Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Pdfjoiner Rotated PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dasha Shareiko
    19 views15 pages

    Original Title

    pdfjoiner-rotated.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    19 views15 pages

    Pdfjoiner Rotated PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dasha Shareiko

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 15
    Unit 2 Communicating Across Cultures Section A Analytical Reading and Translation Comments 1. Answer the following questions: 1). What are the usual ways for people of different nationalities and cultures to communicate in the 21* century? How has this changed, in some ways. substantially, during your lifetime? >) What were the key languages of international communication throughout the history of the past few centuries and what are they today’? 3) When did translation appear in the history of mankind? Who were the first translators? When did translation become a profession? 4) Whatis the role ofa translator in international communication nowadays? '5) What does the expression “translating from culture to culture” actually (6) What isthe difference between an interpreter and a translator? What are the Ukrainian equivalents for these two words? 7), What are the accepted ethics of the behaviour for a translator? How could that clash with the translator's conscience or moral code? '8) What books (fiction and biographical) have you read about translators? ‘What films have you scen that feature translators in a key role? 2. Discuss the following quotations about communication on global and personal levels and their stylists. Make sure you can say in just a few words what these quotations are about, highlighting whether you agree with them or not 54 |A.One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heatt that you ‘can't utter. (James Earl Jones) B. The newest computer can merely compound, at speed, the oldest problem in the relations between human beings and in the end the communicator will be confronted with the old problem: of what to say and how to say it. (Edward R. Murrow) C.A world community ean exist only with world communication, which ‘means something more than extensive short-wave facilities scattered about the globe. Itmeans common understanding, a common tradition, common ideas, and common ideals. (Robert M. Hutchins) 'D. The more elaborate ourmeans of communication, theless we communicate (oseph Priestley) FF, Wise men talk beeause they have something to say: fools, because they have to say something. (Plato) F. T know that you believe you understand what you think T said, but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant. (Robert MeCloskey) ‘Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. (Rudyard Kipling) Jaw-jaw is better than war-war, (Winston Churchill) If | am to speak ten minutes, I need a week for preparation; if fifteen ‘minutes, three days; if half an hour, two days; ifan hour, Iam ready now. (Woodrow Wilson) 4. The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. (George Bernard Shaw) K. The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn’t being, said. (Peter Drucker) LI think perhaps the most important problem is that we are trying to under- stand the fundamental workings of the universe viaa language devised for telling one another where the best fruit is. (Terry Pratchett) G Transcribe the following words consulting a dictionary if necessary. Practice their pronunciation, Le Carre, Swahili, Panama, Budapest, Singapore, sacrosanct, scruples, in deference to, suave, zealot, wonky, chauffeured, Acholi, cantilever, mogul, mynah-bird, douse, homily, Blairite, slur, neuter, curdled, brogue, Amen, espionagl, fbre. 55 4. Look through the followit comments before reading the text of the unit. Comments: A healthy credit rating, Most Westem personal and business finance operates through eredit, whether credit cards or charge cards, Western ereditcands age liter- ally tha, as opposed to positive-balance debit cards issued in Ukraine and called “eredit cards”. The Western system demands that credit history and ere measures the practicality of giving credit to anyone who asks ~this i usually your ‘credit rating’, Jonumuena xpedumna icmopia. Pro bono. A legal trm that comes from Latin (lit for good) and means “designating professional work without charge for someone on alow income ofthe means fo Pa Beanramno, ds saoasnozo Grea -Mynab-bird. 4 bied from Southern Eastern Asia and India related to the starling (max) family, many of which can mimic human Voices. maunca matina, Hepen nepecateas Jackdaw memory. A set phrase based upon the nature of jackdaws (rama) and other similar birds, such as magpies(copoxa), which collect interesting objects. Here itis used to infer that trivia and minor information is stored inthe interpreter's memory. Hawg, yo ympusye eclei dpi6nuyh. Interpretership. The job of interpreter, especially in an official role. Tym: nocada nepersadava. Faux royale. A term invented by Le Carr inthis novel, from the French for“ royal’. Ibis used 10 describe the adoption of a derived, flse, upper-class accent Ihvimoeana apucmoxpamuena eunona ‘Chancery Lane. An area in London on the edge of the Cty of London, occupied _mostly bythe legal profession, consulting companies another profesional businesses, such as translation agencies. Tyme dizoe pasion, vacmuna JTondouesxoco Cin. Blairite wannabe-classless slur. Tho former Socialist Prime Minister of Britain, Tony Blair, has personal style that attempts to circumvent social class and typical indica {ors, such a accent. “Wannabe” isa tabloid newspaper word to imply mindless ambi- ‘ion, that came into mainstream English withthe “Spice Girls” song. Hepo26ipmune snoarewne Toni Etepa, sui nanacacmea yrusamukacoeux xapaxmepucmun y Mosk igh-Tory curdled cockney. In contrast to the contemporary Socialist tendency ‘o avoid socal class, extreme right-wing Conservatives (*High-Tories" offen af- fect working-class accents to appeal to mass voters, by pretending to be ordinary common folk rather than from rich and privileged backgrounds. The word ‘curdled” (conoxo, sto exsmino) strengthens the image by pointing out the frequent inaccuracy Ise of a Received Pronunciation speaker imitating an East London accent. Yoasant oxn npedemacnunexpaiix mass. 10, Acholi, The Nilotic language ofthe farming and pastoral people of Northem Uganda and Souther Sudan ‘5. Look through the following questions before your first reading ofthe following. extracts from John le Carre’s novel “The Mission Song”. Answer these questions afler you have read the text. |. Who is the principal character of this book? What image of him does the ‘author create in your mind in these excerpts? What fundamental topics are touched upon in the text? ‘What particular episodes from the principal hero's life are described inthe text? How do they relate to the genre of the novel? Can we tell by these short excerpts the genre of the novel on the whole? 