‘Phe following formula will give the amount of expansion for any length and temperature rise: © wire X=eL (TT) ( °) X =Change in length in inches 3=Thermal expansion coefficient in same units as (T.-T)) L = Original length in inches =Change in Temperature in same units as 3. 10 E+ SHORT-CIRCUIT HEATING . 1 of Copper Bars ! ga 1} 1 4 t | za i 2 » 0 a TY Current Density—x 080 Amps/in? een TH. Rate of heating during a. short-circuit at various densities. Plotted from Formula 12. SHORT-CIRCUIT HEATING When a short-circuit occurs, the current density is so that no heat is dissipated from the conductor by greatly increased above the allowable current density ‘conduction or radiation and that all the heat produced of the conductor. This causes rapid heating. is absorbed by the copper, the following formulae Assuming the period of short-circuit to be very brief (Ref. 2) will give the short-circuit heat rise: )* (NIFODOTEES—1) x 101 Seconds. (*) )' x 10° degrees C per second. (2) Where: ‘seconds. tional area in square inches. @ I «short-circuit current in amperes. @ =temperature rise in degrees C.