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Manual On The New Government Accounting System For National Government Agencies Accounting Policies
Manual On The New Government Accounting System For National Government Agencies Accounting Policies
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Volume I
Chapter 1. Introduction
1
Sec. 3. Legal Basis. This Manual is prescribed by the
Commission on Audit pursuant to Article IX-D, Section 2 par. (2) of the
1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines which provides
that:
“The Commission on Audit shall have exclusive authority,
subject to the limitations in this Article, to define the scope of its
audit and examination, establish the techniques and methods
required therefor, and promulgate accounting and auditing rules
and regulations, including those for the prevention and
disallowance of irregular, unnecessary, excessive, extravagant, or
unconscionable expenditures, or uses of government funds and
properties". (underscoring supplied)
2
Regular Agency (RA) Books. These shall be used
to record the receipt and utilization of Notice of Cash
Allocation (NCA) and other income/receipts which the
agencies are authorized to use and to deposit with
Authorized Government Depository Bank (AGDB) and the
National Treasury. These shall consist of journals and
ledgers, as follows:
Journals
Cash Receipts Journal (CRJ)
Cash Disbursements Journal (CDJ)
Check Disbursements Journal (CkDJ)
General Journal (GJ)
Ledgers
General Ledger (GL)
Subsidiary Ledgers (SL) for:
Cash
Receivables
Inventories
Investments
Property, Plant and Equipment
Construction in Progress
Liabilities
Income
Expenses
3
With the implementation of the computerized agency
accounting system, only the General Journal shall be used
together with the ledgers by both books.
Balance Sheet
Statement of Government Equity
Statement of Income and Expenses
Statement of Cash Flows
4
h. Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA). The receipt of NCA by
the agency shall be recorded in the books as debit to account
“Cash-National Treasury, Modified Disbursement System
(MDS)” and credit to account “Subsidy Income from
National Government”.
5
fees, permit fees, clearance fee, etc. shall be capitalized, and
those incurred after the construction shall form part of
operating cost.
n. Registry of Public Infrastructures/Registry of
Reforestation Projects. For agencies that construct public
infrastructures, such as roads, bridges, waterways, railways,
plaza, monuments, etc., and invest on reforestation projects,
a Registry of Public Infrastructures (RPI)/Registry of
Reforestation Projects (RRP) shall be maintained for each
category of infrastructures/reforestation projects. Examples
are:
6
shall be recorded under receivable accounts “Due From
Officers and Employees” or “Receivables-Disallowances/
Charges”, as the case may be.
7
which the loan is payable. The liability shall be expressed
both in the foreign and local currency.
8
Chapter 3. Accounting Systems
A. BUDGETARY ACCOUNTS
9
INSERT GENERAL ACCOUNTING PLAN
for
National Government Agencies
10
Sec. 8. Agency Budget Matrix (ABM). The ABM refers
to a document showing the disaggregation of agency expenditures into
components like, among others, by source of appropriations, by
allotment class and by need of clearance.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Budget Unit
Concerned Staff 1 Based on the approved General
Appropriations Act (GAA) and in
coordination with the DBM, prepares the
ABM by appropriations/financing sources
to support expenditures to be made during
the year broken down by allotment
class/expenses.
Note 1
The ABM shall contain, among others, the
following information:
The amount to be released categorized
under “Not Needing Clearance”
column, and
The amount that will be released
through the issuance of Special
Allotment Release Order (SARO)
categorized under "Needing
Clearance” column including
continuing appropriations based on
the Statement of Allotments,
Obligations and Balances (SAOB).
11
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
the ABM.
Concerned Staff 4 Forwards the ABM together with a
transmittal letter for the DBM to the Head
of the Agency for signature/approval.
