ANOVAResultsfortheThreeTestTypesofTranslationGroup
ͳͶͶǤͷ͵͵ ʹ ʹǤʹ ͳͲǤͺ͵ʹ ǤͲͲͲ
͵ͺǤʹͲͲ ͷǤͲͲ ͲǤͲ
ͳͺʹǤ͵͵ ͷͻ
ȗ
ǤͲͷǤ
ͺǤ
ANOVAResultsfortheThreeTestTypesofTaskGroup
ʹ͵ǤͳͲͲ ʹ ͳͳͺǤͲͷͲ ͳʹǤͷͳ ǤͲͲͲ
ͷʹǤͷ ͷǤͲͲ ͲǤͻʹͷ
ʹͺͺǤͺͷͲ ͷͻ
ȗ
ǤͲͷǤ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǥǡ
Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǧ
ǡ
ǡ
ȋ ͳǡ ͵ Ƭ ͷȌǤ ǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡ Ǧ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ ȋ Ƭ ǡ
ʹͲͲ͵ǡǤͳ͵͵ȌǤ
ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ
Ǥ
5.Discussion
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǧ
Ǧ
ͳ ǤƬ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ͷǡ
ȋ
ǣ ͻǤͷ ǣ ͻǤʹͷȌǤ
ǡ
̵ͳ̵
Ǥ
Ǥ
Deeperprocessingofwords
̵
Ǧ
Ǧ
ȋǦ
ǣαǤͷǡ αͷǤʹ
ǣ α ͷǤǡ α ͶǤͻȌǤ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡǤǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
̵
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥǡ
ȋͳͻͻ͵ǡ ǤͲͶȌ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡǤǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋʹͲͲͳǡǤͷͶͳȌǡ
Ǥ
̵
ǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ ̶ ̶
ȋƬǡͳͻͷȌǡ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳ
ǡ Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
RequirementsoffaceǦtoǦfaceinteraction
Ǧ
ǦǦ
Ǥ ǡ ̵̵ǡ ̵̵ǡ ̵̵
ȋͲΨǦ
ȌǤ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
Placementandnumberofoccurrence
ǡ
ǡ
̵
Ǥ ǡ ͳͲͲΨ
̵̵
Ǧ Ǥ
Ǥ
̶ǥ
̶Ǥ
̵
̵ǡǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ȋ
̵̵ͲΨǦ
ǦȌǤ
Ǥ
Tasktype
̵
Ǥ ȋ Ƭ ǡ
ͳͻͷǢ
ǡ ͳͻͻͲȌǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡǤ
ͳͺ ǤƬ
Weakcommunicativeskills
ȋʹƬͶȌ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥǡ
ʹ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋ
ǡ ͳͻͻǣͶȌǤ ǡ
Ǥ
Involvementloadhypothesis
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ
̶
̶
Ǥ
̵
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲͳǡ ǤͷͶͷȌǤ
ǡ
Ͳǡ
ͳǡ
ʹǤǡ
ͳ͵ȋ
ǤͷǤͷǤʹͷǤǤͶǤͻȌǤ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͻ
Ǥ
ȋ ͳȌǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋ
Ȍ
ȋ
Ȍ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
Situationmodels
ǡ
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǥ ̵ ̵
ȋƬ
ǡͳͻͺ͵ȌǤ̵̵ǡ
ȋ Ƭ
ǡ ͳͻͻͺǡ ǤͳʹȌǤ ȋʹͲͲ͵ǡ ǤͷͷȌ ̵
Ǥ ʹ
ǡ
ȀǡȀ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
Ȁ
Ȁ
Ǥǡ
ǡ
̵ Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ͳͲ ǤƬ
Ǥǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
6.Conclusion
ǡǤ
Ǥ
ǡǡ
Ǥ
ȋͳͻͻ͵ǡǤͲͶȌǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡǤǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ
Ǥǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋƬ
ǡ ʹͲͲͳǡ ǤͷͶͳȌǤ ǡ
ǦǦ
Ǥǡ
Ǧ
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǧ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
̵ ͳǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ ǡ
ǡ
̵
Ǥǡ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͳ
TheAuthors
Reference
ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ
ǣ
̵
ǤRELCJournalǡ35ǡͳͳǦͳͺǤ
Ǥ ǤǤ ȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ Ǧ
Ǥ TESOL
Quarterlyǡ27ǡͻǦ͵ʹǤ
ǡǤƬǡǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤʹͲͲͲ
ǤLanguageTestingǡ16ǡͳ͵ͳȂ
ͳʹǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ Ǧ Ǥ
ELTJournalǡ56ǡ͵ͺͻǦ͵ͻǤ
ǡǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ǤǤƬǤǤȋǤȌǣͶʹǦͶǤ
ǡǤƬǡǤȋǤȌǡȋʹͲͲͳȌǤACambridgeGuidetoTeachingEnglishto
SpeakersofOtherLanguagesǤǣǤǤǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͷȌǤ
Ǥ Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Generalǡ104ǡʹͺǦʹͻͶǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ
ǤLanguageLearningǡ44ǡͷͷͻǦͳǤ
ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ ȋʹͲͲȌǤ ʹ
ǣ
Ǧ
Ǥ LanguageTeaching
Researchǡ10ǡʹ͵ǦʹͻͷǤ
ͳʹ ǤƬ
ǡ Ǥ Ƭ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ
ǤLanguageLearningǡ46ǡͶ͵ǦͻǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺͻȌǤ
Ǥ ELT Journalǡ 43ǡ
ʹͺͺǦʹͻ͵Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ
ǣ
ǡ
ǡ
ǤModernLanguageJournalǡ80ǡ͵ʹǦ͵͵ͻǤ
ǡ
Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
Ǥ Language
Learningǡ51ǡͷ͵ͻǦͷͷͺǤ
ǡ
ǤǤȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ
ǫ
Ǥ
ModernLanguageJournalǡ77ǡͳ͵ͻǦͳͶǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ Ǧ
Ǥ Second
LanguageResearchǡ11ǡͳͶͻǦͳͷͺǤ
ǡǤȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ
Ǧ
ǫAppliedLinguisticsǡ19ǡ͵ͷͷǦ͵Ǥ
ǡ Ǥǡ
ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͶȌǤ New Circles of Learning:
cooperation in the classroom. ǡ ǣ
Ǥ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͶȌǤ
ǣ
ǫ
ǤModernLanguageJournalǡ78ǡʹͺͷǦʹͻͻǤ
ǡǤƬǡ
ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ǣ
Ǧ
Ǥ Applied
Linguistics,22ǡͳǦʹǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ
ǤLanguageLearningǡ43ǡʹ͵ǦʹͺǤ
ǡǤȋͳͻͻȌǤǡǣ
Ǧ
ǤELTJournalǡ51ǡ͵ͳǦ͵ͷͳǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤ Teaching and Learning VocabularyǤ ǡ ǣ
Ǥ
ǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ
ǤAsianEFLJournalǡ7ǡͳǦͺǤ
ǡ
Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ǤELTJournalǡ55ǡ͵ͲǦ͵Ǥ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳ͵
ǤǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ
ǣ
ǤVIEWSǡͳͳǣͷ͵ǦͳǤ
ǡǤƬǡǤȋʹͲͲȌǤǣʹ
Ǥ The Modern Language
JournalǡͻͲǡʹͺͺǦʹͶ͵Ǥ
ǡ Ǥǡ
ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
Ǥ
LanguageTestingǡ18ǡͷͷǦͺͺǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤ ǣ
ǡVoicesǡ2ǡͳȂͷǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ Ǧ
ǤAppliedLinguisticsǡ17ǡ͵ͺǦʹǤ
ǡǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤǫ
ǤSystemǡ27ǡ͵͵Ǧ͵ͶǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ
ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺ͵ȌǤ Strategies in Discourse comprehensionǤ
ǡǣ
Ǥ
ǡǤƬǡǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ
ǫ Reading in a Foreign
Languageǡ15ǡͳ͵ͲǦͳ͵Ǥ
ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ
ǣǤCanadianModernLanguageReviewǡ51ǡ
ͳ͵ǦͶͲǤ
ǡǤƬǡ
ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤǦǤ ǤƬǤ
ǤȋǤȌǣͳ͵ǦͳͻǤ
ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲȌǤ ͳ ʹ ǣ
ǤLanguageLearningandTechnologyǡ10ǡͷͺǦͳͲͳǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ
Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ
ǤPsychologicalBulletinǡ123ǡͳʹǦͳͺͷǤ
ͳͶ ǤƬ
Appendix1.
Task1:Whogetsthenewheart?
Situation:
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
Task:
Ǥ
ǤͳǤ͵Ͳ
Ǥ
Thepatients:
PatientA
ǡͷǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǣǡ
Ǥ
PatientB
ǡ͵ͺǡ
ǡ
ǡͶǡͺǡͳ͵Ǥ
ǣǤ
PatientC
ǡͶʹǡ
Ǣ͵
Ǥ
ǣǡ
ǦǤ
PatientD
ǡͳͺǡ
ǤǤ
ǣǤ
PatientE
ǡ͵Ͷǡ
Ǥ
ͷ Ǥ
Ǥ
ǣǡ
Ǥ
ȋ
ȌǡǤ͵ȋʹȌǡʹͲͲͻ ͳͷ
PatientF
ǡͶͺǡ
ǤǤ
ǣǤ
Task2:Surgery
Situation:
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
ȋͳȌ
Ǥ
Part1:completethepatientrecords
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Part2:choosethemostsuitablepatient
ǡ
ǡ ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋ Ȍ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Appendix2.
Translationtext
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
̵
Ǥ
ǡ̵
ǡ
Ǥ
ͳ ǤƬ
ǡ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
̵Ǥ