See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/293097497

Guru Cemerlang dalam Sekolah Berkesan

Conference Paper · January 2007

CITATIONS READS
3 1,797

2 authors:

Kamarul Azmi Jasmi Ab Halim Tamuri

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
455 PUBLICATIONS   1,844 CITATIONS    84 PUBLICATIONS   367 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Program Budaya al-Quran View project

Mahasiswa dan Kehidupan Menurut Perspektif Islam View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Kamarul Azmi Jasmi on 25 April 2016.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 GURU CEMERLANG DALAM SEKOLAH BERKESAN

Kamarul Azmi Jasmi1

Ab Halim Tamuri2
1
Pusat Pengajian Islam dan Pembangunan sosial, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor
2
Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Suggested Citation:

Jasmi, K. A. & Tamuri, A. H. (2007). Guru Cemerlang dalam Sekolah Berkesan in Seminar
Pendidikan Kebangsaan Halatuju dan Masa Depan Pendidikan Negara at Auditorium
Pendidikan Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Malaya pada on 22-23 Ogos 2007, Jabatan
Pengurusan Perancangan dan Dasar Pendidikan Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya,
pp 1-15.

Abstrak

Antara elemen yang boleh membantu menjadikan sesebuah sekolah itu berkesan ialah sekolah yang
memiliki guru yang bersifat cemerlang. Ini kerana guru yang cemerlang ini membantu meningkatkan
lagi proses perkongsian inovasi pengajaran dan pembelajaran kepada guru-guru yang lain. Dengan
ini mereka boleh memberikan nilai tambah kepada rakan-rakan setugas melalui perkongsian maklumat
inovasi tersebut di samping mampu membantu dalam melicinkan lagi jentera pentadbiran sekolah
dalam bidang pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Justeru, dalam kertas kerja ini, perbincangan akan ditumpukan
kepada definisi guru cemerlang; latar belakang pengurusan guru cemerlang di Malaysia; ciri serta
peranan mereka di sekolah dan di luar sekolah. Pengetahuan ini diharap dapat membantu pihak
pentadbiran sekolah untuk menerapkan ciri-ciri kecemerlangan guru di sekolah seterusnya meningkatkan
lagi keberkesanan sekolah.
 23435678749
25
9
85 79
5747
5
0
5551Œ10Ž5
Œ5‘1.Œ5
0000!0"#0
$%&0'(##0)*0
0
555
-’51ŽŒ5-“5”1Œ05
+(0(0
$%&0,!0)*0
0

-./0125
0
34567689:9;948<64=8>?:9@8;9;>645A8;94B6CDE648F9F9>A6@8F9E?:6@8D5A8
>97E9F648D6:6@8F9E?:6@8<64=8;9;D:DED8=A7A8<64=8>97FDG658H9;97:64=I8J4D8
E976468=A7A8<64=8H9;97:64=8D4D8;9;>645A8;94D4=E65E648:6=D8K7?F9F8
K97E?4=FD648D4?L6FD8K94=6B67648C648K9;>9:6B67648E9K6C68=A7AM=A7A8
<64=8:6D4I8N94=648D4D8;979E68>?:9@8;9;>97DE6484D:6D856;>6@8E9K6C68
76E64M76E648F95A=6F8;9:6:AD8K97E?4=FD648;6E:A;658D4?L6FD8597F9>A58CD8
F6;KD4=8;6;KA8;9;>645A8C6:6;8;9:DHD4E648:6=D8B9459768K9456C>D7648
F9E?:6@8C6:6;8>DC64=8K94=6B67648C648K9;>9:6B6764I8OAF597AP8C6:6;8
E9756F8E97B68D4DP8K97>D4H64=6486E648CD5A;KAE648E9K6C68C9GD4DFD8=A7A8
H9;97:64=Q8:65678>9:6E64=8K94=A7AF648=A7A8H9;97:64=8CD8R6:6<FD6Q8HD7D8
F97568K9764648;979E68CD8F9E?:6@8C648CD8:A678F9E?:6@I8S94=956@A648D4D8
CD@676K8C6K658;9;>645A8KD@6E8K9456C>D7648F9E?:6@8A45AE8;94976KE648
HD7DMHD7D8E9H9;97:64=648=A7A8CD8F9E?:6@8F9597AF4<68;94D4=E65E648:6=D8
E9>97E9F64648F9E?:6@I8
0
T727
9
5
'&0&0U&0&V(00W0!&0((0V(0*0
V&((0#X0,&0&0)*0V0X01YYZ[0\W00
!&0((0(0V&(X0V(0&0X(0&0*0
(!&(0(0*0000&!0V&#]#0(&0
^,&0&0)*0^,)_0̀0[[a01_[00b0V&!U00]0
0U&0&0U&0 0(&0(&00(0 V(0 X0 &00
V0V(0V(0!0!U(0U&0*&X0]0̀
U&0̀&X00&!(0&0U&00)*[0
0
7cdd d5
56d4d523435678749
255
e&00f@98g4H<H:?K9CD68?G8gCAH65D?40^hX#0i[j[01Yk1_0 !0!0
596H@97P80##0*0*(0V&00(X&0V&0!U0
00&0((0l0(WV000!&X!00V&*0
[0m*00V&(0&00!W0(0#&0*0&0(X0
(0*0!(0̀#&#0(V0V0(0*&(0&0U##X0
0000000(00000000000!00000000(000000000000000o0p0qr
n0'
000s00t0u0v0wp
00sxrxrytsvzp{ts|}ttsv~tt€‚vxtsvƒt}tv„p…tsvwpsxrxrytsv†p|tut0!&V00
‡#&0(0+(0(0$%&0)*0V0ˆˆlˆ‰0Š#0ˆ‹‹k[0‡&0\!0&0&U00
h&0(0+(0(0̀$%&0)*[0

