Second MBBS (Main) Examination Questions Dr. Lokendra Sharma, Professor Department of Pharmacology SMS Medical College, Jaipur - 302004Second MBBS (Main) Examination January — 2016 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Classify drugs used in bronchial asthma, Discuss mechanism ofaction, adverse effects & clinical status of beta -2 (P2) agonist. Marks:8 2. Explain why: Marks: 4x3=12 a) Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for the treatment of myasthenia gravis, b) Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are preferred over barbiturates as Sedative-hypnoties ¢) Ethanol is used for the treatment of methanol poisoning 4) Levodopa (L-DOPA) is combined with carbidopa. Section - B 3. Write short notes on the following: Marks: 31344=10 a) Spinal anaesthesia b) Proton-pump inhibitors cc) Drug antagonism 4. Give suitable answers to the following: Marks: 10 x I=10 a) Enumerate mydriatics & write then two uses. b) Define tachyphylaxis. Give suitable examples. ©) Enumerate methods of prolongation of drug action. d) Write advantages of second generation anti-histaminies over frist generation e) Name disease-modified anti-theumatic drugs (DMARDs)f) Write advantage of sub-lingual route of drug administration. Name the drugs given by this route. 2) Write the drugs used as pre-anaesthetic medication. hh) Define bio-availability. Mention its clinical significance. i) Write advantages & disadvantages of fixed-dose combination (FDC) of drugs. Second MBBS (Main) Examination January — 2015 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) all question are compulsory Section — A (Marks: 20 1. Classify beta blockers. Discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse drug reaction of beta blockers. Marks: 8 2. Explain why: Marks: 3x4=12 a) Elimination of weekly acidic drugs is enhanced in alkaline urine. b)_ Carbidopa is used in combination with levodopa in patients with parkinsonism. ©) Desmopressin is used in some patients of Nocturnal Enuresis ) Omeprazole causes more complete and prolonged suppression of gastric acid secretion than famotidine. Section — B (Marks: 20) 3. Give the pharmacological basis for: Marks: 2x10=20 a) Ultrashort action of thiopentone sodium, b) Use of ethanol in methanol poisoning. ©) Need of large dose of lidocaine to anaesthetize an infected area. 4d) Antiplatelet action of aspirin starts earlier than analgesic action,¢) Latanoprost eyedrops in glaucoma. 1) Use of sumatriptan in acute attack of migraine, 2) Use of lorazepam in status epilepticus. 1h) Use of mirtazapine in depression. i) Use of monteleukast in bronchial asthma. Use of methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthrit Second MBBS (Main) Examination January — 2015 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 separate answer book for each section) wu Section — A. 1. Attempt the following: Marks: 8 a) Describe suprainfection b) Describe the treatment of multibacillary leprosy ©) Write a short note on B ~ lactamase inhibitors d) Describe the role of cephalosporins in the treatment of enteric fever 2. Answer the following Marks: 8 a) Describe the pharmacotherapy of chloroquine resistant malaria. b) Describe the pharmacological basis for use of benzathine penicillin in syphilis ©) Describe briefly the drug treatment of extra-intestinal amoebiasis. 4) Describe the important pharmacological features of fluoroquinolones 3. Name the drugs used in the treatment of chronic angina pectoris, describe the mechanism of action, important adverse effect and mode of administration of any one of them.Mark Section —B Marks: 2x10=20 a) Describe the mechanism of action of bile acid binding resins in hyperlipidemia, b) Compare conventional with low molecular weight (LMW) heparins. ©) Briefly describe the drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis 4) Describe the mechanism of antihypertensive action of tl des. ©) Describe briefly protease inhibitors. f) Whatare the benefits of the use of combined oral contraceptive pills 2) Name an ovulation inducing agent and describe its mechanism of action. h) Enumerate newer insulins. How do they differ from the older insulins? i) Name antiplatelet drugs. How do they act? i) Describe the action of B.A.L. in heavy metal toxicity, Second MBBS (Main) Examination January — 2015 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Attempt the following: Marks: x48 a) Describe the rat al of combination of IMIPENEM and CILASTATIN in therapy. b) Discuss the therapeutic status of FLUCONAZOLE as an antifungal agent ©) Describe the pharmacological basis for the use of METRONIDAZOLE in anaerobic infection. ) Expalin why PYRIDOXIN is given along with ISONIAZID. 