12
4. Registry of Allotments and Obligations - Financial
Expenses (RAOFE)
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
The numbering structure of the ALOBS
shall be as follows:
PS 00 00 0000
Serial Number
(One series for
the whole year)
Month
Year
Allotment Class
(PS, MOOE, CO
and FE) shall be
used only when
obligations are
recorded in the
ALOBS
13
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 2
The ALOBS shall be prepared in two
copies and shall be distributed as follows:
Original-Retained by the Budget Unit to
support recording in the
registries
Copy 2 -Accounting Unit
Note 3
The following RAOs shall be maintained
by the Budget Unit:
Registry of Allotments and
Obligations - Personal Services
(RAOPS)
Registry of Allotments and
Obligations -Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses (RAOMO)
Registry of Allotments and
Obligations -Capital Outlays
(RAOCO)
Registry of Allotments and Obligations
- Financial Expenses (RAOFE)
14
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Central Office/
Regional Office
Budget Unit 1 Based on the approved ABM received
Budget Staff from the DBM, prepares Sub-ARO for
RO/OU. Forwards the Sub-ARO to the
Head of the Budget Unit CO/RO for
review.
Note 1
Distribution of ALOBS shall be as
follows:
15
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 2
Refer to ALOBS numbering structures in
Note 1 Sec. 12, Procedures in the
Monitoring and Recording of Allotments
Received from DBM
16
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Operating Units
Budget Unit
Concerned Staff 8 Receives the approved Sub-ARO from the
CO/RO. Records the same in the logbook
maintained. Forwards the Sub-ARO to the
Budget Staff for the preparation of
ALOBS.
Note 5
Refer to Notes 1 and 2 of Sec.12,
Procedures for the Monitoring and
Recording of Allotments Received from the
DBM.
17
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
18
Sec. 14. Accounting for Obligation. Obligation refers to a
commitment by a government agency arising from an act of a duly
authorized official which binds the government to the immediate or
eventual payment of a sum of money. The agency is authorized to incur
obligations only in the performance of activities which are in pursuits of
its functions and programs authorized in appropriation acts/laws within
the limit of the ARO.
Obligations shall be taken up in the registries through the
ALOBS prepared/processed by the Budget Unit. The Budget Officer/
Head of the Budget Unit/designated Budget Officer shall certify to the
availability of allotment and such is duly obligated by signing in the
appropriate box of the ALOBS. On the other hand, the Accountant/Head
of the Accounting Unit shall certify to the correctness and validity of
obligations, and availability of funds. Both Budget and Accounting
Units shall coordinate in the filling up of the Status of the Obligation in
their respective copies of the ALOBS
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Budget Unit
Concerned Staff 1 Receives the Disbursement
Voucher/Payroll (DV/P), and supporting
documents, Contract/ Purchase Order
(C/PO) from concerned offices/personnel.
Verifies completeness of the documents. If
incomplete, returns the documents to
concerned offices for completion. If
complete, records the same in the logbook
maintained. Forwards the documents to
Budget Staff for the preparation of the
ALOBS.
19
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
3 If there is an available balance of allotment
to cover the obligations, prepares an
ALOBS in three copies. Initials the
ALOBS and forwards the same to the
Head of the Budget Unit for review and
signature.
Note 1
Copy 3 of ALOBS shall be attached to the
DV. Refer to Note 2, Sec. 12, Procedures
for the Monitoring and Recording of
Allotments Received from DBM for the
distribution of the other copies of ALOBS.
Head of the 4 Reviews, checks the small box opposite
Budget Unit the ‘Available and duly obligated’ portion
of Box A of the ALOBS and affixes
signature. Forwards the ALOBS and
documents to the Budget Staff for
recording in the appropriate RAOs.
Budget Staff 5 Records the amount obligated under the
‘Obligation’ column of the RAOs.
Forwards all copies of the ALOBS and the
documents to the Accounting Unit for
processing and signature.
Note 2
Obligations shall be posted in the
‘Obligation Incurred’ column of the RAOs
to arrive at the balance of allotment still
available at a given period.
6 Receives original of ALOBS from the
Accounting Unit. If there is no correction,
files the same to support the RAOs.
Otherwise, effects correction in the RAOs
or prepares a new ALOBS, as the case may
be.
20
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 3
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec. 34, Procedures for Disbursements By
Checks.