0 1
2345363704724809
7360 337
3303703805
08
373024530
3704402
530
69706
7370
330380353903330304530440644806
7370

330
2530 !"0#!#0##!0"$!06370%&&!'(35)*34+0360,--./00740
1376+40,--2/035)*360133,/035)435533801336/07

0170133./0083590
1339:0; !"'9
74420;%<';"=&>='&?@#!$$>'A'&?@%&!'(7

0170
133.:0
330370370
237473 309
7330
53306
7370932539320
9
7
63063709
766809

8306
73706683703853804633063708
9333832370
370380138730 !"'370
B8003635309
44808
363087
03706338370
8
3630440
9
5370370
8
3703702
606336308
27370
360370
695808

53337083
630
733370370647383708
333709
44683708590
6370
7352058063303703809
947308
383370
2309
94730
8

8337063708
93943709
943208
424370B
7350(0835901339:0
137383530!#0635390&!"C'&?D#0363530633630832303830#'9
4480
8
36303709
73303705370330
3630323409
53206
7370B320
3630(070
137+40,--2:0138730!#'703705
0
B804530353087
03709
4480
8
36304403709
73409
766809
9
724809
99709
7373909
740
9
7209
744837038538094530657027830538403306370
54403630
370635390
9733706370
9374737060330
5330(0835901339:07440430
6
420
330##!0370
938460
3703709
7423938370
7668370370
9
7783283702
70330
5330
7308

783208
64370370
330E430
3709
74239383708
273704473708
933383237063708
93437060372330

3930937430(7

0170133.:0F7
0703705
09
7
5440
330
370
440370

373704724809
73309
9
383709
74383708303370
9
766809
73309
744063709
9
5330B230330
5330
53709
9448038320
63708
5
370370 44606
7370
374)3740
53306
73708
93237370370
63305
09

830(0835901339:0F7
094604530635390G!=#'&?%D!C'(35)
*360133,:0
938460440370
237473 304724809
93764063709
9
0

2474808
3630330
5337306336308

3237063708
9473370
B7070430
68705
07

0170(133.:03709
7323837033 30"$!'
330440370
9
74748837035370370544063709
73483708

32370330
533730;"$!'430
644808
36303703709
937240330
5337309
9
+38370372330370
730
63703703530
53709
9
724808
03303306403702706370
37370640
370
5306
73709353320330
533730637093533208

766837730138460
##!03705
0
B8035309
44808
36303
808
97370440635390580
63304724809
73309
733209
73309
997063709
9
0
247480
8
3630330
53308
0330
9
72483706370
9374737039370
90370
72
5
806370350
7309
73607370530(0835901339:0F3593023380440
6353903330303240%&&!0
938460440370
237473 3009
9730
3830463303706370
70330
533730(7

0170133.:0;%&&!070
9
74420083590(1339:09
44808
363087
06370
373704406353905806330
4724809
9
23409
73309
9763063709
73938370
5330
0938549320
657063705940
7
2334708
3630330
533730393036309
53540532370333700
32340
3370
72480
7333703706373700
4
63383706
B7037067378370
33078304403530
370370
9
947308
27370
360
8306
73708

53337083
630
7333706370

9
533370530939409
446837085906370
735205806330370380
230

0 1
2324567890
348
8860
3 3
84860860
328245860232580
3455860439680
786038656880236739808602386 86043688860860432388860
236880488043880368602882803896023239048658606898086043565
0
786089
023638

