1.5 Lagrange linear partial differential eq tions The equation of the form Pp+Qq=R is known as Lagrange linear equation and P, Q and R are functions « y and z. To solve this type of equations it is enough to solve the equé which the subsidiary equation dx _ dy aro a _ a1.5. LAGRANGE LINEAR PDE fe From the above subsidiary equation we can obtain two i Rag u(z.y.2) = es and v(2,9,2) Say iets 5) oo cae : equation is given by O(u,2) =O. ee There are two methods of solving the subsidiary equation known method of grouping and method of multiplies, oa 1. Method of grouping : eae Consider the subsidiary equation Fm = $2 Take any two ratios of the above equation say the first two or first and third or second and third Suppose we take [5 = and if the functions P and Q may contain the variables, then eliminate the variable z, Then the dire integ:ation gives u(z,y) = 1,0(9,2) = cay then the solution of the Lagrange's equation is given by (4,0) = 0. 2, Method of multipliers ‘Choose any three multiplier (,m,n which may be coastant or fuaction of sry and = such that dz _dy dz _ Ide +mdy+ndz PQ" Rh” WPemQenk 4+nR = 0 then Idx --mdy +ndz. Now direct integration os+6 Engineering Math, ‘Taking the fist ratio we have dz _ dy eee Integrating we get loge = logy + loge: loga—logy = loge; = log= = loger y ao v ‘Taking the second and third ratio we have dy _ ae yng?! Integrating we get logy = log + log.ex log = hoger =a ‘The roquired solution is @ ( Fi) ) Example 2. Solve zp +4q = Solution. The subsidiary equation is corey ec zy Taking the first ratio we have dr cise Integrating we get loge = logy + loge, Boe y15. LAGRANGE LINEAR PDE a Toking the first and third ratio we have @ & ee | d= & Integrating we got t=2+a f-2 =a ‘The required solution is ¢ (2,2 — 2 y Example 3. Solve tanzp + tanyg = tanz Solution. The subsidiary equation is a: tanz ~ tany ~ tanz de dy fanz ~ tang cost _ cosy sing” = Sing” Integrating we get logsinz = lo 8 Siny sinz siny Integrating we get logsiny = logsin y + loger loge logsiny + loge logea oeee. 58 Engincering Mathematic, The required solution is 4 (=, sau) <9 sing? sinz Example 4. Find the complete integral of the partial differential equation (1—2)p+(2—y)g=3-z (A.U. NOV/DEC 2006) Solution. The subsidiary equation is c= I-z 2-y 3-2 T-2 Integrating we get —log(1- 2) 2-y I-2 dx I-a Integrating we got —log(1- 2) 3-2 1 Q- = —log(2— y) + loge, 1 dz 3-2 — log(3 — z) + log cz Cy he required solution is ¢ (= 2) 0 Exercise Solve the following, Laptyq=2 2.x p+y"y 3. Vap + Jug 4. cot rp + cot y cot z 5. (a —2)pt (b-y)q = (ce 6. yzp +r2q = ry5. LAGRANGE LINEAR PDE Answers Examples based on method of multipliers Example 1. Solve (y — z)p + (z-2)q= (t-y) Solution. The given equation is Lagrange equation. Hence the subsidiary equation is dz _ dy _ dz yz 2-2 ty Using the multipliers 1,1,1 we have dz + dy +dz yorse—tta-y dz + dy +dz 0 Each ratio = a = drtdy+de atytz 4 a Using the multipliers 2,y,z we have adr + ydy + 2dz zy — 2) +@—2) +2(@-¥) dz + ydy + 2d 0 Each ratio =ae 60 Engineering Mathems => rdrt+ydytedz = 0 erga ae: ’ gtatz - % eyt2? 2c Pty te? oy Hence the solution is (x+y + 2,27 +" +2") =0 Example 2. Solve «(y ~ z)p + y(z — 2)q = 2(2 ~ 9)- Solution. The giver equation is Lagrange equation. Hence the subsidiary equation is eraaieyn ea de ry-2) v@-2) 2e-v) Using the multipliers 1, 1,1 we have i de + dy + dz Bach ratio = Tyree yz ay +z — ye _ dt dy +dz a 0 = drtdytde rtyte 1 Using the multipliers — ry: Each ratio eortr-y eae Lae ¢ tdy + Adz Pea eels 015. LAGRANGE LINBAR PDE. de de at o+u,e m0 loge + logy + logs = loge, logrys = loge we = Hence the solution is 6(e+y + 2,2yz)=0 Example 3. Solve 2(y? ~ 23)p + y(z? - 29)q = 2(z? ~ y?) Solution. The given equation is Lagrange equation. Hence the subsidiary equation is dr m dy dz : VP -F) “@ 2) ~ eA) Using the multipliess x,y, = we have o: dz + ydy + 2dz = 37-5 _ ade + ydy + yde "_ eet = adr t+ydy+zdz = 0 1 ‘Choose the multipliers —,62 Engincering Mathemats loge + logy +logz = loges log xyz aye The roquired solution is @ (2? + y* + z4,2yz) = 0 Example 4. Solve 2(y— 2)p +z -z)¢ = 2%(z—) Solution. The given equation is Lagrange equation, Hence the subsidiary equation is dz oe Bach ratio = ay—2)+u(e—#)+28-9) ease fat Tay + 30 i 0 a reer ea cI Vee log + logy +logz = loge, logzyz = loge. LAGRANGE LINEAR PDE e required solution is ¢ (ry2,a? + y? — 23) =0 Example 7. Find the general solution of 2(x — y) )V/DEC 2006) Solution. The given equation is Lagrange equation, Hence the subsidiary equation is dz dy s-4 Taking the first two ratios Sle sim ale =F cr y .dding first two ratios and comparing this with third Zo¥ da + dy (c+) —) dr+dy zty z log(z+y) = logz+logcs (c+) lo ae = loges The rut soltin is # (+ Siar ) a Example 8. Solve (2? — y? — 2?)p + 2ryq = 2x7 Solution. The given equation is Lagrange equation Hence the subsidiary equation is ap — yg (A.V.rm — 66 Engineering Math Taking the second and third ratios dy 2ary dy logy = logs +loger y 4 Using the multipliers 2, y,= we have adr + ydy + Each ratio = Pay as? + ey? srde+ ydy + Bray te dn + ydy + zat+y +z) Comparing this with the second ratio dy _ zde+ydy+2d2 ry 2+? +27) dy _ 2xde +ydy + zde) y @ry +e) logy = log(z?+y? + 2") + loge,1.5. LAGRANGE LINEAR PDE 67 Using the multipliers 2, y, z we have : dn + ydy + 2d2 . Each ratio = Stuy eds 2) BODEN SS pas ane @ Comparing (1) and (2)we have dx+ dy + dz = ade + ydy + edz ere, i ciaaia ees e+y +2 —yz—22— cy Dey +2 — Bayz de+dy + dz de +ydy + 2d oe Paypte—y—a—ay @tyt ety te lar + ydy + 2d: Foes yee ey (z+y+2) (ety +2)(de+dy+de) = dr +ydy+dz . meet 0h rue? = T+bsdte ame pa 2 Figg ttre = S+ 545+ rytyztar = G4 Taking the first. two ratios