Note 4
There is no need to prepare a new ALOBS
for corrections/adjustments made by the
Accounting Unit after the processing of the
claims but before payment is made.
Adjustment in the RAOs shall be effected
thru a positive entry (if additional
obligation is necessary) or a negative
entry (if reduction) in the ‘Obligation
Incurred’ column.
Note 5
Preparation of new ALOBS for the
following adjustments of obligations as
negative entries in the ‘Obligation
Incurred’ column shall be made:
21
B. INCOME/COLLECTIONS AND DEPOSITS
1. Income Taxes
2. Property Taxes
3. Taxes on Goods and Services
4. Taxes on International Trade and Transactions
5. Other Taxes
22
6. Fines and Penalties-Tax Revenue
7. Other Specific Income
23
Employees” is debited and when refunds are made, the
same account is credited. Cash advances for salaries and
wages shall be recorded as debits to the account “Cash-
Disbursing Officers” and any refunds thereof shall be
credited to the same account.
24
Sec. 21. Deposit of Collections. All Collecting Officers shall
deposit intact all their collections, as well as collections turned over to
them by sub-collectors/tellers, with AGDB daily or not later than the
next banking day. They shall record all deposits made in the Cash
Receipts Record.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
Funding Checks received by the Cashier/
Collecting Officer of the RO/OU for its
operational requirements shall be issued
corresponding OR..
Note 2
Separate sets of ORs shall be used for the
25
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
RA and NG Books.
Note 3
The OR shall be prepared in three copies
and shall be distributed as follows:
Original - Payor
Copy 2 - To be attached to the Report
of Collections and Deposits
(RCD)
Copy 3 - Cash Unit file
Note 5
The DS shall be distributed as follows:
Original - AGDB
Copy 2 - To be attached to RCD
Copy 3 - Cash Unit file
Note 6
Collections pertaining to NG Books shall
be deposited with the AGDB for the
account of the Treasurer of the Philippines
6 Based on the validated DS from the AGDB
and copy of the ORs on file, prepares
26
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 7
The RCD shall be distributed as follows:
Original - Accounting Unit together
with Copy No. 2 of the
ORs and DS - to support
the JEV
Copy 2 - Cash Unit file
Accounting Unit
Accounting Staff 9 Receives original of RCD with Copy 2 of
the ORs and DS from the Cash Unit.
Records receipt in the logbook maintained
for the purpose and forwards the same to
the Bookkeeper for review and preparation
of the JEV.
27
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 8
CRJ shall be used to record collection
under the RA Books while the CJ shall be
used to record collections under the NG
Books.
Note 9
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec. 71, Preparation and Submission of
Trial Balances and Other Reports.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Accounting Unit
Receiving/ 1 Receives collection documents from the
Releasing Staff AAB/AGDB. Records receipt in the
logbook maintained for the purpose.
Forwards the same to the Bookkeeper for
preparation of the JEV.
28
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec. 71, Preparation and Submission of
Trial Balances and Other Reports.
29
Sec. 26. Procedures in Recording Dishonored Checks
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Cash Unit
Designated Staff 1 Receives from AGDB the Debit Memo
(DM) and copies of dishonored checks.
Note 1
The Notice of Dishonor shall be prepared
in three copies and shall be distributed as
follows:
Original - Drawer (To be delivered
personally or thru registered mail)
Copy 2 - Accounting Unit file
Copy 3 - Cash Unit file
30
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 2
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec.71, Preparation and Submission of
Trial Balances and Other Reports.
31
C. DISBURSEMENTS
32
2. Necessary documents supporting the DV and payrolls as
certified and reviewed by the Accountant/Head of
Accounting Unit (Box B of DV); and
33
Sec. 33. Reporting of Checks Issued/Released. All checks
actually released to claimants shall be included in the Report of Checks
Issued (RCI), which shall be prepared daily by the Cashier. The RCI
shall be submitted to the Accounting Unit for the preparation of JEV.
All unreleased checks as of the report date shall be enumerated in a “List
of Unreleased Checks” to be attached to the RCI.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
DV that shall be paid out of non-budgetary
receipts shall not pass the Budget Unit.