2. Write shorts on Marks: 2x4=8 a) Rationality or irrationality on combined use of RIFAMPICIN and oralb) Management of diabetic ketoacidosis ©) Rationality or irrationality on combined uses of cortisol and fludrocortisones @) Management of thyroid storm, 3. Enumerate the drugs in angina, Discuss the mechanism of action and therapeutie us 4. Give the pharmacological basis of the use of Marks: 2x1 a) by °) a 2 f) 2) bh) i) dD 1s of nitrates, Marks:4 Section — B Oxytocin for induction of labor. Tamoxifen in carcinoma bieast. Bromocriptine for suppression of lactation Leucovorin in patients of high dose methotrexate Mesna in patients on cyclophosphamide Acarbose in diabetes mellitus Frusemide in left ventricular failure. Angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension. Low molecular weight heparin in deep vein thrombosis, Dimercaprol in arsenic poisoning. Second MBBS (Main) Examination January — 2015 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A 1, Attempt the following: Marks: 8 a) b) 9 Mention various Insulin preparations and Indication of Insulin Enumerate Therapeutic uses and Adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy. Mention route and dosage of drugs used in acute attack of Angina4) Describe Loop Diuretics in details. 2. Answer the following: Marks: 8 a) Mention drug therapy for Faleiparum Ma lia b) Write management of lepromatous leprosy c) Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Biguanldes d) Various drugs for PPH. 3. Describe in details drugs for Hyertensive emergencies Marks:4 Section—B 4. Answer the following: - Marks: 2x10=20 a) Loading dose of chioroquine is used in malaria treatment. b) First dose effect of « blockers. c) Mention adverse effects of estrogen therapy. 4) Indication for streptokinase administration ©) Mention clomiphene citrate dose, route and adverse effects. 1) Anabolic steroid 2) Antibiotic resistance h) Describe clinical status of werfarin, i) Describe briefly contraindications of B-blockers use in clinical practice i) Drugs used in Acne vulo: Second MBBS (Main) Examination January/Feb — 2014 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A1. Classify antiepileptic drugs. Discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of a sodium valproate. Marks: & 2. Explain Why: Marks: 3x4=12 a) Pralidoxime is used for treatment of organophosphonus and not carbamate poisoning. b) Tamsulosin is preferred over prazosin for the treatment of Benign Prostate Hypertrophy. ©) Antihistaminics are not effective for treatment of bronchial asthma 4) Misoprostol is used for the treatment of NSAID induced peptie ulcer. Section —B 3. Write short notes on the following: Marks: 3+3+4=10 a) Transdermal therapeutic system b) Receptor regulation ©) Plasma t % and its elinical significance 4. Give suitable answers to the following:~ Marks: 2x10=20 a) What are the advantages of adding a vasoconstrictor to a local anaesthetic? b) Write the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine for treating paracetamol poisoning. ©) Why therapeutic drug monitoring is advised for patients on lithium therapy ? d) Morphine is contraindicate patients of head injury. ©) Bupiva ine is a preferred epidural anesthetic for painless delivery and postoperati analgesia £) Whats rational drug use? Give one suitable examples 2) Name the sites where f) adrenergic receptors are present and the responses mediated by them. fh) Name the commonly used nasal decongestants. Briefly write the mechanism of action and their side effects. i) What is enzyme induction? Mention its clinical significance.i) Why haloperidol is preferred drug for the treatment of acute schizophrenia?Second MBBS (Main) Examination January- 2013 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A 1. Classify antiepileptic drugs. Discuss the role of leukotriene (LT) modifiers and write the indications of montelukast. Marks: 8 2. Explain Why: Marks: 3x4=12 a) Adrenaline is a life saving drug in certain cond b) Flavoxate is used in bladder dysfunction ©) Drug combination is used in H. Pylori infection. d) Ketamine is preferred to thiopental for induction of general anaesthesia. Section-B 3. Write short notes on the following: Marks: 3+3+4=10 a) Essential drug concept b) Teratogenicity of drugs cc) Drug antagonism 4. Give suitable answers to the following:~ Marks: 2x10=20 a) What are the advantages of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) over trieyelic antidepressants ? b) Aspirin is used in low dose as a antiplatelet drug ©) Ranitidine is not used as