860
338860232865023238
86086880786036808607860
8802389023292960232545
08
8023696
8
86043690860369023686820
23675 90236990236755
86086023239880980233
803686099
8608690
8
8
08
98088058780860
328788
8860786089
038960950550580
23699
023685023688023238
860236 58
860
89087860882086
80
432365
860860432865686082869048804388089039082869032908690
9633
0860980 !"039680236890968607860368#368030
0$323860328
50396803 8878"03686038603
985860986#
32986096803
"03
890860236 84890
38788607860868089
0%36550
&8'88
90())1"08820*+,-*./0108880 32386023548
8602324*5688208880
7808892809690232456789028
507860328 82#28 820989509:;9++9<46
 323860868089
08680289"610=40<>30=?91656503
"6=3@9/0A/6380
96902369690990390969"6A34=4*<10<>6 323860556043696023660
8820
38678"69:;9@40A<*+6580988"6B0/=4,/*496868089
"6B0/=4,;+*==6
380850

3804382805560868089

0 32386089
035"64?A/A3>?C/9168
8089
"64A@,
<A4;?6868038"640@4A@689
"6AB64?96B0/=4619>/9968820
355
860
38043828"6
B*<;D68678
0988605
8098
5
8609923803850288088509690
8"6B0<96
85089
089
03
890868089
096808680 869
0850850358905360
89"69:E30=04968680 869
086808505886678"6=9+9;463499"6;?A0;96499860
348"6=3@9/C68680099238038"6=3@9/638"69:4/*682886039039040
988"6860@/9203266505
8093259"F6G3095056
8486099808880550
32386023548
86085056
8486078603
86560908826780 99# 990992380
550890390986780343902324567890
3
860860
35658603808680
9690
3288605560436960
348808603
399602366098089
0990
36988038808820898608848608850
3808508850
3804382808605560
%868
88089039043
3886678045803878023689
860358507860986#
32986096803
086802890992380380385038808503
890
868089
08680 869
0850358903480536089089086096903805809880
396805
8098
5
860308608960&395058099
86780343908248
0380
43682498603878023689086049986086078603908948808608960860
786039089488086098805
8093259089
0
35568667806
&388
860396990 3238608903908880969082890436
890236568
860
99807860438890882043659860
89860233
8036860550 32386038890
60233
80236568
86099802*=49/649*;?9/H69:@9/4649*;?9/H6;A2@949<4649*;?9/H6
E3*+04D649*;?9/68669BB9;40I9649*;?9/F0!98#9980969023288028
5038890550
48
80550 3
84055078603
3386055078603
5899086055078603
3860
885055033
90J8256032580998096909
80955
0
3488028
68088867808880
8280989502355
0
34880 990550 32386088502324*50
38680980860
4396 8686078609868
860882043656886099809690325867803
86560
8820 990980550 3238666
K3656886055033
9029867809568
8608820782868
0K3699
86030
L88
50!80MNNO"0368602355
0
3488028
68038890550786043688866780
3
3860860282450236 848902882808603
9089
03 880
5502854560

0 1
2345650787890
767036325 07503 25 02355076705 08587083  55 0
325 05 083 55802365083 525 05205 032755 05 05655 056550
3 5 08363590
767036325 0235707 55 0303 5056503 5 036850
!"#$$%&52039590'((')0*685 0+0,850'((-)0.3338/00100'((-)0
*5  /00100'((239043635036237705555076705 0438365 055503660
5655076705 036325 906 565 50550,380+0750%899'305 083 555 0
76705 036325 05083635055076705 08587083 56050355607 70
8355 0600235 5 03 5565 05 03835565 0836359043 7670*36 36/0
:3 2368543605 0;4562 0%'((-307505555076705 0438365 05 036750
525 503 25 035507505239062305 03658505 5083 3 703550
3 5565 05 03835565 05 0590< 03685270767036237083805 0
83 752502355052305 03675 055803 5565 05 03835565 023360
8387 5085055705=5/083 7 55 0833058505 056705 0355/0
83 75250205 7 5 05 055608357055 05 065205 05 >5 033675 0
3 5 9062305 0375075036852707670362370835707255 50
3 5565 05 03835565 503655083 525 03 4555 0438365 05650
3556 590?35505855 03655055 05 075083 7 75 055055 05 0
655005 565076705 03305 03 5565 05 033055807255083 5775 0
3 5 05 0367590@05 5650 5607670330550%A5570<25089923B00
0
%83C505580 55 05 036575 5)0
%'3C83 550365555 05 04565036555 )0
%D3C83 7 75 0652502850355023503556)0
%13C83 556083 70385875 03556)0
%-3C3 55 )0
%23C336502345650365275 )0
%E3C838705 083 555 03556)0
%F3C83 7 55 0355053505 03 355 055803 5565 )0
%93C5503550350632 5283)0
%8(3C4368505 04350
%883C858703677 0234565033)0
%8'3C50565 /038565/0275083833/083832565 06/028 /05 70
5 02725083 368503 55065 05 )0
%8D3C838025033 555 05 03083 368503 5505655056503556 5)0
5 0
%813C363 3575 02365023 5250367255083 58503 3575 5083 3 50
36385 5 03655670367585 5055805 03 03 5 90
0
?35 036325 /076705 0438365 07503 502355076705 043505570
GH00I350558065850.3 5 0235503055708587083525 55 0
232757075203 5 023876 505 043590,34355 08700558060232365 0
835708525/0385585 05 03  55 038565 036550257>25707525 90
,34355 035560558083 65038555 0565032550825 5030550
8357055 05 05 5023 50232757038565 03 56>3 560752590@5580
3835565 05525066504  5/05>70555 023550456505 036325 0
7 7083 555 034355 /00258 083 7 55 0552503623705580