No ALOBS is needed. (Example - refund of
cash bond).
34
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 2
The numbering structure for DV shall be
as follows:
00 - 00 - 0000
Serial Number
(One series for each year)
Month of Issue
Year of Issue
Note 3
DV number shall also be indicated on
every sheet of the supporting documents.
35
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
36
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
37
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Daily,
19 With Copies 1-2 of DV, Copy 3 of ALOBS,
supporting documents, Copies 2-3 of
checks, prepares RCI in two copies.
Note 6:
RCI shall include only those checks
actually released to the payees during the
day including cancelled ones.
Note 7:
The RCI shall be distributed as follows:
Original - Accounting Unit together
with the originals of the
paid DVs/payroll and
supporting documents for
JEV preparation
Copy 2 - Cash Unit file
38
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 8:
The “List of Unreleased Checks” shall be
attached to the RCI to be submitted to
Accounting Unit for reference.
D. Preparation of JEV
39
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 9:
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec. 71, Preparation and Submission of
Trial Balances and Other Reports.
40
Sec. 36. Cash Advances for Travel. Cash advances granted
for travel shall be accounted for as Due from Officers and Employees and
these are subject to liquidation upon travel completion. For liquidation of
travel where the amount of cash advance is equal to or more than the
travel expenses incurred, the Liquidation Report form shall be prepared by
the officers/employees concerned and submitted to the Accounting Unit as
basis for JEV preparation. The excess cash advance shall be refunded and
an OR shall be issued to acknowledge receipt thereof. In case the amount
of cash advance is less than the travel expenses incurred, a Liquidation
Report shall be submitted to liquidate the cash advance previously granted
and a DV shall be prepared to claim reimbursement of the deficiency in
amount.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Cash Unit
Accountable/ 1 Receives the approved check from the
Disbursing Cashier. Records in the Cash
Officer Disbursements Record (CDR) the date,
reference, name of payee, particulars and
the amount of check in the debit column.
Note 1
Employees/payees shall sign on the
received portion of the payroll/DV to
acknowledge receipt of payment.
Note 2
If there are unclaimed salaries, refund the
same within a reasonable time. OR
representing the refund shall be issued by
41
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
the Cashier.
Accounting Unit
Releasing/ 6 Records in the logbook, indicates
Receiving Clerk ‘Received’ and signs all copies, forwards
the RD to the Bookkeeper for JEV
preparation, and returns Copy 2 to the Cash
Unit.
Note 5
42
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
43
Sec. 38. Disbursements Through Bank - Payroll Payment
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Cash Unit
Cash Staff 1 Receives the approved check, DV and
Following Months' Payroll (FMP), signs
the logbook of the releasing office, and
forwards the documents to the Cashier.
2 Deposits the check to the Bank Payroll
Account together with the original of the
Summary of Employees Net Earnings
(SENE) received from Accounting Unit.
Files temporarily Copies 1-2 of FMP, copy
2 of the check, and Copies 1-3 of DV for
the preparation of RCI.
Note 1
The payee of the check is the Servicing
Bank whose authorized representative
shall acknowledge receipt of the check by
signing on the original of the DV.
Note 2
Refer to Seq. No. 19, Sec.34, Procedures
for Disbursements by Checks.
Note 3
Payroll payment through bank shall also
be recorded in the IP maintained by the
Accounting Unit.
44
Sec. 39. Disbursements Through Petty Cash Fund. Petty
Cash Fund shall be maintained under the imprest system. The fund shall
be sufficient for the non-recurring, emergency and petty expenses of the
agency. Disbursements from the fund shall be through the Petty Cash
Voucher (PCV) which shall be approved by authorized officials and
signed by the payee to acknowledge the amount received. The official
receipt or its equivalent is attached to the PCV.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
45
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
46
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
47
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Petty Cash Fund 19 Retrieves from file the original of the PCV
Custodian together with the supporting documents.
Checks the completeness of all PCVs for
replenishment.
