LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)

Refresher Course

WHAT TO EXPECT
INTEGRATED MUSIC THEORY

Focus: Integration and application of the musical elements and principles

Competencies:

1. Distinguish and analyze different elements and related concepts in music.

PART I – CONTENT UPDATE

Music is an art of organized sounds which expresses ideas and emotions in significant
forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, form, harmony and timbre-dynamics.

Every single tone has four qualities – pitch, intensity, duration and timbre – which are
perceptible to the human ear.

1. Pitch – is the highness or lowness (or height or depth) of a musical sound.

2. Intensity – is concerned with the strength or weakness (or loudness or softness)
of sound.
3. Duration – covers the length of time between the beginning (attack) and the end
(decay) of a sound.
4. Timbre – the distinctive quality or tone color of each instrument /voice which
makes one sound different from another even when they are both producing the
same pitch with equal intensity and duration.

MUSICAL ELEMENTS

A. RHYTHM – is the flow of music through time.

 Beat – is a regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.

 Meter – the organization of beats into regular groups.

1. Simple Meter – is division of time where the fundamental pulses subdivide

into groups of two, four, etc.

2. Compound Meter – is a division in which the fundamental pulses subdivide

into groups of three, six, twelve, etc.

3. Polymeter – is double meter to indicate that two meters are combined or

there is constant change from one meter to the other back and both.

 Time Signature – consist of two numbers. The upper number indicates the number of
beats for every measure and the lower number indicates what kind of note receives one
beat.

 Rhythmic Pattern – is the division of beats into patterns of sound. A combination of

notes and rests found in one measure of a given time signatures.

 Syncopation – is musical process that involves adding an unexpected element to the

basic beat of a musical composition. A dislocation of the strong accents within a
measure.

 Accent – stress or added emphasis given to a note.

B. MELODY – is a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole. Melodic
directions of movement are going up, going down and repeated.

 Pitch – the highness and lowness of a sound.

 Key Signatures – consists of sharps and flats.
 Scale – is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order.

C. TEMPO – rate or speed in music

 Andante – moderately slow

 Allegro – fast
 Moderato – moderately
 Lento – slow
 Vivace – lively
 Presto – very fast
 Accelerando – gradually becoming faster
 Ritardando – gradually becoming slower

D. DYNAMICS – the loudness and softness in music.

 Fortissimo (ff) – very loud

 Pianissimo (pp) – very soft
 Mezzo Piano (mp) – half soft
 Mezzo Forte (mf) – half loud
 Crescendo – gradually becoming louder
 Decrescendo – gradually becoming softer

E. FORM – the structure or framework of a composition.

 Tone – smallest unit of a composition.

 Figure – smallest characteristic group of a tone
 Motive – is a tone group that may be identified with a particular composition.
 Phrase – is a succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give a musical
thought.
 Period – a complete musical thought consisting of two phrases in Question and
Answer.
 Section – a combination of periods.
 Unitary – consist of one part.
 Binary – consist of two parts.
 Ternary – consist of three parts.
 Rondo – consist of more than three parts.

F. TIMBRE – is the qualifying difference between one tone and another. The color of sound
produced by the voice and different instrument.
 Soprano
 Alto
 Tenor
 Bass
 Orchestral Instruments
 Rondalla Instruments

G. TEXTURE – is the relationship of melodies (horizontal) and harmonic (vertical) elements

in music. Produce qualities of lightness or heaviness, thickness or thinness.

 Monophonic – single unaccompanied melodic line.

 Polyphonic – consist of two or more melodic lines.
 Homophonic – one main melody accompanied by chords.

H. HARMONY – is the simultaneous sounding of a group of tones. The vertical relationship

between a melody and its accompanying chords or between melodies simultaneously
played or sung.

 Triad – consist of three notes: the root, 3rd and 5th.

 Chord – a musical sonority consisting of three or more tones sounded
simultaneously.
PART II – ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

1. What is the meter of music when the time signature is a fast 6/4 ?

a. simple duple c. simple triple

b. compound duple d. compound triple

2. In cut time music, how many beats will a dotted half note receive?

a. 3 beats b. 2 beats c. one and a half beat d. one beat

3. Which does not have a syncopated rhythm?

a. c.

b. d.

4. Complete this measure:

a. c.

b. d.