0 1
23456789
069
05795049 59
05
 0343 06990727
90!"#$%
&''()(03
*372929
07+7209
*29409*503
9895087
9202332989
033 9
*,0
5957-0
0
./01 3 27
5295039 903 239
20
.301 383 5
*2929
02378999
065 5069903
*7 709920
.401 3
*498729
0559072903 9
**7420
.601 39
59929
03*990927909
*096920
.101 3 794903 7
*7477
**7407
7203945 29
0563920
.801 3
**7
929
083 +99
9
083 *5069
0952039 902 39552069
00
.901 3
+95
0477
*9
09
*049 
5063
*9
03790854920
0
:395
03 239
069
03298,0*7 7033 9
*0+7*9065*39 039*950*7 708929 0
;959405
506595069 58969083 2999
0)"<$!!!=)%>?59405
53 7+7202389690
83
65652069
083
*9+9 09970*7 709
*0945 069
032980699057083
*9+9 9
069
0
8339+9 9

90.903903@@320A 9
0B0;5903@@120C33*3,0!>=D>03@@120
A9

,0!>=D>03@@8000
:395
083
*29+509 9,083
*29+503899
,083
*7 7083
656529
069
032940650
E99590+7*903 89
69
*9
099063
*9
03
9
*06355
550*7 7033 9
*0E3 32900
3
*9
**980*7 7033 9
*,0*7 703 239
,0*7 703 27955069
0*7 708929 0379
90
9699405

50:39*950
40;33
3 59
0C39+9 9
0E99590.3@@9003
65 503940
3
6355
5529
0*7 7033 9
*039*950*7 709
*0387
95083
*39479
,023945 9
0
69
0238929 9
09
*05
**503 903
59903 6365295069
03 5F9506990399
929
0
7*9069
09
**7
*+9G9,02477
906990569
*083
*9+9 9
069
08339+9 9
0
C3
*9 940C3
656529
0C3 920H9I0J6
9
0? 9450.3@@6003
**99 29
0*7 70
33 9
*0969940*7 709
*03 279550;795509
*03406554903975083
*4959
0
9
9206565209
*033 9
*083
98959
09296352,0233 9859
069
0355250945940
9
*09520E3 3290+7*9098703 83 9
9
03945 29
0G9 *90
3*9 909
*0
3 83
*39479
05
**509949
03 9
**7
*+9G903
6565209
9206565203
379529
0
65 5063
*9
099 9
099025
509
*033 729
06990949
,0699095
*069
06990+79
*0
E3
7 70K 590E460:474955L.3@@60,07
7203
+9650*7 7033 9
*,03 329043
692940
3
9 73
9 03
*3
950495069
083 999
0839+9 069
0729
032969 03
*9+9 069
0
3 329607
7203
*49529
07299
0839+9 9
03
*52709909
*039406539829
0
E3 32909429
0969940*
*9
09
*035
9508 535
05
5069
059
9052490945 069 50
49509
79 5
90JM5M940./NNN0087903
9929
0949G90O7 709
*03 239
0397
90
65*99 29
039*950*7 709
*07
**7,0*7 709
*03 27955069
0*7 7033 9
*0
P
**7069
03 279550+7*903 78929
05 509*50*7 708929 0:395
057,0359703
9940
O7 709
*03 279550879035940*7 709
*0387
950057,055902477,0340
3 23 +999063
*9
0 929
0323 +9069
03403790 35325023
65 50E3
7 70:494 50
.3@@30,0*7 703 239
0969940945 069 589690*7 709
*0387
95083 
95507
**70
9
*095
*03 477
*9
0879063
*9
0237
**79
069 503*5083
*9+9 9
0Q75940Q9
50
.3@@600+7*90656989503
+3929
0949G90*7 709
*03 239
0729
0949+90*7 709
*0
49
9098703
6273
9529
03*9905639069
083 9
9
*9