Note 1
For the succeeding activities, refer to
Sec.15, Procedures in the Recording of
Obligations.
48
G. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, AND INVENTORY
ACCOUNTS
49
The sub-systems are as follows:
For check and balance, the Property and Supply Office/Unit shall
maintain Property Cards (PC) for property, plant and equipment, and
Stock Cards (SC) for inventories. The balance in quantity per PC and SC
should always reconcile with the ledger cards of the Accounting Unit.
50
Sec. 45. Procedures in the Receipt, Inspection, Acceptance
and Recording Deliveries of Inventory Items and Equipment
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
Distribution of the IAR shall be as follows:
Original - Supplier (to be attached to
the DV)
Copy 2 - Property Inspector/
Inspection Committee
Copy 3 - Property and Supply Unit file
51
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
52
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 3
For purchases made through the
Procurement Service (PS), the DV shall be
prepared on the basis of the Approved
Agency Procurement Request. The
payment shall be made directly to the PS.
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Accounting Unit
Accounting Staff 3 Receives SAI from Requesting Personnel.
Reviews and verifies the completeness of
information.
53
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
The RIS shall be distributed as follows:
Original - Accounting Unit
Copy 2 - Property and Supply Unit
Copy 3 - Requesting Office
54
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Concerned Office
Requesting 12 Receives supplies requested and sign in the
Personnel ‘Received by’ portion of the RIS.
Preparation of RSMI
55
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
At Month End
56
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Concerned Office
Requesting
Personnel 1 Upon receipt of notice of availability of the
equipment requested, prepares RIS in three
copies.
57
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
58
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 1
ARE shall be distributed as follows:
Original - Property and Supply Unit file
Copy 2 - Recipient or user of the
property file
Concerned Office
Requesting 11 Retrieves Copy 3 of RIS. Checks item if it
Personnel is in conformity with RIS. Signs
‘Received By’ portion of original and
Copy 2 of ARE and RIS.
E. MISCELLANEOUS TRANSACTIONS
59
4. Stale MDS and Commercial Checks
5. Set-up and Settlement of Disallowances
6. Refund of Overpayments
Sec. 49. Accounting for Loss of Cash and Property. Loss of
cash and property may be due to malversation, theft, robbery, fortuitous
event or other causes.
Cash shortage discovered during cash examination conducted by
auditors is reported through the Report of Cash Examination. The
Auditor issues an audit report in case of shortage in property
accountability. As soon as a shortage is definitely established, the
Auditor shall issue a memorandum pertaining thereto and the Accountant
shall draw a JEV to record the shortage as a receivable from the
Accountable Officer concerned.
In case of loss of property due to other causes like, theft, force
majeure, fire, etc., a report thereon shall be prepared by the Accountable
Officer concerned for purposes of requesting relief from accountability.
No accounting entry shall be made but the loss shall be disclosed in the
notes to financial statements pending result of request for relief from
accountability.
Sec. 50. Grant of Relief from Accountability. When a
request for relief from accountability for shortages or loss of funds is
granted, a copy of the decision shall be forwarded to the Chief
Accountant who shall draw a JEV to record the transaction. The loss
shall be debited to the Loss of Assets account and credited to the
appropriate receivable account. In case the request for relief is denied,
immediate payment of the shortage shall be demanded from the
Accountable Officer. Restitution shall be acknowledged by the issuance
of an official receipt.
In case the request for relief from accountability for loss of
property caused by fire, theft, force majeure or other causes is granted, a
copy of the decision shall likewise be forwarded to the Chief Accountant
for the preparation of the JEV. The loss shall be debited to the Loss of
Assets account and credited to the appropriate asset account. If request
for relief from accountability is denied, the loss shall be taken up as a
receivable from the Accountable Officer or employee liable for the loss
and shall be credited to the appropriate asset account.
60
Sec. 51. Accounting for Cash Overage. In case the cash
examination disclosed cash overage, as determined by the Auditor during
cash examination, the amount shall be forfeited in favor of the
government and an official receipt shall be issued by the Cashier. The
cash overage shall be taken up as Miscellaneous Income.