antiallergic drug? d) Write mechanism of action and important uses of cetrimide. €) Write lignocaine as a local anaesthetic drug f) Name drugs causing disulfiram like reactionsg) What is Ondansetron? Mention its use. hh) What is zero order kinetics? give suitable examples, i) Pilocarpine is indicated in acute angle glaucoma why? j) It is advantageous to add the decarboxylase inhibitor drugs to be levo-dopa in treatment of parkinsonism, Second MBBS (Main) Examination January- 2012 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Classify Peadrenergic receptor blocking agents. Describe their pharmacological action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects Marks: 6 2. Write short notes on the following: Marks: 2x3=6 a) Proton pump inhibitors b) Pre-anaesthetic agents ©) Zero onder kinetics. 3. Describe in brief the drugs used in the treatment of the following:~ a) Methyl alcohol poisoning b) Acute attack of bronchial Asthma c) Parkinsonism ) Anaphylactic shock. Section —B 4. Enumerate two common uses and adverse effects of the following: Marks: 2x1 a) Adrenaline b) Diazepam ©) Lithium4) Ibuprofen ©) Dicyclomine 1) Alopurinol 2) Dopamine h) Tramadol i) Prazosin i) Physostigmine Second MBBS (Main) Examination February/March 2009 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40, (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A. Classify drugs used in treatment of major depression describe mechanism of action and adverse effects of tricyc! (SSRI) and Atypical Antidepressants differ from the TCA. inti-depressants (TCA). Explain how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Marks: 8 Write short notes on the following: Marks: 2x3=6 a) H--blockers. b) Kinetics of ©) Mast cell stabilizers, Describe in brief the drugs used in the treatment of the following:- Marks: 2x3=6 a) Myaesthenia gravis b) Status epilepticus ©) Methanol poisoning Section— B Write two uses and two important adverse effect of the following drugs in the same order as given below: Marks: 2x10=20a) Phenylephrine b) Atropine ©) Prazosin 4) Pentazocine ¢) Lithium carbonate 4) Phenytoin sodium g) Ambroxol h) Baclofen i) Allopurinol i) Ondomsetron Second MBBS (Main) Examination February/March 2008 Pharmacology Papers-1 Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A Enumerate commonly used NSAIDS. Discuss briefly the mode of action, uses and adverse effects of diclofenac sodium. Write short notes on the following: a) Non-linear kintics of drugs b) Essential drugs ©) Centrally acting anticholinergic drugs. d) Second generation Hy Antihistamines, Write ultra short notes on the following: Marks: 2x3=6 a) Why sublingual route is used for administration of nitroglycerineb) Differentiate between an agonist and a partial agonist ©) Tachyphylaxis )_Name the drugs used for induction of general anaesthesia. ) Enlist adverse drug reaction with emeprazole f) Therapeutic uses of Diazepam g) Define bio availability and bioequivalence h) Drugs of choice for grandma seizures i) Three important contraindications for use of morphine. j) Enumerate a typical antipsychotic drugs. Section—B 1. Explain why? Marks: 4 a) A loading dose is initially given for some drugs b) Aspirin is not recommended for use in Gout ©) Betablockers are not preferred for use in diabetics 4) Adrenaline is combined with Xylocaine 2. Write in brief the drug treatment of the following: Marks: 6 a) Acute congestive glaucoma 'b) Status asthmaticus cc) Gastro-csophageal reflux disease. 3. Write ultra short notes on the following: Marks: 10 a) Enlist adverse drug reactions with Praz b) Name the drugs used for Motion sickness ©) Give a list of the drugs for an acute attack of migraine d) Enlist therapeutic uses of prostaglandin analogues2) hy Contraindications for the use of ACE inhibitors. Enumerate adverse effects of lithium Enumerate cardio-seleetive betablockers. Therapeutic uses of dopamine Cholinesterase reactivators. Second MBBS (Main) Examination May 2007 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — AL. Enumerate atypical antidepressants. How do these from tricyclic antidepressants. Mention their therapeutic uses and important adverse effects Marks: 8 Explain Why: Marks: 3x4=12 a) Omeprazole causes more complete and prolonged suppression of gastric acid secretion than ranitidine, b) Allopurinol is preferred over probenacid in patients of gout with renal insufficiency, ©) Beta-adronergic —receptors-blocker should not be given alon for the treatment of Pheochromocytoma, d) Morphine is contraindicated in head injury Section -B Write short notes on the following: Marks: 2x10=20 a) Dobutamine