9039850+7*90340
3 9
9
*069
03929
929
083
*9+9 9
063
*9
03
**7
929
029369403
*9+9 09
*0
37950:395
083
**7
99
029369409
*03795,0*7 709
*03 239
0+7*903970
3525 29
057069
0
59509
*0929
06583 34507 56039908 3083
*9+9 9
069
0

0 1
23453678797
0393 7087043

8 7
0 443
07
0
02770477023678797
0
7
0787903
70279702367879049043
3790537270907
043
787904770
23678797
039350 4303977203470723 0539 77
0477023678797
07
078790
367
000907
0539 37
07674023
78797
0870727043
87 7
023
78797
0
7023
76747
07
043
39
 7
0 327704903577074577
04393 70870
47907
0539277043
7 7
06400 7

7
023678797
03
7
0 327
0353
790
4903
7
004907 7
063505394
707
04397705777023678797
07
04393 70
 04342
7047
770 32770 327
04393 70
47
02395
7
7
03977203
090343967
056309
 7035770
23
7879077023
 053987707
04342
70 3677 7
07 734 0670539640
7
7057 0539 37
0587 07
027 7907674057
023
78797
07
023453678797

70
3587 7
77

703
704742043

7 7
0 32365777
043303970
43
87 7
023
78797
07
023453678797

707023
76747
07
043
39
 7
0

0745706703
7
0 347427

7043
7 7
06400 7

7
023678797
0
3
7
0 327
0353
790279702367879
703
704742043

 7 7
077070

74 0 7
0 3343967
7
0 7 734 0 27970 2367879
70 393 70 47420
43
 43
7 7
0376703707
02397
7
7

707
705393 70539470
7
04342
70 443
07
0
07674043677
7 7
07039707

87750
367
004393 70 670
604346 0640 3
7
0239570563053 39877470
3
7
097 7
03 398707
027 0777
07
03970367604345709363 0 3
90
 0
43423957 023
78797
07
023453678797
04393 70
0
!"#$%&'()#'*+,+'-.,.'*%/%,0)#-'(+'/)0)1$+)'
290343967
0076770357747
707
08367 7
0630343
397
033678797
0
767704342
703
74090770490
04342
702397477
03
7
09090
357747
707
0237
07674039023
78797
07
023453678797
0

0506630
789:;<07
076=27>7607?@@;<049090343967
07
0239380630A34770B7>90
343
397
033678797
076770367 027 07
04347
708777
090343967
0
7767032390539 0797023 366
C0AB3D33D24D?D68A6?78;<053979 0?:0
345390?@@1<C00
0
EFGH&IJKLMNKO0290343967
07670907
04342
707707
039280
539 3974267
07
0539237
030 327703 7023997
07
03 70
239 477
07740397023 707
0297
0397720 323967
0236787907
0
727043
87096304360 32770797023
 '
EPGH&IQRISMTUMQ'NMQ'VIWMTKJMQO0290343967
07670907
043
7707
0
43
770 7

7
0477023678797
077057
023
 7
07
0
327 797

7043
87027 79098 023
78797
07
023453678797
0587 0
43
904770577
045390767023
78797
07
023453678797
047420
43
3
760270 323967
07
047767023453678797
02367897
0397043
37 7
0
299740
7 7
067
053923
377
07
0539 34797
07674057
0
3
6047 64707
0 4
 7'
EXGHYMZK['VIJ\MO0290343967
07670907
0539277043

 7 7
0760
23453678797
0 390797043457

7
023
0236787903679703
7
0]76770
33
 7
0357
77
'