61
Sec. 54. Accounting for Overpayments. Sometimes
overpayments or even double payment of expenditures do happen in
agencies. These could be avoided with the institution of proper controls
but some could not be avoided because of built-in procedures. One
example is the payment of payrolls. Payrolls are prepared in advance
and some agencies pay their employees through the banking system. All
these are done before reports of attendance are submitted, making it
impossible to know the exact amount to be paid in case there are
absences without pay during the pay periods. In case of overpayments,
refunds shall be demanded of the employees concerned.
Acct.
Particulars Account Title Code Dr. Cr.
1. Cash Shortage
62
Acct.
Particulars Account Title Code Dr. Cr.
b. Request for Relief from Accountability Denied.
To record the loss of Due from Officers and Employees 128 150
fund by a Disbursing Cash-Disbursing Officers 107 150
Officer (allegedly
thru theft ) - P150
To record deposit
c.1 current year Subsidy Income from National 601 50
Government
Cash-Collecting Officers 106 50
3. Cash Overage
4. Stale Checks
63
Acct.
Particulars Account Title Code Dr. Cr.
c. Stale commercial check issued in the current and prior years for replacement
5. Disallowances
64
Acct.
Particulars Account Title Code Debit Credit
6. Refund of Overpayment
65
Acct.
Particulars Account Title Code Debit Credit
66
Chapter 4. Trial Balances, Financial Reports
and Statements
Statement of
Pre-Closing
Income and
TB
Expenses
Unadjusted
Trial Sec. 1. Statement of Government Equity. The
Balance
Statement of Government Equity (Appendix
Statement of48) shows the
Cash
Closing Journal Entries Flows
Adjustin
g Post-Closing
Entries Balance
TB
Sheet
67
Sec. 57. Trial Balance. The Trial Balance shows the equality
of debit and credit balances of all general ledger accounts as of a given
period. It is prepared and submitted monthly, quarterly and annually. At
the end of the fiscal year, the pre-closing and the post-closing trial
balances shall be prepared.
68
Account
Account Title Code Debit Credit
Interest Receivable 161 500
Interest Income 624 500
Original Entry:
Prepaid Rent 161 1,000
Cash-National Treasury, MDS 102 1,000
Adjusting Entry:
Rent Expenses 841 900
Prepaid Rent 161 900
69
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts shall be provided in an
amount based on collectibility of receivable balances and evaluation of
such factors as aging of the accounts, collection experiences of the
agency, expected loss experiences and identified doubtful accounts.
1 - 60 days 1%
61 - 180 days 2%
181- 1 year 3%
More than 1 year 5%
Account
Account Title Code Debit Credit
Bad Debts 929 1,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 301 1,000
70
A sample adjusting journal entry for
depreciation expense is as follows:
Account
Account Title Code Debit Credit
Depreciation-Office Equipment 922 1,000
Accumulated Depreciation-Office 322 1,000
Equipment
71
Income from Government Business
Operations 612 400
Income and Expense Summary 532 900
4. Close the balance of all expense
accounts to Income an Expense Summary account.
Income and Expense Summary 532 800
Salaries and Wages-Regular Pay 801 800
5. Close the balance of the Income and
Expense Summary Account to the Retained Operating
Surplus account.
72
Sec. 71. Procedures in the Preparation and Submission of
Trial Balances and Other Reports
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
73
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 3
Use of a Worksheet to facilitate the
preparation of the trial balances is
encouraged. The preparation of the
Worksheet is discussed in Sec. 82.
74
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 4
The preparation of the adjusting journal
entries is at month end or as necessary.
75
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
76
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
77
Area of Seq.
Responsibility No. Activity
Note 7
Trial Balances and supporting schedules
shall be distributed as follows:
Copy 1 – COA Resident Auditor
Copy 2 – Accountancy Office, COA
Copy 3 – DBM
Copy 4 – Accounting Unit File
Note 8
The frequency of submission of Pre-
Closing Trial Balance/Post-Closing Trial
Balance and other reports shall be as
follows:
Pre-Closing Trial Balance and
other reports – monthly, within ten
days after the end of the month to the
COA Resident Auditor and DBM
Year-end Pre-Closing Trial
Balance/ Post-Closing Trial Balance
and other reports – on or before Feb.