5. What aspects ofa top translator's life are described in these excerpts? 6. Why do you think the translator's code of behaviour is given, even though subjectively, in the presentation of the principal character? Can we predict at this stage whether it will be observed by the hero? 7. Where do you think (if you haven’t read the book) will the events mostly take place? Why did the author choose that particular continent forhis story’? 6. Read the following brief biography of the author. What books by John le Carré have you read? Which were the most famous in this country? Then read the following extract from le Carré’s “The Mission Song" Text 1: Vm the Bridge by John le Carré John le Carré isthe pen name of David Cornwell (b. 1951). During the 1950s and the 1960s, Cornwell worked for MIS and MIG, when he began writing novels. His third work of fiction, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) was an intemational bestseller, and remains his best known work to date, Following, the novel's success, he left MI6 to become a full-time author, with The Constant Garener and The Tailor of Panama, best-sellers and successful Hollywood films in recent years. ‘After eatlier focusing on the genre of espionage novels, in recent years he has broadened his field to more general fiction and in 2008, The Times ranked le Carré number 22 on their list of “The S0 greatest British ‘writers since 1945”. ‘Of his 22 novels, 1S have been filmed by Hollywood and three are in production atthe time of writing, including The Mission Sons. My name is Bruno Salvador. My friends call me Salvo, so do my enemies. Contrary to what anybody may tell you, I am a citizen in good standing of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, and by profession a top interpreter of ‘Swahili and the lesser-known but widely spoken languages of the Eastern Congo, formerly under Belgian rule, hence my mastery of French, a further arrow in my professional quiver. lam a familiar face around the London law courts both civil ‘and criminal and in regular demand at conferences on Third-World matters; sce my lowing references from many of our nation’s finest corporate names. Due to my Special skills Ihave also been called upon to do my patriotic duty on a confidential basis by a government department whose existence is routinely denied. Ihave never been in trouble, I pay my taxes regularly, have a healthy credit rating and am the owner of a well-conducted bank account. Those are cast-iron facts that no amount ‘of bureaucratic manipulation can alter, however hard they try. Tn six years of honest labour in the world of commerce I have applied my services ~ be it by way of cautiously-phrased conference calls or discrete meetings in neutral cities on the European continent —to the creative adjustment of oil, old, diamond, mineral and other corumodity prices, not to mention the diversion of any millions of dollars from the prying eyes of the world’s shareholders into slush funds as far removed as Panama, Budapest and Singapore. Ask me whether, in facilitating these transactions [felt obliged to consult my conscience and you will receive the emphatic answer, “No”. The code of your top interpreter is sacrosanet. He is not hired to indulge his seruples. He is pledged to his employer in the same ‘manners a soldier is pledged tothe flag. In deference to the world’s unfortunates, however, itis also my practise to make myself available on a pro bono basis to London hospitals, prisons and the immigration authorities despite the Fact thatthe ‘remuneration in such cases is peanuts. Brother Michael knew my weak spots. He knew that child prodighes ~ for as such he saw me — must be restrained as well as nurtured. He knew I was diligent 58 shut headlong: too eager to give myself to anyone who was kind fo me, too fearful sr being rejected, ignored or worst ofall laughed a, too swift to embrace whatever vas offered me for fear I wouldn't get another chance. He treasured as much as J did my mynab-bird ear and jackdaw memory, but insisted I practise them as diligently as a musician his instrument, ora priest his faith. He knew that every language was precious to me, not only the heavyweights but the litle ones that ‘were condemned to die for want of written form: that the missionary’s son needed lo nun after these erring sheep and lead them back to the fold: that I heard legend, history, fable and poetry in them and the voice of my imagined mother regaling tne with spirittales. He knew that a young man who has his ears open to every human nuance and inflexion is the most suggestible, the most malleable, the most iimovent and easily misled. Salvo, he would say, take care. There are people out there whom God alone can love. Twas Michael also who, by foreing me down the hard road of discipline, tuned ny unusual talents into a versatile machine. Nothing ofhis Salvo should go waste he insisted, nothing be allowed to rust for want of use. Every muscle and fibre of ny divine gift must receive its daily workout in the gymnasium of the mind, fist by way of private tutors, afterwards at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, where I obtained First Class honours in African Language and Culture, Specialising in Swahili with French a given. And finally in Edinburgh where | vehieved the crowning glory: a Master of Science degree in Translation and Public Service Interpreting. Thus by the elose of my studies I boasted more diplomas and interpreterships than half the lyblown translation agencies hawking their grubby services up and down Chancery Lane. Never mistake, please, your mere translator for your top interpreter. An inter~ preter isa translator, true, But not the other way round. A translator can be anyone vrith half a language skill and a dictionary and a desk fo sit at while he burs the thidnight oil: pensioned-off Polish cavalry officers, underpaid overseas students, tninieab drivers, part-time waiters and supply teachers, and anyone else who is jrepared to sell his soul for seventy quid a thousand. He has nothing in common rah