0 1
 23456789
 000000000
000!"0"0#0#0$0#0
!0#0"!0%&
2'45(7)*
000000!++,0"-,0"0
-,0!-0".0#0.-0#00$00
!0"##%&
2/450981
2
&*3 4 &*8 59
&3*
44
&
*2 6 0000
00!"0$0#0!0#00"$00!#0
"070#0!0#0!0!00
0"##0%&
0
0 087000#0090:;,080<$0
=00"#00#00#000000#$00
$0"##0>?#0@!#0ABBCD0?!#00E0:0F%8%0ABBCD0@#0
?0G%0<%0E0H!!0I0ABBJD0=#0K0%%0ABBCD0L0M0
H0ABBJD0F7N0O%0ABBPD0O0ABBAD0K0Q0R0=;0ABBAD0
K#0K$0%0STTCD0#0STTBU%00
0
VWXWY&Z[VW6W\]&]^(_&`_&aWVWb0_W&
K!00STTP,000"0#0<#0<$0#0
!#00$+00"%0K000#0
"00$070"#!0#00"000
!0!00$%0:0"#00STTJ080<##0
=000#0"#0!00!$0cdefghi
jgkldmlkinlkomlfiplqlhingrmsdphlflkingkpdpdmlktiulplkolkimgivrlsiwgkdkomlfmlki
jxlqdfdingrmsdphlflkingkpdpdmlkiplkiwgkosledqmlkiyxrxizlkoiughgrqlko{i
=#0000#00#0"#000
!%00
0 0<#00ABBP,0<#0=0#0"0!0"#0SC0=0ABBP0
!"0!0H00<08!000"0
0"00!0!0"#00000#00
!0#$%0K00ABBC,0"#0"$000#000
00R0#080R000"0"$0#0
"!$0#0!0#$0>8<=0%%U%0
0 08##0000$0#"#0000ABBC0
00"0$0!0SPJ|00000>=$0
0R0=0%%U%0K0##000#0=0
#$0#09#0S,09#0A,09#0J,0#09#0P%0
00 } 49 ~&090<"0R0#0=00"0ABBC0
K%08!%0K=8€K=8?€K=K€K=F€KN<0=!0Q0<0<<0
CJC0 1P10 ‚J0 S0
K!0=$00R0=0ABB10
0
0 0 9#0S0$0!+000000
7000!#0#0#0"080<$0=,0
0!01P10%0=00<0"000!0
0 1
234305676489
2
90 939800 37890234305676489
200
62640
09989069
90
09499010378906683439
0234305676489
20098990940620
6339
09
29!0234305676489
20989706339
0"#0930$70%64799
0
39
0$&9'9076&98037389
064979!093069
90()0&98933
094990620
6**
29
09&99
0234305676489
20
09
90649
06990629&909
2064990
98970$70%64799
0$&9'90 939800
0
+,-.,/010 37890"34302676489
206
2303626400
6
2290646
299
0))40
56/7089:9;60 +.</,=0>9;,?.@,A0
B0%99
20 (10 0
B0C689
9
0 40 0
B0C690 10 1()0
B0$949&90 0 110
DB0 **40 0 110
4B0E646
229
30 0 10
B0%6490 (0 110
1B0$689
2*40 )0 )(0
(B068990 (0 4)0
)B03$6789
0 1)0 DD40
B0%6480 D0 40
B0%38930%
9
20 D0 40
B0F8990 D0 40
B0$990 (0 )0
+.</,=0 GHIJ0 GKK0
$37640980"34302676489
2098990))0
0 0 +,-.,/0I0C6339
0"34302676489
209
0E9
2290"90
0989906
2290646
299
0))40
"#0"0"10"D0"D0"C20
()0 0 440 0 D0 40
$37640980"34302676489
2098990))0
0
0 90890234305676489
20940620*6
!099079679064990990
6339
09
2098
20649906
29
099400*49
20234305676489
20L
076&98040
234305676489
2006*89046
909
010*49
20234305676489
2006*89076
6
290
M9
90998906
949079679097909900799N79906423439
09930
*86
0 93980!0D09
040
0 +,-.,/0H0 37890"34302676489
206
230O6
0
0989906
2290646
299
0))40
56/70 PQ@R9A0 +.</,=0S.;.0 >9;,?.@,A0
T9<9;/,A:0 UVW0
00000 96790 0 0
00000 M999068930 0 4)0
00000 M9990L
22640 (0 )40
00000 $9
0 0 1DD0
D00000 %6
9
0L8970 10 D0
400000 C67949
0X30 0 DD0
00000 M*8*20 0 (0

0 1
 2300000 456575089
50 0 320
1300000 9950 0 30
300000990 0 30
300000590 0 30
 3000005560  0 3 0
300000 
!9!95
0
90 0 310
300000 
!9!95
0"575
90 10 3 0
300000#
90$%56&5
50 0 30
300000'5&5&90(5)565
0 10 3 0
300000 
!9!95
06570 20 3 0
2300000 %*965
06570 0 310
1300000#
90 0 30
30000045657500(59*0 10 30
300000 507*560 20 30
300000 
!9!95
0'5*0 20 30
300000 
595
0+0 0 310
3000004565750+5)0 0 310
30000059
70&5
95
00 0 3 0
300000 !55
5
0 0 3 0
3000007%757&55
0'*5,%0 0 3 0
2300000 9
79-0+5%
0 0 30
1300000.&&90 0 30
300000/59
0*59
0 0 30
1234567 89:;7 8<<7
%)0'5*970%%08*5
0'5*5,7950 0
0 15=2547>?7"%*560%%08*5
0!90*560$
!5600
'
9%&0.-7,
05!50(56%
0 0
@A4B77CDEFGH7 1234567 I7
8BJ7'5&5&90 8KL7 320
MBJ74565750'*5,%0 8MN7 3 20
:BJ74565750O
970 NK7 3 0
9BJ759
70 >N7 13 20
3P0 
!9!95
0O7*50 0 31 0
LBJ7456575089
50 :L7 30
KBJ75695
0Q9!%-0 M<7 30
;BJ7 
!9!95
0
90 8K7 30
NBJ7 
!306570 8L7 3 0
8<BJ7 %*965
06570 8:7 30
88BJ7 
!9!95
0"575
90 N7 3 0
8MBJ74565750(59*0 K7 30
8:BJ7 507*560 L7 310
89BJ7590 M7 30
8>BJ7/59
0*59
0 >7 310
1234567 0 0
%)0'5*970%%08*5
0'5*5,7950 0
0
15=2547L?7"%*560%%08*5
0!90*560'