14 of the following year to the COA
Resident Auditor, DBM and COA,
Accountancy Office.
78
Sec. 73. Responsibility for Financial Statements.
Responsibility for the fair presentation and reliability of financial
statements rests with the management of the reporting agency. This
responsibility is discharged by applying generally accepted state
accounting principles that are appropriate to the entity’s circumstances,
by maintaining effective system of internal control and by adhering to
the chart of accounts prescribed by the Commission on Audit.
To achieve fair presentation and reliable information of the
financial statements, the following standards shall be observed.
a. Fairness of
presentation. This refers to the overall propriety in
disclosing financial information. Full disclosure in financial
aspects requires observance of the following standards of
reporting:
All essential facts relating to the scope and purpose of
each report and the period involved shall be included and
clearly displayed.
All financial data
presented shall be accurate, reliable, and truthful. The
requirement for accuracy does not rule out the
inclusion of reasonable estimates when the making of
precise measurements is impracticable, uneconomical,
unnecessary, or conducive to delay. All appropriate
steps shall be taken to avoid bias, unclear facts, and
presentation of misleading information.
Financial reports shall
be based on official records maintained under an
adequate accounting system that produces information
objectively and discloses the financial aspects of all
events or transactions taking place. Where financial
data or reports based on sources other than the
accounting systems are presented, their basis shall be
clearly explained.
The financial data
reported shall be derived from accounts that are
maintained in all material respects on a consistent
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basis from period to period; material changes in
accounting policies or methods and their effect shall
be clearly explained.
Consistent and non-
technical terminology shall be used in financial reports
to promote clarity and usefulness.
b. Compliance. The report
shall be in accordance with prescribed government
requirements and international accounting standards of
reporting.
c. Timeliness. All needed
reports shall be produced promptly to be of maximum
usefulness.
d. Usefulness. Financial
reports shall be carefully designed to present information
that is needed and useful to reports users.
Sec. 74. Statement of Management Responsibility for
Financial Statements. The Statement of Management Responsibility for
Financial Statements (Appendix 4) shall serve as the covering letter in
transmitting the agencies financial statements to the Commission on
Audit, Department of Budget and Management, other oversight agencies
and other parties. It shows the agency’s responsibility for the preparation
and presentation of the financial statements. The statement shall be
signed by the Director of Finance and Management Office or
Comptrollership Office, or the Chief of Office who has direct
supervision and control over the agency’s accounting and financial
transactions, and the Head of Agency or his authorized representative.
Sec. 75. Balance Sheet. The Balance Sheet (Appendices 5
and 6) is a formal statement which shows the financial condition of the
agency as of a certain date. It includes information on the three elements
of financial position - assets, liabilities and government equity. It shall
be prepared from information taken directly from the year-end Post-
Closing Trial Balance. The Balance Sheet shall be supported with the
following schedules/statements:
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Schedules of Accounts Receivables (SAR)
(Appendix 7)
Schedules of Accounts Payables (SAP)
(Appendix 8)
Schedules of Public Infrastructures (SPI)
(Appendix 9)
Other schedules as may be required
Although the allotments and obligations of the agency are not
recorded in the books of accounts, the Statement of Allotments,
Obligations and Balances (SAOB) (Appendix 10) shall be submitted to
the Commission on Audit by the Budget Officer/Agency Officer
concerned. This statement shall to be included among the
aforementioned schedules for information of government officials and
oversight agencies.
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Sec. 79. Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows. To
facilitate the preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows, the use of a
Working Paper is encouraged. It shall show the increase or decrease in
the cash accounts between two periods. The net increase in cash
provided by 1) operating 2) investing and 3) financing activities in
addition to the cash balance at the beginning shall equal to the cash
balance at the end of the period.