the simultancous interpreter sweating it out through six hours of complex tegotiations. Your top interpreter has to think as fast sa numbers boy ina coloured jacket buying financial futures. Better sometimes if he doesn't think at all, but tres the spinning eogs on both sides of his head to mesh together, then sits back ‘and waits to see What pours out of his mouth, People come up to me sometimes during conferences, usually at the teasy end ofthe day between close of business and the cocktail frenzy. “Hey, Salvo, settle an argument for us, will you? What's your mother tongue?” And if I consider they're being a bit uppity, which they usually are because they have by now convinced themselves they're the most important people on the planet, I'l turn the question round on them. “Depends who my mother was, doesn't it?” I reply, with this enigmatic smile I've got. And after that, they leave me with my book. But like them to wonder. It shows me that I've got my voice right. My English voice, I mean. It isn’t upper, middle or coach. It isn’t faux royale, neither it is the Received Pronunciation derided by the British left. Iti, if anything at all, aggressively ‘neuter, pitched at the extreme centre of Anglophone society. I's not the sort of English where people say, “Ah, that’s where he was dragged up, that’s who he’s trying to be, that’s who his parents were, poor chap, and that’s where he went to school”. It does not -unlike my French which, strive as I may, wil never totally rid itself ofits African bburde — betray my mixed origins. Is not regional, it's not your Blairite wannabe- ‘classless slur or your high-Tory curdled cockney or your Caribbean melody. And it hasn’t so much as a trace of the gone-away vowels of my dear late father’s Irish brogue. {loved his voice, and love it still, but it was his and never mine. No. My spoken English is blank, scrubbed clean and unbranded, except for an ‘occasional beauty spot: a deliberate sub-Saharan lilt, which I refer to sportingly as ‘my drop of milk in the coffee. [like it, clients like it It gives them the feeling I'm ‘comfortable with myself. I’m not in their camp but I'm not in the other fellow’s either. I'm stuck out there in mid-ocean and being what Brother Michael always said I should be: the bridge, Indispensable link between God's striving souls. Each rman has his vanity and mine is about being the one person in the room nobody can do without, And it was in this dungeon, after I had been summoned by confidential letter toa series of “test-interviews” conducted above ground by an enigmatic body calling itself the Linguistic Audit Commitee, that he had unveiled to me the full majesty of the Official Secrets Act plus its many threatened punishments, fist by reading mea hhomity which he must have delivered a hundred times already, then by presenting ‘me with a printed form with my name and place of birth electronically pre-entered, and addressing me over his reading spectacles while I signed it. jow you won't go getting big ideas, will you, son?” he said, in a tone which irresistibly recalled Brother Michael's. “You're a bright lad, the sharpest pencil in he box ifall they tell me is true. You'vea cluster of funny languages up your sleeve uid a Grade A professional reputation that no fine Service as this one can ignore.” | wasn't sure which fine service he was alluding to but he has already informed Ine that he was a Senior Servant of the Crown, and this should be sufficient for ‘ne. Neither did I ask him which of my languages he considered funny, althowgh 1 might have done if T hadn't been on such a cloud, because sometimes my respect for people fies out of the window of its own accord. That doesn’t make you the center of the universe, however, so Kindly don’t think it does, * he went on, sill on the subject of my qualifications. “You'll be PTA, that’s a Part-time Assistant, and you can’t get lower than that. You’re secret tut you're fringe, and fringe is what you'll remain unless you're offered tenure. im not saying some of the best shows aren’t fringe, because they are. Better plays in better actors in my wife Mary’s view. Do you understand what I'm telling you, Salvo? “L think so, sit: use “sit” too much and am aware of it, just as 1 said Meee too much when T \was child, But in the Sanctuary everyone who wasn't a Brother was a sir. “Then repeat to me what I've just told you, please, so that we ean both be clear in our minds”, he suggested, availing himself of a technique later employed by Hannah to break the bad news to Jean-Pierre. ‘That I shouldn't be carried away. I shouldn't get too ~* I was going to say ‘excited” but checked myself in time. “Enthusiastic” “['m telling you to douse that eager gleam in your eyes, son. Henceforth and for evermore. Because if I see it again, 'll worry about you. We're believers but We're not zealots. Your unusual talents aside, what we're offering you here is hhormal meat-and-potatocs drudgery, the same as you'd be doing for any client on any wet afternoon, except you're doing it with Queen and country in mind, which is what you and I both like. | assured him — while careful not to appear overenthusiastc —that love of country ranked high on my list of personal favourites. “There's a couple of other differences, I'll grant you”, he went on, contradicting, an objection I hadn't made. “One difference is, we'll not be giving you much in the way of a background briefing before you put on your headphones. You'll not know whos talking to who or where, or what they are talking about, or how we ‘came by it, Or nor if we ean help it, you won't, because that wouldn’t be secure, And if you do come up with any littic suppositions of your own, I advise you to keep them to yourself. That’s what you've signed up to, Salvo, that’s what secret means, and if we catch you breaking the rules you'll be out on your ear with a 61 black mark. And our black marks don’t wash out like other people’s”, he added with satisfaction, although T couldn't help wondering whether he was making an ‘unconscious allusion to my skin. “Do you want to tear up that piece of paper and forget you came here? — because this is your last chance.” Upon which I swallowed and said, “No, sir. I'm in — really,” with as much cool as [ could muster, and he shook my hand and welcomed me to what he was pleased to call the honourable company of sound-thieves. I will say at once that Mr, Anderson’s efforts to dampen my ardour were futile, ‘Crouching in a soundproof cubicle, one of forty in a secure underground bunker known as