5. What interval can be found between the 6 th and the 7th notes of a harmonic minor scale?

a. whole tone b. 3 semi tones c. semitone d. 2 whole tones

6. The resulting interval of an inverted diminished 5 th is___________.

a. perfect 5th b. perfect 4th c. diminished 4th d. augmented 4th

7. The enharmonic note of G double sharp is___________.

a. F double sharp b. A Double flat c. F d. A

8. Keys having the same key signature but different tonic notes.

a. parallel keys b. relative keys c. tonic keys d. perfect keys

9. The first note of a mode is called_________.

a. finalis b. tenor c. confinalis d. dominant

10. A grace note that has no definite time value and is usually played as quickly as possible.

a. Turn b. Appoggiatura c. Acciacatura d. mordent

11. A property of tone that is concern with the weakness and strength; or the softness or
loudness of tone
.
a. duration b. timbre c. sonority d. intensity

12. Which of the following songs follows the unisectional form?

a. Leron-Leron Sinta c. Plilipinas Kong Mahal

 b. Pambansang Awit d. Bituing Marikit

13. The underlying principle in this form is the recurrence of a main theme which alternates
with one or more subordinate themes.

a. rondo b. theme and variation c. ternary d. sonata allegro

14. All these songs are in strophic form, except for one. Which one is it?

a. Bahay Kubo c. Pamulinawen

b. Leron-Leron Sinta d. Sitsiritsit

15. What is the missing 3rd note in this diminished triad, when the root and 5 th are given:

a. D b. Db c. D# d. Dbb

16. What kind of triad is formed on the 3 rd note of a harmonic minor?

a. Major b. minor c. augmented d. diminished

17. A congregation of people singing in a worship service in unison is likely to

produce_______ texture.

a. monophony b. homophony c. polyphony d. heterophony

18. The gradual increase in volume.

a. crescendo b. diminuendo c. accelerando d. decrescendo

19. Which does not belong to the group?

a. Symphony No.5 in Cm (Beethoven)

b. Piano Concerto No. 7 (Tchaikovsky)
c. Moonlight Sonata (Beethoven)
d. Etude No.3 (Chopin)

20. The highest and lowest tones an instrument or voice is capable of playing/singing.

a. register b. pitch c. range d. direction

PART III – ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

1. The _______ fixes or assigns the second line of the staff as G.

a. Treble clef b. bass clef c. tenor clef d. alto clef

2. What is the key when the key signature is consisting of 5 sharps?

a. E min. b. F# min. c. G# min d. D# min.

3. The semitones in a major scale are found between the _______ notes.

a. 2nd and 3rd; 5th and 6th c. 4th and 5th; 7th and 8th
rd th th th
b. 3 and 4 ; 7 and 8 d. 2nd and 3rd; 7th and 8th
4. One section set to 2 or more stanzas is called ________.

a. Strophic b. binary c. rondo d. ternary

5. A single melodic line performed without any accompaniment is said to be _______.

a. Monophonic b. homophonic c. polyphonic d. heterophonic

6. A curved line indicating that all notes under it are to be played in a very connected and
smooth way.

a. Slur b. tie c. legato d. portato

7. A clef sign that fixes the 3rd line as middle C.

a. Bass clef b. soprano clef c. alto clef d. tenor clef

8. Chromatic signs that do not belong to the key signatures.

a. Accidental b. natural c. sharp d. flat

9. The third note of the scale is called ________.

a. Tonic b. supertonic c. mediant d. sub-mediant

10. __________________ is characterized as one melody performed by several groups with

slight melodic and/or rhythmic alterations.

a. Monophony b. homophony c. polyphony d. heterophony

11. The present day minor scale is the same as the ____________ mode.

a. Dorian b. Locrian c. Aeolian d. Ionian

12. Passage from one key or mode to another.

a. Modulation b. Tonality c. Transposition d. Progression

13. Notation or performance of a composition in a different key from the one in which it was
originally written.

a. Modulation b. Tonality c. Transposition d. Progression

14. Diminished 6th below A flat

a. C sharp b. B c. C flat d. D flat

15. The parallel major of G minor is ______.

a. E minor b. G major c. B flat major d. E flat minor

16. What is the relative minor key of F sharp major?

a. C sharp minor b. A minor c. D sharp minor d. E minor

17. A direction to perform the passage in a smooth and connected manner, with no break
between the tones.

a. Legato b. Staccato c. Portato d. Trill

18. A kind of form in which the theme is followed by a repetitions which focus on alterations
in each variation- in the rhythm, harmony, melody, texture and color of the theme.

a. Rondo c. Sonata- allegro form

b. theme and variation d. Scherzo

19. Melodic formulas that are used to decorate or embellish a melody.

a. Ornaments b. augmentationc. trill d. arpeggio

20. It is used to lower a note by a whole step

a. Flat b. double flat c. natural d. sharp