5600
'
9%&0.-7,
05!50(56%
0 0
@A4B7CDEFGH7 1234567R2S27 I7
8B7 '5&5&90  20 30
MB7 4565750'*5,%0 10  320
0 1
 345 6789
0 0 20
45 7879080 10  0
45 77
7098
0 0 0
!45 8"#"80 10 0
$45 8870 0 0
%45 &8'8(0 0 0
)45 *"7+80 0 0
120,988(790
#70 0  0
--456.770 10 10
-/450("9"801727970 0 10
-345372728(04757790 1 0 10
-45,988(79067
7980 170  0
-45,988(7906980 10 110
-!450("9"80 110 170
17077
708750 70 20
-%45,97.879080 70 20
-)456789
0,2798790 0 2 20
/945,988(7903"7#0 0 2 20
/-45

7
277903#7:0 0 270
//45,779790 0 270
/345,89
808(790 0 270
/45;789<#7890 0 0
=>?@AB5 $$5 -994995
65037.#8
0*0C#79037#7:
8702270
0
DEDFEG5HIJ=EKE5LFJF5MINIJDEGL5
5 QRSTUTRVWXWYVZZZ[V\]V^_VS`RaTRVbTRcUdTRVe`YcTXTVeTSTVWfUTVghVcTiWRV
0 ruvwpxr }€ruvwpxr
ZZZ[V\]V^^VjklZmV
0 ZZZ[V\]V^^VjklZmV nopqrstruvwpxr ZZZ[V\]V^^V
n opqrszruvwpx…r
0 nopqrstrsuruvvwwppxxrr }€ruvwpxr sruvwpxr
0 ZZZ[V\]V^yVjklZmV Z Z Z [ V\ ]V ^ y Vjk l Z mV ZZZ[V\]V^yV
nopqr|zruvwpxr n opqrs{ruvwpx…r
0 nopqrszrsurvuvwwppxxrr TbWTRV‚UX`ƒ„Tf`SV ruvwpxr
0 ZZZ[V\]VhgVjklZmV ZZZ[V\]VhgVjklZmV }‰zruvwpxr nop ZZZ[V\]VhgV
qr|zruvwpx…r
0 nopqrs{rsuruvvwwppxxrr nopqrs†‰zruvwpx…r
}‰zruvwpxr |ruvwpxr
0 ZZZ[V\]Vh^VjklZmV ZZZ[V\]Vh^VjklZmV ZZZ[V\]Vh^V
0 nopqr|}ruvwpxr nopqr|}ruvwpx…r n opqr|†ruvwpx…r
truvwpxr |ruvwpxr
0 ]Y`SVkiTfV~V tru vwpxr
]Y`SVkiTfV~V ‡WfTV~V
0 nopqr|sruvwpxr nopqr|sruvwpx…r n opqrzsruvwpx…r
0 ]WYWV~T`bWX`TRYVbVTRaV TbWTRVV
Z`Ra`cWTV~`X`YbTRaV
TbWTRVlYWfTRV„UTfTVjˆTdUdUmV
0 Š‹Œvr…rŽqv‘vq’vxrpopqr‘ov‘vr’xv“’vxr”vx•’vŒr‘–vqvru“o—Žv‘rvxrox•“’pŒr˜‹xr’xv“’vxr”vx•’vŒr™vx•rr
0 rrrrrrrrrrrr“ŒŒv”’vxrvq“r‘ov‘vr’r‘ov‘v‰r
MAOPA5-0C7270;7#790.7:70892770*0C#790;7
790.7'70806("#70
399709790087
70
0 12
0 2345360789
3305950 8894360480 8308930845360360480453056570
86936 360836563609030898508453608667336078098048060
363086634370530863
393603608843
393603347360898730330
85773608667336078 889436360343556034305303605308347630
59503303435560 88943603430897336036360898730893730
8656507876360
3336036089730863606043673608845043370860