the Chat Room — with suave Barney our floor manager in his coloured. waistcoats watching over us from his cantilevered balcony ~ and he calls it meat and potatoes? Girls in jeans to fetch and carry tapes and transcriptions and, contrary tothe known rules of political correctness in the workplace, our cups of tea as well, while one minute I’m listening to a top-ranking Acholi-speaking member of the: Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda plotting by satellite phone to set up a base across the border in East Congo, and the next sweating it out in Dar-es-Salaam docks with the clatter of shipping in the background, and the eries of hawkers, and the in-out hhum of @ wonky table-fan that’s keeping away the flies, as a murderous bunch of Islamist sympathisers conspire to import an arsenal of anti-aircraft missiles in the guise of heavy machinery? And the very same afternoon being sole ear-witness to a trio of corrupt Rwandan army officers haggling with a Chinese delegation over the sale of plundered Congolese minerals? Or bumping through the honking traffie of Nairobi in the chauffeured limousine of a Kenyan political mogul as he wangles. himself a massive bribe for allowing an Indian building contractor to cover five hundred miles of new road with a single paper-thin surface of tarmac guaranteed. to last at least two rainy seasons? This isn’t meat and potatoes, Mr Anderson. This. is the holy of Holes! But didn’t let the gleam show, not even to Penelope. Ifonly you knew! I would think to myself, whenever she slapped me down in front of her bosom friend Paula, or went off for one of her weekend conferences that nobody else seemed to attend except her, and came back very quiet and content from all the conferring. she'd done. If only you knew that your stuck-in-the-rut, toy-boy husband was on the payroll of British Intelligence! But I never weakened. Forget instant gratifieation. I was doing my duty for England, | need sound. I don’t like the accusing voices that are starting to raise them- clves inside my head, Hannah's foremost. I'm not here to be criticised. I did iy best for my employers. What was I supposed to do? Pretend I hadn't heard Haj say what he said? Keep it to myself? I’m here to do a job and be paid for it. Cash. Even if it’s a pittance compared with what they're paying Jasper. I'm an interpreter. They talk, I render. [don’t stop rendering people when they say wrong, things. [don’t eensor, eit, revise or invent, not the way certain of my colleagues dio. [give it straight. IfI didn’t, I wouldn’t be Mr Anderson's favourite son. 1 \wouldn’t be a genius in my field. Legal or commercial, civil or military: I render everybody equally and impartially, regardless of colour, race and creed. I'm the bridge, Amen and out. 7. Analyze and learn the following vocabulary notes. Then go through the text ugain and give the Ukrainian equivalents for the highlighted words. Vocabulary Notes 1. Be in good standing, To stand well, to be in favour (with) ~ 3 rapuo10 penyranito, Standing, n 1) an office or position of importance, grade or rank in society, reputation, status ~ penyrani, nara, crarye, nooxemuaw cyertscrai. e.g. He was ‘concerned about his standing in European politics. ‘Comb: & person of high standing ~ nucoxonocrasstewa ocoGa, to have no standing — 6yrit wenepexori5i0 2) length of service, experience, residence, position as determined by seniority in membership — crax, ocBit, nonoxeuuA. e.g. They came to the king in order from the youngest in standing to the oldest. 3) the state or fact of having existed for a specified period of time ~ punaniets. e.g. of old standing/of ancient standing ~ 1 1s penryraniewo, 2. Diversion, 1) analtemative route, especially one to be taken when the road is temporarily closed — o6xia, nixsenenus. e.g. Very Soon we saw the diversion signs and had to change our planned route. 2) the aeton of tuning aside from an expected orusal couse, Purpose binxin, niounenns,niswonixanr eg The whole affair was a wasteful diversion of esoures from domeste priorities 3) nowrarlyused:a mental distraction, often a pleasant one, an amusemen a pastime —sizveprana yar, posnaa,.Iturned ot that the seaside resort had limited diversions 4) military jargon: a maneuver to distract somebody else's attention = yaaa arara, eg, The decision was made in favourof the most power diversions which may be practicable on these coasts 3. Pry. Inquire closely into somebody's private afar, search, investigate constr noca n iyi expan, tnacxyaar, susan, eI don't mean f pe bout how did that lead to mariage? Prying, adj. Inquisitive, often impertinent ~ nixon sano ose ne w eso enpas ash funds. Originally nautical slang to mean “money collected fom the sale ofshish, i.e. the ft, grease, obtained from boiling mea, to buy axes for the erew": Now a colloquial term to mean a reserve fund, especially one used for purposes of bribery or illicit political activities. Bp rpous 5. Saerosanet, a. Exempt from eitcism, secured from violation by religious or popular sanction ~cenuuen,neaoropratul eg. People’s houses ae private and sacrosanct 6. Serupl, nA feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard tothe morality ox propriety of a course of ation, a fine point of conscience cyan, nara Phrases osaake no seruple (aout, in lng) — poGHT mock Oca sara aman of no serupes nepesGipansn y sacar nee ma 7 In deference to, Out of respect for authority or the wishes of some person Deference, 1) submission to, or compliance wit, acknowledged superior ski, judgmenl orher qualities of nother examin, rasybamin, nox, € Joshua often adopted a strange deference to minds inferior to his own, 2) courteous resard, disposition to yield to claims of another ~ nomata, ‘ona, Gnaroroviw eg. Their age and learning entitle them toa lt of deference 8. Prodigy, n. A person endowed with some exceptional quality or abil ity -oGnaponana soa, aynepxina (apo zrtmy)- e.g. Charlies a computer prodigy. |, aomrransai 9. Nurture, 1) feed, support, and bring up to maturity, rear— rosysary, axunuTH, supoutysaru. ¢.g. Most of our trees were planted and carefully nurtured 2), foster, cherish —puomysaTn, naexaTw. e.g. The politician began to nurture a secret affection for Scottish nationalism. 3) ‘train, educate — nuxonynarn, nanvarn. e.g, Persons nurtured in office do admirably well as long as events proceed in an expected direction. Headlong, adj 1) rushing forward without restraint, impetuous ~ eoGasuuit, wecrpunexnil, 6ypxmmenii. e.g. When the doors of the department store opened and the January Sale started, there was a headlong stampede. 