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    Primary succession occurs in areas that previously lacked vegetation and soil, such as after a volcanic eruption, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed but retain soil and organic matter, such as after a forest fire. Primary succession involves pioneering species like lichens and mosses colonizing from outside, takes longer to complete, and results in a new ecosystem, whereas secondary succession involves species already present recolonizing and takes less time since soil and organic matter remain.

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    Primary succession occurs in areas that previously lacked vegetation and soil, such as after a volcanic eruption, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed but retain soil and organic matter, such as after a forest fire. Primary succession involves pioneering species like lichens and mosses colonizing from outside, takes longer to complete, and results in a new ecosystem, whereas secondary succession involves species already present recolonizing and takes less time since soil and organic matter remain.

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    17 views2 pages

    Primary Succession Comparison Secondary Succession

    Uploaded by

    imclinton sangster
    Primary succession occurs in areas that previously lacked vegetation and soil, such as after a volcanic eruption, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed but retain soil and organic matter, such as after a forest fire. Primary succession involves pioneering species like lichens and mosses colonizing from outside, takes longer to complete, and results in a new ecosystem, whereas secondary succession involves species already present recolonizing and takes less time since soil and organic matter remain.

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    of 2

    TUTORIAL 1

    1. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession.

    Primary succession Comparison Secondary succession

    Primary succession is a type of Definition Secondary succession is a type of ecological


    ecological succession that takes succession that occurs after an existing
    place in an environment that is successional stage is disturbed or when an
    recently formed and lacks area is made partially or completely lacking
    habitable soil but then is colonized of vegetation because of a disturbance.
    for the first time by living
    organisms.
    Initiated either due to a biological Initiation Initiated due to an external factor.
    factor or an external agent.
    The pioneer species of primary Pioneer The pioneer species of secondary succession
    succession enter the ecosystem species are the species already present within the
    from the outside environment. previous ecosystem. They are mostly
    They are mostly lichens, mosses grasses.
    followed by algae and fungi.
    No previous community is present Previous Previous communities are present in the
    in the environment. community environment.
    Before the beginning of the Soil Secondary succession occurs in an area
    primary succession, the surface soil covered with surface soil.
    is absent in the area
    No organic matter present in the Organic Organic matter is present in the
    environment. matter environment.
    The environment is unfavourable Environment The environment is favourable from the
    at first but then it is made beginning.
    favourable as new species continue
    to grow.
    Primary succession takes a longer Time Secondary succession takes a shorter time
    time to complete. to complete.
    Formation of a new ecosystem Examples Succession after fire, harvesting, logging, or
    after a volcano, glacier outbursts, abandonment of land or the renewal after a
    or a nuclear explosion. disease outbreak.

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