8 Demonstratj ; tration of Bernoulli’s Theorem 1 Aim 5 Demonstrate Bernoulli’s Th i i Sorem using Bernoulli's Theorem Demonstration rats: Introduction Bernoulli's Theorsm Demonstration apparatus consists of a classivalVenturi made of sear erylic. A series of wall tapings allow measurement of the staticpressure distribution along verging duct, while a total head tube is provided totraversealong the center line of the test These tapings are connected to amanometer bank incorporating a manifold with air bleed ressurization of themanometers is facilitated by a hand pump. This unit has been designed to be used with a Hydraulics Bench for students to study tpecharacteristics of : flow through both converging and diverging sections. During theexperiment, water is fed through a hose connector and students may control the flow rateof the water by adjusting a flow regulator valve at the outlet of the test section. The venturi can be demonstrated as a mean of flow measurement and the discharge coefficient can be determined. This test section can be used to demonstrate thosecircumstances to which Bernoulli’s Theorem may be applied as well as in othercircumstances where the theorem is not sufficient to describe apP ¢ the CoM" ection. yalve: P the fluid behavior. 33 Unit Construction Figure 8-1 Bernoulli’s Principle Demonstrator ‘Scanned wth CamScanetted to the correspondingpressure taps ec 84 Procedure onn 1. Check that all manometer tubes are properly ¢ and are air-bubble free. até . Adjust the discharge valve to a high measurable flow Se volanisie method. After the level stabilizes, measure the water flow rate using orredted'tomanometer Hl ep Gently slide the hypodermic tube (total head measuring) co! that its end reaches the cross section of the Venturi tube at eee a. Wait for some time and note down the readings from m: Shee aiveloety b. The reading shown by manometer H is the sum of the s pemernee heads, i.e. the total (or stagnation) head (h*), because the hyp against the flow of fluid forcing it to a stop (zero velocity). b . ’) because it The reading in manometer measures just the pressure head (hi) ©. isconnected to the Venturi tube pressure tap, which does not obstruct the flow,thus measuring the flow static pressure. 5. Repeat step 5 for other cross sections (#B, #C, #D, #E and #F). , 6. Repeat step 3 to 6 with three other decreasing flow rates by regulating theventuri discharge valve. 7 Calculate the velocity, Vip using the Bemoulli’s equation where: Vg = 42 gx (hy — hy) ViC using the continuity equation where Vic = Qav/ Aj 9. Determined the difference between two calculated velocities, 8. Calculate the velocity, ‘Seanneé wih CamScanet8.6 Maintenance and Safety Precautions 1. 2. = It is important to drain all water from the apparatus when not in use. The apparatus should be stored properly to prevent damage. Any manometer tube, which does not fill with water or slow fill, indicates that tapping or connection of the manometer is blocked. To remove the obstacle, disconnect the flexible connection tube and blow through. The apparatus should not be exposed to any shock and stresses. Always wear protective clothing, shoes, helmet and goggles throughout the laboratory session. Always run the experiment after fully understand the unit and procedures. 5 ‘Seanneé wih CamScanet