2) plunging downwards head foremost — rol, mo nauiae Go KuaaerEen rooBo10 snepes, erpiaranon. e.g. As the engines failed, the plane made headlong dive into the deep Atlantic. - Regale, » 1) entertain a person with lavish food or drink, provide with a feast ‘wacrypamu, e.g. The food that is thought to have regaled ancient Romans the most is thought to be larks’ tongues in aspic. 2) please or delight @ person, entertain, amuse muaysaru, poxpaxxari, rium. e.g. She went on to regale us with anecdotes. 12, Suggestible, adj. Able to be influenced by (hypnotic or otherwis tion, easily swayed ~ Taxa, wo mizviacrBes mnuiHpoBi, Moe 10 ugges- TH HaiHM. ©. Although she was very level-headed, she became a hypochondriac and was very estible to any fears from real or imagined symptoms 13. Myblown, ac, Covered in specks of fly-Facces (literally), oF (metaphor cally) tainted, impure, corrupt — sa6pyauewni, sinconamui. eg. Although we hadn't visited in years, all she welcomed us with was fly-blown stale cake and instant coffee 14. Cog, n 1) aprojection on the edge of a wheel ~syGeus (kone), eg. The car's gearbox began to make unpleasant ert cogs onthe gears became worn 2) an unimportant member of a large organisation ~ api6ua crams exauismy, s1piGuora, nexonanxs. e.8. They were merely small cogs on the giant wheel of the company. 15, Teasy, adj, dial, collog. Bad-tempered, irritable, techy, initating, teasing, Anextremely rare dialectic word from West Comwvall, where le Carre has lived for the past forty years. JIpariaamsut mn (uteerepai, hing noises as the 2) theaction or fact of holding anything, the possession ofa position, power or office — nooainmia, nepeGynanas Ha nica c.g, Brook's tenure of ‘command at Stanmore lasted only thirteen months. 3) guaranteed permanent employment in a job (especially as a lecturer or 1 teacher) after a probationary period~ rapastonane mepeGypannx a nnocaai, repwtint nepedynasnis a nica. e.g. The tenure system simply allows dead wood to remain in the university Comb: leasehold tenure ~ nosionin sation wa ripanax oper 22, Douse, 1) plunge vigorously into water or other liquid, immerse in —sauypiosarues, opus (y sosty). e.g. When we were children we used to douse our heads in the freezing-cold mountain stream. wet thoroughly with a liquid, drench ~ smowysamu, sanmparn. e.g. The pyre was doused in fuel and lit. 3) put out, extinguish (a light, fire), fi. suppress (a feeling), put an end to ‘an activity —racirru, ryunerH, nep. npHlyimysatn. e.g. The boy was told to douse his cigarette. His spirits, never easy to douse, were sustained by his winnings at blackjack, 23, Zealot, n. Apperson who is carried away by excess of eal, a fanatical enthu- ist anarwanii npixsexbannK, far, e.g. Dedicated, he became a zealot in his \Jotermination to record the rock art of Texas. 24, Drudgery, n. Heavy, unpleasant work, wearisome toil or task. Tonka, mya posora. eg If translation on a computer is just drudgery, perhaps you're in the \wrong job. 25. Thow out on your ear, An idiomatic phrase to mean ignominiously". Burman rasns6or. 26, Suave, ad}. Blandly or superficially polite, smooth, sophisticated. Boisuumnutt, hhourrnanii, went, ynecmmpii, e.g. He had a soft, purring voice that was a shade better than suave. 27, Cantilever, n. A long, projecting bracket supporting a balcony, comice, ete Koncomb, xpoumeiit ‘Comb.: cantilevered balcony ~ xoniconsiti Gaon. 28, Hawker, n. A person who travels around selling goods, especially with a horse and cart, or a van. Posttoutnk, ayzmannit Toproseus. e.g. He put a sign at the end ‘of his garden which read ‘No Tradesmen or Hawkers". Hawk, v. Carry around from place to place and offer for sale ~ roprysari, postioeas ToRapi, nepen, nportontyRatn evot nocayri aGo ToBAp cxpisb, Ae Moasmno, ¢.2, He hawked his idea around England, France and Portugal. 16. Uppity, adj, collog. Above yourself socially, self-important, argumentative n a social context. A commonly-used colloquial word that many now regard as ‘mainstream English. Yrawausni, Gyiouonmn, muxarail, syxnanuii e.g. When faced ‘with what they saw as discrimination, they became very uppity 17. Lilt, n. The rhythmical cadence or swing of a tune or of verse, a characteristic inflection or rhythm in a voice. Cninysicrs, mysnkamuuicrs, pir (nic, puta. eg. Welsh accents have a characteristic lilt that is almost musical 18. Brogue, n. A strongly-marked dialectal accent, most often associated with the Irish accent (but not with the much harsher Northern Irish accent). Cro ‘ocoBino ipmanizebxnil axwert, e.g. His Dublin brogue was almost hypnotic as he described his childhood. 19. Homily,» 1) a religious discourse or sermon ~ npotiosias. c.g. Many children sat through what seemed to be endless homilies if their parents made them ‘go to Sunday School (church-organised bible lessons). 2) a tedious, moralizing discourse or lecture ~ nowsana, worania. €-8. AS a bottle of wine was brought out, he treated me to a short homily on the reasons for his choice, 20, Fringe, 1) an omamental bordering of threads left loose ~Gaxponta, Topo%KM, TACHA. ‘eg, The sofa fabric had an ornamental fringe around the lower cushions, 2) anything resembling this, a border or edging, especially that is broken oF serrated — o6niaKa, Kpaii, rpat, nepew. Tackata. e.g, A fringe of cedars rew along the edge of the cavern. 3) @ portion of front hair cut to hang over the forehead — uyfuine. eg. He decided to change his hairstyle by sweeping back his fringe. 4) an outer edge oF margin, an outer limit of an area, sphere of activities nnepmepix, sinianena o6sact, e.g. He was left stuck out on the fringe of things. The Inn stood on the fringe of the wood. ‘aperipheral or secondary group, especially an unofficial or unconventional fone —Jonosixtia rpyna, nepiipepiia rpyna, wacto Ta, mo aie Ha Mem saxontocti, There isa fringe who bomb places. Comb: the tight-wing fringe ~ xpaiiui upasi the lunatic fringe ~ exc ‘rpesticrs, dbanarakn, operating on the fringes of the law ~ri, mo stor ha mexxi saxony, on the fringes of society ~ a nepmpepii eyerinseTsa 21. Tenure, 1) aholding of land —sestnenosostins, iem. new... The family was granted tenure of their farm by the landowners be dismissed 5 07 29, Wonky, aaj, collog, Shaky, loose, unstable, unreliable. Xara, xneretl eeritxni (npo peri), wersepunti (a worax nicas xBopo6w ToM0)..g. She became increasingly irritated by the wonky table leg of the table in the restaurant ‘30. Ear-witness, n. A person present at an event and able