b) P-drug concept ¢) Trans-dermal-drug-delivery system. Give suitable answer to the following: a) b) 8) Name two central caugh suppressants Give one perso for IV infusion of dobutamine in post-myocardial infarction induced acute cardiac failure. Reasons for avoiding valproic acid in younger children for treatment of Epilepsy Carbidopa or levodopa is more effective in parkinson’s disease. Phocomelia is a teratogenic effect of which drug? Succinyl choline is a depolarizing type muscle relaxant or non-depolarizing type. Out of levodopa and trihexyphenidyl which one is used in drug induced parkinsonism,h) Why Ipratropium and not Atropine is used in bronchial asthma> i) Why TV infusion of phenytoin sodium is given with normal saline not with 5% dextrose solution ) Dopamine is administere by which route? Second MBBS (Main) ExaminationSeptember 2006 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A L. Classify NSAIDS. Write their mechanism of action and their therapeutic use. Marks: 8 2. Describe pharmacological basis for the use of: Marks: 12 a) B-blockers in angina pectoris b) Metaclopamide as antiemetic c) Adrenaline along with local anesthetics d) Transdermal delivery system. Section— B 3. Write dug treatment of: Marks10 a) Peptic ulcer b) Cute congestive glaucoma ©) Acute attack of bronchial asthma 4, Write two uses and two important adverse effects of the following: Marks: 10 a) Dopamine b) Lignocaine ©) Prostaglandins d) Phenytoin; ¢) Salbutamol f) Clonidineg) Propranolol h) Cisapride i) Prazocin i) Atropine Second MBBS (Main) Examination May 2006 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A Classify the antihypertensive agents. Explain the mechanism of action, discuss adverse effects, drug interaction and uses of ACE in! Marks: Discuss the rationale for the use of : Marks: 12 a) Iodides before thyroid surgery b). Vasodilators in congestive heart failure ©) Fluoxetine in mental depres ion 4d) Clavvlanic acid in combination with amoxicillin Section B 3. Write short notes on the following: Marks:8 4) Clopidogrel ©) Clofazimine f) Esmolol g) Lithium carbonate 4, Explain why: Marks: 12 a) Anabolic steroids have been banned in competitive sportsb) Antimuscamic drug are contraindicated in glaucoma ©) Continuous application of gycery! trinitrate skin patch cause development of tolerance 4) Efficacy is considered more important than potency of a drug for therapeutic response. Second MBBS (Main) Examination January 2007 Pharmacology Papers-l Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A 1. Classify anti-adrenergic drugs. Write their important therapeutic uses and adverse effects, Marks: 8 2. Discuss pharmacological basis for the use of the following: Marks: 4x3= 12 a) Nitrites in angina pectoris, b) Benzhexol in parkinsonism ©) Lithium in mental illness d) Enzyme inhibitors Section -B 3. Write short notes on the following Marks:4+3+3=10 a) Biotransformation b) Drug treatment of H pylori infection ©) Pre-anaesthetic agents 4. Write two uses and two important adverse effect of the following: Marks:1x10=10a) Ipratropium bromide b) Enalapril c) Brom rexine d) Ephedrine ¢) Aspirin 4) Disulphiram g) Gabapentin h) Nitrazepam i) Selegiline i) Procaine Second MBBS (Main) Examination January 2013 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A. 1. Answer the following = Marks: 8 a) Discuss misuse of antibiotics b) Describe chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis c) Enumerate extended spectrum penicillins. Describe their therapeutic uses. 4) Describe adverse effect of chloroquine. Enumerate precautions and contraindication for its use in clinical practice. 2. Answer the following: Marks: 8 a) Describe the importance of azithromycin in clinical practice. b) Classify insulin analogues. Mention advantages of rapidly acting analogues.c) Name the drugs used in anaerobic bacterial infections. Discuss their adverse effects and contraindications. 4d) Describe mechanism of action and adverse effects of Isonizid. Enumerate calcium channel blockers. Describe their therapeutic uses. Marks: 4 Section —B Answer the following: Marks:20 a) Discuss clinical status of enalepril in patients of essential hypertension, b) Highlight the clinical uses of glucocorticoids ©) Describe guidelines for using oral contraceptive agents 4) Describe briefly drawbacks of using beta blockers in clinical practice. ©) Highlight the therapeutic uses and adverse effects of estrogens. 1) Describe clinical status of warfarin. 