If a short-circuit current of 80,000 amps were to flow through a x 4 bus bar 40 feet long for 3 e following would occur: 80°C per second B. Therefore. in 3 seconds, the temperature rise is 3 x 80 240° C above the normal operating tem- perature, C. Further, the 40 foot bar would expand according to formula 10; Beat Urea 16.8 x 10? x 40 x 12 x 240 191 in. ‘This would cause extreme buckling and possibly break the supports unless they were designed for such a lateral force. ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE When two current carrying conductors are adjacent to each other, an electromagnetic force will tend to either attract or repel the conductors depending on the relative direction of current flow. If the currents are flowing in the same direction as in multiple d-c bus bars, the electromagnetic force will attract the conductors. If the currents are flowing in opposite directions in each conductor as in d-c bars of opposite polarity, the forces repel the conductors. With normal bus bar currents, these electromagnetic forces are very small and can be neglected. However. under short-circuit conditions these forces may become very large and must be taken into account in designing a bus bar system. The short-circuit stresses developed between two parallel conductors carrying equal current in a single- phase circuit may be computed from the following formulae: Pe ee eae eee co fe) &») Fou 745 K 1° (1) x 10-+ When fis between 4 and 20. fe) eee Foss 45 KI? ( 1) < 108 When Bis lesgthan 4, : (=) (<4)