to provide information bout it from personal observation and whose testimony is based on his or her own hearing. Much more commonly used is eye-witness, but asthe book is about an interpreter who uses words, this term is used for stylistic emphasis. Coiox. ‘31, Mogul, collog., n. An important or influential person, a powerful autocrat: ‘Bascona nepoota, sara, onirapx. e.g. Industry moguls collaborated in a price= fixing cartel. "32. Wangle,collog.,»: Obtain (something) in an iregular way by scheming, ett use insidious, indirect means to accomplish a purpose. Jlowormics, simpoctTit postodyra, xurpouasm susizars. e.g. A friend in Head Office wangled him a job, Gordon, an ordinary police constable, was trying to wangle himself into the CID. "33. Slap down, collog.. phrase. Reprimand, often unfairly, often in a vindictive manner. Bustrynari, aopixa. c.g. He could not resis slapping her down during the meeting when the Chief Executive Officer was present. ‘34. Gratification, 1. The state of being gratified, enjoyment, satisfaction, an jnstance or source of such pleasure of gratification, 3aoBosiemis, Yrixa, HaCOnOE tea. He obtains gratification from having a number of students who always tum tohim, ‘Comb: instant geatfication ~ wurrrese saionosentis, to express gratifica tion anexounosarn saxopoaei, deep/profound gratification ~ raMtGoxe £8 Read the following text for the second time and say whether following state= iments are true or false, based on the text. In those instances when the statements are false, give the correct options. 1 Brano Salvador’s native languages are English, Swahili and a whole bunch, of other minor languages of the Eastern Congo. 2, The main characteris a citizen in good standing ofthe United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. 3. Bruno Salvadors services were used by British Intelligence where discretion is required. 4. The code ‘ofa top interpreter is always to listen to your conscience. 5. Pro bono legal services are given to big corporate clients and are highly lucrative. 6. Brother Michael played an important rote in the upbringing of his younger brother and making & {rood professional of him. 7. To Bruno Salvador only the heavyweight languages ‘vere important. 8. The main character obtained a Master of Science degree in ‘ranslation and Public Service Interpreting in Edinburgh. 9. In spite of all of his 68 sstery of foreign languages, Bruno could not compete with translation agencies in ‘Chancery Lane. 10. Top interpreter and mere translator are very similar jobs done husically by the same people. 11. When asked by his clients what his mother tongue |. Bruno always gives a detailed answer. 12. Bruno's English is blank, serubbed Jean and unbranded on the whole. 13. Bruno Salvador isnota vain person. 14. The ienior Officer of the Crown advised Bruno of the secreey of his job for British Intelligence and threatened him with serious problems in his further professional lite if he disclosed secret information learned in the line of duty. 15. Translators working for British Intelligence were usually given a lot of background informa tion before translating. 16. Bruno was told that translators working for British Intelligence should not be over-enthusiastc in their job. 17. Working in the Chat Room, Bruno realised that his job was mere meat-and-potatoes drudgery. 18.Aflet hueinz hired, Bruno immediately gratified himself by telling his wife Penelope that hhe was on the payroll of British Intelligence. 19. Bruno does not stop rendering, people's ideas when they say wrong things. 20. Interpreters are the bridge between ‘Go's striving souls. 9, Give a short summary of the above excerpts and present it in class. 10. Define the speech register and the style of the text, bearing in mind its genre Consider the following points: \. Formal/nformal speech register, written/oral form, B, The prevailing tone of the text, choosing from: a, academic/journalistic/fiction. b. objective/subjective. c. emotional/neutral 4. serious/ironic. 11, Define the prevailing type of narration in the given extracts. Support your point of view with examples. Consider the role of pronouns and the language specifics of the main character. 12. Analyse the grammar of the text in terms ofthe style based on the following points ‘= ‘The use of the first person singular. + Repetitions and parallel constructions. The use of the imperative mood, ‘= ‘The use of direct and reported speech. 09 * Correctness and completion of the sentence structure. = The mixture of long and short sentences, parenthetic sentences, ‘Rhetorical and emphatic sentences. 13, Analyse the vocabulary of the text using the following points: = The breadth of the vocabulary. = The mixture of colloquial, slang and formal words and expressions. ‘The use of professional terminology/jargon and foreign words. = The use of idioms, 14. Comment on the stylistic devices and figures of speech used in the text Consider the use of metaphors, epithets, similes etc. in the sentences given below. ‘and in other instances. ‘What purpose do they serve? Which of them are trite and which are fresh? 1. Lam ... by profession a top interpreter of Swahili and the lesser-known but widely spoken languages of the Eastern Congo, formerly under Belgian rule, hence my mastery of French, a further arrow in my professional quiver. 2. Tama familiar face around the London law courts both civil and eriminal and. in regular demand at conferences on Third-World matters, sce my glowing. references from many of our nation’s finest corporate names, 3. [pay my taxes regularly, have a healthy credit rating. 4, Those ate cast-iron facts that no amount of bureaucra alter, however hard they try. 5. ...The prying eyes of the world’s shareholders. 6. Slush funds as far removed as Panama, Budapest and Singapore. 7. He is not hired to indulge his scruples. He is pledged to his employer in the same manner as a soldier is pledged. to the flag, 9... The remuneration in such cases is peanuts. 10. He treasured as much as I did my mynab-bird ear and jackdaw memory, but insisted I practise them as diligently as a musician his instrument, oF a priest his faith. 