2) Discuss role of oxytocin in obstertric practice h) Discuss guidelines for using diureties in heart failure. i) Compare and contrast the important peculiarities of propylthiouracil and carbimazole. {) Highlight current clinical status of aspirin as antiplatelet agent, Second MBBS (Main) Examination, 2012 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A Classify antiarrhythmic agents. Describe the mechanism of action, mode of administration and therapeutic uses of Xylocaine (Lidocaine or Lignocaine) Marks: 6 Write short notes on the following :- Marks: 2x4=8 a) Metronidazole b) Parenteral iron preparations¢) Hormonal contraceptives d) Antiplatelet agents Briefly explain the pharmacological basis of use ofthe following: Marks: 2x3-6 a) Thiazide diureties in hypertension b) Calcium channel blockers (CCB) in Angina ©) ACE inhibitors in C.HLP. Section -B 4. Describe the following in brief: Marks:20 a) Anabolie steroids b) Drugs used in Acne Vulgaris ©) Fluoroquinolones 4) Methotrexate as antineoplastic agent ¢) Nitrofurantoin (NET) as urinary antiseptic. 4) Drugs used in pseudomembranous colitis £) Drugs used in chloroquin resistant faleiparum malaria h) Clomiphen i) Oral anticoagulants ) Beta-lactamase inhibitors Second MBBS (Main) Examination, February/March 2009 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A1. Enumerate the drugs used in treatment of Angina. Describe the mechanism of action mode of administration and important adverse effects of any two such drugs. Marks: 4 2. Write short notes on the following = Marks: 2x48 a) Sparfloxacin b) Beta lactamase inhi ©) Oxytocin 4d) Ferrous sulphate 3. Briefly explain the pharmacological basis of use of the following: Marks: 2x3=6 a) Radioactive iodine in hyperthyroidism b) Rifampicin in tuberculosis ©) Enalapril in congestive cardiac failure d) Mebendazole in worm infestations ¢) Zidovudine in HIV infections, Section —B 4. Describe the following in bri Marks:20 a) Treatment ofan acute of P, vivax malaria, b) Surgical chemoprophylaxis. ©) Frusemide d) Adverse effects of corticosteroids ©) Mifepristone #) Warfarin sodium 2) Vitamin C h) Ciomphene citrate i) Treatment of scabiesj) Third generation cephalosporins. Second MBBS (Main) Examination, February 2008 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 separate answer book for each section) wu Section — A 1. Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe briefly their mechanism of actions and current therapeutic status. Marks: 4 2. Write short notes on the following :- Marks: 6 a) Nitroglycerine b) Primaquine ©) Folic acid 4) Terbinafine 3. Briefly explain the pharmacological basis of use of the following: Marks: 2x3-6 a) Radioactive iodine in hyperthyroidism b) Rifampicin in tuberculosis ©) Enalapril in congestive cardiac failure d) Mebendazole in worm infestations ©) Zidovudine in HIV infections. Section — B 4. Describe the following in brief: Marks:20 a) Treatment ofan acute of P. vivax malaria. b) Surgical chemoprophylaxis. ©) Frusemide d) Adverse effects of corticosteroids©) Mifepristone sodium, 1) Warfa 2) Vitamin C h) Ciomphene citrate i) Treatment of scabies i) Third generation cephalosporins Second MBBS (Main) Examination, July 2008 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 separate answer book for each section) wu Section — A. 1, Enumerate Antithyroid drugs. Describe the mechanism of action and important side effects of any two such drugs 2. Write short notes on the following :- Marks: 6 1) Perenteral iron preparations b) Metronidazole ©) Clonidine 4) Primaquine Briefly explain the pharmacological basis of use of the following: — Marks: 2x3=6 a) Low dose of Aspirin in M.L. b) Combination OCP ©) Dots therapy. ) Atenolol in Hypertension ©) felactum antibiotics Section -B4. Describe the following in brie a) b) °) d) 9 p) 8) h) i Marks:20 Treatment of maturity onset diabetes mellitus Nitroglycerine in Angina pectoris Treatment of typhoid fever Thiazides in ibetes insipidus Glucocorticoids in Bronchial astma Folic acid. Ergometrine Doxyeyeline Treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria Combination of sulphonamide and trimethoprim. Second MBBS (Main) Examination, May 2007 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A Classify oral hypoglycemic drugs. Describe their mechanism of action important side effect and current clinical status. Marks: 4 Write short notes on the following =~ Marks: 6 a) Suprainfection b) Thrombolytics c) Side effects cinchona alkacids 4) Angiotensin receptor antagonists Briefly explain the pharmacological basis for the use of Marks: 2x3=6 a) Benzathine pencilin in syphilis b) Clomiphene©) Dopamine in congestive carciav failure 4d) Norfloxacin in urinary tract infection ©) BAL in heavy metal toxicity