Candidate Name Centre number Candidate number Corentte ce ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level BIOLOGY 9190/3 PAPER 3 Friday 12 NOVEMBER 2004 Morning 1 hour 30 minutes ‘Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials: ‘Answer paper Ruler (cm/mm) TIME 1 hour 30 minutes " INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on all separate answer paper used. Answer the questions set on one of the options. Within the chosen option, Questions 1 and 2 are to be answered in the spaces provided on the question paper. Question 3 is to be answered on the separate answer paper provided. ‘The answers to Question 3 should be illustrated by large, clearly labelled diagrams wherever suitable. Atthe end of the examination (@) fasten the separate answer paper securely to the question paper, (®) enter the number of the option you have answered in the grid below. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES ‘The intended number of marks is given in brackets [ ] et the end of each question. ‘The options are: OPTION ANSWERED @ 1 Beziwony (once /2.- Applications of Genetics (page 6) FOR EXAMINER'S USE 3 - Human Health and Disease (page 12) \4~ Applied Plant and Animal Science (page 17) 1 ‘You may use a calculator. 2 ‘You are reminded of the need for good English and 3a) clear presentation in your answers. 3(b) TOTAL This question paper consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page. Copyright: Zimbabwe Schoo! Examinations Counc, N2004, ezimsec noo {Turn over2 OPTION BIOTECHNOLOGY ls 1 Gelentrapment is a method of immobilising enzymes. Fig. 1.1 below shows enzyme, K entrapped in a gel, AIC! [G) ICic Fig, 1.1 | id © — © Name a suitable material that can be used to entrap the enzyme | molecules. O] (@ entity any two other methods of enzyme immobilisation. See eer ee | BR) SSE aa espa enc (b) Explain four advantages of using immobilised enzymes in the synthesis a > of a pharmaceutical product, a ‘91900 N20083 (© Enzymes are commonly used in the food industry and are also found as constituents of biological detergents. (Suggest four reasons why it is advantageous to use cell free enzymes in the food industry rather than whole cells. 4] (i) _ Inthe first biological detergents to be marketed, the instructions stated that the soiled clothing should be soaked in the detergent in warm water for a period of time prior to washing in hot water. Give a biological explanation for this. 2] (ii) In some dish-washing powders, there are at least three different enzymes. Suggest why this is so. 2] (Total: 15] 1903 N00 {Turn over le4 Mycoprotein is a food product from a filamentous fungus, Fusarium gramiearum grown in a continuous fermenter. (@) @_ Describe the process of mycoprotein production in a continuous fermenter. accel. i io eS on ite ip ia FARR Rate re aL tat eee an ce J 4 Gi) Discuss the problems associated with single cell protein production and its use as a beef substitute. ee a oe ee ee poh iat ees enone neweet screenees eee Slonter twenty eS 4] CaS br ie eed ee ae a (b) Outline the disadvantages of using continuous fermentation compared. to batch fermentation. Senos id si Sinise ieee eee es cree eA ean Ac eats ee ee Cpe ApH eer Yc abe ‘919013 N2008 le(© Single cell protein technology has not had major impact on global protein supplies. Suggest three reasons for this. ee ee See Pa etter TNS eet ee ee [Total Either @ — @__ Outline the steps taken in the production of monoclonal antibodies, @ Describe how monoclonal antibodies are used in the purification of proteins, ii) Compare the conditions required for mammalian tissue culture with that of micro-organisms. (6) @ Describe the inter-disciplinary endeavour in the synthesis of antibodies. Gi) Outline what is meant by the term biotechnology. (ii) Distinguish between traditional and modern biotechnology techniques, 919018 N2008 [Turn over B) 15) [8] {5} 7 6) 18)OPTION 2: APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS Fig. 1.1 shows the results of electrophoresis with DNA samples A, B, C and D. The DNA used was linear not circular. Each sample contained identical DNA but each was treated differently. Sample B was incubated with restriction enzyme R3 which cuts at three sites, Sample C was incubated with restriction enzyme T4 which cuts at four sites, Sample D was incubated