11. He knew that every language was precious to me, not only the heavyweights but the litle ones that were condemned to die for want of written form: that the missionary’s son needed to run after these erring sheep and lead them back to the fold. It was Michael also who, by forcing me down the hard road of discipline, ‘manipulation can Aylistic specifies may pres points, tumed my unusual talents into a versatile machine. Nothing of his Salvo should go to waste, he insisted, nothing be allowed to rust for want of use. Every muscle and fibre of my divine gift must receive its daily workout in the gymnasium of the mind. 13. [boasted more diplomas and interpreterships than half the flyblown transla- tion agencies hawking their grubby services up and down Chancery Lane. 4. Better sometimes if he doesn’t think at all, bt orders the spinning cogs on both sides of his head to mesh together, then sits back and waits to see what pours out of his mouth. 15. My spoken English is blank, scrubbed clean and unbranded, exeept for an ‘occasional beauty spot: a deliberate sub-Saharan lilt, which I refer to sport- ingly as my drop of milk in the coffee. Jo. Pm stuck out there in mid-ocean and being what Brother Michael always. said I should be: the bridge, Indispensable link between God's striving souls, 17. “You'rea bright lad, the sharpest pencil in the box ifall they tell me is true. 1s. Neither did [ask him which of my languages he considered funny, although {might have done if I hadn't been on such a cloud, because sometimes my respect for people flies out of the window of its own accord. 19, “'m telling you to douse that eager gleam in your eyes, son.” 10. “Your unusual talents aside, what we're offering you here is normal meat and-potatoes drudgery, D1. *.., And if we catch you breaking the rules you'll be out on your ear with ‘black mark. And our black marks don’t wash out like other people's 2, “... a murderous bunch of Islamist sympathisers. After you have analysed the extracts from the text, make your conclusions as lo what lexical and grammatical stylistic devices and figures of speech prevail th 15, Translate the text into elegant Ukrainian, Which of the discussed above difficulties in translation? Consider the following * The breadth of the vocabulary. + The constant switch between formal and informal speech. ‘The use of professional terminology and colloquialisms. = ‘The use of words in figurative meanings. + French and Latin words inserted in the text. VOCABULARY PRACTICE 16, Match the idioms in the left-hand column as they were used in the text to their synonyms in the right-hand column. 1) To douse the gleam in their eyes, 2) To be getting big ideas 3) Stuck-in-the-rut husband 4) Slush funds 1) Having a good reputation ») To reprimand with negative criticism ©) Routine, boring work 4d) To be made the focus of attention ¢) To make someone much less enthu- siastic $5) In good standing 4) To not soften cor macy ) To be abruptly dismissed 1h) To imagine yourself being important i) To have a hidden or secret advantage 6) To force somebody down the road, ments with diplo- 7) To indulge your scruples 8) To slap somebody down 9) To be pledged 10) To hawk services L1) To be pitched in the centre of society 12) To get rid of the burden 4) To be well known, k) Money allocated for bribery 1) To guide somebody with a lot of persuasion 'm) To offer services wherever possible 1) To remove all traces, characteristics 13) To be a familiar face 14) To give it straight 15) Meat-and:-potatoes drudgery 16) To be out on your ear 17) To have up your sk (0) Boring and unimaginative husband p) To listen proudly to your conscience 4@) To be bound by oath 17. Translate the following words and expressions, as they were used inthe text A citizen in good standing, a top interpreter, my mastery of French, to miliar face, our nation’s finest corporate names, to do my patriotic duty, to have @ healthy credit rating, a creative adjustment of prices, the diversion of millions of dollars from the prying eyes of the word's shareholders into removed slush funds, to indulge his seruples, to be pledged tothe flag, in deference to the world’s unfor~ tunates, to be available on a pro bono basis, a child prodigy, to embrace whatever is 72 oiered, a heavyweight Ianguage, wan of written frm, to lead the erring sheep back the fold to foree somebody down the hard road of dseipline, a daily workout in the uymnasium ofthe mind, to specialise in Swahili with French a given, lyblown ‘runslation agencies hawking their services, supply teachers, the simultaneous crete sweating tout through six hours of complex negotiations, a numbers boy To stl an argument, o be pitched at the centre ofthe Anglophone society, 0 «id set ofits African burden, to betray my mixed origins, Blarite wannabe- lisless slut, high-Tory curdled cockney, Caribbean melody, scrubbed clean vn! unbranded, an occasional beauty spot, a deliberate lilt to refer sporting. tulspensabe link between God’ striving souls, to unveil the full majesty of the Ditical Secrets Act, to read a homily, 1 be getting big ideas, to have up your |cove, a Senior Servant ofthe Crown, o be fringe, to be offered tenure, to aval himself ofa technique, to break the news, to douse that eager gleam in your eyes, henceforth and forevermore, meat-and-potatoes drudgery o be secure, to be out th your eat with a black mark, to dampen my ardour, a soundproof cubicle, inthe duive of heavy machinery, to wangle himself a massive bribe, to slap somebody town infront of, stuck-in-the-at, toy-boy husband, to be onthe payroll, instant ratification, to give it straight, Amen and out, 18, Replace the italicised words with theie synonyms from the text and vocabu- lary notes. Slush Funds 1A. The Government official were paid special fes for “consultancy services” from rN th corporation's special budget for general dishursement.2. He was a wunderkind © sen team to playing the piano/3, She made time each week fo give consultation Jrnjice Aer many years without a promotion, she felt herself to be immobile in fn eee ten te pom cats tolog wee wou r her wanted to tll her daughter off unfairly in front of her boyfriend, J: After an ynisual privatization ofthe factories, he became an olin the sugar industry. She tied to manipulate the situation into one that would gether the job. 9¢He ent mich ofthe summer phoning pops ing gl the francs serves his company. J She tried to put on a sophisticalfd Sf during the dinner party. au, rte eosin vaso me dno IRAASG Him, 32-You can find Sfnatics in most sectors of society. £5, She jumped up and threw her glass of water ‘over the flames to try to e#fingfuish the blaze. 44: As he progressed through academia, J inal received long-term 45h. 5, He felt that he looked younger with hi {Guu hanging over his forehead. ¥ He was required to deliver a trite present ithe Institutes Open Day. H¥. The most noticeable thing about her was the melody ther Welsh accent. 