Section—B Describe the following in brief: Marks:20 a) Radioactive iodine b) Combination therapy in tuberculosis ©) Combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin @) Thi fides in hypertension e) Dicoumarol f) Oxytocir 2) High ceiling diuretics h) Ferrous sulfate i) Drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. i) Lepra reaction Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2006 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A Classify anticoagulant drugs. Dise ss the mechanism of action side effects, drug therapeutic uses of waxfarin. Marks: 4 Write short notes on the following :- Marks: 6 a) Therapeutic uses of corticosteroids b) Oxytocie agents©) Vitamin D d) Cyprofioxacin Briefly explain the pharmacological basis for the use of : Marks: 1x10=10 a) Clomiphene citrate in infertility b) Choloroquine in malaria ©) Leuprolide in prestate cancer d) Enalapril in congestive heart failure ©) Rifampicin in lepreesy 1) Mifepristone in therapeutic abortion 2) Nitrates in cyanide poisoning h) Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole i) Sildenafil in erectile dysfunction i) Propranalol in angina pectoris. Section— B 4. Describe the following in brief: Marks:20 a) HMG-CoA Reductase inl ors b) Osmotic direties ©) Methotrexate 4) Clopidogrel ©) Amxinone 1) Erythromycin 2) Praziquantel h) Male contraceptives i) Insulin preparationsj) 4 generation cephalosporins Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2011 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section)nv Section —A Classify drugs used in treatment of bronchial asthma, Describe briefly 2-agonist Write short notes on the following a) Drug antagonism b) Selective COX2 inhibitors ©) Pethidine Marks: 6 Marks: 2x3=6 Describe in brief drug treatment of the following: Marks: 2x4=8 a) HL. pylori infection b) Myasthenia gravis oc iogenic shock 4) Open angle glaucoma Section— B Write two uses and two important adverse effects of the following drugs: a) Omeprazole b) Metoclopramide ©) Dextromethorphan 4) Diazepam ©) Dipgeny! hydantoin f) Fluoxetine g) Halothane h) qireceptor antagonist i) Phenylephrine : Marks:20i) Atropine Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2011 Pharmacology Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A 1. Enumerate the drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Describe briefly sulfonylureas Marks: 6 2. Write short notes on the following :- Marks: 2x4=8 a) Contrimoxazole b) Hydrochlorothiazide ¢) Warfarin sodium d) Oxytocin Explain briefly the pharmacological basis for the use of the following: Marks: 2x3=6 a) Enalapril for essential hypertension b) Radioactive iodine for hyperthyroidism ©) Amlodipine for prophylaxis of angina pectoris, Section —B 4, Write two uses and two important adverse effects of the following drugs: Marks:20 a) Antimicrobial resistance b) Adverse effect of corticosteroids ©) Ketoconazole ) Metronidazole€) Indication and adverse effects of oral iron therapy £) Drugs for category ITB ciprofloxacin 2) Treatment of lepra reaction h) Clomiphene citrate i) Adverse effects of digoxin Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2010 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Classify and caumeratic antimicrobial agents effective against gram negative bacterial infections. Discuss the mechanism of action. Adverse effects precantions and uses of gentamicin. Marks: 4 2. Write short notes:~ Marks: 6 a) Selective Estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) b) Spironolactone as a diuretic ©) ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephrology d) Statins in hyperlipedemia 3. Describe briefly the pharmacological basis for the use of a) Intra vaginal diagnoprostone in pregnant woman, b) Corticosteroids in treatment of tuberculosis ©) Clopidogril in the treatment of myocardial infarction d) Methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ©) Artemesinin derivatives in the treatment of malariaSection -B 4, Describe the following in brief: Marks:10 a) Provention of bacterial resistance b) Drug treatment of urinary tract infection ©) Drug treatment of Osteoporosis, 4) Use of interferan as antiviral therapy €) Inalapril and trimeterine combination is contraindicated 5. Write short notes on: Marks:10 a) Enoxaparin b) Desferroxamine ©) Dots pioglitazone d) Combination of Amoxicilin with clavulanic acid. Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2009 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Classify corticosteroids. Describe their mechanism of action, therapeutics uses, adverse effects and contraindications. Marks: 4 2. Write short notes on the following Marks: 6 a) Zidovudine b) Vancomycin ©) Pranziquantol d) Prokinetic agents 3. Briefly explain the pharmacological basis for the use of the following: Marks: 6 a) Hydroxy chloroquine in systemic lupus eryhemarosis,b) Clomiphene in the treatment of infertility, ©) Finasteride in prostate hyperplasia d) Metronidazole in pseudo membranous colitis. ©) HAART in HIV infection Section — B 4, Describe the following in brief: Marks:20 a) Clarithromycin b) Albendazole ©) MDR tubcrulosis treatment 4) Post anti biotic effect e) Emergency contraceptives 1) Drug therapy of ketoacidosis 2) Rosiglhazone h) Community acquired pneumonia i) Oral cephalosporins ) Drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis Second MBBS (Main) Examination, September 2006 Pharmacology Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1, Enumerate drugs used in the treatment of hypertension. Write mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeu uses of enalapril Marks: 6 2. Write short notes on the following Marks: 4a) Erythropoctin b) Amlodipine ©) Albendazole 4) Thioamide compounds 3. Briefly explain the pharmacological basis for the use of: Marks: 10 a) Streptokinase in myocardial infarction b) Thiazides in congestive heart failure ©) Pyrazinamide in tuberculosi d) Glucocorticoids in organ transplantation e) Zidovndine in AIDS 1) Finasteride in benign prostate hypertrophy 2) Metronidazole in pscudomembranous colitis 1h) Misoprostol in therapeutic abortion i) Folic acid in pregnancy i) Doxyeyline in malaria Section—B 4. Describe the following in brief Marks:20 a) Loop diuretics b) Bile acid sequestarants ©) Ketoconazole 4) Moming after pill ¢) Estrogen receptor modulators 4) Sulfonyluren compoundsg) Clavulanie acid h) Cyclophosphamide i) Clofazamine i) Vitamin K Second MBBS (Main) Examination, Pharmacology Papers-IlTime: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section —A Emumerate the drugs used in treatment of Hypertension. Desscribe the mechanism of action, mode of administration and important adverse effects of any two such drugs Marks: 6 Write short notes on the following a) Gentamicin b) Mifepriustone ©) Frusemide d) Low molecular weight heparin Briefly explain the pharmacological basis for the use of the following: a) Combination pill for contraception b) Atoryastatin in hyperlipidemia ©) Nitroglycerine for angi pectoris Section - B Describe the following in brief: a). Superfeet n b). Uses of corticosteroids ©) Treatment of acene vulgaris 4) Griseofulvin ©) Chemoprophylaxis of malria 1) Radioactive iodine 2) Human insulin Marks: 8 Marks: 6 Marks: 20h) Metronidazole i) Parenteral iron therapy i) Vitamin -D Second MBBS (Main) Examination, Pharmacology May 2005 Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A Enumerate the drugs used in treatment of Hypertensionof chronic angina pectoris. Describe the mech: m of action, common adverse effects and mode of administration of any one of them. Marks: 4 Write short notes on: Marks: 6 a) Amoxycillin + Clavulanie acid combination b) Inhalational corticosteroids ©) Drug treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy d) Suprainfection Describe the pharmacological basis of the use of the following in brief: Marks: 10 a) Clomifence in female infertility b) Thiazides in hypertension ©) Ergometrine in post-partum haemorrhage infection d) Norfloxnein in urinary tra ©) Aspirin in coronary artery disease1) Benzathine penicillin in syphilis £) Dopamine in congestive heart failure h) Bromoeryptine in hyperprolactinemia i) BI2 in megaloblastic anemia j) Kin toxicity produced by oral anti caugulants. Section -B 4, Describe the following in brief: Marks: 20 a) Mechanism of action of bi b) Adverse drug reactions of digitalis ©) Concerned and coreeptive pill d) Dicthylcarbamazine ¢) Treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria. 1) Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides g) Ceftriaxone h) Drug toxicity of chloramphenicol i) Advantage of doxycyline over other tetracyclines i) MebendazoleSecond MBBS (Main) Examination, Pharmacology May 2005 Papers-Il Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 .eparate answer book for each section) wu Section —A 1. Classify drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Describe in brief the mechanism of action, side effects and status of use of isoniazid in different forms of tuberculos Marks: 6 2. Write short notes on: Marks: 4 a) Metronidazole b) Furosemide ©) Broad spectrum penicillins d)_ Estrogen receptor antagonists3. Give pharmacological basis for the use of Marks: 10 a b) 9 @ ) D ®) ‘hy