aspiration - inspiration of foreign matter into the lung

bolus feeding - rapid administration of 250-500 mL of formula several times daily

clear liquid diet - diet consisting of liquids that contribute minimal residue to the gastrointestinal tract;
includes fruit juices without pulp, carbonated sodas, broth, tea, coffee, water, popsicles, fruit ice, jello
and clear liquid nutritional supplements

closed system - a method of enteral feeding in which the container or bag is profiled with sterile liquid
formula by the manufacturer and is "ready to feed" after connecting to the patient's feeding access

colonocyte - epithelial cell of the large intestine or colon

crystalline amino acid - part of basic TPN system, used as a source of nitrogen in the nutritional support
of patients with adequate stores of body fat, in whom, for short periods of time, oral nutrition cannot be
tolerated or is undesirable

continuous feeding - administration of formula for 10-24 hours daily, using a pump to control the
feeding rate

elemental formula - a nutrition support formula composed of simple elemental nutrient components
that require no further digestive breakdown and are thus readily absorbed

enteral feeding - feeding through the gastrointestinal tract using a tube, catheter, or stoma that delivers
nutrients distal to (or beyond) the oral cavity

full liquid diet - diet consisting of all beverages allowed on clear liquid diets with addition of milk, ice
cream, yogurt, and liquid nutritional supplements

gastrostomy - creation of an artificial opening into the stomach

hepatic steatosis - an accumulation of fat in the liver

hydrophilic - water loving, or attracting water

hyperosmolar - having a higher osmolality than body fluids (>300 mOsm/kg) (high glucose level)

intermittent feeding - administration of formula several times daily, over 20-30 minutes

implantable port - intravenous access device that is completely under the skin, is placed in the vein on
the upper chest wall, and exits the body near the xyphoid process, axilla, or abdominal wall

iso-osmolar - same proportion of weight of particles and water

jejunostomy - creation of an opening in the jejunum

medical food - food administered under the supervision of a physician and intended for the specific
dietary management of a disease for which distinctive nutritional requirements are established

modular product - an incomplete liquid supplement that contains specific nutrients, usually a single
macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein or fat) - do not supply adequate macronutrient needs

nasogastric - a tube that is inserted nasally into the stomach

orogastric - a tube that is inserted orally into the stomach

osmolality - number of water attracting particles per weight of water/solvent in kilograms (expressed as
mOsm/kg)

osmolarity - number of millimoles of liquid or solid in a liter of solution (expressed as mOsm/L)

ostomy - suffix meaning to create an artificial opening

refeeding syndrome - metabolic alterations such as electrolyte fluctuations that may occur during
nutritional repletion of starved patients

semi-elemental formula - nutritionally complete formula but elements are broken down into smaller
components

stylet - wire guide within the enteral tube that assists with insertion

three in one system - formula includes a lipid emulsion with a dextrose and amino acid solution

tube feeding syndrome - a potentially fatal condition caused by a feeding regimen given through a tube
that provides too little water and too much protein in the diet

tunneled catheter - intravenous access device that is placed in the vein on the upper chest wall and exits
the body near the xyphoid process, axilla, or abdominal wall

two in one system - formula includes dextrose and amino acids with lipids added separately

viscosity - thickness of a liquid

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition - ASPEN

catheter associated (urinary) tract infection - CATI

central venous catheter - CVC

enteral nutrition - EN

fructo-oligosaccharides - FOS

intraventricular hemorrhage - IVH

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations - JCAHO

journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition - JPEN

long chain fatty acid - LCFA

medium chain fatty acid - MCFA

medium chain triglyceride - MCT

nasoduodenal tube - NDT

nothing by mouth - NPO

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy - PEG

percutaneous inserted central catheter - PICC

parenteral nutrition - PN

peripheral parenteral nutrition - PPN

paraventricular - PVN

short chain fatty acid - SCFA

sympathetic nervous system - SNS

total parenteral nutrition - TPN