18. The stewards atthe football match became nervous as some Ue 73 Ne wt \ ethics. 75. Watching the fotball during the time of the World Cup was Sacred of the supporters began to get, er 15, The antique watch had stopped working because a hair had jammed one of te diate wheels of the mechanism: 2erThe deserted shop nl ag gape fis ged posters left in the window, iy during the opening ofthe new office building. ‘er Theambsendor was 2 nab sod lH inthe nary mob 24 tious mente aaa eanisk Nationalist Paty, he began to secretly develo thi’ erish a pide in weer pvt 24 She waned ring he ofc win ea ie 26 He could feel the sia icngayes ‘appeat to bore into his back, 27: The rejection Hae son the publisher drafted his ambition to become an author 28, Many Arts tetra have essociaed peripheral activities and events. 2, Her ambition did not Tot her feel at all comfortable being just an unimportant meme of the corporation. AaddMecnjyed watching the ses rear tr youn you dc, 1919, Insert words and phrases from the given list using Ukrainian words in brackets as prompts. To stand, 10 make a stand, to be in good standing with, stand-up comedian, standstill, standpoint, to standout, stand-out (adj), a Mexican stand-off, stand ip. standoffsh, standee, stand-by list, 0 take a stand against, t0 take the stand, stand on your principles, newsstand, stand (n), music stand, to stand for, hard-standing (n),it stands to reason, to stand down. 1. Atthe airport, while waiting forhis plane, he spent half an hour looking at the magazines on the (ctoiixa). 2. There was a (aaptox) by the entrance tothe railway ‘Nation. 3. After the seventh beer, she could hardly (crosva). 4. The band arrived fora week's (icue racrponbiutx suictynis) at the pub venue. 5. The Trade Union (uerynaru upors) the redundancies. 6. They puta simple hard (ioxpirrs) infront Of their garage as they couldn't afford the cobblestones they wanted. 7. She had a high credit-score and was (sari rapay penyranivo) her bank. 8. The (rysopuen stent suctynae 9i cies) came on after midnight. 9. The train managed to come ‘almost toa (nossa synsika) before hitting the lorry on the tracks. 10, Traffic was at ‘a Coymxa) onthe flyover, 11. From the (rosxa 20py) of life, entropy isthe strangest law of physics, 12. Itwas eighty five metres to the column from our (noavatis). 13. I those jeans, she could (auissraca) in a crowd. 14. The (Gnutxyswit) performance lat the concert was by the Swedish R&B band. 15. After the protracted battle, there ‘was (rayxnii yr) and no clear result, 16. He couldn't (suocia) her (ropaosurrti) runner, 17, Americans have (cromunii nacancp) places on buses while the British have (wicns aia crosus) places. 18, Since the plane was overbooked, he had! 74 o wo on a (ancr osixysauns) while hoping to board. 19. The lifeboat was (Gyr 1 epi as the seriou storm approached, 20, He finally was so angry he decided ret operky nose) the building of the new motorway. 21. The judge told 22. Despite all the persuasive arguments, he to her to (aaiinrra aeiene ewika w ey) insisted on (sitetor0saTu enoi mpm). 23. Wn! progress. 24. There was a terrible crash as his (monirp) came crashing down, +20. Using a dictionary of idioms, match idioms with “eat” to their synonymic |) To not believe your ears 2) To get the ear of. 3) To be all ears 4) Musie to the ears 5) In one ear and out the other (6) To be easy on the ear 7) Close your ears, 8) Have by the ears 9) To give an ear to 10) To be up to your ears in 1) Wet behind the ears 12) To get an earful 13) To have an ear for languages 14) Dry behind the eats (rare) 15) To assault the ear And if you think that’s not enough, here are a few more. 1) Cloth ears 2) Your ears must be burning 3) To fall on deaf ears 4) Get your ears pinned back! 5) To give a thick ear “This Party (aucrymarit 3a) reform 1) To be very attentive ) To refuse to listen «) To be very surprised by news 4) Experienced @) Immature, inexperienced {) To have a talent for new languages ) To get the attention of. ‘b) To agree to listen i) To obtain or get a secure hold on. j) Tobe angrily told off ) Unable to pay attention 1) To state your views forcibly mTo have the effect of relaxing music 1n) Long-awaited or just very good news (0) To be heavily involved 1) To be ignored 2) To scour all news and gossip 3) (of an) inattentive person 4) Someone may be listening! 5) To quietly correct someone's behaviour 75 16) To have a word in someone’s ear 6) To severely scold someone 7) To have an ear tothe ground __7)Someone was talking behind your back 8) To play by ear 8) To improvise 9) Walls have ears! 9) Pay attention! 10) To lend an ear 10) To reverse a situation 11) To tum a John le Carré deaf ear 11) To become suddenly interested in something 12) To turn on its ear 12) To agree to listen to 13) To prick up your ears 13) To ignore a situation 221. Continue the following rows of synonyms and give Ukrainian matching rows. Prying, inquisitive... Nurture, cherish Headlong, unrestrained. Regale, please, amuse. Suggestible, malleable... Flyblown, tainted, Uppity, arrogant... Fringe, margin, periphery. Douse, dampen, Suave, polite, smooth, Wonky, shaky. ‘Mogul, autocrat Pledge, vow. 22, Give antonyms from the text and vocabulary notes for the following: ‘a very decent person, to have a poor reputation, without regard to somebody, 1 person of no talents, a restrained behaviour, a steadfast person, to fgnite fire am extraordinary task or work, boorish, stable, to praise somebody, mainstream, 23. Fill in the correct prepositions in the following phrases and expressions: Indeference ..., to be suggestible .., to read a homily ... the issue of, to operate the fringes ofthe law, a tenure ... command, to douse your head ... water, to Be your ear, to hawk your ideas... the country, to wangle yourself .. a highet position, to slap somebody ..., contrary ... the fact, to be ... good standing, to be ithe rate of, to be the familiar face ... London, to be called... to do your duty, 76 vo apply your services... the adjustment .. prices, to divert something.» 06° thi tobe pledged... your employer, odie .want of written Form, to reese vitals, to force somebody .. the road of discipline to mistake someouy ‘somebody, to be thmebody, to pour ... ... your mouth, to turn the question aoe vemebody, to be stuck .. there in the mid-ovean, fo have a chister of Nhawwages your sleeve, wo avail yourself .. «technique, rank high the Ost ae aaaeeed a mupposition, o get. a base. the border, to sweat. in the

    You might also like