i Nalidixic acid in urinary tract infection Ergometrine for post-partum haemorrhage Mannitol for acute cerebral oedema. Caleitriol for rickets, idamycin as anti-acene Methotrexate as antineoplastic agent Rosiglitazone diabetes mellitus Nitroglycerine for acute attack of angina pectoris Single dose azithromycin for chlanydial genitourethritis Flutannide for prostatic carcinoma, Section - B 4. Describe the following in brief: Marks: 20 a) b) 9 4) ° f 2) h) i) d Chloroquine as antimalarial agent Post-coital contraceptives Folic acid as haemopetic drug. Vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs Diposomal amphotericin B Uses of ceftriaxone Beta adrenoceptor blockers as antihypertensive agent Albendazole as antic is agent. Multidrug therapy for leprosy Highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART).Second MBBS (Main) Examination, Pharmacology May 2001 Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Discuss the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.2. Give the pharmacological basis of the use of the following drugs with their mode of administration in that particular condition a) Imipramine in endogenous depression b) Surenlaw in peptic ulcer. ©) Ipropium bromide in bronchial asthma 4) Phenoxybenzamine in phochromocytoma Section - B 3. Write notes on the followin, Marks: 8 a) Tretment of acute nigraine b) Adverse effects of chlorpromazine ©) New generation HI receptor blockers 4) Treatment of status epilepticus 4. Give brief and precise answers of the following Marks: 12 a) Liquid pamffin but not castor oil is used to treat constipation in a pregnant woman why? b) When lignocaine is used as local anesthetic. Adrenaline is combined with it explain this ©) What is steady state concentration of a drug? If plasma half life of drug A is 20 hours after how much time its stendy state concentration will be achived? 4) What do you mean by teratdgenic effect of a drug ? name two drugs that have toratogenic effects ©) Define affinity and intrins activity of n drug in relation to receptor. 1) As hypnotic diazepam is preferred to any barbiturate drug. Why?Second MBBS (Main) Examination, Pharmacology September 2002 Papers-I Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 40 (Use separate answer book for each section) Section — A 1. Classify adrenergic drugs. Describe pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Adrenaline. 2. Mention the drugs used, their mechanism of action, adverse effects and dosage schedule for the following: a) Acute Rhematie fever b) Methyl Alcohol poisoning ©) Status epilepticus 4) Peptic ulcer 3. Write short notes on: a) Local Anaestbeti b) Atropine substitutes ©) Drug therapy of glaucoma d) Prokioetic agents 4, Answer the following briefly (in few words only) a) Dopamide is used for the treatment of cardiogenic shock because b) Action of thiopentone is very brief because. ©) Name a phenothiazine that will not produce extrapyramidal reactions. Name a drug that ‘can be used to treat extrapyramidal reactions d) Name one opioid agoni: intagonist and its advantage over morphine. ©) Ina young child sulfering from viral intection aspirin is not used because... f) Apnoea produced by overdose of succinylcholine should be treated by. 2) Mentaion two coutraindication for beta receptor blockersh) Use of adrenaline or isoprenaline should be avoided in status asthmatics because... i) Name mucolytie agent-mention one condition in which it ean be used. ) Give two examples of drug interaction occurring due to enzyme inhibition Section — B 5. Write a short essay on drug dependence a) Beta blockers in hypertension b) Atropine as preanaesthetic medication ©) Levodopa earbidopa combination in parkinnism. d) Sodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. 6. Write short notes on: a) Liquid carbonate b) Therapeutic uses of Morphine ©) Fixec dose drug combinations 4) Newer drug delivery systems 7. Answer the following briefly (in few words only) a) Disadvantage of Atropine lopermide combination b) Two contraindication to the use of astor oil as purgative. ©) What is a placebo? Mention one indication for its use. d) What is teratogenicity ? name one drug that causes teratogenicity. ©) Monitoring plasma levels of phenvtion is very important because... 1) And..........are disease modifying drugs, useful in treatment of rheumatold arthritis 2) ....syndrome is produced by chloramphenleol when given in newbom baby h) Therapeutic index of diazepam is.compared to that of lithium.i) 10 mg of morphine and 100 mg of pethidine produce equal degree of analgesia. This, means pethidine is potent than morphine.