Roll No.

: Division: Batch:
Experiment No. 01
Study of Hardware required for wireless communication and
Network
Theory:

1. ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or
a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of
instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Specifications of Microcontroller: ATmega328P

 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Inout Voltage (limit): 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
 DC current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
 LED_BUILTIN: 13
 Length: 68.6 mm
 Width: 58.4 mm
 Weight: 25 g

2.ASUS TINKER BOARD:

The ASUS Tinker Board is a single board computer launched by ASUS in early 2017. Its
physical size and GPIO pinout are designed to be compatible with the second-generation and
later Raspberry Pi models. The first released board features 4K video, 2GB of onboard RAM,
gigabit Ethernet and a Rockchip RK3288 processor running at 1.8 GHz.Furthermore
TinkerOS has been carefully designed to be extremely lightweight and responsive. Running
on top of the base Debian 9 is a the LXDE desktop environment. This GUI is optimised
specifically for SBC boards. It also features plug & play NTFS support allowing for easy access
to Windows based flash drives and external hard drives. The included web browser has also
been carefully selected and optimised. It based on Chromium allowing for speed and stability
along with a number of extensions. The ASUS team has help to enable hardware acceleration
of the browser allowing for improved web rendering and video playback including HD
resolutions in YouTube.

3. RASPBERRYPI:
The Raspberry Pi launched in 2012, and there have been several iterations and variations
released since then. The original Pi had a single-core 700MHz CPU and just 256MB RAM,
and the latest model has a quad-core 1.4GHz CPU with 1GB RAM. All over the world, people
use Raspberry Pis to learn programming skills, build hardware projects, do home
automation, and even use them in industrial applications.The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap
computer that runs Linux, but it also provides a set of GPIO (general purpose input/output)
pins that allow you to control electronic components for physical computing and explore
the Internet of Things (IoT).

4. INTEL EDISION: Intel Edison

It is a computer-on-module that was offered by Intel as a development system for wearable
devices[ and Internet of Things devices. The system was initially announced to be the same
size and shape as an SD card and containing a dual-core Intel Quark x86[3] CPU at 400 MHz
communicating via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. A later announcement changed the CPU to a 500
MHz Silvermont dual-core Intel Atom CPU,[6] and in September 2014 a second version of
Edison was shown at IDF, which was bigger and thicker than a standard SD card. The Intel®
Edison module is a SoC (System on Chip) that includes an Intel® Atom™ 500MHz dual-core,
dual-threaded CPU and an Intel® Quark™ 100MHz microcontroller.

Key features:

 Integrated Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0 LE;

 Support for Yocto Linux, Python, Node.js and Wolfram

5. PARTICLE PHOTON

 Particle photon is a complete IoT (Internet of Things) hardware development kit, it

provides everything that we need to build a connected product.
 It has powerful 120Mhz ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller with a Broadcom Wi-Fi
chip in a tiny thumbnail-sized module.
 Particle provides access to a free cloud service of the particle cloud. The Particle
Cloud has some great features for building connected projects, including over-the-
air firmware updates, an easy-to-use REST API, and firmware development
supported by Web and local IDEs.
 Features of Particle Photon:

 Processor: STM32F205 120Mhz ARM Cortex M3

 Memory: 1MB flash, 128KB RAM
 On-board RGB status LED.
 18 Mixed-signal GPIO and advanced peripherals
 Open source design
 Real-time operating system (Free RTOS)
 Soft AP setup
 On-board Wi-Fi module
 Broadcom BCM43362 Wi-Fi chip
 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi
6. CUBIE BOARD
Cubieboard is a single-board computer, made in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. The first short
run of prototype boards were sold internationally in September 2012, and the production
version started to be sold in October 2012. It can run Android 4 ICS, Ubuntu
12.04 desktop, Fedora 19 ARM Remix[3] desktop, Armbian, Arch Linux ARM, a Debian-based
Cubian distribution, or OpenBSD.
It uses the AllWinner A10 SoC, popular on cheap tablets, phones and media PCs. This SoC is
used by developers of the lima driver, an open-source driver for the ARM Mali GPU.[7] At the
2013 FOSDEM demo it ran ioquake 3 at 47 fps in 1024×600.

Graphics: Mali-400 MP
CPU: Cortex-A8 @ 1 GHz CPU
Memory: 512 MiB (beta) or 1GiB (final) DDR3
Release date: October 2012; 7 years ago
Operating system: Android 4 ICS, Ubuntu 12.04 desktop, Fedora 19 ARM Remix
desktop, Archlinux ARM, or OpenBSD
Storage: 4 GB NAND flash built-in, 1x microSD slot