with both enzymes R3 and T4, Resut| Result Resul3_Resuled —_ | a =|— Fig. La 9190 N2008@ o) Match the results with the samples. In each case explain your answer. Result Sample Reason 1 fl Describe briefly how in such DNA analysis @ DNA is separated into bands, ge eA ATED Noor oebihar atch eee Te ee ere eee Se a aE ED eden no Lela errata elena dees ear BI ae eee ven te eae Cee eee 51903 2008 [Turn over@ © @ the bands are made visible. Se I A RI) ET reece eee cae ee DNA analysis may be used in genetic screening. A large deletion in a gene can be detected by the absence of specific DNA bands ina DNA profile when a probe for that portion of the gene has been used. The information is made available when the family seeks genetic counselling, Explain the role of a genetic counsellor, ce aS ee ee SG a a a ee ee SE ges oases Soo a ace a Tecan) Sra se By A potential gene therapy for certain genetic diseases involves adding ‘the normal dominant allele for the particular disease to the patient's cells Explain why itis theoretically easier to perform gene therapy when a mutant allele is recessive than when it is dominant, _-ho oo Se RT ea B) i ee [Total:15] ‘919073 N20049 The speed with which genetic erosion is taking place has prompted an international effort to conserve genetic resources of food plants and other commercially important crops. The starting point is to survey centres of diversity for food plants and the wild relatives that grow in association with them and to conserve their germ plasm in international gene banks. In South America a survey was carried out using geographical information systems and restriction fragment polymorphisms (RFLPs) technique to acquire wild crop germ plasm for ex sins collections of the bean Phaseolus lunatus and its related wild species. (@) Define (gene bank, 2) (i) genetic erosion, B) (iil) germplasm. ‘3.9073 N2008 [Turn over ele10 f (b) — Explainhow the use of RFLPs could be used to identify related wild species of Phaseolus lunatus. ie eas ea ee | Geeta ee ee oat (tie a ieee anes 4 | (©) Suggest two reasons why geneticists may collect seeds of wild species of i | Phaseolus lunatus. 1 gedaan eae Siete ie es 2 Rie eens Saami @ Ns ae ne ane (@ Explain how genetic erosion may oocur ina particular plant species such as Phaseolous lunatus. ae de amet an a eid Se eee ee ae malady Ce ee ee open ee a ance ae BI [Total: 15] 19013 42004 [Turn overEither ® @ @ cc) Or ® @ «@ cr) uw Explain the effect of linkage and crossing over on the phenotypes from dihybrid crosses. [3] Describe two examples of the effect of the environment on the phenotype. [6] Suggest how you might assess the relative contributions of the genotype and the environment to the phenotype of an organism. [6] Explain the basis of gene therapy. 16) Outline how genetic fingerprinting is carried out. 13] Suggest how the techniques used in genetic fingerprinting may be of use in genetic screening and in establishing a gene bank. [6] ‘1902 2004 [Turn over |12 OPTION 3: HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a curative treatment of a heart disease. right coronary artery 4 position of. blockage Fig. 11 (a) @__ Name the type of cure shown in Fig. 1.1. | ity cise et plenary Wend tae ac Seed (i) Explain why such a surgery is difficult on obese people. _ QI ‘919013 N2008 le13 , (iii) With a severe heart damage or failure a heart transplant may be needed. Suggest two reasons why heart transplants are not very common, 1 2 2 (>) Explain how phagocytes destroy bacteria. GI (©) Comment on the immunity of the following individuals:- @ — anew-bom baby, 2] 1903 N08 {Turn over fe14 (i) a pperson infected with HIV. See i cee rl see eS peeichiduatgerieustecer eee ee eke oe eee et eae ks aL etl roe eee seared teec beget and aetna Ue eee a (@) Name the causative agents of the following diseases:- @ cholera GTB (iit) ge coils eho iteniuoe eee Hee DS] | , (Total: 15] i 2 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), now called Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) were established by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, an independent research organisation based in Washington, D.C. (a) (@ Name the two groups of DRVs. GT sericea eS PELs ee Beg 1 ee 2 et aes i bea alge ah aan ae hte hank oe | fale ea.ces esas ueveeeeeis arte ecto eee [7 1900 N20045 15 (ii)__Describe the main features of the two groups you stated in (a) (i). 4] (iii) Outline the uses of DRV. BI (iv) State two disadvantages of providing DRV on food labels. eiekaed adel in ean el i eS ae 1900 N2004 [Turn over alee ®) Either @ 16 With reference to heroin, explain what is meant by 1. tolerance, Pl se Paco de par tat SL RSS se Pui tee seer elatiner sorte ee ack oer bie Seni cee te 2. dependence. ok pearl clk Screed A oe Ncecd a eugene @ Gi) (iii) Gi) due ee [4] [Total: 15] Describe the effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the gaseous exchange system. 7 Deseribe factors that contribute to drug dependence. 5] Explain using one example in each case what is meant by the following categories of disease or illnesses. A self-inflicted B deficiency C degenerative D mental {8] Outline the social problems associated with heavy drinking of alcohol. a Describe the role of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious disease. (5) Discuss the socio-economic factors in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. [8] ‘919073 2008 eli & oO7 OPTION 4: APPLIED PLANT AND ANIMAL SCIENCE ele 1 Crop rotation consists of growing a definite series of crops on the same piece of land. Deep rooted crops are grown in the first year, followed by shallow rooted cereals in the second year and legumes in the third year. The farmer then reverts to deep-rooted crops again in the fourth year. Crop rotation helps to improve the soil in various ways. @) State three advantages of rotating crops. ao Sey oe 8] | (Briefly explain how soil is improved by the addition of lime. ¢ pra cesta eee esata Cae De ceeei= ee] 91903 N2G08 [Turn over18 ‘An investigation was carried out to measure the effect of supplying extra carbon dioxide to field crops. A small group of soya beans (Glycine soja) was enclosed in cloches made of transparent plastic. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the enclosure was monitored by an infra red gas analyser connected to a supply of carbon dioxide. When the concentration of the gas fell below a pre-set value, pure carbon dioxide was fed into the enclosure. The productivity of the soya beans was measured by determining the net assimilation rate (NAR) of the crop on a daily basis. The results of the investigation are shown in | Fig. Li. ' 6 | nar 4 i gm-2day? 2 300 600 CO, concentration/ppm. Fig. 1.1 (6) @ With reference to Fig, 1.1 describe the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and net assimilation rate (NAR). poesia (2) ‘919013 N2008 he© 19 (i) Explain the importance of covering the ground in plastic. ee oe Se ie a BB (@ Suggest the importance of knowing the NAR of a crop to a farmer. 2] (State one alternative method of measuring productivity in crop plants. 1) [Total: 15] 1999 N2004 [Turn over ils20 Fig 2.1 shows the arrangement of leaf cells in a C, plant. @) epidermal cell cuticle palisade cell xylem bundle sheath cell phloem spongy mesophyll sub-stomatal State three ways in which the leaf anatomy in Fig. 2.1 above differs from that in a C3 plant. 8) 919013 N2004 els | | | | |2 Suggest three ways in which the leaf anatomy in Fig, 2.1 is adapted to its method of carbon dioxide fixation. —<, ———___—_—__________ FS Se eg = BI Sareea ea a Fig. 2.2 shows part of a leguminous plant. Structure P contains micro-organisms which form a symbiotic association with the plant. 919013 N2003| [Turn over@® Explain the role of the micro-organism in structure P in improving soil fertility. ‘The association between the plant and the micro-organisin benefits both of them. (iii) Describe how each organism benefits from the association. lant 3 micro-organism 919013 N2008 O) BI GI ale23 tages of using artificial fertilisers, QI SPO eg ara oe ecclnscee T Either ® @ @ iii) Or ® @ @ (ii) [Total: 15] Outline the roles of cytokinins and abseisic acid as plant growth ators. regul 1m Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cloning. [6] Explain the problems posed by over-production of food in Europe and North America, Suggest how these problems may be solved. 7 Compare intensive and extensive livestock production, [3] Outline the environmental features that determine the choice of animals to be reared. [6] Discuss the environmental impacts of intensive livestock Production, [6] ‘91902 N2004