Cash Inflows:
Receipt of Notice of Cash allocation (NCA)
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from the DBM
Receipt of Notice of Transfer of Allocation to
Agency RO/OU from CO
Cash receipts from all sources of revenues
Receipt of Inter – agency cash transfers (Due to)
Cash receipts from the sale of goods or rendition
of services
Cash receipt of interest income, rental income,
dividend income, etc.
Receipt of payment for liquidated damages
Receipt of refund of deposits
Receipt of refunds of cash advance or excess
payments
Collection of receivables
Cash receipt of grants and donations
Receipt of cash dividends from enterprises (e.g.
PLDT)
Cash Outflows:
Payments of accounts payable
Cash purchase of merchandise for sale
Cash advances granted for travel
Inter-agency transfers (Due from)
Notice of Transfer of Allocation to Agency
RO/OU issued by the NGA Main Office to RO/OU
and/or attached agencies through Government
Servicing Banks
Return of unused NCA
Cash payment for operating expenses
Remittance of taxes withheld not covered by
TRA and other deductions (if any)
Cash purchase of supplies and equipment
Cash payment of retirement benefits
Cash payment of claims for damages
Cash payment for liabilities incurred in
operations
Cash payments for interest
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Cash Inflows:
Proceeds from sale of marketable stocks and
bonds
Cash proceeds from the sale/disposal of
equipment and other property, plant and equipment
Redemption of long-term investments or
repayment by GOCC/GFI of long-term loans
Cash Outflows:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of land
Investment in stocks/bonds
Investment in GOCC/GFI
Exposure as other long-term investments
Cash Inflows:
Cash received from domestic and foreign loans
Issuance of treasury bills
Cash Outflows:
Payment of domestic and foreign loans
Redemption of treasury bills outstanding
Payment of cash dividend
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information that cannot be expressed in money terms, and description of
accounting policies.
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Principles and methods peculiar to the
agency
Unusual application of generally
accepted accounting principles.
Consolidation principles
Accounting for long-term investments
Adoption of policy on increasing benefit
entitlements of the program members. The
effect of the increase shall be disclosed.
Basis of revenue recognition
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Sec. 81. Interim Reports. Interim reports are the financial
statements required to be prepared at any given period or at a financial
reporting period without closing the books of accounts. The following
interim financial statements shall be prepared and submitted quarterly
with the Notes to Financial Statements:
Statement Post-
Unadjusted Adjusted/Pre-
Closing of Income Closing Balance
Accounts Trial Adjustments Closing Trial
Entries and Trial Sheet
Balance Balance
Expenses Balance
Title Code Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
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c. Adjustments columns show adjusting journal entries effected
for the accounts.
h. Balance Sheet columns show all the debit and credit amount
balances of all real accounts in the post-closing trial balance
(assets, liabilities and government equity).
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accessibility to cost information and to facilitate cost monitoring at any
given period. While the use of Subsidiary Ledgers is sufficient to control
cost, it requires considerable time to summarize the cost incurred by
agency for its different programs, projects, activities and
offices/divisions, hence, responsibility accounting shall be done only
under the computerized accounting system.
1. Cost and
revenues can be directly associated with the specific
level of management responsibility;
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3. Budget data can be developed for
evaluating the manager’s effectiveness in controlling
the costs and revenues.
1. A
distinction is made between controllable and non-
controllable costs.
2. Performanc
e reports either emphasize or include only items
controllable by individual manager.
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Sec. 87. Responsibility Center Code Structure. Each
government agency shall be assigned a responsibility center code. The
coding structure shall be as follows:
000-00-000-000-000
Department/Agency/Province/City
Sub-responsibility Area
(Office/Unit/Program/Project)
Account Code
Examples:
Example 1
Department of ABC
Office of the Secretary
Central Office
None
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Accounting Unit
Travelling Expense-Local
Example 2
Department
Office of the Secretary
Operating Unit I
Local Project -
Computerization
Travelling Expense - Local
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(NCA) from the Department of Budget and Management
(DBM).
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