7. Banana pi bpi m3:

Banana Pi M3 is a super charged single board computer with an Octa-core processor and
2GB of RAM. Along side the elite processing unit, it features Gigabit Ethernet, 2 USB, SATA,
WiFi, Bluetooth, and HDMI connection. It can run on a variety of operating systems including
Android, Lubuntu, Ubuntu, Debian, and Raspbian.Being a brother of the power hungry M2,
the M3 does not want to rest while his brother goes to acquire two more cores. The M3
secretly mastered the powerful art of Octa-core to best even the M2. Unlike his careless
brother, the M3 did not lose his SATA port.
Banana Pi is an open platform device, it is for anyone who wants to play and build with
developer technology instead of simply using consumer technology. Backed by our
community, starting a project and building servers is fun and rewarding. We welcome all
companies, DIYers, and tech loving people within our community! Together, we can make a
difference, we can discover our passions, inspire others, and build a practical project.
Banana Pi M3 Specifications:
CPU A83T ARM Cortex-A7 octa-core,512 KB L1 cache 1 MB L2 cache
GPU PowerVR SGX544MP1· Comply with OpenGL ES 2.0, OpenCL 1.x, DX 9_3
Memory 2GB LPDDR3 (shared with GPU)
MicroSD Card(up to 64GB)/SATA(up to 2TB USB-to-SATA;
Storage Support
GL830)/eMMC(8GB onboard)
Onboard
10/100/1000Mbps ethernet (Realtek RTL8211E/D)
Network
WiFi 802.11 b/g/n (AP6212)
Bluetooth BT4.0 (AP6212)
Video In Parallel 8-bit camera interface MIPI Camera serial Interface(CSI)
HDMI 1.4 DHCP 1.2 with resolutions from(640x640 to 1920x1080)
Video Out
MIPI DSI for RAW LCD panels
Audio Out 3.5 mm Jack and HDMI
Audio In On board microphone
Power Source Micro USB, optional 5V DC port (center positive 1,6 x 4,4mm)
USB Ports 2x USB 2.0, USB OTG(Micro USB)
Buttons Reset button, Power button, U-boot button
GPIO 40 Pins: GPIO, UART, I2C bus, I2S bus, SPI bus, PWN, +3.3v, +5v, ground
LED Power LED(red), RJ45 LED(blue), user define LED(green)
OS Android and Linux etc.OS
Dimensions 92mm x 60mm
Weight 45g

8. INTEL GALILEO GEN2:

The Intel® Galileo Gen2 is a board based on the Intel® Quark™ SoC X1000, a 32-bit Intel®
Pentium® processor-class system on a chip (SoC), operating at speeds up to 400MHz.The
board has built-in Ethernet with support for Power Over Ethernet(PoE), a USB 2.0 Host Port,
micrso-SD slot, PCI Express mini-card slot, 20 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs with 8/12-bits of resolution and 6 as analog inputs with 12 bits of
resolution), a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, a JTAG header, and 2 reset
buttons.There is also an integrated Real Time Clock (RTC), with an optional 3V “coin cell”
battery for operation between turn on cycles.The Intel® Galileo Gen2 supports shields that
operate at either 3.3v or 5v. The board is designed to be hardware and software pin-
compatible with Arduino shields designed for the Uno R3. Digital pins 0 to 13 (and the
adjacent AREF and GND pins), Analog inputs 0 to 5, the power header, ICSP header, and the
UART port pins (0 and 1), are all in the same locations as on the Arduino Uno R3.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Microcontroller SoC Quark X1000
Operating Voltage 3.3V / 5V
Input Voltage 7-15V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide 8/12-bit PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
Flash Memory 512 kB
RAM 256 MB DDR3
SRAM 512 kB
Flash Storage 8MB
EEPROM 8kB
Clock Speed 400 MHz
PoE compatible
Length 124 mm
Width 72 mm

9. ARDUINO:
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public
License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of
Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available
commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (For prototyping) and other circuits.
The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB)
on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The
microcontrollers can be programmed using C and C++ programming languages. In addition
to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

SPECIFICATIONS:
10. NANOPC-T1:
The NanoPC-T1 quad core Cortex A9 single board computer is designed and developed by
FriendlyARM for professional and enterprise users. It uses Samsung Quad Core Cortex-A9
Exynos 4412 SoC with dynamic frequency scaling up to 1.5GHz. The NanoPC-T1 has 1GB
DDR3 RAM and 8G eMMC onboard. It supports HDMI 1080P(1920 x 1080), IR receiver,
100/10M adaptive Ethernet, USB WiFi,USB 3G, 1080P hard coded video play and excellent
2D/3D acceleration.

SPECIFICATIONS
 CPU Clock: 1.5GHz
 CPU：Samsung Exynos4412
Key Features  GPU: Mali-400MP(4+1) Multi-Core GPU
 1GB DDR3 RAM
 8GB eMMC High Speed Flash
 HDMI: Standard HDMI1.4a
 Audio Output: 3.5mm audio jack
 USB 2.0 Host: 2 x USB Type A, 1 x USB Pin Header
Standard Interface  SD Slot
 Ethernet: RJ45, adaptive 100/10M Ethernet
 Power Interface 2: 1 x 2.54mm pitch pin header
 USB Host 2.0x2
 GPIO1: 30pin 2.0mm pitch double row pin header containing
Extended Interfaces & UART x 1, SPI x 1, I2C x 1, GPIO x 20,5V, 3.3V
Ports  GPIO2: 16pin, 2.0mm pitch pin header containing UART x 1,
GPIO x 2, SDIO x 1, USB Host2.0 x 1
  UART Serial: 4 x 2.0mm pitch pin header
 CMOS Camera: 20pin, 2.0mm pitch double row pin header,
for regular cameras whose resolution is up to 500M
 MIPI Camera: 15pin, 1.0mm pitch FPC seat, for high
definition cameras whose resolution is greater than 500M
 User Key: 2 x
 Programmable LED: 2 x
Other Resources  Reset key: 1 x
 RTC Battery
 Fuse (2A)
 USB 3G
 WiFi
Additional Functions
 Bluetooth
 Camera

Conclusion: