Stop 1 of 3 1.4.1le Refer to circuit diagram in Figure £4.1 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. 12v(*) Step 2 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. vy yin. 2k 12k Apply ideal op-amp conditions. Step 3 of 3 Write the expression for the current /, . V, 10 Substitute 84 V for V, in the equation. mA 10k -8Vv 10k =8.4mA Therefore, the current 7, is 10 kQ l Figure |Stop 1 of 2 1.4.1f Refer to Figure 4PFE-1 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. Ath, =l, 4-v, -2- -¥, ech nt 4 12 R, Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andé_ =i, Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that »_ =0 Substitute 0 for »_ and —3V for Y, in the equation. 4-v_ | -2-v + 4 12 R 4-0 -2-0_0-(-3) 4 12 R es R, 6 R, =3.6kQ Hence, the value of resistance R, is 3.6kQ. Therefore, the correct option is [-l.Stop 1 of 3 Refer to waveform shown in Figure P4.1 in the textbook. The value of gain ( A, ) is 15. It is known that, for an amplifier the output voltage is, AM Calculate the output voltage at ¢ =) . 15(0 mV) =0V Calculate the output voltage at y = 9.5* v, =15(50 mV) =750 mV Calculate the output voltage at 7 = 0,5" - =15(-100 mV) =~1500 mV Calculate the output voltage at y= |* . 15(0) =0V Step 2 of 3 Calculate the output voltage at y= )- . 3(-150 mV) =~2250 mV Calculate the output voltage at » = 1.5* - y, =15(50 mV} =750 mV Calculate the output voltage at y = 1.5" . =15(0 mV) =0V Calculate the output voltage at y= 2 =15(0) =0V Step 3 of 3 The output waveform is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Therefore, the output waveform for the amplifier is shown in Figure 1 1.4.1pStep 1 of 2 1 4 .2E Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.2 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 2 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. heh v.-0 Vi-v RR, Apply ideal op-amp conditions. R o R Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is|I +Step 1 of 3 1.4.2EF Refer to Figure 4PFE-2 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. 18 kQ Step 2 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the first op-amp. h+l,=1 2-v_ -l-v + 6 12 18 Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi_ =#, Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v_ =0 . Substitute the values v_ =@ in the expression. Step 3 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the second op-amp. Iytl=al, v, Bev. v, 6 12 36 Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi. Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v. =O. Substitute the values y_ =Q and y, =—4,5¥V in the expression. Hence, the output voltage Y, is 18V . Therefore, the correct option ish.Step 1 of 2 1.4.2P Consider the waveform shown in textbook Figure P4.2. The waveform is the output of an amplifier with gain ¥, “5. We know that y, = “= Where A, 5 The output voltage values from the waveform with respect to time instants are vy =0,4,12,12,12,8,0 at 1 =0 to 6 respectively %y =-8 at 1=6° And -12,-6,0 at £=7to9 respectively From the output voltage values, we can find the voltage values from the above equation. Therefore at 1=0 t=! Step 2 of 2 From the above voltage values, the input waveform is vn (V) Figure 1 Therefore the input waveform for the given amplifier is as shown in Figure 1.Stop 1 of 4 1.4.3E Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.3 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 4 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal, h=h, 0_Y, 1 100 Apply ideal op-amp conditions. Step 3 of 4 Calculate the gain of the op-amp circuit by substitute 1 kQ for R, and 100 kQ for R, in the equation. +k R 4 00k2 1kQ =1+100 =101 Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is [TOI] - Step 4 of 4 Write the expression for the gain of the op-amp circuit. Yo =101 ¥, ‘s Calculate the output voltage of the op-amp by substitute | mV for V, in the equation. =(101)(Imv) =0.101V Therefore, the output voltage of the op-amp isStep 1 of 2 Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (a) in the text book having voltage V, = 4 V - Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 10V, having current J, as follows: P=(10¥;)(-,) =(10)(4 V)(-2 A) =(40)(-2) =-80 W Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (a) is [80 Step 2 of 2 Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (b) in the text book having current f, = 4 A Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 4/, as follows: P=(10 V)(-4/,) =(10 V)(4)(-4 A) = (10)(4)(-4) =-160 W Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (b) is [160 W]Step 1 of 2 1. 4p Consider that a battery having voltage, 7 =12 V delivers the energy, (Aw) of 100 J in a time period, (dt) of 5 seconds, (a) Calculate the amount of charge, (g) delivered Therefore, the amount of delivered charge is [8, Step 2 of 2 (b) Calculate the value of current (/) produced. 4 at _8.33C 5s 833 5 Sl67A Therefore, the value of current produced isStep 1 of 3 1.5e Consider the circuit of Figure E1.5 given in the text book. Calculate the power (Pav) absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage V = 24 V and current {, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pay =(PY-1) =(24V)(-4A) =(24)(-4) =-96 W Therefore, the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of |96 W] . Stop 2 of 3 Calculate the power (P.) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage 7 =8 V and current 1, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: (VY) (8V)(4 A) =(8)(4) =32W R Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of[32 W]- Step 3 of 3 Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the 4/, dependent source having voltage Vv =4J, and current J, =4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pa, =(H)(E) =(4)(4A)(4 A) =(4)(4)(4) =64W Therefore, the sign of power is positive so the 47, dependent source absorbs the power ofStep 1 of 1 1. 5p Consider that the current, (i) in a conductor is 1,5 A and the time interval, (df) is 1.5 minutes. Calculate the value of charge, (g) . q=i(d) =(1.5 A)(1.5%60 s) =(1.5)(1.5)(60) =135C Therefore, the charge passing through any point in the conductor isStep 1 of 5 1.6e Consider the circuit of Figure E1.6 given in the text book. Calculate the power (ha vy) that is absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage ¥ = 24 V and current £, = 1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows: Pav =(V)(-4) =(24V)(-L5A) =(24)(-1.5) =-36W Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of [5 Step 2 of 5 Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the dependent source having voltage V = 2/, and current {, =1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows: P, =V(-£,) =(28,)(-L) =(2)(1.5A)(-1.5A) =-45W Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 2/, dependent source supplies a power of Step 3 of 5 Calculate the power (P) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage V = 6 V and current i =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: RaV(1,) =(6¥V)(1.5A) =(6)(1.5) =9W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of| Step 4 of 5 Calculate the power ( P, ,.) that is absorbed or supplied by voltage source having voltage V =12 V and current #, =1,5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pav =V(L) =(I2V)(I.5A) = (12)(1.5) =18W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the 12 Y voltage source absorbs the power of Stop 5 of 5 Calculate the power (2 ) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ having voltage 7 =9 V and current 1, =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Rav(L) =(9 V)(L5A) =(9)(15) =13.5W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘2’ absorbs the power of |]3.5 YW)Step 1 of 1 1. 6p Consider that the charge, (4) of 60 C is passing through an electric conductor in time period, (ar) of 30 seconds. Calculate the value of current, (i) passing in the conductor. a =G0€ 30s = ~ 30 =2A Therefore, the current passing in the conductor is [2 Al -Step 1 of 7 1.Je Consider the circuit in Figure E1.7 given in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1’ in the circuit having voltage V = 25 V and current J =| A as follows: A VI =(25 V)(I A) =(25)(1) =25W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (PB, ,) absorbed or supplied by $ A current source in the circuit having voltage V =25¥ and current = 5 A as follows: Aaah) =(25 V)(-5.A) =(25)(-5) =-125W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by J, current source in the circuit having voltage V =10¥V and current J = J, as follows: a,=¥(-1) =(10.V)(-1,) =-10/, Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (A) absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ in the circuit having voltage 7 =15 Y and current J = /, as follows: Rav(-1) =(5V)(-1,) =-I5/, Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element ‘3' in the circuit having vottage V =15 V and current 7 =2 A as follows: RaW =(15 V)(2 A) =(15)(2) =30W Step 6 of 7 Calculate the power (R, ,} absorbed or supplied by 19 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =10¥ and current 7 = 2 A as follows: Poy =I =(10 V)(2.A) =(10)(2) =20W Step 7 of 7 According to Tellegen’s theorem sum of the power absorbed or supplied by all the elements in the network is equal to zero as follows: 25 W-125 W-10/, -151, +30 W+20 W=0 753-125-251, =0 251, =-50 L 2A Therefore, by using Tellegen’s theorem, the value of J. isStep 1 of 1 1. Tp Calculate the charge, (4) produced by a battery having current, j= 12 A within a time interval (dt) of one hour. qzidt = (12 A)(60 min) =(12 A)(60x60s) =43.2kC Therefore, the charge produced isStep 1 of 3 1.8e Consider the circuit given in Figure £1.8 in the text book. Calculate the energy w’ delivered to the box by using equation 1.4 given in the textbook as follows: ‘ we i p(t)de 4 230.0 = J 2S5e“ar o ozs =25] e ° lef Further simplification is as follows: e778) gH) w=(2a}[ =a" = =(2.5)(-0.092 + 0.25) =(2.5)(0.158) =395 mJ Therefore, the energy delivered to the box is . Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current i(t) in the circuit by using equation 1.3 given in the textbook as follows: i(t)= Pe) v(t) _2.5¢" W ~~ 50eT V 25 ay 50 = 500" mA Step 3 0f 3 Calculate the value of charge (q (9) delivered to the box in time interval 0 < 7 < 250 ms 45 follows: , a)=[aQa fo 023 = J (Soe mA) ar ° 025 =0.05 | edt ° ~(005{ 51" Further simplification is as follows: 4025) gH) a(t)= (009 (> =| =—0,00787 + 0.0166 = 0.0088 =8.8mC Therefore the charge delivered to the box isStep 1 of 1 1. 8p Consider Figure P1.8 in the textbook. Consider that the charge, (g) of 5 C passes through the element from point A to B. Therefore, the equation becomes as V, Calculate the voltage, (¥,) for which the energy, (w) absorbed by the element is 120 J Therefore, the voltage across the element isStep 1 of 5 Refer to Figure E1.9 in the textbook for electrical circuit and energy waveform. The value of source voltage is, 10 V Write the mathematical expressions for energy waveform. 2.5t O, iS negative and so the 4/, voltage dependent source supplies the power Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by 24 V voltage source in the considered circuit by using the formula P = VJ - Substitute P= A. ¥=-24V . 7 =2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power Py - P=v(s,) -24.V)(2.A) -24\(2) =-48 W Therefore, the sign of power P,,,, is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies the power of Step 6 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the considered circuit by using the formula P=VWi- Substitute P= R, ¥=20V. {=2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power FR . P=Vi, R=(20V)(2 A) =(20)(2) =40W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of Step 7 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by element 2 in the considered circuit by using the formula P=Vi- Substitute P= P,, V=12 V . 1 =2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power P, . P=Vi, R=(I2V)(2A) =(12)(2) =4Ww Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element 2 absorbs the power of [24 w] -Step 1 of 2 1. 33p Refer to Figure P1.33 in the text book. If the notation of the power is positive, it indicates that the power is absorbing otherwise power is delivering. Current entering from positive terminal gives absorbing power. Calculate the power delivered by the independent source Pov =(36)(4.) =(36)(4) =144W Calculate the power delivered by the dependent source. P,=(2)(4,) =(2)(4) =8W Calculate the total power supplied. Fog = Boy +P, =144W+8W =152W Thus, the power supplied by the sources is [152 W] - Step 2 of 2 Calculate the power absorbed by the element 1. R=(12)(4) =48W Calculate the power absorbed by the element 2. A =(24)(2) =48W Calculate the power absorbed by the element 3. B= (28)(2) =56W Calculate the power absorbed by the elements. Py = P+ ht P, =48 W+48 W456 W =152W Thus, the power absorbed by the elements is Hence, the power supplied by the sources is same as power absorbed by the elements.Step 1 of 6 1. 34p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.34 in the text book. The current (7) flowing in the circuitis 2 A . Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source having voltage V =12 V as follows: P=¥(-1) Pry = (12 V)(-2 A) =(12)(-2) =-24W Step 2 of 6 Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage ¥ = 4 V as follows: P=VI P=(4V)(2 4) =(4)(2) =8W Step 3 of 6 Calculate the power (Py, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent voltage source having voltage ¥ = 2Y, as follows: P=V¥(-1) Py, = (2V,)(-2 A) = (2,)(-2) =v, W Step 4 of 6 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = V, as follows P=VI A=(K)ZA) =(X,)() =, Ww Step 5 of 6 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of ¥, as follows: Fav t Py, = Ath 24+4V, =8+2, 2, =-16 V,=-8V Step 6 of 6 Caloulate the value of power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 in the circuit as follows: Revd =(-8 V)(24) -8)(2) =-16W Therefore, the sign of power (P,) is negative and so the element 2 supplies the power ofStep 1 of 6 1. 35p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.35 in the text book. Calculate the power (Bev) absorbed or supplied by 36 Y voltage source having voltage V = 36 V and current J = [, as follows: P=¥(-1) Poy = (36 V)(-i, A) =(36)(-1,) =-361, W Step 2 of 6 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V =12 V and current J = /, as follows: P=VI R=(2V)(0,4) =(12)(4,) =121, W Step 3 of 6 Calculate the power (A ) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 24 V and current 1=2A 4s follows: P=Vi Aa(24v)(2A) =(24)(2) =48 W Step 4 of 6 Calculate the power (2, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent voltage source having voltage V = 1. I, and current { = 2 A as follows: P=¥(-1) Ry, =(W.)(-2A) =(U)(2) =-27,W Step 5 of 6 Calculate the power ( B) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V = 28 V and current £=2A 4s follows: P=VI B=(28V)(2A) =(28)(2) =56W Step 6 of 6 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal fo the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Poy thy Rt hth 361, +21, =12/, +48+56 261, =104 1,=4A Therefore, the value of /_ isStep 1 of 7 1 - 36p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.36 in the text book. Calculate the power (P,,., ) absorbed or supplied by 36 V voltage source having voltage V = 36 V anc current J = [, as follows: P=¥(-1) Pov =(36V)(-1, A) =(36)(-1,) =-361, W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V =12V and current f= /, as follows: P= A=(I2V)(1, A) =(12)(4,) =121, W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (2, fe ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent current source having voltage V=24 V and current {= 27, A as follows P=Vi Py, = (24 V)(21, A) =(24)(21,) =48/, W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 8 V and current 1=2A 4s follows: P= v(-!) A=(8V\(-2) =(8)(-2) =-16W Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (8) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V =16 V and current 1 =2 A as follows: P=V(-!) P,=(16 V)(-2A) =(16)(-2) Step 6 of 7 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Boyt ht Rak+ hy, 36/, +16+32=12/, +48/, 247, = 48 1,=2A Step 7 of 7 Calculate the value of power (PR) absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the circuit as follows: RaW, =(12V)(2A) =(12)(2) =24W Therefore, the sign of power ( P) is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of [24 W] -Step 1 of 7 1 -37p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.37 in the text book. Calculate the power (Rev) absorbed or supplied by 18 V voltage source having voltage V =18 V and current J = J, as follows: P=¥(-1) =(18V)(-7, A) =(18)-1,) =-18/, W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V = 6 V and current { =], as follows: P=VI R=(6V\(, A) =(6)(4,) =61.W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (Py) absorbed or supplied by voltage source having voltage V = 24 V and current £=2 A as follows: P=V| (-4 ) Pay =(24V)(-2 A) =(24)(-2) =-48W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 4 V and current 1 =21, A as follows: P=VI A=(4V)(21, 4) Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent current source having voltage ¥ =20 V and current f=21, A as follows: P= Py, =(20V)(2F, A) =(20)(2/,) =401, W Step 6 of 7 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Rev t Paya R+R+Py, 187, +48 = 67, +87, +40/, 361, = 48 1, =133A Step 7 of 7 Calculate the value of power (F.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the circuit as follows: =(6V)(133 A) =(6)(1.33) =8W Therefore, the sign of power (P) is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power ofStep 1 of 9 1. 38p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.38 in the text book. Calculate the power (Pay) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source having voltage V =12 V and current J =2 A as follows: P=V(-1) Pay =(12 V)(-2 A) =(2)(-2) =-24W Step 2 of 9 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage VW = 4 V and current 1=2 A as follows: P=VI R=(4V)(24) =(4)(2) =8W Step 3 0f 9 Calculate the power (Pr, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent voltage source having voltage V =2V, and current ¢ =2 A as follows: P=V(-1) Py, = (2V,)(-2 A) = 2V.)(-2) =-4V, W Step 4 of 9 Calculate the power (Py v) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage ¥ =12 V and current 1=4A as follows: P=V(-/) =(12V)(-4A) =(12)(-4) =—-48 W Step 5 of 9 Calculate the power (A) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage 7 =16 V and current £=2A as follows: =(16)(2) =32W Step 6 of 9 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V =V, and current =2 A as follows: P= A=(V,)(24) =(%)(2) =2¥,W Step 7 of 9 Calculate the power ( P,) absorbed or supplied by element 4 having voltage 7 = 20 V and current 1 =2 A asfollows: PsVi R=(20V)(2A) Step 8 of 9 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of Vv, as follows: Fav t Py thay sRt Rt ak, 24 +41, +48 = 8432+ 2,440 wv, =8 V,=4V Step 9 of 9 Calculate the value of power (B) absorbed or supplied by element 3 in the circuit as follows: Rvs =(4V)(2 4) =(4)(2) =8W Therefore, the sign of power (P,) is positive and so the element 3 absorbs the power ofStep 1 of 8 1 - 39p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.39 in the text book. Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent current source having voltage ¥ =12 V and current J =4/, A as follows: P=¥{(-/) Pu, =(12 V\(-4z, A) =(12)(-47,) =-481, W Step 2 of 8 Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V = 4 V and current 141, A as follows: P=VE A=(4V) (41, A) =(4)(47,) =161, W Step 3 of 8 Calculate the power ( P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V =8 V and current 1=4A as follows: P=VI P= (8V)(44) =(8)(4) =32W Step 4 of 8 Calculate the power (Py) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source having voltage V =12 V anc current J =4 A as follows: P=V(-/) =(I2V)(-4A) =(12)(-4) =-48W Step 5 of 8 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V = 20 V and current 1=2 A as follows: =(20)(2) =40W Step 6 of 8 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 4 having voltage ¥ = 20 V and current 1=1, A as follows: P=VI 2.=(20V)(I, A) =(20)(7,) = 201, W Step 7 of 8 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of /, as follows: Put Pay = Rt Rt hth, 48/, +48 = 167, +32+ 40+ 20/, 127, = 24 1,=2A Step 8 of 8 Calculate the value of power (P) absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the circuit as follows Rav (al) =(4.V)(4)(2 A) =(4)(4)(2) =32W Therefore, the sign of power ( P’) is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of [32 WStep 1 of 7 1. 40p Consider the circuit in Figure P1.40 given in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by 9 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V=9V and current 7 =2 A as follows: RyaWl =@V)(24) =(9}(2) =18W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (2) absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ in the circuit having voltage 7 =12V and current J =2 A as follows: R= =(12V)(2A) Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (Py) absorbed or supplied by 24 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V =24¥ and current 7 =2 A as follows: Pay ¥(-I) =(24V)(-2A) =(24)(-2) =-48 W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power ( R) absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ in the circuit having voltage V = ¥, and current J =2 A as follows: Ravi =(V)(2A) =, Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element ‘3’ in the circuit having voltage V =16 Y anc current J =2 A as follows: Ravi =(16 V)(2A) =(16)(2) =32W Step 6 of 7 Calculate the power (PR, ,) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V=12V and current ¢ =2 A as follows: Fave v(-1) =(12V)(-2) =(12)(-2) =-24W Step 7 of 7 According to Tellegen’s theorem the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of V, as follows: Pay t Riv Ry tht RrR 484 24=18424+2V, +32 2V,=-2 V,=-1¥ Therefore, by using Tellegen’s theorem, the value of V, is [=1 V]Step 1 of 8 1. 4lp Consider the circuit in Figure P1.41 given in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (P,, y) absorbed or supplied by 24 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =24V andcurent J =2 A as follows: Pay =V(-1) = (24 V)(-2 A) =(24)(-2) =-48 W Step 2 of 8 Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by 4 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V=4YV andcurrent y =2 A as follows: PByaVi =(4V)(2 A) =(4)(2) =8W Step 3 of 8 Calculate the power (P,,) absorbed or supplied by 8 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V =8 V and current { =2 A as follows: Ryall =(8 V)(2 A) =(8)(2) =16 W Step 4 of 8 Calculate the power (P,,) absorbed or supplied by 2 A current source in the circuit having voltage V=12V andcurent J =2 A as follows: PaV(-1) =(12 V)(-2 A) =(12)(-2) =-24W Step 5 of 8 Calculate the power (P, , ) absorbed or supplied by 18 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =18 V and current J = J, as follows =Vi =(18 VY.) =(18)(.) =18f, W R, Step 6 of 8 Calculate the power (Ray) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =12 V and current f =/, as follows: Pav=(-2) =(2V)(-4,) =(12)(-f,) =-121,W Step 7 of 8 Calculate the power (PP ,) absorbed or supplied by 6 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V =6 V and current J = J, as follows: Ry =(6V)(4.) =(6)(4.) =61,W Step 8 of 8 According to Tellegen's theorem the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of J, as follows: Pav t Pattaya Py thy thay thy 484244121, =84+16418/, +61, 127, =48 La4A Therefore, by using Tellegen’s theorem, the value of J, isStop 1 of 7 1. 42p Consider the circuit in Figure P1.42 given in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (2, ) absorbed or supplied by 10 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V =10 V and current 7 =3 A as follows: Poy =V =(10V)(3A) =(10)(3) =30W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by § V_ voltage source in the circuit having voltage V¥ =6 V andcurrent { =3 A as follows: Ry =v =(6V)() =(6)(3) =18W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (2 ,) absorbed or supplied by 9 A current source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =16V and current J =9 A as follows: By =V(-1) =(16 V)(-9 A) =(16)(-9) =-144W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (2, ) absorbed or supplied by V, voltage source in the circuit having voltage V = V, and current { = 6 A as follows: (A,)=” =(¥s)(6 A) =(%e)(5) =6V, W Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (Rv) absorbed or supplied by 8 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V =8V and current J =6 A as follows: Rye =(8V)(6A) =(8)(6) =48W Step 6 of 7 According to Tellegen’s theorem the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Py = Poy tRytP, +By 144 = 30+18+67, +48 6Y, = 144-96 V,=8V Step 7 of 7 Calculate the value of power (2, ) absorbed or supplied by voltage source V, in the circuit having voltage ¥, =8 V and current J = 6 A as follows: A, abst =(8v)(64) =(8)(6) =48W Therefore, the sign of power (2, ) is positive and so the voltage source V, absorbs the power of [48 WStep 1 of 1 1. 43p Consider the circuit given in Figure P1.26 in the text book. Calculate value of current J, in the considered circuit having power p supplied by element B by using the formula P= VJ . Substitute P=72 W ,V =18V . / =/, from the considered circuit and solve for current f, 72 W =(I8 V)(/,) ZW 18 Vv =4A Therefore, the value of current J. i:Step 1 of 1 1. 44p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.23 in the text book. The value of current J flowing in the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1_ I=—2A Figure 1 Calculate value of voltage V, in Figure 1 having power P by using the formula P= 7 . Substitute P=30 W . V =V,. 1 =-2.A from the considered circuit and solve for voltage V, sow =(V,)(-2A) Therefore, the value of voltage V. across the element A isStep 1 of 9 1. 45p Consider the circuit in Figure P1.45 in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (Py, ) absorbed or supplied by 49 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V = 40 V andcurrent J =5 A as follows: Poy =¥(-1) =(40 V)(-5A) = (40)(-5) = -200 W Therefore, the sign of power is negative and so the power supplied by 49 V voltage source is Step 2 of 9 Calculate the power (P, , ) absorbed or supplied by [5 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage V=15 V and current J =1 A as follows: Asy =I =(15 ¥)(I A) =(15)(1) =15 W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by ]5 V voltage source is [5 w] Step 3 of 9 Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by 4 A current source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =30 V and current J = 4 A as follows: Py =(30 V)(4A = (30)(4) =120W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by 4 A current source is Step 4 of 9 Calculate the power (2) absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ in the circuit having voltage ¥ = 5 V and current J =§ A as follows: Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by element ‘1’ is Step 5 of 9 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element '2' in the circuit having voltage ¥ = 5 V and current J =| A as follows: RaW =(V\(1A) =(5)() =SW Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by element ‘2’ is Step 6 of 9 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element ‘3' in the circuit having voltage V =10 V and current J =4 A as follows: RaW =(10V)(4A) =(10)(4) =40W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by element ‘3 is : Step 7 of 9 Caloulate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element ‘4’ in the circuit having voltage ¥ = 5 V and current J =~—3 A as follows: Rav(-1) =(5 V)(-3 A) =(5)(-3) 15 W Therefore, the sign of power is negative and so the power supplied by element ‘4’ is [15 W] Step 8 of 9 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element’ in the circuit having voltage V =10 V anc current =| A as follows: PV =(10 V)(I A) =(10)(1) =10W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the power absorbed by element ‘5 is Step 9 of 9 According to Tellegen’s theorem the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Verify Tellegen’s theorem as follows Povthahsvt ht ht Bek 200+ 15 = 25+5+40+10+120+15 215=215 Therefore, the supplied power is equal to the absorbed power and so Tellegen's theorem is verified.Step 1 of 1 1. 46p Consider the circuit diagram in Figure P1.46 in the text book. Let the power supplied by element ‘5' be P, . According to Tellegen’s theorem the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of B as follows: 50 W+25 W+R =40 W415 W 504+ 25+ PR =40+15 75+ P, =55 B=-20 Therefore, the power supplied by element '5' is [=20 Watts] -Step 1 of 10 2.l£ie Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2PFE-7 in the text book. Caloulate the equivalent resistance R,, of resistors 3 kQ. and 6 kQ connected in parallel in the RR, considered circuit by using the formula R=—=— . R,+R, Substitute R= R,,, R,=3kOQ. Ry =6 kQ considered circuit and solve for Ry GB kQ)(6kQ) 3 kN46 kD _(BkOQ)(6 kQ) ~ 9kQ =2kQ Step 2 of 10 The circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1. 12 kQ 2kQ Figure 1 Step 3 of 10 Calculate the equivalent resistance R,, of resistors R,. R, . R,, connected in series in Figure 1 by using the formula R=R, +R, +R, - Substitute R=R,, R,=4kQ, R,=12kQ, R, =R,, from Figure 1 and solve for Ry Ry =4kQ412KN+R,, =4kQ+12kQ4ZkQ =18kQ Step 4 of 10 Calculate the equivalent resistance R,, of resistors R,, R, connected in series in Figure 1 by using the formula R= R, +R, . Substitute R=R,,. R, =6kQ, R, = 3 kQ from Figure 1 and solve for Ry: R,, =6kN+3kQ =9kO Step 5 of 10 Calculate the equivalent resistance Rn of resistors Ry and Ry connected in parallel in Figure 1 by using RR, wt R the formula R= Substitute R=R,,. Ry =18kQ. R, =9 kQ and solve for Ryp - pn, - Ra)(Re) Rat Re _(18kQ)(9 kQ) ~18kQ4+9kQ _ (18 kQ)(9 kQ) ~ 27kQ =6k2Q Step 6 of 10 The circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. Step 7 of 10 Ry P. Figure 2 Step 8 of 10 Calculate the value of current /, in the circuit of Figure 2 by using Ohm's law { = . Substitute J=/,, V=-12 V. R=6k2Q+6 kQ from Figure 2 and solve for current f, . Step 9 of 10 R, Calculate the current 7, in Figure 1 by using the current division formula 7, ly = }. . + , +R, Substitute J= J, , R,=R, +R, +R,,. R, =R, +R, ftom Figure 1 and solve for current J, I (exten ) UR AR FR) +(R+R)) 6kQ+3 kD (a KQ412 kN42 may KQ46 a) mA) {28} =-0.33 mA Step 10 of 10 Calculate the value of current /, in Figure 2PFE -7 in the text book by using current division rule &), R+R, Substitute J=7,, R,=3kQ. R,=6 kQ from Figure 2PFE-7 in the text book and solve for f, . 6k b(t ea) mA) = (SE }(-03 mA) = (0.667)(-0.33 mA) =-0.22 mA Therefore, the value of current /, is 0.22 mA and the correct option is [a] .Step 1 of 2 2. Tp The voltage across any branch is distributed among the network elements connected in series in the branch. If a number of components are connected in parallel, the voltages across all the components are same. The current in a branch remains same even though it passes through the network elements connected in the branch. When a number of components are connected in parallel, the current divides itself depending on the branch impedances. Refer to Figure P2.7a in the textbook. In the past, the lights were connected in series. In series connection, the current remains the same, and the voltage is equally distributed. The lights will not have a voltage equivalent to the source voltage. The voltage across the each light depends upon the number of lights connected serially. If the number of lights connected is increased, the lights would decrease their intensity and would become dimmer. Step 2 of 2 Refer fo Figure P2.7b in the textbook Now, the lights are connected in parallel. In parallel connection. the voltage remains same, and the current is equally distributed. The voltage across all the lights is the same. Even though the number of lights. connected is increased in parallel, the voltage across each bulb is same and all the lights will glow with equal intensity (intensity would not decrease). Another reason for this change is, in Figure P2.7a if a light gets damaged or if the connection of a light is cut, then, all the lights would stop glowing. This would not be in the case of Fig P2.7b because, if one bulb is damaged, the remaining would not be effected as they are connected across the same terminals (paralle)). Therefore, the reason for this change is in Figure P2.7b, the lights glow with more brightness as compared to those connected in Figure P2.7a for the same voltage applied across the input terminals.Step 1 of 4 2.8e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.8 in the text book. Consider the circuit shown in Figure 4 to calculate V,, which is redrawn from Figure E2.8 as follows: a b c Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the path afeda to calculate voltage V,, as follows: Va=6V+8V412V =26 V Therefore, the value of F,, is [2 Step 3 of 4 Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2 to calculate V,, which is re drawn from figure E2.8 as follows: a b c Figure 2 Step 4 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the path bcdeb to calculate voltage V, as follows: ¥y=12 V-6V+4V =10V Therefore, the value of V, is |10 ¥|Step 1 of 3 2.8fe Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2PFE-8 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series by using the formula R= R, +R, Substitute R= Rey, R, =3kQ, R, =1kO and solve for Ry, Ry, =3KQ41kQ =4kO Calculate the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series by using the formula R = R, + R, . Substitute R= Ry, R,=2kQ, R, =6kO and solve for Ry Ry =2kQ+6kQ =8kQ , , ; ; RR, Calculate the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula & = R R + eT, Substitute R= Rp. R, =6kQ., R, =12 kQ and solve for Rp, - _ (6 kQ)(I2 kQ) © 6kQ+12 KQ _(6kO)(12 kQ) ~ 18kQ 24kQ Ry Step 2 of 3 The considered circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Calculate the value of current /, flowing through R,, by using the current division formula I, Ry), R,+R, Substitute /,=/,, R,= Rs. Ry = Rey + Rp,» 1=24 mA from Figure 1 and solve for current J, . (Rs2+Rn)+ Rs, (mae mA) 1, aa} mA) (8 kO+4 KO) +4 KO =(0.25)(24 mA) =6mA Step 3 of 3 The same current J, is flowing through 6 kQ resistor having V, by using the Ohm's law V = IR . Substitute V=V,, 1 =6 mA . R=6kQ and solve for voltage V, - ¥,=(6 mA)(6k2) =36V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the considered circuit is 36 Vand so the correct answer is option Ie] -Stop 1 of 3 Refer to Figure P2.8 in the text book. Determine the value of current, J, in the network Apply Kirchhoff voltage law at node-A in the network. 54441, =2+8 941, =10 R=lA Thus, the value of current, J, is Step 2 of 3 Determine the value of current, J, in the network Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law at node-B in the network. 3=64+1, +], ie+t,=-3 Substitute | A for J,in the equation 1+, =-3 La4a Thus, the value of current, J, is Step 3 of 3 Determine the value of current, J, in the network. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law at node-C in the network. 1,4+8=1,4+4 L=1,+4 Substitute 4 A for J, in the equation. 1y=-444 L=0A Thus, the value of current, J, isStep 1 of 2 2.9e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.9 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff’ voltage law to the loop abcda to calculate voltage (¥,) across resistor R, as follows: ¥, +¥,, +10¥, -12 V=0 IW, =12-¥,, IV, =12-1V ¥=1V Step 2 of 2 Now apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop bedb to calculate voltage (V,,) as follows: ¥,, +10V,, —Vyy=0 Vig = Vy, +10¥, =1V+10(1 V) =v Therefore, the value of V,, iStep 1 of 2 2.9fe Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2PFE-9 in the text book. The node voltage for the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. V, 12 22 WY) 1) Ie 2A Figure 1 Apply Kirchhoff current law at the node ¥, in Figure 1 and solve. yy, 2+ 44st <0 ween) 42) 2% 4(4) Kg 4°44 "4 2V,+V, =16-8 Y=267V Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage Y, in Figure 1 by using voltage division formula V, = (Ze) . + ath, Substitute V,=V,. R, =3Q., R, =1Q., ¥ =2,67 V from Figure 1 and solve for V, y, -(sa2 aes v) -(3}e6n =(0.75)(2.67) =2V Therefore, the value of voltage V. in the circuit is 2 Y and so the correct answer is option .Step 1 of 3 Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.10 in the text book. The nodes and current flow directions in the branches of the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. A B Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Let J, be the current flowing through the resistor in between the nodes A and B. Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node B and calculate the value of /, . 6mA+4 mA =10mA Step 3 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node A and calculate the value of J, . 1,41, =20mA 1,=20mA-1, =20 mA-10 mA =10mA Therefore, the value of current /, isStep 1 of 3 2.10e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.10 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit and calculate current ef ) value as follows: (80 kQ)(7) +12 V+(40 kQ)(1)-6 V=0 (80x10? + 40x10")(7) =-12+6 j= —So_ 120x 10° 7 =-0.05 mA Therefore, the value of current (7) flowing in the circuit is [0.05 ma] - Step 2 of 3 Calculate the voltage (V} across 40 kQ resistor as follows: V=IR =(-0.05 mA)(40 kQ) = (-0.05x107)(40x10") =-2V Step 3 of 3 Now apply the Kirchhoff law to the loop bedb to calculate voltage V,, as follows: Vy =12V-2V =10V Therefore the value of voltage, V,, is |19 VI -Step 1 of 5 2.10fe Refer to figure 2PFE-10, Replace the series combination of resistors §Q and 2¢ resistor with their equivalent resistance given by Ry =8+2 Ry = 102 10 ty I, av C 3Q 100 102 Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 Replace the series combination of resistors 10Q, and 10 resistor with their equivalent resistance given by 10x10 Re 39 Rg = 5A. Figure 2 Step 3 of 5 Replace the series combination of resistors 14 and §Q resistor with their equivalent resistance given by R= 1+5 Ry = 62 av) 62 Figure 3 Step 4 of 5 Equivalent resistance of the circuit R,, is given by (6x3) R, =1+—— “ 6+3 Rg =3Q Total current J, delivered by the 12 V source is given by 12 ios 73 1,54 19 Ir I, by 30 62 Figure 4 Step 5 of 5 Apply current division rule between 3 ohms and 6 ohms resistors to find J, Thus, the current J, isStep 1 of 1 2. LOp Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.11 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff current law at the top node in the considered circuit and solve for current J, 6mA+2 mA =8mA Therefore, the value of current J, isStep 1 of 5 2.lle Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 as follows: a b V c Figure 4 Step 2 of 5 Let 7 be the current flowing in the circuit. Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop ada to calculate current J flowing in the circuit as follows: -1(20 kQ) =P, 1(20x10*) =3 V 120,15 mA Step 3 of 5 Calculate the voltage (V,) across 25 kQ resistor as follows: ¥, =(-0.15 mA)(25 kQ) = (-0.15%10"}(25x10") =-3.75 V Step 4 of 5 Calculate the voltage (V,) across 15 kQ resistor as follows: V, =(-0.15 ma)(15 kQ) =(-0.15x107)(15x10") =-2.25 V Step 5 of 5 Now, apply Kirchhoff voltage law to loop abcda to calculate V, as follows: Vi, HV, th 4¥, V5 =Vay-WnV =3 V-(-3.75 V)-(-2.25 V) =9V Therefore, the value of ¥, isStep 1 of 2 2. lip Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.13 in the text book. The nodes and current flow directions in the branches of the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for current f, 1, +12 mA=4mA 1,4 mA~-12 mA =-8 mA Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, . 14+1,=2mA 1,-8 mA=2 mA f,=2mA+8 mA =10 mA Therefore, the value of current J, is[10 mAStop 1 of 3 2.12e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.12 given in the text book. Calculate the value of /, passing through R, = 40 k& by using the current division formula given in equation 2.19 in the text book having J =16 mA and R, =120 kQ as follows: ‘ “(at)” -( 120k 40 k&2+ 120 kA =(0.75)(16x10) =12mA Jos mA) Therefore, the value of current /, is Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of /, passing through R, = 120 kQ by using the current division formula given in equation 2.20 in the text book having J =16 mA and R, = 40 kQ as follows: be (ata) “a wari als ma) = (0.25)(16x10") =4mA The current leaving from the bottom node of 16 mA should equal to the current entering in 40 ko resistor and 120 kQ resistor. So the sign of current J, should be negative to enter into 120 kQ. Therefore, the value of current J, is Step 3.0f 3 Calculate the power (Piy4q) absorbed by R, = 40 KO as follows: in) Porn =(1)(R,) =(12 mA)’ (40kQ) =(144x10")(40) =5.76W Therefore, the power absorbed by 40 kQ) resistor isStop 1 of 4 2. 12p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.16 in the text book. The nodes and current flow directions in the branches of the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. a Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Let ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ be the nodes as shown in Figure 1. Let the current /, flowing in the circuit between the nodes ‘a’ and ‘b’ Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’ and calculate the value of current J, 1e4mAes ma 75 MAq4 mA =1mA Step 3 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘b’ and calculate the value of current J, . 441,43 mA =2 mA i,+1mA+3 mA =2 mA Therefore, the value of current J, is Step 4 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘c’ and calculate current 7, as follows: Therefore, the value of current J, isStep 1 of 5 2.13e Consider the circuit shown in figure E2.13 in the text book. Calculate the total resistance (2) value of 4 kQ and 12 kQ resistors that are connected in parallel. “4 a-(hoech) 4k" 12K ((2.5x10*)+(8.33%10")) ' 1 3.23310") 3k Step 2 of 5 Add the current sources algebraically and find the value of resultant current (7) P=6mA-4 mA =2mA Step 3 of 5 Thus, the circuit of Figure E2.13 is reduced as follows: Figure 1 Step 4 of 5 From Figure 1 the circuit (,)) is flowing through the resistor R, = 6 kQ Apply current division rule of equation 2.20 in the text book calculate the value of i . R n={ ao R+R -(3t ale mA) ‘Gator = 0,667 mA Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of power (P) absorbed by resistor (R,) of 6kQ. P=ER, =(-0.667 mA) (6 k2) =(-0.667x10") (6x10") =2.67 mW Therefore, the power absorbed 6 kQ by resistor is [2.67 mW] -Step 1 of 2 2. 1L3p Refer to Figure P2.18 in the textbook. Represent the nodes and redraw the circuit. a b Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘a’ and calculate the value of current, J, 1,+3mA=12 mA 1,212 mA-3 mA =9mA Therefore, the value of current, F, is, . Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ and calculate the value of current, /, . Therefore, the value of current, J, is, Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘c’ and calculate the value of current, L i,4+1,4+12mA=0 1,-2mA+12 mA =0 (since, 7, =-2 mA) 1,+10mA=0 I 10 mA Therefore, the value of current, i, is,Step 1 of 4 2.14e Refer to Figure E2.14 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R) of resistors 3kQ and 6 kM connected in series as follows: R=3kKQ+6k2 =9kQ Step 2 of 4 The resistor R, is in parallel to 18 kQ resistance. Calculate the equivalent resistor (R, ) as follows: R,=R||18kQ R)(18 kQ) R,+18kQ _ (9 k)(18k2) 9kQ+18 kQ =6kO Step 3 of 4 Now, the circuit is reduced to as shown in Figure 1 A 6kQ R, Ras 10kQ B Figure 1 Step 4 of 4 Calculate the total equivalent resistance (R,,) of circuit in Figure 1 as follows: Ryy = 6 KQ+ Ry +10 kQ = 6KQ4+6K2+10 kD =22kQ Therefore, the equivalent resistance at the terminals A-B in the network is [99 kQ] -Step 1 of 2 2.14p Step 2 of 2 Apolying ECL at node 2, i, +10m —5i,—2m=0 Bm-41,=0 47, = 8mStop 1 of 6 2.15e Refer to Figure E2.15 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R) of resistors 4 kQ and § k& that are connected in series as follows: R= 4kQ4+8kQ =12kQ Step 2 of 6 The resistance R, = 12 kQ is in parallel to 12 kQ resistor and 3 kQ resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R, ) by as follows: 1 1 Ly a (pista aT) = ((83.33%10*) + (83.3310) +(3333x10*)) 1 = (4.99x10") =2kQ Step 3 of 6 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1. Ao Ras —_— 6kQ Bo Figure 1 Step 4 of 6 Calculate the equivalent resistance (R) of resistors 4 kQ and R, that are connected in series in Figure 1 Ry=4 KOR, =4kN+2kQ 26k Step 5 of 6 Now, the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Stop 6 of 6 Calculate the total equivalent resistance (Rs) from Figure 2 for resistors 6 kQ. and R, connected in parallel as follows: Ray = 61 Ry _ (6 K2)(6 2) "6 k2+6kQ (6x10°)(6x10°) =3kQ Therefore, the value of equivalent resistance at terminals A-B in the circuit is [3 kQ]Step 1 of 1 2. 1L5p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.14 in the text book. According Kirchhoff current law the currents flowing at any node is equal to currents leaving from the same node. Apply Kirchhoffs current law to the considered circuit and solve for current I, value. 2,-4 mA +12 mA~/,-3/, =0 21, =-8 mA 21, =8 mA 1,=4mA Therefore, the value of current /. is |4 mA|Step 1 of 10 2.16e Refer to Figure E2.16 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R) of resistors 2 kQ . 2kQ and 2 kQ that are connected in series as follows: R= 2kQ4+2KQEIKD =6kQ Step 2 of 10 The resistor R, = 6 kQ is in parallel to 6 kQ resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R,) as follows: ri41y (sata) = (6 12)(6 22) © 6KQ4+6KQ (6x10°)(6x10°) © (6x10°) +(6x10°) =3kQ Step 3. of 10 Now, the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1 4kQ 3 kQ Ao Re. ero 4kQ Bo Figure 1 Step 4 of 10 Calculate the equivalent resistance (R,) of resistors 3 kQ and R, =3 kQ that are connected in series in Figure 1. Ry =3kQHR, =3kQ+3kQ =6kQ Step 5 of 10 Now the resistor R, = 6 k&2 and 12 kQ are in parallel connection. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R,) as follows: 1 Ly «-(Gataa) (6 kO) (12k) 12kQ+6kQ __(6x10°)(12x10") © (12x10) +(6x10°) =4kQ Step 6 of 10 Now, the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. Ao 4kQ Ras 8kQ Bo 4kQ 4kQ Figure 2 Step 7 of 10 Calculate the equivalent resistance (R,) of resistors 4 kQ and R, =4 kQ that are connected in series in Figure 2. Re=4kQ4R, =4kQ+4kQ =8kQ Step 8 of 10 Now the resistor Ry and § kQQ are in parallel connection. Calculate the equivalent resistance (R,) as follows: R,=8 kQ|| R, — (8 KQ)(8 kQ) "8 kQ4+8kQ __(8x10°)(8x10") © (8x10°)+(8x10°) =4kO Step 9 of 10 Now, the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 3. A 4kQ Raa, R 4k B 4kQ Figure 3 Step 10 of 10 Calculate the total equivalent resistance (R, 7) from Figure 3 for the series resistors of 4 kQ.. R, and 4.kQ by using equation 2.25 in the text book as follows: Ry = 4 kKQ4R, +4kQ =4kQ4+4kQ44kO =12kQ Therefore, the value of R,, is [12 kQ] -Step 1 of 2 2. 16p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.17 in the text book. The nodes for the considered circuit are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and calculate the value of current [, 4mA+2 mA =6mA Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and calculate the value of current J, . 142,24 mA 1,+(2)(6mA)=4 mA 1,=4mA-12 mA =-8 mA Therefore, the value of current /, is [<8 mAStep 1 of 1 2. Li7p Refer to Figure P2.23 in the textbook. The voltage, ¥, between the nodes b and cis, 6 V. The voltage, V_, between the nodes c and dis 2 V. Calculate the voltage, V,, between the nodes b and d. Va = Vie t Veg =6V42V =8V Therefore, the value of voltage, V,, is, |g Y| -Stop 1 of 6 Refer to Figure E2.18 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents in the circuit as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of voltage across the resistor R, as follows: KahR, =(0.1 mA)(60 kQ) =(0.1x107)(60x10°) =6V Step 3 of 6 2.18e Therefore, the voltage V, across the resistor R, is also equal to 6 V because the voltage is same across the branches in parallel circuit. Now, calculate the current /, in Figure 1 as follows. Step 4 of 6 Apply Kirchhoffs current law and calculate the current i- T=hel, = 0.1 mA +0.05 mA =0.15 mA Step 5 of 6 Now, calculate the voltage (V) across resistor () - V=IR =(0.15 mA)(20 kQ) = (0.15x107)(20x10°) =3V Step 6 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law around the loop formed by ¥, , V and ¥, as follows: V+V-V,=0 3.V46V-V,=0 9V-¥,=0 ¥,=9V Therefore, the value of V, in the circuitis |9 Y] .Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure P2.20 in the textbook. Represent the nodes and redraw the circuit. Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ and calculate the value of current, J, . 27,+4 mA =6 mMA+6 mA 2/, =12 mA-4 mA &mA * 2 =4mA Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ and calculate the value of current, 7, 1,+1,+6mA=0 1, +4mA+6 mA =0 (since, /, = 4 mA) 1,+10mA=0 1,=-10mA Therefore, the value of current, 7, is, 2.18pStep 1 of 6 2.19e Refer to Figure E2.19 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents in the circuit as shown in Figure 1. 90 Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Calculate the current (J,) from Figure 1 having voltage ¥ = 3 V andresistance R, = 30 kQ as follows ot R, _3v © 30kQ =0.1mA L Step 3 of 6 Calculate the voltage ¥, across the resistor R, = 90 kQ having current J, = 0.1 mA in Figure 1 as follows: Kahk, =(0.1 mA)(90 kQ) = (0.1107) (90x10°) =9V Step 4 of 6 The voltage V, across resistor R, is equal to the sum of V, and Yas follows: Step 5 of 6 Calculate current (/,) through resistor R, = 60 kQ as follows: ne R _2V © 60kQ =0.2mA Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of current J, by applying Kirchhoff's current law as follows: feat +l, 20.2 mA+0.1mA .3 mA, Therefore, the value of current J, iStep 1 of 3 2. 19p Refer to Figure P2.21 in the textbook. Represent the nodes and redraw the circuit. Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’. 1,+4mA+2/,=0 1,=-(21,+4mA) Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘b’ and calculate the value of current, J, I,t1,s12mA Substitute the expression for i, -21,-4 mA +1, =12 mA 1, =12 mA+4mA -16 mA Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘c’ and calculate the value of current, f 122,420, =41, =4(-16 mA) (since, J, =-16 mA) =-64mA Therefore, the value of current, J, is, Step 3 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘d’ and calculate the value of current, J, . 1,412 mA=2/, 1,+12mA=2(-16mA) (since, /, =-16 mA} 1, =-32 mA-12 mA =-44 mA Therefore, the value of current, /, is, Substitute the value of J, in the equation of /, . J,3-(20,+4 mA} =-[2(-16 ma)+4 ma] =-(-32 mA+4 mA) =—(-28 mA) 1,=28 mA Therefore, the value of current, J, is,Step 1 of 4 2.20e Refer to Figure E2.20 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing current and voltage in the circuit as shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Calculate the current (7 ) passing through the resistor R connected in parallel across the current sources of 25 mA and 15 mA as follows: 25mA-1SmA =10mA Step 3 of 4 Calculate the voltage Y across the resistor R as follows: V=i,R = (10 mA) (6 kQ) =(10x107)(6x10°) =60V Step 4 of 4 Calculate voltage V, across the resistor R, by using voltage division formula as follows: y, palin R+R, +R -ett v) 3kQ+6 kN+6 kD _( 3x10? (oo =12V Therefore, the value of voltage V, isStep 1 of 2 2. 20p Refer to Figure P2.25 in the textbook. Represent the voltages, V4 and V,, and redraw the circuit. a b c d Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law around the loop _fgabf and calculate the value of voltage, Vy . V¥,=2V+2V-12V =4V-12V =-8V Therefore, the value of voltage, Va is, Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law around the loop edge and calculate the value of voltage, V.. . V.=-3V-3V =-6V Therefore, the value of voltage, V._ is,Stop 1 of 3 2.21le Refer to Figure E2.21 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing current /, as shown in Figure 1. R, 4kQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current J, by using current division formula as follows: -(eeatageR =| —% ___|-1) ar 12kQ (3 kQ)(6 kQ) 6kQ4+3kQ -( rahe? mA) 4kQ4+(2 kD) +12 KD (-9 ma) 4 Lae Je kQ Simplify further. 1210? 3 oleae (P00) =-6mA Step 3 of 3 Calculate the current J, by using current division formula in Figure 1. R, not gem) 6ka =(6 ma\(; kO+6 a) = (-s«10°\(2) =-4mA Therefore, the value of current J, isStep 1 of 11 2 -21lp Refer to Figure P2.27 in the text book for the circuit diagram. Identify the voltages in the circuit diagram. Vy, =16V, Vy 212 V, ¥,, =12 V and K=-8V Step 2 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, (outer loop). Va Vag tha th the thet Vath, Substitute 16 V for V,, 12 V for VW, . -4V for W,. -14V for ¥, . -20V for KW, . 12 V for V, and -8 V for Wy, - V,, =16+12—4—-14-20+12-8 =-6V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, Step 3 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage Vi, . Ve Kg Veg +h, +My Substitute 4 V for V,. 14 V for ¥, . 20 v for V, and -12 v for KW, - Wy =-124+204144+4 =26V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, Step 4 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, Von Vian tu HV te Substitute 12 V for Vy . -4 V for W,,. -14 V for K, and -20 V for ¥, V,,=12-4-14-20 =-26V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,. is, Step 5 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, . Vag = Veg t Vig tha Substitute 16 V for Vy, . 12 V for V,, and -4 V for Ki. V,, =16+12-4 =v Therefore, the value of the voltage Vis, Step 6 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, . Vi =V the th, Substitute -20 V for V,,. 12 V for V,, and -§ ¥ for K, =-20+12-8 =-l6V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, Step 7 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V., . Va Vg +h, Substitute -12 V for K, and 8 V for V,, - V,,=8-12 =4V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, : Step 8 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, Vig = Vag tViq t Vg +V Substitute 8 V for V,, 14 V for V, . 20 V for Vy and -12 V for W, . Vi, =8-12+20+14 =30V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, Step 9 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,, - he aha thy Substitute —4 V for V,, and -14 V for Vy . Vi, =-4-14 =-8V Therefore, the value of the voltage K, is, [18 V Step 10 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V, . Vo Veg +V Substitute -29 V for ¥,, and 12 V for V, . Vo =-20412 =-8V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, Step 11 of 11 Consider the expression for the value of the voltage V,. Vi, = Vy Veg Substitute -6 V for V,, and 4 V for V, . V,,=-6-4 =-10V Therefore, the value of the voltage ¥,. is. [=10 VIStep 1 of 3 2.22e Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 2PFE-2 in the text book. The currents flowing in the loops of the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Let the current {, flowing through the 4 A source. 24a Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the outer loop of the circuit and solve. 10(f, +4,)+5(1, + 1) +152, +107, =0 151, +151, +151, +102, =0 (15)(4)+40/, =0 60+40/, =0 Simplify the expression further. 401, =-60 60 bh=— 740 2-15A Step 3 of 3 Now, apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by nodes a, b and V,, in Figure 1 and solve. Vy = (1, +1,)5+1,(15) = (4-1.5)(3)+(-1.5)(15) =12,5-22.5 =-l0V Therefore, the value of voltage V., in the circuit is —1Q V and so the correct answer is option lal .Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure P2.22 in the text book. Determine the value of voltage V,,. Apply Kirchhoff voltage law in the path BEDCB. Vyg +4=24412=0 Vyp-8=0 Vg =8.V Thus, the value of voltage, V,, is Step 2 of 2 Determine the value of voltage V, ,. Apply Kirchhoff voltage law in the path DABCD. ¥,,-6-12424=0 Vy, + 6=0 Vy, =-6V Thus, the value of voltage, V,,, is[—6 V) 2.22pStep 1 of 4 Refer to figure E2.23 in the textbook. Identify the nodes a and b. Consider V, and Y, as voltages at node a and b . Figure 1 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node a. hah, yh og 4000 10000 6000 12000 yflatabe lt 4 10 6 12) 10 Se6s10+5). th 60 ¥, 10 a) =6r, Step 2 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node b. Kah, 20, 4000 10000 1000 1 saog)*” (aha rae) 5 10000, 4000 10000 1000 ~V,(2)#4(7) _ og -¥,(2)+¥, (7)=-400 -.... @) Step 3 of 4 Substitute equation (1) in equation (2) to find V,, -V,(2)+(67,)(7) =-400 40¥, = -400 ¥,=-10¥ ...... 3) Substitute equation (3) in equation (1) to find V, ¥, =6V, =(6)(-10) =-60V Thus, Nodal voltages V, and Y, are: Step 4 of 4 From the figure E2.23 relation between V,.V, and V,.V, is. Thus, Y, and V, is, ¥,=10V ¥, =-60V" 2.23¢eStep 1 of 3 2 -23p Consider the circuit given in Figure P2.28 in the text book. Figure 1 Step 2 0f 3 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop 1 shown in Figure 1 and calculate V, as follows: 6 V-12 V4¥,-4V=0 V,-22V=0 V,=2V Therefore the value of V, is [2° Step 3 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop 2 shown in Figure 1 and calculate V, as follows: -6V-¥, +12 V=0 V,+6V=0 V,=6V Therefore the value of F, is [6 V]Step 1 of 5 2.24e (a) Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 as follows: a 10mA 4mA [, Figure 1 Step 20f5 Calculate the value of current J, by using Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ as follows: 4mA+/,=10mA 1,=10mA-4mA =6mA Therefore, the value of current, /, is Step 3 0f5 (b) Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2 as follows: Figure 2 Stop 4 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’ as follows: heh+3mA (1) Apply Kirchhotfs current law at node ‘b’ as follows: h+4mA=12mA 1,212 mA-4mA =8mA Therefore, the value of current, /, is Step 5 of 5 Now substitute the value of J, in equation (1) and solve for J, as follows: 1,+3mA =8mA 1, =8mA—3mA mA Therefore, the value of current, /, isStop 1 of 3 2.24p The given circuit is, nv) Step 2 of 3 Given Fy = 20 Therefore voltage across the dependent source is Fhe =, Vy, = 3x2 Vig OW Step 3 of 3 For finding ¥, we can apply KVL across the closed loop ‘cabc’ Vz, -4-3¥, =0 Vag = 4430, Vag =446 Vi, =10 ie, ovStep 1 of 4 2.25e Refer to Figure E2.25 in the text book. Draw the modified circuit with the nodes a, b and c is as shown in Figure 1. a ¢ Figure 1 Stop 2 of 4 Refer fo Figure 2.35 for delta and wye resistance networks in the text book. Apply Wye to delta transformation between nodes a, b and c. Determine the resistance between nodes a and c. LRRARR ARR ’ R Substitute 12 kQ for R, . 12 kQ for R, and 12 kQ for R, in the equation. (12 k)(12 k)+ (12 k)(12 k) +(12 k)(12 k) a Rk =I2k4+12k+12k =36kQ Determine the resistance between nodes a and b. RR FRR ARR, p= REBAR ARA, Substitute 12 kQ for R, . 12 kQ for R, and 12 kK for R, in the equation. (12 k)(12 k)+(12 k)(12.k)+(12 k) (12 k) he 12k a12k+12k+12k =36k2 Determine the resistance between nodes b and c. pe tRR RR, R. Substitute 12 kQ for R, . 12 kQ for R, and 12 kQ for R, in the equation. (12.k)(12 k) + (12 k)(12 k) + (12k) (12 &) A RR 212 k+12k+12k =36kQ Step 3 of 4 The modified circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2. a 36 kQ 12kQ 4mA(t) 36k b 36 ko 12kQ c Figure 2 In Figure 2, the 36 kQ and 12 kQ resistors are in parallel. R=(36k)II(12 k) _ 66) (12k) 36k+12k =9kQ The modified circuit diagram is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Step 4 of 4 Apply current division rule to find the value of current, J, - . 36k 1, =(4x10°)( 22 _ = (4 (acta) = ema 3 Determine the value of voltage across the 9 kqQ resistor in Figure 3. %=(F)(9k) (819° -(Sx10 Jo 10°) =24V Thus, the value of output voltage. ¥, is[24 VIStep 1 of 3 2. 25p -IV+ 4 - Rav + e+Iv- d Step 2 of 3 Applying EVL around loop adea, Poa t Mag + heq =O Fea = Mae — Kea Mog = Meat Mae Pog = Vag ¥, Vig =1+4(2) Vong =9 Hence |¥,z=9 V Step 3 of 3 Applying KVL around loop ceabe , Veet Fea +Vay thy = Veg = AV, + Vig t Vg ¥,,=4(2)+1+2Step 1 of 2 2.2/le Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.27 in the text book. Calculate the value of voltage V, across the resistor in the circuit by using Ohm's law 7 = JR - Substitute ¥=V,. R=4kQ and solve for V, ¥,=1(4kQ) Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the circuit and solve for current J . ~6+V, -2V, +8ki =0 ~6-V, +8k/ =0 Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage V, in the circuit by using Ohm's law 7 = JR Substitute V =V, , nd A. R=8kQ and solve for voltage V, . v.-($4 (610) -(6A)(29) =12V Therefore, the value of voltage V. in the circuitis |12 Y] -Step 1 of 7 2 -2/p Refer to Figure E2.26 in the text book. Draw the modified circuit with the nodes a, b and c is as shown in Figure 1. a 18Q 18 Q c b OX 122Q 62 I; Figure 1 Step 2 of 7 Refer to Figure 2.35 for delta and wye resistance networks in the text book. Apply delta to wye transformation between nodes a, b and c. Let, R,=18Q R,=18Q R,=18Q Determine the value of resistance, R, . R=-—ae _ R+tR +R Substitute 18 Q for R,, 18 Q for R, and 18 Q for R, in the equation. pn ~(18)(18) 18 +18 +18 =62 Step 3 of 7 Determine the value of resistance, R, - RRs Re +R Substitute 18 Q for R,, 18 Q for R, and 18 Q for R, in the equation. )(18) 8418418 262 R Determine the value of resistance, R, . R, = RR R+R, +R, Substitute 18 Q for R,. 18 Q for R, and 1% Q for R, in the equation. -£18)(18) 18418418 =60 Step 4 of 7 The simplified circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2. a 6a (1) 12Q Figure 2 Step 5 of 7 In Figure 2, the resistors 12 ( and 6Q are in series. Thus the equivalent resistance is, R=12+6 =18Q In Figure 2, the resistors 6 @ and 6Q are in series. Thus, the equivalent resistance is, R=6+6 =12Q Step 6 of 7 The simplified circuit diagram is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Step 7 of 7 Apply current division rule to calculate the value of current J, . h=-h --0(525) =-12A Thus, the value of current, 7, isStep 1 of 3 2.28e Refer to Figure E2.28 in the textbook. Voltage across 6 kg) resistor is V, . Thus, Voltage at the top node is V, . Draw the modified circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff Current Law at top node for the circuit shown in figure 4 we 2x19 20 ~anho 6000 " 3000 ¥.( aoa spo) (stag ! }- 2x10? 000 * 3000) *| 2000 A ~1 (as =2x10? 2000) ~’°\ 2000 VV y 24 on (MN) * Node voltage V, appears across series combination of 1 kQ and 2 kQ resistors. Apply voltage divisior rule in the branch to find vy =v (2% Tk+2k Step 3 of 3 Substitute equation (2) in equation (1) to find V7, . v2.04 3 hug 3 V,212V Substitute ¥, in equation (2) to find ¥, 2 Ke 3” Qv Therefore, the output voltage, Ff, I =8VStep 1 of 2 2. 28p Consider the circuit of Figure P2.31 given in text book. Let J be the current flowing in the circuit and V, = 2V, , also V, = 4/7 . Therefore from the circuit the voltage V, is given as follows: V, = 2142, V,=-25 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the circuit and solve for current 7 as follows: 124+, -4¥, +214 2V,=0 12-37, +V,=0 12-3(41)+(-27)=0 1=0,857 A Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage V, as follows: -u -2)(0.857 A) =(-2)(0.857) =-1,714V Calculate the value of voltage V, as follows: v=, =(2)(-1.714) =-3.428 V Therefore the value of voltage V. is |_3.438 Y| .Step 1 of 2 2.29e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.29 in the text book. Let 7 be the current flowing in the circuit in clockwise direction, Now, the value of V, in the circuitis 57 - Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the considered circuit and solve for current 7 . —12+410k/ + 2V, + 5k/+36+V, =0 15k/ +3, = -36 +12 15k/ +3(SkI 15k/ +15k/ = -24 Simplify the expression further. 30k/ = -24 24 T=3y, 4 Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage V, v,=(SkQ)! 724 =(5kQ! ( (sie 4) =-4V Calculate the value of voltage FV, by using Kirchhoffs voltage law. V,=2V,+(SkQ)E =(2)(-4 V)+(5kQ =(2y(-4v)+(s40( 2) =-8V+(-4V) =-12V Therefore, the value of voltage ¥, in the circuit is [=]2 V] -Step 1 of 2 2. 29p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.34 given in the text book. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by 12 V voltage source, 4 V voltage source, V, and calculate the value of V, as follows: “12 V+4V4¥,=0 V,-8V=0 v,=8V Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the loop formed by voltage ¥, , 4V, dependent current source, 4 V voltage source and calculate the value of V, as follows: -V,-4V,-4V=0 V,44(8V)-4V=0 V,4+32-420 V,=-28V Therefore the value of F, is |~; Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop formed by ay, dependent current source, 6 V voltage source, voltage ¥, and calculate the value of V, as follows: AV, +6V+V,=0 4(8 V)+6V+V,=0 32+6 V+¥,=0 ¥,=-38V Therefore the value of V, is Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V, . V, , V, and calculate the value of V, as follows: -V,+K-¥,=0 W=V,+¥, =8V-38V =-30V Therefore the value of P, isStep 1 of 2 2.30e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.30 in the text book. Let J be the current flowing in the circuit in clockwise direction Now, the value of voltage Y, in the circuitis (-/)(8 kQ) Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit and solve for current J —0.5V, + 4k/ +18-V, -50+8k/ =0 -1.SV, +12kI =50-18 —(1.5)(-8k/) + 12kr = 32 V2ki +12kF = 32 Simplify the expression further. 24k/ =32 Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage V, in the circuit. ¥, =(-1)(8 kQ) (Ze ka) ay 3 Now, apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the right hand side loop in the considered circuit and solve for V, . ¥,=18-¥, -504+8kI a (F *)+60(3r) 2324222 _ -(9y(o0)192432 3 Simplify the expression further.Step 1 of 2 I2ka + Ky oka Wea3V a Stop 2 of 2 Giver, ¥ =3V inthe circuit diagram, By Voltage Division rule, Y= _ (9k +12K) Hence, y, = 7, Cate ok 2k 5-0) Vya7¥ Hence [7% =7V 2.30pStep 1 of 4 2.3le Refer to Figure E2.31 in the textbook. Consider Voltage at top node as V. Replace the parallel combination of two resistors § kQ and 10 kQ connected in parallel with their equivalent resistance. 5kx10k k]}10k)= (SkIl10 k) 5k+H10k =50k 15 = ko 3 =3,33 kQ Step 2 of 4 Draw the modified circuit diagram. 10mA(f) (ty 2k Wd) 333kQ Figure 1 Step 3 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff current law at top node. —10x10" —27, + 43x103+ =o 2000 3333 1 3 ta | 2 (7x107) 424, "sao" 3333 =(rx10")+ o In the Figure 1, the current ], flows from reference node to top node. Equation for current 7, flowing in the 3.33 k Resistor is, Stop 4 of 4 Substitute equation (2) in equation (1) to find voltage at top node V. Vast sale (7=10°)+ - a) Ty 2 Lage 2000 * 3333 * 3333, v[1.4x107]= 7107 VasV Substitute 5 V for V in equation (2) to find current 7, 5 13335 =-0.0015 =-1.5mA Thus, the value of current 7, is [=1.5 mA\Step 1 of 5 The given circuit is, 4K 12V 2k 6v(*) 6k 3kQ 3kQ Step 2 of 5 Let Z be the current in the loop, 6 4k g BY , 2kQ + € 3kQ d 3kQ. Step 3 of 5 Applying KVL around loop abcdefga , Tag Vie + Vag + Vigg + Veg +Vpq + Vqq =O I(4k) + 6+ 7(3k) + I(3k) + I(6k)+ 7(2k)-12=0 I(4k +6k+3k+3k+2k)=12-6 _ 6 18k 1 I=_mA 3 Step 4 of 5 Therefore power by 12V source is, Boy =-¥E fy =-(12)(3m] Ray =- 4m Since the power is negative, the power supplied by the 12 V source is dmW. Roy = 4mW (supplied) Step 5 of 5 Therefore power by 6V source is, By =V1 By =(6) (=) Ry =2m Since the power is positive, the power absorbed by the 6 V source is 2mW. By =— 2mW (supplied) 2.31pStep 1 of 1 2.32e Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.32 in the text book. The voltage across every branch in the circuit is equal to V, So, the value of current /, in the circuit is, Y 4kQ Now, apply Kirchhoff’s current law at the top node of the considered circuit and solve for voltage V, . ¥, f,-6m+— -0.5/, + * 6k * ost, +7ae os i wee 6m (3)(0.5)(¥,) 3%, _ Tak "12k °™ implify the expression further. SY, +3¥, =(6m)(12k) 45V,=72 y2-2 45 ¥,=16V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the circuit is |16 Y| .Step 1 of 3 2. 32p Refer to Figure P2.33 in text book. The power absorbed by 1V source is 2.5 mW . that is current is entering through the positive terminal P=VI 1-2 v _ 2.5x10% ~ 10 =0.25 mA Draw the circuit diagram with current, J . 2kQ a 2v, 3kQ 20 V, Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law for left side loop. 10+(5k)(/)-20+(2k)(/)-%,, =0 (7k)(/)-10-¥,, =0 (7k}(0.25 m)-10-¥,, =0 1.75-10-¥,, =0 -8.25-V,, =0 Vy, =-B.25V Therefore, the voltage. V,, is [=8.25 V] - Step 3 of 3 Calculate the voltage across 10 kQ resistor. ¥, =-(10k)(2) = ~-(10k)(0.25m) =-25V Calculate the power absorbed by the dependent voltage source. Py, =~(2¥,)(1) Substitute -2,5 V for ¥, and 0,25 mA for 7 Py =-(2(-2.5))(0.25m) = 1.25 mW Therefore, the power absorbed by the dependent voltage source, Py is [1.25 mW]Step 1 of 7 2.33e Refer to Figure E2.33 in the text book. Given power supplied by the 3-A current source is 12 W. The given circuit with voltage notations is as shown below, Step 2 of 7 Figure | Step 3 of 7 The power supplied by the 3. current source is, Py h x3 12=V, x3 12 == 3 V,=4V Using Ohm's law, V,=3x4 =12V Step 4 of 7 From above circuit, The voltage across § © resistor is 10 V Le V,=10V From Ohm's law, ot 3 mm) 5 122A 4 Step 5 of 7 Applying KVL in the top loop yields, -V, +¥,-¥,=0 -4+12-¥,=0 8-V,=0 W,=8V Now, ie Step 6 of 7 Applying Kirchhoff's current Law at the node 1, we get -3-1,+1,-1, =0 -3-242-1,=0 -3-1, =0 1,=-3A Now, the power supplied by the |Q-V source is, Poy =10x1, Poy =10x(-3) Therefore, the power delivered by the voltage source 10 V is Step 7 of 7 Applying KVL in the bottom center loop. V+ +h, =0 -V,+8+10=0 -V,+18=0 V,=18V Determine the current J, nek 6 -18 6 L=3A Applying Kirchhoffs current Law at the node 2, we get -I,+1,+1,+3=0 —is +34+2+3=0 -1,+8=0 I,=8A Use Ohm's law. We=i,x3 =8x3 V,=24V Applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in the bottom left loop, we get hy +h +h =0 -V, +24418=0 -h, +42=0 Therefore, the value of Y, isStep 1 of 1 2. 33p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.37 in the text book. Let 7 be the current flowing in the circuit. Apply Kirchhoff voltage law in the circuit and calculate current 7 as follows: -12 V+(3 kQ)(7)+(1kO)(7)+4 Ve0 (4x10°)()=8 8 f=— 4x10° =2mA Let V,, be the voltage across the nodes b and d in the circuit. Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by b cd b and calculate the value of voltage V,, as follows: Vy =(1kQ)()+4-V =(Ix10?)(2x107)+4 =2+4 =6V Therefore the value of voltage V,, isStep 1 of 2 2. 34p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.41 in the text book. Let the current 7 flowing in the circuit in clockwise direction. So, by Ohm’s law the value of voltage V, is —(10k)(7) Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the circuit and solve for V, . -25-¥,+5k+4=0 a -25—(-10k/)+5k/ +——— =0 541 (ioaw os om 25+ 1(12.5x10°)=0 Simplify the expression further. 1(12.5x10°) = 25 _ 25 12.5x10° =2mA Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the left hand loop in Figure P2.41 in the text book formed by 25 V . ¥, y,. Calculate the value of voltage, y . -25V-¥,=0 -25-(-10kI)=0 ¥,=25 -((10x10°)(2x10")) =5V Therefore, the value of voltage V, iStep 1 of 2 2. 35p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.44 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit and calculate the value of current J, Oki, -20+4k/, +60+10k/, +2kI, +10k/, =0 32kI, +40=0 Stop 2 of 2 Calculate the power (P) absorbed by dependent source having voltage V = 2000/, and current, P=W1, = (20007, }(1,) = (2000)(-1.25x107)(-1.25x10") =3.125 mW Therefore, the value of power absorbed by dependent source is [3.125 mW]Stop 1 of 3 Refer to Figure P2.36 in the text book. Determine the value of voltage Vy, Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path ABCDEFA. Vy Vy + Ven + V ng, — 364+ V 54 = (12), +(12) +(1%3)-36 + (11) =0 Substitute 3 A for J in the equation. (3x2)-V, +(3%2)+4(3x3)-36+(3x1)=0 6-V, +6+9-36+3=0 -V,-12=0 V,=-12V Thus, the value of voltage, V, i Step 2 of 3 Determine the value of voltage V,,. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path AEFA. Vig -36+V,, =0 Vig -36+(2 x1} =0 Substitute 3 for / in the equation. Vj, -36+(3x1)=0 Vig -364+3=0 Vip =33V Thus, the value of voltage, Step 3 of 3 Determine the value of voltage Vy. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path BCDB. Voy Vy + Vey =O Voy —Vy +(1%2)=0 Substitute 3 A for J and —12 V for V, in the equation. Vey —(-12) + (3x2) =0 Vey +12+6=0 Voy =18 V Thus, the value of voltage, V,,i5 2.36pStep 1 of 3 2. 37p Refer to Figure P2.37 in the text book. Redraw the network by representing loop current in Figure P2.37 as shown in Figure 1. 4 1KQ Bg 4kQ 2kQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current flowing in the network. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path BAEB. Vay + Vag + ¥ py =O (2)(1x10°) + (1)(2*10") + F,, = 0 Substitute 6 Y for ¥,, in the equation. 1(3x10°)+6=0 ! = (3x10°) f=-2mA Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage V,, Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path CBEDCB. Vy + Vey —Veg +V gy = 0 WV, +(1)(4x10?)- Veg +(1)(3x10°)=0 Substitute 6 Y for V,, and—2 mA for fin the equation. -V, +(-2x107)(4x10°)- 6 +(-2x107)(3x 107) =0 -V,-8-6-6=0 ¥,=-20V Thus, the value of voltage, V, isStep 1 of 3 2. 38p Refer to Figure P2.38 in the text book. Redraw the network by representing loop current in Figure P2.38 as shown in Figure 1. 4 3kQ pp 2kQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current flowing in the network. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path BCDEB. Vg +124 Ving —Vap = 0 (1)(2x10°) +12 +(4)(1x10")-V,. =0 Substitute 18 V for V,,.in the equation. (7)(3x10*) + 12-18 =0 6 f=—_ 3x10° 1=2mA Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage Vy . Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path ABEA. Ve + Vig + Veg =O -V, +(1)(3x10°)+¥,, =0 Substitute 18 V for Vy, and 2 mA for jin the equation V, +(22107)(3x10°)+18=0 Ve +6+18=0 V,=24V Thus, the value of voltage, V, isStop 1 of 3 2. 39p Refer to Figure P2.39 in the text book. Redraw the network by representing loop current and nodes in Figure P2.39 as shown in Figure 1 4A 22 pp, 12 ¢ Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current flowing in the network shown in Figure 1. Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law in the path BCDEB. Viye + 124+¥ a, -4=0 ()Q)+12+(4))-4=0 274+8=0 1=-4A Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage V,. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path ABEFA. Vig t A-V,+V,,=0 ()(2)+4-¥, +(1)(2)=0 Substitute 4 A for 7 in the equation. (-4)(2)+4-¥, +(-4)(2)=0 -8+4-V,-8=0 V,=-12V Thus, the value of voltage in the network,Step 1 of 4 2. 40p Refer to Figure P2.40 in the text book. Redraw the network by representing loop current in Figure P2.40 as shown in Figure 1. 1Q 19 Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of current flowing in the network shown in Figure 1 The power absorbed by the 12 V voltage source in the network is, Pay =36W (12)(7) = 36 36 12 1=3A Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of voltage V, Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the network shown in Figure 1 V, = 244(1)(1)+(7)(1)#12=0 Substitute 3 A for 7 in the equation. -V,-244(3)(1)4(3)(I)412=0 -V,-244343412=0 V,=-6V Thus, the value of voltage in the network, F, is Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of unknown resistance. v,=-(1){R) Substitute 3 A for 7 and -6 V for ¥,in the equation ~6=-(3)(R) 6 R= 3 R=2Q Thus, the value of unknown resistance in the network, Ris[? ol.Step 1 of 3 Refer to Figure P2.41 in the text book. Calculate the value of current flowing in the network. ¥x =(1)(2) Substitute —|2 V for V, in the equation -12=(1)(2) 12 [=-—= =-6A Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage V,. Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the network shown in Figure P2.41. (D+ hs +My (1-4 =0 Substitute -§ A for g and —12 V for, in the equation. (-6)(1) +, -12+(-6)(1)-4=0 -6+V,-12-6-4=0 V,=28V Thus, the value of voltage in the network, Vi Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage V,, Yu, =-(0)(0) Substitute —6 A for j in the equation. Yaa =-(-6)(I) =6V Thus, the value of voltage in the network, V,,is|§ YJ. 2.41pStep 1 of 6 2. 42p f ; axe of, Ve Pao by 12v \ ry 1.5¥, ye 3 oka Ta e 3ke é 3ka* Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Let / be the current in the loop as shown in figure 1. Resistors 2k, 6kQ are in series. Replace with 2.) =8kQ between nodes a and ¢. Also resistors 3k, 3kQ are in series, Replace with Ry, = 6k between nodes ¢ and cas shown in figure 2. Step 3 0f6 Figure 2 Step 4 of 6 By Ohm’s Law, Voq = 18K) Since Vi, =I ¥, = I(8k) Step 5 of 6 Applying KVL around loop acefga, Ugg + Vogt Vig + Vip + Veg = 0 (8k) + I(6k)+1.51; + I(4k) +12 =0 I(18k) +1.5(1(8k)) = -12 (from (1) ) IQ8kH2k)=—12 _-12 30k I=-04mA , = (-0.4 m)@k) (from (1) ) ¥.=-32V Step 6 of 6 Power absorbed by the dependent source is, Prarey = 1D Prpsoep = 15C3.2))(-0.4e0) Papsoep =1.92 7 Hence -easDep =1.92 mW|Stop 1 of 4 2. 44p Refer to Figure P2.43 in the text book. Redraw the network by representing nodes in Figure P2.43 as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the network shown in Figure 1 -12+(£)(2)+2V, +24+(1)(4)+()(2)=0 81+2V,+12=0 (1) Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in the path-abfa. (A(2)+4,-12=0 Calculate the value of current flowing in the network. 81 +2(12-21)+12=0 81+24-41 +12=0 Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of voltage V, Substitute —9 A for J in equation (2). V, =12-2(-9) =12418 =30V Thus, the value of voltage in the network, V,is [3 Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of voltage V,. Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law in the path-befb. -V,-¥, +(1)(2)=0 Substitute 39 V for ¥,and —9 A for yin the equation. -30-¥, +(-9)(2)=0 -V,-48=0 V,=-48V Thus, the value of voltage in the network, VisStop 1 of 2 2. 45p Refer to Figure P2.45 in the textbook for the circuit. Apply Kirchhoffs current law to the circuit. 12-2, +(4x10°) 7 +(2x10°)1- 4h, =0 -2V, +(6x10°)1—4y, =12 ...... (1) From the circuit, the voltage V, is, V,=-(2x10°)1 From the circuit, the voltage V, is, V,=(4x10°)7 Step 2 of 2 Substitute -(2x10°)7 for V, and (4x10°)7 for ¥, in equation (1). -2[-(2x10°)]+ (6x10) -4[(4x10*)]=12 (4x10?) 2 + (610° )/-(16x10")7 = 12 -(6x10")/ =12 = 6x10" f=-2mA The power absorbed or supplied by the 12-V source is, Faw = (12) = (12)(-2x107) =-24 mw Since the power obtained is negative, the power is absorbed by the 12-¥ source. Therefore, the power absorbed by the 12-V source isStep 1 of 2 2. 46p Refer to Figure P2.46 in the textbook for the circuit. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the circuit. -2V, +(1x10*) 1-64 (110°) +(2x10)7=0 -2V, 4(4x10°)1=6 we A) From the circuit, the voltage V, is, V,=6-(Ix10°)I Step 2 of 2 Substitute 6- (1x10?) for V, in equation (1) -2[6-(1x10")]+(4x10°)s =6 -12+(2x 10°) +(4x10°) 1 =6 (6x10°)/=18 ree 6x10" f=3mA From the circuit, the voltage V, is, V,=(2x10°)7 = (2*10°)(3x10") =6V Therefore, the voltage, V. is [6 y]Step 1 of 3 2. 4'‘ip Refer to Figure P2.47 in the textbook. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula Re "Ry tR Substitute R, = 6 kQ . R, =3 kQ from Figure P2.47 in the text book and solve for R, (6 kQ)(3 kQ) (6kQ)+(3 kQ) (6 k2)(3 kQ) 9kQ Step 2 of 3 The circuit is reduced as shown in figure 1 12mA 2kQ 4 2 kQ 1, Figure 1 Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of current J, by using current division formula -( aA ). +k, Substitute =12 mA . R,=2kQ. R, =R, from figure 1 and solve for current J, sch} (ea) ma) (FS) mA) =6mA Therefore, the value of current {) isStep 1 of 3 2. 48p Refer to Figure P2.48 in the textbook. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula, R= eR . "RAR, Substitute R, =6 kO. R, =12 kQ from Figure P2.48 in the text book and solve for R, (6 k2)(12 kQ) (6 kO)+(12kQ) (6 kQ)(12 kQ) BK =4kQ Step 2 of 3 The circuit is reduced as shown in figure 1. 12mA 12kQ 4 4kQ 1, Figure 1 Step 3 0f 3 Calculate the value of current 7, by using current division formula having current ¢ =—]2 mA + R,=12kQ., R, =R, from figure 1 and solve for current J, (tae mA) (2 )-2 mA) =-3 mA Therefore, the value of current J. is [-3 mA] -Stop 1 of 4 2. 50p Refer to circuit in Figure P2.49 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance (2) of the resistors connected in parallel in the circuit. 1 t ty (ana Ta) =(1mQ+0.5m02+0.2 mQ)" =(L.7x10°)" = $88.23 2 Calculate the equivalent current source Ta value. 4 =4mA-2 mA =2mA Step 2 of 4 The reduced circuit is shown in Figure 1. (t) R, imt Figure 1 Step 3 of 4 Calculate the voltage V from Figure 1. V=IR, =(2mA)(588.23 2) = 1.176 V The voltage ¥ is same across the branches in the circuit of Figure P2.49 in the text book, Now, calculate the power supplied by source J, = 4 mA. Prax =V =(1.176 V)(4 mA) =(1.176)(4x107)} = 4.704 mW Therefore, the sign power is positive and so the source absorbs the power of [4.704 mW] Step 4 of 4 Calculate the power supplied by source /, =-2 mA . Pra =¥(-1) =(1.176 V)(-2 mA) =(L.176 V)(-2x107 A) = -2.352 mW Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the source supplies the power of |7.352 mW.Stop 1 of 2 2. 5Slp Refer to Figure P2.51 in the textbook for the circuit. Apply Kirchhoff current law to the circuit. A . > -210" =0 (F10") + (1x10) * (10°) a) io Ve Vs We conto? 2x10 1x10" 10 tM ~2x10? From the circuit, the voltage V, is, Y -(=35)-a0) wis Step 2 of 2 Substitute % for V, in equation (1). V, W, -4(4)-4 3V, -2V, =4 V,24V Therefore, the voltage, V, isStep 1 of 3 2.52p Refer to Figure P2.52 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing node voltage V., as shown in Figure 1 V4 Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff current law to the circuit in Figure 1. vy, W, —— 2he 12 (2x10")+(Ix10") (6x10) “10° 10° ¥, Vz Wy 3 ee Me He 12x10 3x10 6x10” 10 2V,4¥, +124, 3 oF 12x10 6x10" x BV, +12V, = 72 (1) From the circuit, the voltage Vy. is, ¥, 2 Vy -(=s]lex0 ) 2M 3 Step 3 of 3 Substitute Xs for V, in equation (1) 3, +n 2)- n 3V, +8V,=72 Hv, =72 2 ¥, The current J, is, 1-4 ° 6x1 (i) At 6x10" =1,091 mA Therefore, the current /, is [1.091 mAl - 12Step 1 of 6 2. 53p Refer to Figure P2.53 in the textbook. From Figure P2.53 in the textbook, the | kQ resistor and | kQ resistor are in series. The equivalent is in parallel with | Q resistor. Determine the equivalent resistor. Rug = (1kQ41 OQ) || KO =2kQ || 1k2 _ (2kQ)(1 kQ) 2kQ41kQ =2 ka 3 Step 2 of 6 Re-draw the circuit diagram: Figure 1 Step 3 of 6 From Figure 1, apply Kirchhoff's current law and determine the value of current 7 6mA+ t= 142 mA 1=4mA+2¥, mA Determine the value of voltage across z kQ resistor. ro Substitute 4 mA+2V, mA for 7 in the equation. V=(4mA+2V, ma)(2 ia) 84 as 373" 0) Step 4 of 6 From Figure P2.53, determine the value of current in } kQ resistor. Ig =— ea 1kO Determine the value of total node voltage, V . v-( He )rinernny =2P, * Step 5 of 6 Substitute c for Y,, in equation (1). Step 6 of 6 Determine the value of current, Jy - v Te _ 8 1k =8mA Therefore, the value of current, J, is [8 mA] -Step 1 of 4 2. 54p Refer to Figure P2.54 in the textbook. Determine the current in 3 © resistor. ¥, ga 3a EG From Figure P2.54 in the textbook, the 2 2 resistor and 2 Q resistor are in parallel. Determine the equivalent resistance. = 29)(2 9) 22429 4 4 =10 The resistors } ¢) and 3 Q are in series. Determine the total resistance. Rp =143 =49 Step 2 of 4 Re-draw the circuit diagram: Figure 1 Step 3 of 4 From Figure 1, determine the value of current 7 . ah From Figure 1, apply Kirchhoff current law and determine the current in } © resistor. Vv, Y, [+4452 2 3 1% 22 6 Substitute V, for 7 in the equation. SP, Vor =2 . (1) ote Step 4 of 4 From Figure 1, determine the voltage across 4 © resistor. “-( 3 =h 4° Substitute in for V,, in equation (1). 13%) =16 y= "BR =1231V Therefore, the value of voltage, Vy isStep 1 of 4 Refer to Figure P2.55 in the textbook. From Figure P2.56, the voltage across 3 kQ resistor and 6 kQ resistor are equal. Koia = Vera 1, (3 kQ) = Io un (6 kQ) 1, Lek) 6k (6kQ) vio Step 2 of 4 Determine the value of current in 4 kQ resistance. Jara =Ioint le ~ Z+], xh Ye nis Apply current division rule. 6mA ake In +21, 6ma= Ze 1 -() Step 3 of 4 From Figure P2.56, the resistors 3 kQ and 6 kQ resistor are in parallel Determine the equivalent resistance. Reg =3 kQ||6 KD (3&2) (6 kQ) 3kN+6kQ =2kQ The equivalent resistance 2 kQ and 4 kQ resistor are in series. Determine the total resistance. Rp =2kQ4+4kQ =6kQ Re-draw the circuit diagram. 2.55p ” D pe be < i: Figure 1 Step 4 of 4 From Figure 1, the voltage across resistance R, is equal to voltage across 3 kQ resistance. (14 4)(Rr) = fo (3 kQ) (E} KO) = 14 (3k) Al) ty 3 Substitute 2 for J, in equation (1). (3) 3 2 oma =U), 6mA= tly 36 mA = 131, _36mA 13 = 2.769 mA to Therefore, the value of current, J, isStep 1 of 3 2. 56p Refer to circuit in Figure P2.51 in the textbook. The circuit with current directions is shown in Figure 1. 12mA& 6kQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 by using current division formula. R =| ———__/ RR, (2+ fs ex =o L 6kQ * (4 k0)(12 kQ) (3 RO Tein nn Joe (12 mA) -(wassigroa)?™) (S38) ma) Further simplification: 6x10 - 4 -( 2% Jeno ») =(0.5)(12x107) =6mA Step 3 0f 3 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using current division formula. 1-|—B_)s, R+R, “(aavaan)o™) eats} =45 mA Therefore the value of current J, iiStep 1 of 3 2. 5S7p Refer to circuit in Figure P2.52 in the textbook. The circuit with current directions is shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 3 Let the current flowing through 4 ( resistor be 7, and voltage across 6 ( resistor be V, . Calculate the value of V, in terms of V, . Apply Kirchhoff's current law and solve for voltage ¥, . SA=1,41,43¥, “dig gtge() 6000 8+4 3 aia hiay 6000 12 = 1.0835, V,=4615V Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage J, . ¥,=(6%0)), Le 6kQ _ 4615 V 6kQ = 0.769 mA Therefore the value of current 7, is [0.769 mA]Step 1 of 2 2. 58p Refer to circuit shown in Figure P2.53 in the text book. The voltage across any branch is equal to F, as it is parallel circuit. ¥, 6kQ- The value of current J, is Apply Kirchhoff current law to the circuit and calculate the value of voltage V, - y, 1,431, +3 mA+—~4+/,-6 mA=0 uo 2kQ* a Ha +3mA+—44__6ma=0 4 6kQ 2kQ 3kQ )=6mAa-31ma He 1 3 l 4 om okn” 2kQ 3k! x(! +3434 +2) mA 6kQ Further simplification: 9 y i(aa)-3™ ~(on0)( 22") =2V Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of current 7, Therefore the value of current /, is .Step 1 of 7 2. 59p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.56 in the text book. Reduce the considered circuit starting from opposite end of the network terminals. > > Calculate the equivalent resistance , of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula R = Substitute R=R,, R,=3kQ., R, =6 kQ from Figure P2.56 in the text book and solve for R, . R,=3kQ6KQ = BkQ)(6 kQ) © (3kQ)+(6kQ) ~ 3 kO)(6 kQ) OKO =2kO Step 2 of 7 The resistance , is in series to 2 kQ resistance and is shown in Figure 1. Step 3 of 7 Ao 1kQO Raz —> 4kO Bo Figure 1 Step 4 of 7 Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of two resistors connected in series by using the formula R=R,+R, Substitute R= R,, R,=2kQ, R,=R, from Figure 1 and solve for R, R,=2kN+R, =2kN42kQ =4kQ Step 5 of 7 Now the resistor R, is in parallel to 4 kQ resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors connected in paralllel by using the formula pak RR Substitute R=R,. R,=R,. R, =4kQ_ from Figure 1 and solve for R, . R=R, [4 kQ ~ (R)(4kQ) (R,) +(4 kQ) — (4 kQ)(4 kQ) © (4kQ)+(4kQ) =2kQ Step 6 of 7 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. A 1kQ Ras B Figure 2 Step 7 of 7 Calculate the equivalent resistance R,, for the resistors connected in series by using the formula R=R,+R,- Substitute R= Ry, R,=R,. R,=1 kQ from Figure 2 and solve for Ryy Ry = Ry +1kQ =2kON+1TkQ =3kQ Therefore, the value of equivalent resistance R,, in the network isStep 1 of 4 2. 60p Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 as follows: b + Z eV, +° a + V, N Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law for the loop ae da and calculate the value of ¥, as follows: 4V46V-F =0 W=l0V Therefore the value of F, is Step 3 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law for the loop ae b a and calculate the value of V, as follows 4V-6V+¥,=0 v-4Vv v Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law for the loop b e cb and calculate the value of , as follows: 6V-¥,-2V, =0 6 V-¥,-2(2 V)=0 -V,=-6V+4V V,=2V Therefore the value of ¥, is Step 4 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law for the loop e c de and calculate the value of V, as follows: -V,+V,-6V=0 -2.V+V,-6V=0 ¥,-8V=0 V,=8V Therefore the value of V, is [g Y] .Step 1 of 7 2. 61p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.55 in the text book. Starting from opposite end of network terminals the circuit is reduced. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of two resistors connected in series by using the formula R=R,+R Substitute R for R , 2 kQ for R, , 2 kM for R, in the equation and solve for R, R=2kQ42kQ =4kQ Now the resistor R, is in parallel to 4 xq resistance Step 2 of 7 Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula Rae R+R, Substitute R, for R. R, for R,. 4kQ for R, inthe equation and solve for R, R= R|4kQ _(RY4 kQ) R+4kQ = (4 KO) (4 kQ) 4kQ44kQ =2kQ Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1 as follows: Ao 9kQ Raz 12 kQ Bo Figure 1 Step 3 of 7 Now from Figure 1 the resistors 2 kQ and R, are in series. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, for the resistors connected in series by using the formula R=R,+RK, - Substitute R, for R . 2 kQ for R, . R, for R, in the equation and solve for R, - R,=2kQ+R, =2kQ42k2 =4kQ The resistance R, is in parallel to the 12 k€2 resistor. Step 4 of 7 The resistance R, is in parallel to the 12 kQ resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors connected in parallel by using the formula RR, R,+R, Substitute R, for R , Ry for R, 12 kQ for R, in the equation and solve for R, - R,= RK 1ZkQ _ CR )(12KQ) R,+12kQ _ (4kQ)(12 KO) AkQ41ZKQ =3kQ Step 5 of 7 The circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. Step 6 of 7 A 9kQ Rap B Figure 2 Step 7 of 7 Calculate the equivalent resistance R,,, for the resistors connected in series by using the formula R=R,+R,- Substitute Ry, for R 9k for R, . R, for R, in the equation and solve for Ryy - Ry =9 KDR, =9kN4+3kQ =12kQ Therefore, the value of equivalent resistance R,, is [12 kQ]Step 1 of 8 Radka | Redko Step 2 of 8 Resistors R, and R, are in series. Replace with R, = % +X, between nodes @ and c. Ry = 4e+8k Ry =12kQ Step 3 of 8 R,=12ko Figure 2 Step 4 of 8 Resistors Ry,R,.R, and Ry are in parallel. Replace with Ry = Ry | Ry || Rs || &s between nodes @ and b 1 Ra= 7 + + 12k "4k" Fe 3k 1 Rae (ees) 12k 12 =k Rama Ry = 1k Step 5 of 8 R\=5k 2 AL ® Arnnr_4 Ru _ R.=6k 2 Ralka B b Figure 3 Step 6 of 8 Resistors 2, and R, are in series. Replace with &,, =, +R, between nodes a and db. Ry = Sk-+Ik Ry =6kQ Step 7 of 8 A a Ruy R=-6ka R-6k Oo. B b Figure 4 Step 8 of 8 Resistors Ry and R, are in parallel, Replace with Ry = R, || Ry between nodes a and b. _ 6kex6k 7 Bk +6k 6k, Raa Ryy = HQ Hence [R,,=3kQ ABStop 1 of 6 2.63p c Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Resistors Ry and & ars in paralicl Replace with Ry = || R, between nodes @ and Slex 12k fa Geta Step 4 of 6 Resistors Ry, and R, are in series. Replace with Ry = Ry +R, between nodes a and b. Ry = 2k+4k Ra = 6k Step 5 of 6 R=12ka R-6ko Ad A Ru R-4ka Figure 3 Step 6 of 6 Therefore Rez = Real| BI Re 1 2,444 6k 12k 4k. 1 Ry = “ (2) 12 12k Ry=— a6 Ry = 20 Rez Hence [R..=2kQStop 1 of 4 2.64p Redrawing the circuit A 6kO Ry? ka pid Step 2 of 4 See 2kQ is in parallel with a short circuitie. R=0 =0 2k x0 2k+0 a= Step 3 of 4 Step 4 of 4 Now the three 6 are in parallel: 6k x6k x6k Xe ==—— 6k x6k +6kx 6k+ 6x 6 IR 2kQ]Step 1 of 8 2. 65p J | R=2ke R,=4ka | Redka baaanl ¢ 4 R=2ko <—R,, R,=2k 2 Re=2k a B R,=2ka i b e Figure 1 Step 2 of 8 Resistors (Ry, Ry) » (RyRy) » (Ryo Re) and (Ry, Ry) are in series respectively. Replace with R,=R +R, Ry = +R Ry = Rt Re, Ry = Ry +R respectively. Ry=k+2k Ry=4ko R= 2k+2k Ry=akQ Rye 2e+2k Ry = 4k Ry=2ke+2k Ry = 4k Step 3 of 8 R4ka — Ry=4ko ows AAA, Rate |, Bee | h d A «Rk, R-4ka FR maka ANA b Figure 2 Step 4 of 8 Resistors (Ry.Ry) and (Ry, Rp) are in parallel respectively. Replace with Ry = Ry || RRs = Ra || Xp respectively . Re= (4k) 4k) 4k +4k a = Rog = 2k 4k) (4k) Rat bo 4k +4 16k Resa Rs= Step 5 of 8 R,=2ka ind R 48 R.=4ka BR 4ka Figure 3 Step 6 of 8 Resistors (Rys, Ryz) and (RyRy) are in series respectively. Replace with Rg = Rs tRz Ry = Reg tRy respectively. Re = 2k+4k Re = 6kQ Ry = 2k+4k Ra = 6K Step 7 of 8 a A Reoka pF ZR oka b Figure 4 Step 8 of 8 Therefore Ry = Ra || Rep — (6) 0 be +6 = 35k en? Hence [R,, =3k0Stop 1 of 3 Refer to Figure P2.44 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing loop current in the circuit as shown in Figure 1. + V, o 2.66p 3 kQ Figure 1 Stop 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoffs current law to the circuit. -12+(1x10°)/+2V, +(2x10°)/+(3x10)/ =0 (6x10°)7 + 2¥, =12 .... 1) From the circuit, the voltage V, is, ¥,=(2x10°)7 ... @) Substitute (210°)7 for V, in equation (1). (610°) 7+ 2[(2x10°) 7] =12 (10x107)7 = 12 12 Is + 10% 10' =1.2mA Substitute 1.2 mA for 7 in the equation (2) ¥, =(2x10°)(1.2x107) =24V Step 3 of 3 From the circuit, the voltage V, is, ¥, = (110°) +2¥, Substitute 1.2 mA for 7 and 2,4 ¥ for V, in the equation. V, = (1x10°)(1.2107)+2(2.4) =12+48 =6V Therefore, the value of ¥, is [6 V] The power absorbed by 2 kQ resistor is, Pag =P (2x10?) =(1.2x10°)' (210°) =2.88 mW Therefore, the power absorbed by 2 kQ resistor is :Step 1 of 5 2. 67p Refer to circuit in Figure P2.50 in the textbook. The modified circuit is shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 Let the current 7 flowing in the circuit through the node ‘a’ as shown in Figure 1. Reduce the circuit by calculating the equivalent resistance and equivalent current values. Calculate the equivalent resistance Ry of Figure 1 having resistors R, , R, , R, connected in parallel. ( 1 1 1y' R, =| — ott 4kKQ TKN 2kQ = (0.25 mQ+1mQ+0.5 my" =(1.75x107)" =5710 Calculate the equivalent current source /., of Figure 1 as follows: fg = -7 MA +3 mA =-4mA Step 3 of 5 The circuit of Figure 1 is reduced as shown in Figure 2. R, 4) Ry 5kQ ~~ Figure 2 Step 4 of 5 Calculate the value of current 7 by using current division rule. (xz a) 571 “3 (aaa) ) =(0.1025)(-4x 10") =-0.41 mA Step 5 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and calculate the value of current 7, 3mA+/,=1 1-3 mA =-0.41-3 mA 4lmA Therefore the value of current 7, is :Stop 1 of 4 2. 68p (a) Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.1 (a) in the text book, having voltage ¥ =12 Y_ and resistance, R=40kQ- Calculate the current (4) by using equation 2.1 in the text book as follows: V=IR 12k R _ Rv ~ 40kQ =0.3mA Therefore, the value of current, 7 is Step 2 of 4 Calculate the power (P) absorbed by resistor by using equation 2.2 given in the text book as follows: P=Vi = (12 V)(0.3 mA) =(12)(0.3x10") =3.6mW Therefore, the value of power absorbed by the resistor is . Step 3 of 4 (b) Consider the circuit shown in Figure E2.1 (b) in the text book, having current 7 = 0.6 mA and resistance, R=6kQ. Calculate the value of voltage (V,) across the current source by using equation 2.1 in the text book as follows: V=IR ¥, = (0.6 mA)(6 kQ) =(0.6x107)(6x10°) =3.6V Therefore, the value of voltage is Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of power (P) supplied by the source by using equation 2.2 given in the text book as follows: P=Vei = (3.6 V)(0.6 mA) = (3.6)(0.6x10") = 2.16 mW Therefore, the value of power supplied by the source is [2.16 mW2.69p We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert. Ask an expert2.70p We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert. Ask an expertStep 1 of 6 2. 73p Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 Step 2 0f 6 Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors 6 kQ and (8 KM+4 kM) connected in parallel. R, = 6 kQ'I)(8 k44 kA) _ (6 k2)(8kN+4 KQ) ERB KN+4 KO (6x10")(1210") “Tx 10 =4kn Step 3 of 6 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. I 2kQ 2vC) R,24kQ Figure 2 Step 4 of 6 Calculate the current 7 flowing in the circuit of Figure 2 having voltage ¥ =12 V and resistance R=2kO+R,. v Ira _ Rv © 2kQ+4kN =2mA Step 5 of 6 Now calculate the value of current /, in Figure 1 by using current division formula. -{—Ret® t-(etita) _(___(8kQ+4kQ) atc kQ)+(8 kN+4 a2 ma) =1.33 mA Therefore, the value of current 4, is Step 6 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's current law to node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and calculate the value of current J, . rah+h, 1=1-1, =2 mA-1.33 mA = 0.667 mA Calculate the value of voltage V, in Figure 1 having current 7, and resistance Ry = 4 kQ.- Via = (0.667 mA)(4 kQ) = (0.667107 )(4x10°) =267V Therefore, the value of voltage V, isStep 1 of 3 2. 74p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.68 in the text book. Calculate the value of current J, having voltage 7 = 6 V and resistance R, =12 kQ by using Ohm's law. v hog -ov “12kQ =—o&_ 12x10 =0.5 mA Therefore, the value of current J, is Step 2 of 3 Let J, be the current flowing through 2 kQ and 4 kQ resistors. Calculate the value of current J, having voltage V =6 V and resistance R, =2 kQ+4 kQ by using Ohm's law. v het __6v ~ 2kQ4+4kQ =o ~ 6x10" =lmA Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of voltage V, across 4 kQ resistor. Yy=1,(4kQ) =(ImA)(4 kQ) =(Ix107)(4x10°) =4V Therefore, the value of voltage V, i:Step 1 of 5 2. 76p Consider the circuit given in Figure 1. 6kQ rT R, R, (t) 12kQ 12kQ 12 mA Figure | Step 2 of 5 Calculate the equivalent R, of resistors R, =12 kl and R, =12 kQ connected in parallel. R,=RIWR (RMR) A+R _ (12 K2)(12 kQ) ~12KQ+1ZKQ =6kQ Step 3 of 5 The resistor R, isin series with Ry - Calculate the equivalent R, of resistors R, =6 kQ and R, = 6 kf2 connected in series. Step 4 of 5 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. Step 5 of 5 Calculate the current J, in Figure 2 by using current division rule. wats \ R,+R, 12k “(5 KQ+12 tama) 12x10? - (RAG ](2<0>) =6mA Therefore, the value of current 7, in the network isStep 1 of 6 2. 78p Refer to Figure P2.78 in the textbook. In Figure P2.78, the series combination of 6 Q and 4 Q resistors connected in parallel with 10: Q resistor. Calculate their equivalent resistance. Regi = (6+4)II(10) =(10)|/(10) _ (19)(10) ~ 10+10 =52 Draw the reduced diagram as shown in Figure 1. 5sQ iy 4 24V (*) 82 52 Figure 1 Step 2 0f 6 In Figure 1, the series combination of 3 © and 5 QQ resistors connected in parallel with 8 Q resistor. Calculate their equivalent resistance. Reqz = (3+5)I1(8) =(8)11(8) - 8)(8) 8+8 =4Q Draw the reduced circuit diagram of Figure 1. 5Q i 24V 4Q 30 Figure 2 Step 3 of 6 Calculate the current flowing in the circuit shown in Figure 2. ie 24 4 54443 =24 “12 =2A Calculate the current #, in Figure 1 using current division rule. in=i(—2 ) 2 Nee 543 “off =lA Step 4 of 6 Draw the Figure P2.78 in the textbook with current notations. Figure 3 Step 5 of 6 Calculate the current, i, using current division rule. ig=i,(—O_), 58 104644)> -() =05A Step 6 of 6 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 3. Y= 4is + 3in = 4(0.5)+3(1) =5V Therefore, the voltage, V, is [5 y]Step 1 of 5 2. 7179p Step 2 of 5 Given 5A current source supplies SOW Hence PaVI 30= F4 (3) Vig = 100 Since this current flows through 4 Fa =(4)(5) Fig = 20V By applying KVL to DCD loop we can write Veg Vag +¥5q,.=0 Yon = Vat ¥en Von = -20-+10 Fog = -10 Step 3 of 5 Since 5V source and 20 are in parallel, the voltage across 20 Vy = 5 By applying KVL to loop ACDBA Fag th gg th op =0 Vag =Vig— Von Fg = 5-(-10) Vy =15V Step 4 of 5 Applying KCL at node C Fea 4 7 4 Yep 520 4 2 Step 5 of 5 Therefore voltage across 20 is Fog = (2Q)(7) 35 Vig =2X— 0 4 35. yg =v 02 Since Vgq and the elements 20, ¥, are parallel Vag —¥, +¥y, =0 Y= Tao + ¥in ¥, 215422 2Step 1 of 8 2. 80p Consider the circuit given in Figure 1. Step 2 of 8 12 kQ 4kQ 6kQ R 4 R, 4kQ 16kQ @) L Figure | Step 3 of 8 Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors (R, +R,)=(4kO+12 kQ) and R, =16kQ connected in parallel R=(R+R)IR (A+R )(%) R +R, +R _(4kQ412 kA)(16 KQ) © 4kQ412kQ+16 kQ =8kQ Step 4 of 8 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 2. 4kO 6 kO Figure 2 Step 5 of 8 Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors (R, +R,) and R, =6 kQ connected in parallel in Figure 2. RL=(R+R IR (Re +R MR) R,+R, +R, _ (8kQ+4kO)(6 KO) © 8kQ44kN+6kQ =4kQ Step 6 of 8 Now the circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 3. 2kQO 4kQ 12V Figure 3 Step 7 of 8 Calculate the value of current J flowing in the circuit in Figure 3. = ORR, __-2v © 4kN4+2KQ _-RV 6kQ =-2mA I Step 8 of 8 Calculate the value of current 7, by using current division formula -( R._|p in Figure 2 ° "UR, +R, y Substitute R,=R,+R,. R,=R,. 7 =-2 mA and solve for J, . 1 (faite)! ° UR AR AR, -( 8kO4+4 KO “(8 kQ44 kQ+6 kQ. )(-2ma) (3B fon =-1.33 mA Therefore, the value of current 7. in the circuitis |-].33 mAl -Step 1 of 5 2. 82p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.73 in the text book. Calculate the value of equivalent current source by summing up algebraically. 1=-30 mA+18 mA =-12 mA Step 2 of 5 The current sources in the circuit are reduced as shown in Figure. Step 3 of 5 Figure 1 Step 4 of 5 Calculate the value of current J, by using current division formula #, = G a }: in Figure 1. + TK, Substitute R, = R,. R,=R, +R, J =-12 mA and solve for J, in Figure 1. -( saxty) -(32)(-2ma) =-4mA Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of voltage V, by using Ohm's law Y = JR in Figure 1. Substitute V=V,, /=1,, R=R, and solve for V, . =(-4mA)(1 42) =4V Therefore, the value of voltage V, iStop 1 of 4 2. 84p Refer to the resistive circuit shown in Figure P2.84 in the textbook. The middle part of the circuit forms a bridge circuit. Draw the circuit diagram designating with bridge circuit Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Since all the values of all resistors in the bridge are same, the bridge circuit becomes balanced. At this condition, the potential at point A is equal to the potential at point B. Hence, no current is flowing through 6 Q resistor connected between the points A and B. So, § Q resistor can be taken out from the circuit. Re-draw the modified circuit diagram. 62 62 6A (fh) 6Q 62 62 I, Figure 2 Step 3 of 4 In the right side of the circuit shown in Figure 2, two 6 Q resistors are connected in series and this series combination is connected in parallel with another 6 Q resistor. Determine its equivalent resistance. => (6+6)116 => 12116 (12)() (12)+(6) 24a > Re-draw the modified circuit diagram. 6Q 6A (ft) 4Q 6Q I, Figure 3 Step 4 of 4 Apply current division principle to caloulate the value of 7, 4 (aceea) (is) =LSA Therefore, the value of current J, in the circuit is [[.5 A] -Stop 1 of 4 2. 90p Refer to the circuit diagram shown in Figure P2.90 in the textbook. In the left side of the circuit, the two resistors 7 kQ and 1 kQ are connected in series. Calculate its equivalent resistance. =>7kQ+1kQ =>8kQ Similarly, in the right side of the circuit, the two resistors 2 k(Q and § kQ are connected in series. Calculate its equivalent resistance. = 2kN+5kQ =>7kQ Draw the modified circuit diagram. 7TkQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 In the Figure 1, two § kQ resistors are connected in parallel. Calculate its equivalent resistance. = (8 kO)||(8 kA) = (8 KQ)(8 KO) (8kQ)+(8kQ) =4kQ Itis given that, the voltage across 4 kQ resistor is, —14 Y . Find the current flowing through it. pete 4x10" -14 4x10" =-3.5 mA Step 3 of 4 Draw the modified circuit diagram. I, 4kQ 4kQ 7kQ Figure 2 Step 4 of 4 ¥, =(4x10°)/, Calculate the voltage drop, ¥,. = (4 x10 )(-3.5x 10") =-14V Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law around the left side of the circuit. ¥,4+V,+¥,=0 ¥,=4-%, =-(-14)-(-14) =14+14 =28V Therefore, the value of source voltage, V, isStep 1 of 6 2. 92p Refer to Figure P2.92 in the text book. Consider nodal voltages as ¥,,V, and ¥, for nodes 1, 2 and 3 respectively as shown in Figure 1. 12V h, b, + 20 2Q 4V Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 From Figure 1, the value of voltage V, is, W=4v The difference between nodal voltages of node 3 and node 1 is, Wj-¥, 212 Substitute 4 V for V, in the equation. 4-K=12 V=-8V Step 3 of 6 Draw the modified circuit of Figure 1 with direction of currents 7, and J, - 12V y, Y; + 20 20 4V Figure 2 Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of current i in Figure 2. Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of current /, in Figure 2. Step 6 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff Current Law at ground node in Figure 2. Leith, Substitute 4 4 for J, and 2 4 and /, in the equation. 2=4+1, 122A Thus, the value of current, 7, is[-2 A]-Step 1 of 5 2. 93p Consider the Figure P2.87 from the text book. Assume the value of the unknown resistor tobe R - Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1. 4+ V=5V- 1% 4kQ (t) 3kQ Req Figure | Step 2 of 5 Calculate the value of current J, . 5 RelA R Therefore, the value of the current J, is 54 R Step 3 of 5 Calculate the value of the equivalent resistance Ry R, = R+(6k|]3k) =p (OKIGK) 6k+3k =r SKIGK) 9k =R+2k Therefore, the value of the equivalent resistance is R+2kQ- Step 4 of 5 Consider the simplified circuit diagram shown in Figure 2. 4 4kQ R+2kQ Figure 2 Step 5 of 5 Consider the expression for the current J, using current division rule. 4k woh apa) Substitute 35 for J, - R 4k (até) 4k =) meat) ‘ 4k AR _30k+5R 5 '(4k)R 30k 5R + (4K)R (4K)R -(Batas m) A R I= Therefore, the value of the current J, isStep 1 of 6 2. 94p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.89 in the text book. The current direction flowing in each branch of the network is shown in Figure 1 pOX- +at - Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Calculate the current 7, . by using the Ohm's law J = . Substitute J=7,, V=V,. R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for current J, - =b,, he R 4 W W 25 3 Ble Step 3 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ and solve for J, i,+]22m 1,=2m-I, =2m-4mA Step 4 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the right hand side loop in Figure 1 and calculate the value of current /, 12 kf, -4-2 ki, +3 ki, -6=0 12 KF, -10-(2 k)(4 mA) +(3 k)(-2 mA) =0 12 kf, =10+8+6 1, =2mA Step 5 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ and solve for J, Tarheel, L=h-h, =2mA-(-2 mA) =4mA Step 6 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the left hand side loop in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, . —V, +12 ki, +3 kf, =0 ¥, =(12 k)(2 mA)+(3 k)(4 mA) = 24412 =36V Therefore, the value of voltage Y, isStep 1 of 3 2. 95p Refer to circuit shown in Figure P2.84 in the text book. Calculate the value of voltage V, by using following formula P=V,I Substitute 0 W for P , 3 A for 7 inthe equation to solve for F, - 0=1,(3A) 0 ¥,=— ‘3A =0V Step 2 of 3 Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 3Q a 82 20 6 Figure 1 Step 3 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and calculate the value of V, . 18 ¥, 434-0 243° 846 Therefore, the value of source voltage V, isStep 1 of 5 2. 96p Refer to Figure P2.85 shown in the text book, let the currents flowing in each branch is as shown in Figure 1. b La 1kQ f, LC) Ys 2kQ Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 The ¥, =6 V voltage is same across any parallel branch in the circuit Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law. 2 gen Step 3 of 5 Calculate the value of current 7, by using Ohm's law. Step 40f 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’ and calculate the value of current /, from Figure 1. Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the middle loop in Figure 1 formed by V, , 3 k/, . V, and solve for V, Vy +3 ki, +¥, =0 (3k)(5 mA) +6 V =ISV+6V =21V Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law. 4 " & w/ < 25 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for /, . 2+, =5mAt3 mA =8mA Therefore, the value of current J, is [3 mAStop 1 of 4 2. 97p Refer to circuit diagram in Figure P2.86 in the textbook. Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1 that represents the current direction and voltages across resistors. Step 2 of 4 Figure | Step 3 of 4 The value of ¥, is Q V and so by using Ohm's law the value of /, is also 0 A Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1. al +h, =0+/, =h Calculate the current J, by using Ohm's law. NLS lS Step 4 of 4 The voltage actoss 4 © is V, which is equals to 8 V and voltage V, is equals to (8 V-¥,) from Figure 1. Calculate the current 7, by applying Kirchhotfs current law at node ‘b’ and solve for J, . Therefore, the value of voltage V, is |6 V] .Step 1 of 11 Figure 1 Step 2 of 11 Given Power supplied by the 2 A source is, By, =40W wa I) Also from figure 1, Wg =5V ven(@) Hence , Fai = Vai2) 40 = ¥,(2) V,=20V =) Step 3 of 11 Let current in different branches be J,,J;,.;.J,,J, as shown in figure 1. By Ohm’s Law, Fay = (236) Vy =10V (4) Step 4 of 11 By KVL around loop abea, Vy +0, 4V 4 =0 -¥,, =10-20 (from (3) and (4) ¥=-10V BD) Step 5 of 11 By Ohm’s Law, ¥, = 800) -10= 4010) «Grom (5) Ip=-1A 6 Step 6 of 11 By KVL around loop acda, Vi, +g +B =0 -10+¥,,-5=0 (from (2) and (5)) Vig =15V A) Step 7 of 11 By Ohm’s Law, ¥a=456) 15= 1,(5) (from (7) i=3A 8) Step 8 of 11 By KCL atnode c, -iy-isth+2=0 lari, +h, +2 i= 73-142 ....(from (6) and (8)) a2 » Step 9 of 11 By KVL around loop cede, U,,+¥,4¥;, =0 4) +%-(15)=0 (fom (F)) (25) +¥%-15=0 (from (9)) ¥,=25V (8) Hence Step 10 of 11 By KCL at node a, -h--&-2=0 4=-h-&-2 v i=--4-CN-2 ne Ch ja-Ze1-2 -eaffiromn (6) and (2)) hea (10) Step 11 of 11 Therefore the power absorbed by the 5 V source is, Bas= O4 Bays =5(-2) (from (10)) Byg= 10 W Hence |P,,.Step 1 of 6 2. L0O0p Given circuit, Step 2 of 6 Gives, 40¥ source absorbing power is 80W P=VI Step 3 of 6 Therefore the circuit will be, Step 4 of 6 The KCL equation at node Vj is BMW HAF 329 30° «6 3 4h A Wz yey 34350 cee C1) The KCL equation at node Vj is B=¥ y-40 | 10 3-5=0 5 4h gia 5 5 10 4,4,% ee 5 5 10 ® Step 5 of 6 From the circuit, ¥,-40 10 %-40_ 10 ¥,-40=20 ¥,=60V Substitute 7; value in equation (2) =1 2 —Asteeset2 Sw w =30V Step 6 of 6 Substitute %{ and F, values in equation (1) 30, 30, 30_ Vy _ 60 + - “#24320 3006 °=5 6 5 14546-7£-1243-0Step 1 of 8 2 -LOlp Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.94 in the text book. The nodes and current flowing directions in each branch of considered circuit are shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 8 Step 3 of 8 Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law 7 of R Substitute ¥=4V. /=/,. R=2Q from Figure 1 and solve for J, . Step 4 of 8 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the right hand side loop in Figure 1 formed by V, , 6 V source, 4 V . V, and solve for J, V,4+6-4-¥, =0 31, +241, =0 31, =(4)(2.A)-2 h=2A Step 5 of 8 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in figure 1 and solve for current J, L=h,+2A AHA A Step 6 of 8 From figure 1 the voltage V, across 2 ¢) resistor is equal to 6 Y because voltage in parallel branches is equal. Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law { af R Substitute {= {,. ¥ =V,. R=2Q from Figure 1 and solve for F, Step 7 of 8 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘din figure 1 and solve for current J, . +i+t, 20 h=-h-l, =-2A-4A =-6A Step 8 of 8 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node *b’ in figure 1 and solve for current J, . Iytlealy shy =3A-(-6A) A Therefore, the value of current J, in the networkis |9 A] .Step 1 of 12 2. 102p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.99 in the text book. The voltage and current flow directions in each branch for the considered circuit is indicated in Figure 1. Step 2 of 12 a Figure 1 Step 3 of 12 Calculate the voltage V, by using Ohm's law V = JR - Substitute V=V,, J =J,. R=1kQ trom Figure 1 and solve for ¥, K=LR =(2ma(1 k) =2V Step 4 of 12 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V, , 6 V source, ¥, in Figure 1 and solve for y,- -K,-6 Vth, =0 Wav +6V V+6V v Step 5 of 12 Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law J = in Figure 1. Substitute J=/,, ¥=8 V. R=2kQ from Figure 1 and solve for J, . _8V 2kQ =4mA Step 6 of 12 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, hail, =2mA+4 mA =6mA Step 7 of 12 Calculate the voltage Y, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law 7 = JR Substitute ¥=V,. J=6mA . R=2kQ from Figure 1 and solve for F, . V,=IR =(6mA)(2 KO) =12V Stop 8 of 12 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the voltage loop formed by ¥, . V, , Vy . 6 V source in Figure 1 and solve for ¥, . Vth, -V,+6V=0 % V+, +6V V+l2V+6V =20V Step 9 of 12 Calculate the value of current J, by using Ohm's law J = in Figure 1. Substitute J=/,, V=20 V.. R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for J, . Step 10 of 12 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and calculate the current /, =the, =20mMA+6 mA =26 mA Step 11 of 12 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law ¥ = JR Substitute ¥=V,, 7=26mA . R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for V, . Ve=IR = (26 mA)(1kQ) =26V Step 12 of 12 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V, . V, . V, in Figure 1 and solve for V, - V+, +V¥, 20 Therefore, the value of voltage ¥, is [46 VIStep 1 of 10 2. 103p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.96 in the text book. The voltages and current flow direction for each branch in the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. 29 Figure | Step 2 of 10 The § A current source supplies $0 W of power. Calculate the power p across 5 A source by using formula P= VJ Substitute power P=50 W .V=¥,, J =5 A from Figure 1 and solve for V, . 50 W =V,(5A) y, -50W 3A =10V Step 3 of 10 Calculate the voltage V, by using Ohm's law 7 = JR in Figure 4 Substitute V=V,, J=5 A. R=4Q from Figure 1 and solve for Y, . %=(3a)(40) =20V Step 4 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop formed by d c fe d and solve for voltage V, . V+¥,-V,=0 Y,=V,-¥, =10V-20V =-10V Step 5 of 10 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law J av R Substitute J=/,, V=V,, R=2.Q from Figure 1 and solve for J, Step 6 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by a b cf gh ain Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, . —54+K,+¥, =0 ¥,=5-V, 5v-(-10 V) =I15V Step 7 of 10 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law { = . Substitute J =/,, ¥=15 V . R=4Q, from Figure 1 and solve for J, . x R =v 42 =3.5V he Step 8 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘¢’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, - h+heaht+ls =f, +1,-4, =375A+5A-(-SA) =13.25A Step 9 of 10 Calculate the voltage ¥, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law V = /R in Figure 1. Substitute V=V,, 1 =13.75 A. R=2Q_ from Figure 1 and solve for V, ¥, =(13.75 A)(2.Q) =275V Step 10 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the loop formed by jb c j in Figure 1 and solve for voltage , -V,4V,4+¥,=0 ¥,=¥,+%, =15V+275V 2.5 V Therefore, the value of voltage Vv. isStop 1 of 10 2. 104p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.98 in the text book. The voltages and current flow direction in each branch for the considered circuit is indicated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 10 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law V = JR Substitute V=¥,, J=2mA » R=2 kQ from Figure 1 and solve for ¥, . 2 mA)(2 k2) v Step 3 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V, , 6 V source, ¥, in Figure 1 and solve for K,- V,-V,-6V=0 ¥,=V,+6V =4Vt6V =10V Step 4 of 10 Calculate the value of current /, in figure 1 by using Ohm's law { = Substitute 4=/,, V=10 V . R=1 kQ from Figure 1 and solve for /, . v ie OTR _lov TkQ =10 mA Step 5 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and solve for 1, 1,=1,+1, =10mA+2 mA =l2mA Step 6 of 10 Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop formed by ¥, . 6 V source, 6 V source in Figure 1 and solve for y ¥-6V-6V=0 V=6Vt6V =12V Step 7 of 10 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 4 by using Ohm's law 7 = ¥ R Substitute J = A »V=12V.. R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for 4 Step 8 of 10 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the outer loop formed by voltages 6 V source, V, , ¥, , ¥, in Figure 1 and solve for V, . 6V+h,+K-F,=0 V,=6V+10 V+1k/, =16 V+(12 mA)(Ik) =28V Step 9 of 10 Calculate the value of current 7, by using Ohm's law J =t . Substitute ¢=/,, ¥=28 V. R=2kQ from Figure 1 and solve for f, - Step 10 of 10 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for J, . 14h +1,=0 Therefore, the value of current J, iStep 1 of 13 2. 105p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.100 in the text book. The nodes, voltages and current flow direction for each branch in the considered circuit is indicated and shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 13 Step 3 of 13 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law J =t . Substitute J =7,.¥=4 V. R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for I, - net R AV 1 4mA Step 4 of 13 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by nodes de hid in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, . -12V4¥,- W=V,412V Step 5 of 13 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's taw y = R Substitute J =7,. V =16 V . R=2kQ from Figure 1 and solve for J, Step 6 of 13, Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘h’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, =+l, =8mA+4mA =12mA Step 7 of 13 Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the loop formed by nodes fe h gh in Figure 1 and solve for V, . ¥,4V,-6V=0 V,=6V-¥, =6V-16V =-10V Step 8 of 13 Calculate the value of current 7, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law { =< : Substitute /=/,, V=-]0 V. R=1 kQ from Figure 1 and solve for f, . Step 9 of 13 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘f in Figure 1 and solve for current J, U+l,=l, 4 =1,-f, =12 mA~(-10 mA) =22mA Step 10 of 13 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law V = IR - Substitute V =V,. J=22 mA : R=1 kQ from Figure 1 and solve for V, Y= (22 mA)(1 KO) =22V Step 11 of 13 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by nodes a b ¢ dih g fa in Figure 1 and solve for voltage ¥,. V,+V,-6V+V,=0 ¥,=6V-¥,-V, =6V-4V-22V =-20V Step 12 of 13 Calculate the value of current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's taw f = Substitute J=7,, V=-20 V . R=1kQ from Figure 1 and solve for J, . Step 13 of 13 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for current f, . Latlel Le=h-l, =22 mA -(-20 mA) =42mA Therefore, the value of current J, is [42 mA] -Step 1 of 9 2. 1L06p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.101 in the text book. The nodes, voltages and current flow direction in each branch for the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 9 Figure 1 Step 3 of 9 Calculate the voltage V, having power supplied by § A source is 60 W by using the formula P= V7 . Substitute P=60 W .¥ =V,, 7 =5 A from Figure 1 and solve for F, - Pav vue —T _60W 3A =12V Step 4 of 9 Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law f = . Substitute J=/,, ¥=12 V. R=2.Q from Figure 1 and calculate the value of /, . Vv ie “29 =6A Step 5 of 9 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by § V source, V, . ¥, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage y,- VW +5V-¥, 20 Step 6 of 9 Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law f =t . Substitute #=/,, ¥=7V. R=4Q from Figure 1 and calculate the value of /, . 4 ¥ R iv Q LISA Step 7 of 9 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a' in Figure 1 and solve for current 7, [pth th=SA =5A-1,-1, =5A-1L75A-6A =-2.75A + Step 8 of 9 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, - a3 A+, =3A+(-2.75 A) =0.75A Step 9 of 9 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V., V.. V, . ¥, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V. . -V,+¥,-¥,+¥,=0 V=U-7V4lh 0.75 V-7V 40.75 V =-5.5V Therefore, the value of voltage V. isStep 1 of 7 2 - LO8p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.106 in the text book. The nodes, voltages and current flow directions for the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 7 Figure 1] Step 3 of 7 Calculate the voltage V, across the 3 A source in Figure 1 by using the formula ¥ =4 . Substitute P=20 W . ¥ =V, . J =3 A from Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, y22 T =20W 3A =6.67V Step 4 of 7 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘A’ and solve for I from Figure 1. L+h=3a Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by the nodes A C B Ain Figure 1 and solve. Vi =U, #24, 6.67=(3-4,) +24, 6.67-3=-1,+2h —1, +21, =3.67 ..... (2) Step 5 of 7 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘B’ and solve for /, . L+h=3a 1,=3A-h Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the loop formed by nodes A B DA and solve. 2h, +21, =V, 21, +2(3-1,)=6.67 21, -21, =6.67-6 Step 6 of 7 Substitute the value of /, 335 + J, from equation (3) in (2) and solve for J, . —(0.335+1,) +21, =3.67 =f, +21, =3.67+ 0.335 h=4A Substitute J, =4 A in equation (3) and solve for J, . 4,=0.3354+4A 24.335 A Substitute 4, = 4.335 A in equation (1) and solve for f, . 1,=3A-4,335A =-1.335 A Step 7 of 7 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘C’ in Figure 1 and solve for ¢ 1=l,+al, 335 A =4 Therefore, the value of ‘ the network is [4]Stop 1 of 5 2 -113p Refer to the circuit diagram shown in Figure P2.113 in the textbook. From the data, the voltage across 4 ¢ resistoris 24 V . Find the current flowing through 4 ¢ resistor using Ohms law. Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 The circuit diagram in Figure 4 is representing with four loops namely 1, 2, 3 and 4 and four nodes A, B, C and D. The currents through each branch and voltage across each branch are marked as per their respective component values. Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node B. 2=hethe fag = 2-hea =2-6 =-4A Calculate the voltage drop across 2 & resistor. Vag = Are =2(-4) =-8V Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law in loop 2. 12-Vag +, = 0 Vag =Vyq 412 =-8412 =4V Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in loop 4. Veg Vay +2420 Veg = 24—Vay =24-4 =20V Calculate the current through 5 © resistor. = 4a bya =20 5 =4A Apply Kirchhoff voltage law in loop 3. -16-V,, +¥ gq 20 V,, =Vaq-16 = 20-16 =4Vv Step 4 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law in loop 1. Vig t 124¥,, =0 Vq2 712-4, =-12-4 =-16V Find the current through 4 © resistor using Ohms law. Nya 2 4 Step 5 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node C. hag thay the =0 fav =—ha~ ha =-(-4)-(-4) =44+4 =8A Finally, apply Kirchhoffs current law at node A. Tesla t2thy =44+24+8 =14A Therefore, the value of source current, /, is [14 Al] -Step 1 of 5 2 -114p Refer to the circuit diagram shown in Figure P2.114 in the textbook. From the circuit, it is clear that, the voltage across right most | kQ is 8 V. Determine the current flowing through it. —_ Tx<10* =8mA Draw the circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 The circuit diagram in Figure 4 is representing with three loops namely 1, 2 and 3 and two nodes A and B The currents through each branch and voltage across each branch are depicted as shown in the figure. Determine the voltage drop F, ¥=(Ixt0")/, =(1x10")(8x107) =8V Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law around the loop 3. Vy +h, +8=0 Ve =V+8 =8+8 =16V Calculate the value of current J, Y, = 2 hae 16 Ix10° =16mA Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node B. hahel, =8mA+16 mA =24mA Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at node A. Ve=2¥y Vay 29 1x10 “1x10? v{ 1. ) = ES 24a? 1x10) 1x10?) 1x10* 2x10°V, =8x107 ¥,=4V Step 4 of 5 Calculate the value of current, /, vy, 1x10° _ 4 © 1x? =4mA = Determine the voltage drop V, - (1x10°) 4, =(Ix10°)(4x107) =4V Step 5 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law around the loop 2. y-Vg +¥, =0 Therefore, the value of source voltage, V, is [12 ¥] -Step 1 of 7 2 -115p Remove the current source from the circuit and draw the equivalent circuit. Re Figure 1 Step 2 of 7 Convert the delta network into star network. 12 kQ. 12kQ => 12kQ Figure 2 Find the value of the resistance R, ass shown in Figure 2. _ (12 KO) (12 kQ) 12 kQ4+12 KN+12 KO _ (12 kQ)(12 kQ) ~ 36kQ 12kQ 3 =4kQ Step 3 of 7 Replace the delta- network as shown in Figure 1 with its equivalent star-network. Ina Figure 3 Step 4 of 7 Determine the equivalent resistance R as shown in Figure 3. R=((12 kQ+ Ry )|(4 K+ R,)) + Ry = ((12 K+ 4 kA) |(4 kO+4 KO) +4 KO = KO4+4 ka 28 => kQ Step 5 of 7 Draw the equivalent circuit. 28 6ma(f) x, 5 ko Figure 4 Step 6 of 7 Use Ohm's law to find the value of the voltage y as shown in Figure 4. 28 ¥,=(6 ma)( 2 io) “(8 =56V Step 7 of 7 Find the power supplied by the 6—mA source. Pama =(K)(6 mA) =(56)(6 mA) =336 mW Thus, the power supplied by the 6 — mA source is[336 mW]Step 1 of 2 2. 116p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.111 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit and solve for current J, - =12+3k/, -2000/, +5k/, = 0 8ki, - 2k/, =12 ks, =12 1,=2mA Step 2 of 2 Calculate the voltage V, across § kQ resistor by using Ohm's law V = JR - Substitute ¥=V,. J=2mA . R=5kQ and solve for voltage ¥, . V = (2 mA)(5 kQ) =10V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the circuit isStep 1 of 3 2 -L17p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.112 in the text book. Calculate the voltage V,, across 4 kQ resistor in the circuit by using Ohm's law ¥ = JR Substitute V=V,. R= 4 kQ and solve for ¥, V,=1(4kQ) Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit and substitute V, = 4k/ solve for current J - 24+ 2k/ 4 2¥, +, =0 -24+2kI + 2(4k/)+ 4k/ =0 14k/ = 24 Psl714mA Step 3 of 3 Calculate the voltage V, across 4 k resistor by using Ohm's law V = JR - Substitute ¥=V,. R=4kQ. 1 =1.714 mA and solve tor ¥, . ¥, =(1.714 mA)(4 kQ) 86 V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the network isStop 1 of 4 Step 2 of 4 Let current in different branches be J,,,,0,,, es shown in figure 1 By Ohm’s Law, Fy, = 1) Fy =) ¥,, = §,(12) veal) hash va) 4 swea(S) tah @ Step 3 of 4 By KCL at node b, I-h-l+3h,- 1, +45=0 1-421, -1,445=0 4-192(2)4-(Z)ava 5=0 _....(from (1) and (2)) A-hekhes $=0 a454 ..Q) Step 4 of 4 By KVL around loop abca, Vy +h, +V =0 1,@+44)-60=0 (A5@)+ 4,4) = 60 1,(4) = 60436 Asa wn AD Hence |J,= 244 ..(Erom (3))Step 1 of 4 Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Let current in different branches be J;,/,.J_ as shown in figure 1 By Ohm’s Law, ¥,, = 1,(4k) ¥,, = 1,(400) Irby wl) Step 3 of 4 By KVL around loop dacd, Vat¥,, +¥,,=0 LR, +R -%,=0 4,(1000) + 2,250) - 250m = 0 1,(1250) = 250m 250 ,=——m 1250 1,50.2mA weno 2) Step 4 of 4 By KCL at node 8, -1001,- 4-4, =0 ~100(0 2) 7 -h=0 (Grom (1) and (2)) wn)Stop 1 of 4 2. 120p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.114 in the text book. The voltage across any parallel branch in the considered circuit is V, . Calculate the current J, in figure by using Ohm's law [ = Substitute J=J,, V=¥,. R=(2 Q4+1 Q) from the considered figure and solve for f, Step 2 of 4 Calculate the voltage V, across | resistor in the considered circuit by using Ohm's law V = JR . Substitute V=V,. 7 =7,. R=1Q from the considered figure and solve for V, ¥,=1,(19) =75(19) x 3 Step 3 of 4 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at top node in the considered circuit and solve for voltage V, AAS, =1,42A 4A47).(% 30) GQ Meh a2 A-4a Vi,=-6A Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of current J, . Therefore, the value of current J, in the circuit isStop 1 of 2 2. 121p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.115 in the text book. The voltage across the parallel branches in the circuit is V7, . Calculate the current 1, flowing in the circuit by using Ohm's law { = Substitute =f, , V=¥,, R=2Q fromthe circuit and solve for J, . Ke v2 Calculate the voltage V, across | © resistor in the circuit by using voltage division rule y-(—&_lp. R,+R, Substitute R, =10, R,=2.Q, ¥ =F, from the circuit and solve for voltage F, . v,o(aa)n * (1Q42Q wks Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at top node in the considered circuit and solve for voltage F, . 6 At ear, steal, 2 ta oari(E)a1(4) Bok 23)" *\a)*3 72 ac Stet, _Y 6 6 6A Simplify the expression further. =3.6V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the circuit isStep 1 of 3 2 -L22p Refer to circuit shown in Figure P2.120 in the text book. Let the voltage across the resistor $00 Q in the circuit be Y, Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors § kQ and $00 connected in parallel in the circuit by using the following formula. ne B® R,+R, Substitute § kQ for R, . $00 Q for R, inthe equation to solve for R, - nf k) (500.2) 3 kQ+ 500.2 _(5k2)(500 2) ~ 5.5kQ = 454.540 Step 2 of 3 Calculate the voltage V, across , by using voltage division rule. v= R, Vv R,+R, Substitute 454,54 Q for R, . 100.2 for R, . 250 mV for 7 in the equation to solve for F, 454.542 (ass 2+100.Q =(0.8196)(250 mv) = 0.205 V )(2s0 mV) Now, calculate the current /, through 500 (2 resistor in the Figure P2.120 in the text book by using Ohm's law. v Rg Substitute $00 Q for R inthe equation to solve for f, V, oOR 0.205 V 500 Q =410 pA Stop 3 of 3 Calculate the voltage V, across 300 Q resistor in the considered circuit by using voltage division rule. y,-|%_|p R,+R, Substitute 300 2 for R, . 4. kQ for R, . —4x10%F, for ¥ in the equation to solve for V, _{_3009 : t-(apana a) 4) -( BR) Huoy(a10.104) =-11L44Vv Calculate the amplifier gain by using the formula. Substitute —11,44 V for V, , 250 mV for ¥, and solve for gain G . _-4av "250 mV =-45.76 G Therefore, the value of amplifier gain isStep 1 of 6 2. 123p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.116 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance R, of resistors 6 (2 and 3 Q connected in parallel by using the formula R= Substitute R= R, , R,=6Q., R, =3 Q from the considered circuit and solve for R, . (6. 2)(3.Q) 6243Q ~ (6 2)(3.Q) ~ 92 =2Q Step 2 of 6 The circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1 4a(t) CP 2h, ust Figure 1 Step 3 0f 6 Calculate the voltage V, across R, = 2 Q in Figure 4 by using voltage division rule 7, -(; Ae v + +R, Substitute ¥,=V,, R,=2Q, R, =6 Q3Q, V =P, trom Figure 1 and solve for Y, . (sana Q42 sa) Ae vis Z Step 4 of 6 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the middle loop in Figure 1 and solve for J, BI, +¥,-¥,=0 Step 5 of 6 Apply Kirchhoffs current law to the circuit in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, . — he * 2Q42Q 1242Q Step 6 of 6 Calculate the voltage V, across 2 Q resistor in Figure 1 by using voltage division rule ¥’, (3 z }p + Substitute ¥,=V,, R,=2Q.R,=1 Q, ¥ =16 V from Figure 4 and solve for voltage ¥, . ¥-(sg Sa losyy <3) =2 3 =10.67V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the network isStep 1 of 3 2 -L24p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.117 in the text book. The voltage across any parallel branch in the considered circuit is V, . Calculate the value of voltage Y, in the circuit by using voltage division rule ¥, -( Rly. * * LR ER, y Substitute ¥=-V,, R, =19, R, =2.Q, V =V, from considered figure and solve for V, ~7.-( Saw y-2h 3 Step 2 of 3 +R, Calculate the value of voltage V, in the circuit by using voltage division rule ¥, = [ R, } . +R, Substitute V, =V,, R, =2Q., RX, =2Q, V=¥, from considered figure and solve for V, . (285) Step 3 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at the top node in the considered figure and solve for voltage ¥, . 2,462, en ay 9°" T0422 20+20 Simplify the expression further. v, (2+) =-6 12 v,(2)=-s 2 r.-(-9(2) -72 “or =-3.43V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the network is |_3,.43 Y] .Step 1 of 5 2 -L25p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.118 in the text book. Let the current flowing through 8 ¢ resistor be /, and let the nodes in the circuit be ‘A’, ‘B’ as shown in Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 The voltage across any parallel branch in Figure 1 is 24 V Calculate the current /, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law = : Substitute {= /,, ¥=24V. R=8Q from Figure 1 and solve for /, 24V 8Q =3A Step 3 of 5 Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 by using Ohm's law V = JR Substitute {= /,. V=24 V . R=4Q from Figure 1 and solve for J, - 41,=24V 24V "40 =6A Therefore, the value of current J, in the circuit i Step 4 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘B’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, . Nth=2A 1=2A-1, =2A-6A =+4A Therefore, the value of current , in the circuitis [4 Step 5 of 5 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘A’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, . irl Lehnh A-3A A Therefore, the value of current /, in the circuitis |3 A}Step 1 of 2 2. 126p Refer to circuit shown in Figure P2.119 in the text book. Let the voltage across any parallel branch in the circuit be V,. . Calculate the voltage V, in the considered circuit by using voltage division rule. y,-|—%_|p R+R, Substitute 4 © for R, . 8 Q for R,, in the equation to solve for V, . ¥=(Tah a) “(ae ) he 3 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to solve for voltage V, . Lathes, =5A 844 *"\6 12 Vi=4V Step 2 of 2 Calculate the current J, by using Ohm’s law. rok R Substitute 6 Q for R in the equation to solve for J, - ~ WW aL -4v 62 =0.67 A Therefore, the value of current J, in the network isStep 1 of 7 2 -L27p Figure 1 Step 2 of 7 Let the current in various branches be J,,J,,J, as shown in figure 1. Resistors 12kQ, 412 are in parallel. Replace with Ry = (12kQ) || (4k2Q) between nodes a and cas shown in figure 2. Step 4 of 7 By Voltage Division rule in figure 2, 3k ¥,=%| uo (ae) Y r=2 (1) Step 5 of 7 As shown in figure 2, By Ohm's Law, Vig = 2K) Step 6 of 7 Applying KCL at node a, ¥, 5m-J,;-—* -1,-4=0 20007 % 4 “) HH “Se acl oJ "eo 8 (2), ‘4 sm u(t 6k 12k rom (1),(2),(3) and (4)) 111.1 Atty, gtactatae) () Te 12 (2 )=50 w=5V _O Step 7 of 7 Therefore Power absorbed by 12k the resistor is, wr Paw = 7 oy Pye aon = BE @y6) 25 Pyy= 2 mW abs12 2 ™ Hence |P,Stop 1 of 7 Step 2 of 7 Let the current in various branches be J, 4,5, Resistors 6k¢2, 3k¢2 are in parallel Replace with Ry = (6k£2) || Gk) between nodes ¢ and b. Step 3 of 7 Step 4 of 7 By Voltage Division rule in figure 2, 2k Ya -¥( 5) v,=1y, a) we By Ohm’s Law in figure 1, Yq = 13K) ih= 4G) -.fGcom (19) 4-4(Z) wo ® Step 5 of 7 As shown in figure 2, By Ohm’ s Law, Fy = 02K) -% “TR Vay = 1, (Akt 2k) 4 --@) hoe nl) Vi, = (4k) % 4-2 (5) Step 6 of 7 Applying KCL at node a, 6m -h,-34,-4,-4=0 +» rom (2),(3),4) and (5)) 11,1 1 netstat) 3444241 nyo 10 vias Wa72V 6) Step 7 of 7 Therefore Power absorbed by 12kC2 the resistor is Pon =e 7.93 Pasta = ... (from (6)) Pay = 4.32 mW Hence [P,,,=432 mW]Step 1 of 5 2 -L29p Refer to circuit shown in Figure P2.121 in the text book. Calculate the equivalent resistance R of resistors 6 (2 and 3 Q connected in parallel by using the following formula. RR, “RR, Substitute 6 Q for R, . 3Q for R, inthe equation to solve R 2-2 9IE2) 62432 = (6 2)GB 2) ~ 9 =22 Step 2 of 5 The considered circuit is reduced as shown in Figure 1. Figure | Step 3 of 5 Calculate the voltage Y, in Figure 1 having power of 108 W supplied by 6 A source by using the following formula. P=VE Substitute 108 W for P , 6 A for 7 inthe equation to solve for V, . Apply Kirchhoffs current law at top node in Figure 1 and solve. A +Ki, + ee =6A 62 (424+2Q) 122 Bay +88 6 ° 6 12 18 18 18 =6— — Me (3 3B) =-15A Step 4 of 5 Calculate the value of current J, Substitute 18 V for 7 , {42+2 Q) for R in the equation to solve for current J, . ___18v 24 242Q) =v ~6Q =3A Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of current 7, in Figure P2.121 in the text book by using current division following formula. R 1 R,+R, Substitute 6 Q for R, . 3 Q for R, inthe equation to solve for J, - (x55 Q46 al h) -(Fa)e%) S2A Calculate the value of ‘K. A, =2-15A _-lSA 2A =-0.75 Therefore, the value of ‘&’ in the network isStop 1 of 6 2. 130p Refer to circuit in Figure P2.123 in the text book. The nodes, voltages and current flow direction for the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. 162 51,42 q 52 Figure | Step 2 of 6 Calculate the current J, having power absorbed by 1 V source is 40 W by using the following formula. P=VW Substitute 40 W for P . 10 V for V inthe equation to solve J, . ree ory _40W “10V =4A Substitute 4 A for 7, § © for R in the equation to solve V, . ¥=(5Q)(,) =(52)(4A) =20V Step 3 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the right hand side loop in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, Vi=W+10V =20V+10V =30V Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 Substitute 30 V for V . 15 Q for R inthe equation to solve J, . 30V 152 =2A Step 4 of 6 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and solve for current {, . h=Le+l, =2At4A =6A Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 1. V,=IR Substitute 6 A for J. 4 for R inthe equation to solve V, - %,=(49)() =(42)(64) =24V Step 5 of 6 Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by the voltages V, , V, . V, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, Wav, t¥, Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by 0.6V, dependent voltage source, V, , V, from Figure 1 and solve for voltage V, 0.6V,-V,4¥, =0 W,=V,-0.6¥, = 54 V-(0.6)(30 V) =36V Step 6 of 6 Calculate the current /, in Figure 1. v = °R Substitute 36 V for V . 6 Q for R inthe equation to solve /, _36V 62 =6A 4 Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for current 7, Therefore, the value of current {, in the circuit isStep 1 of 7 2 -L31p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.124 in the text book. The nodes, voltages and current flow directions for the considered circuit is shown in Figure 1. 5Q a1422 4 49 ¢ 50V(_) 20 Figure 1 Step 2 of 7 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 1 having 50 W power supplied by 2 4 current source by using the following formula. P=VI Substitute 59 W for P . V, for Y . 2 A for 7 in the equation. 2A =25V Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the left hand side loop formed by voltages of 50 V . V, . V, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage ¥, V+¥,=50V W=50V-%, =50V-25V =25V Step 3 of 7 Calculate the current J, in Figure 1 Les 'R Substitute 25 V for ¥ , §€) for R inthe equation to solve J, . v hee R _25V 52 =5A Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node ‘a’ in Figure 1 and solve for current 7, K=h+t2A AtlZA =7A Step 4 of 7 Calculate the voltage V, in Figure 4 Vj=IR Substitute 7 4 for 7, 2Q for R inthe equation to solve V, . Kar =(7A)(2.9) =14V Apply Kirchhoff voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V, . V, , V, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage ¥,. Vi +K4+¥,=0 WeaVanY, =25V-14V ellv Step 5 of 7 Calculate the current 7, in Figure 1. Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ‘b’ in Figure 1 and solve for current J, . L+h=l, Step 6 of 7 Calculate the voltage ¥, in Figure 1 V,=IR Substitute 4.8 A for 7. 4Q for R inthe equation to solve F, - ¥,=1R =(4.8 A)(4Q) =19.2V Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law to the loop formed by voltages V,, V, , V, in Figure 1 and solve for voltage ¥- Vi+V,4V¥,=0 Wank, =11V-19.2V =-82V Stop 7 of 7 Calculate the current 7, in Figure 1. Substitute -8.2 V for ¥ . 2Q for R inthe equation to solve J, . v hea -8.2V 22 a4 A Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ‘c’ in Figure 1 and solve for the value of ‘k’ 4(5A)=4.8 A-(-4.1 A) k=1.78 Therefore, the value of ‘k’ in the circuit is |] 78] .Step 1 of 2 Refer to circuit shown in Figure E3.1 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff current law at node F, . yOWAHY, 4xig? = hak x 6K ARK Ky no axigt 6k 12k i2k +h Fe axtoe 2k 2k KY axio? 4k 12k Therefore, the equation at node J, in the circuit is Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at node ¥, . 4% yox107 =0 12k 6k KN La yige 12k 12k 6k hth 2k” 12k V, J, A, 22x19" 12k 4k =-2x107 Therefore, the equation at node V, in the circuit is 10°] .Step 1 of 2 Refer to circuit shown in Figure E3.1 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoff current law at node F, . yOWAHY, aig? = 4 Boh x 6K OADK KKM assy? 6k 12k i2k 2h+K Fy axto? 2k 12k KY axio? 4k 12k Therefore, the equation at node J, in the circuit is Step 2 of 2 Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at node ¥, . 4% yox107 =0 12k 6k Ke NM La yig? 12k 12k 6k hth 2k” (2k V, J, A, 22x19" 12k 4k =-2x107 Therefore, the equation at node ¥, in the circuit is 107} - 3.1feStep 1 of 2 3. lp Consider the circuit shown in Figure 3PFE-1 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node Y, in the considered circuit and solve. te MH) 4 1+2 6 12 3(¥, -12)+2¥,+1,4+6=0 BV, -36+2V,+¥,+6=90 Simplify the expression further. 6Y, =36-6 30 Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of voltage Y, in the considered circuit by using voltage division formula (lv. R+R, Substitute ¥,=V, , R,=2Q, R,=1Q. V-=5 V from considered circuit and solve for ¥, . Vis 22 _ (Sv) 20+1Q “Ben =(0.66)(5 V) 33V Therefore, the value of voltage V, in the circuit is 3,33 Y and so the correct answer is option [al .Stop 1 of 3 Refer to the circuit shown in Figure E3.2 in the text book. Apply Kirchhoffs current law at node voltage V, in the circuit and solve. same ih LK ao 2k Ik KM Mom 2k 2k 2k 2k BY, -¥,-24, =8 « (1) Apply Kirchhoff current law at node voltage V, in the circuit and solve KK Enh hig 2k 4k Ik 2(V,-K) +h -h +4¥, = 0 2¥,-2V,+4,-V,+4¥, =0 -2V,47V, -V, =0 «..... 2) Step 2 of 3 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node voltage ¥, in the circuit and solve y-¥, Ik 4(K-K) Boh 4k 4k ~4Y, 4%, -%=-(2m)( 4k) +4 Ye 2m =0 2m. AV, -V, +5V, =-8 «..... 8) Now write the equations of (1), (2) and (3) in the matrix notation form. -1 -2 2.7 ne Step 3 of 3 Solve the set of three equations by using MATLAB. %solving the equations by using matlab. R=[3.-1,-2:-2,7.-1;-4,-1,5}; I=[8,0,-8]' inv(Ry' % Execute the program in the command window of MATLAB. The MATLAB output is, Ve 5.4286 2.0000 3.1429 The node voltages are, 5.4286 V 0000 V =3.1429V y= v= Therefore, the values of node voltages V, ¥, is and V, is |3.1429 V] -Step 1 of 2 3.2fe Consider the circuit shown in Figure 3PFE-2 in the text book. Calculate the value of current /, in the considered circuit by using Ohm's law pel . Substitute =1,, V=12-¥.. R=4Q fromthe considered circuit and solve. _2-%, 4 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node V, in considered circuit and solve. -i, aha eno 6 12 -36+3V,+V,=0 Simplify the expression further. 4V, =36 v=9V Step 2 of 2 2 Calculate the power dissipated in the 6 Q, resistor by using the formula p= ve R Substitute P=R,.V=9V. R=6 © from the considered circuit and solve. 2, OF 6a 62 _8l “5 =13.5W Therefore, the value of power dissipated in 6 ( resistor is 13.5 W and so the correct answer is option fal.Step 1 of 5 Step 2 of 5 Figure 1 Mark the nodes and corresponding voltage levels as shown in figure 1 Applying KCL at node 1 (1-2) FL ben ok Ok -3V, +0; = -12 Y= -1240, Step 3 of 5 Applying KCL at node 2 Ba ham ao 6k 12k -2%, Va 12k «12k 2Y, - 37, = mn) 2ke) 2, -3(-12+3%) =48 -W, = 48-36 Step 4 of 5 By Ohm’s Law, H= lol) 12 ~ 7 = fo Step 5 of 5 Also from the figure 1, Vo=K-% 12 120 ¥,=-—-|-S oF ( 7) Q) ~-By(1)) 12) .(By(1) and (2)) 3) -(By(2)) (4) + By(2) and (3))Step 1 of 5 3.3e Refer to circuit shown in Figure E3.3 in the text book. The nodes for the considered circuit are shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff's current law at node ¥, in the Figure 1 and solve. peo ahs (2x10°) =8x10° 3k 6k vey, 3k fe- He = (sx10" )-(210°) 2V,+V,—V, = 6x10" V, =3V, -36 ...... (1) Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node ¥, in the Figure 1 and solve. W-¥ Va=Va Vey =0 6k k 2k hhh Mu 6k 6k 6k 2k 2k Le MAbs, Hg Substitute the value of V, and simplify the equation (2) further. ~V, +5(3¥, -36)-3¥, =0 -V, +15¥, -180-3F. =0 14V, =180+3¥, y, = 18043% . 14 Step 4 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law at node V. in the Figure 1 and solve. Key Ke -(2010°)=0 vO, Ww. , Fe Ne eo ang 2k 2k 2k AW We aig 2k B-Wy=4 (4) Step 5 of 5 Substitute the values of y, and y, in equation (4) to calculate ¥, 3, -3V, +3624 ay, 3 M0) 36-4 42V. -540-9Y, +(36)(14) =(4)(14) 33V, =56 +540-504 Simplify the expression further. 33V, =92 v= 92, 33 =2.79V In figure 1 the value of voltage at node Fis equal to V, - Therefore, the value of voltage in the circuit is 9 YI -