3336078637360367303393604345360789
3305950 889436089366086360
5950867360430330833363036056
577360343039301036039300
0
0 0 DEFGHGEIJKJLIMMNOIOPDQRISGETHUGEIVWLTGKGIVGFGIJXHGIQYITGZJEI
0
! jc̀de^f` ihc̀de^f` itc̀de^f`
! \M]^ MNOIOPD[QI
_àbcd e ^f`
MMNOIOPD[QIklMI
\]^ _h̀
m c̀
d e ^f`
MMNOIOPD[QIklMI
\]^_h̀ic̀de^fs`
! hc̀de^f` NGSJGEIpHKWqrGXWFI
! hc̀de^f`
MMNOIOPD[gIklMI
! MM\N]^ OIOPD[gI
_h̀ic̀de^f` \]^_h̀jc̀de^f`
! NGSJGEII NGSJGEIlLJXGEIrHGXGI
uvGUHUHwI
! PJ LJInW KW LSGEo I
"#$%#!&039302345360'89
330(6393059508894360283360430863605950)330
!
*+,-.-.!/-.!0-.112.13-4-5!12,2!"+6+,7-.1!
5950 8894360360530436705308650895373609360360843086 330
3639036060343085303870785953607556303430360863
39360
3608843
393607837393663084807893630505303603656
330898730
530
530865089893039330595595036043605950 88943607886370
843736373605303603656
3308636086 33073390360330360 8894360
8890360896 7360343036390'5340867360:34330;':<08 3930
967363089363603603656
3308987303343083336303606 367360
343053
57089750;':00=01>?<0
0
;1<@0:85308936 36360893084373637360863
3936086736043086360
5536078330886573603608365636090843
39086750330360
89608890360837360480':0A5306089903933=00
0
;3<@:86837360 936 36360 863
39360 89337360 893593689359360
8673601BBC0759754507836336036059359308784460360
8973360
;<@:863
390330843
3936078373936086750390365360360330
7848360843
390
; <@:8936 36036084373637360530863
393603608843
393608890
8683360)):08637936086 33360843
390868336053360360
86837360789
30843
390

0 11
 345678989
 90
 089   908
 08  04  04 99 0489 90
898
 90   9089   90  48088 0
3856789   90

80489 90899 908  0  9089   904 90
88   90 90
8908
09
089 04 9088 90
35678989 0 
08  0894  088  904 908
908
 08  0
4  04 99 0
35678984  90 089  904 908 908 4 088   90
8  00
35678 9
08  9089   90  4808
 08  0 904  0
35678984  90  904 90 9 08  908
 08  0 904  04  0
804 99 0
356788 90  908  9088   908  0 904 08 4 0
898
 00  04 908  0
35678984  90 4 08 0  903! 5089
 904 9089  90 0
804 99 0
356789 40 0 4 9089 0 908 
90489 904 99 0
0
325678904 908 9
0
 004 9004 99 0" 090
8
#0
0
3 56789 40 0 9
 04  04 99 0
356789 40  004 99 0
35678 9
089
088  904 908908  04  04 99 0
34567898  08984 90 9 9 90

80

 04 908 089   90
4 9088   904 99 0
385678 9 90 4 90 89 40  

0 4  0 8980 899
90
89 8009 04  04 99 0
356789 4089 
08
 90  4804 99 0
35678 9 904 908  9 0 

00 90808 9
0
899
 908
0  4808  0
35678984  90  908
08
 08  04  0 

00
4 99 0
0
3$56789 40  008804
09 
04 9089004  080
4 99 0" 0908 908  08
#0
0
3 5678 9 904 908  9  90 

088 9 90
04 900
4 9004 99 0
356789 4089
08 4 004  04 9084 09 08 
90
489 90

8089   904 9088   90
3567880 0  0
89
908  900 904908 4 0
%898
 &%89  04 900889 90
345678804
09 
04 909 908 4 00409


088
 90
 9088 908   99 0

0 12
3456789
9 90 
9089 908990090898 90898 0
90908989000990908899 90900
90808 08 0
0
356789
9 90 
9090900990
356789 9089900 808 90899099090
89900990 80 9!90908 89900
"889890#8
9070
3$5678899 900 
9008990908 908990990
9 08 9900
0
3%5678 9 90090 9080#8&0#8
90'80#890
#8
90(88090#890900"889890#8
9070)8 0
9089 00089
9 9008 90899099090
 90080 8080
0
3*56+89000$8890
0899
&08  908$00
8908900808 90
&9089890900
0
890008 90 8090+80790,80
(-0+8 0.0#8
090(8800
0
/01232/4
,&900$88908 9008900!00709 0
88 0 8$88990009088089 590 8088 0
8099090808 90 809089 90(90$!$0
8$889908089 90$0 8$88990  00 080
589089 9090$8090 909085088909090
50 8$8899908809 089
00$8890
0
62728914
)0:0;0<==*0780>0#89 90.0"980%0700?@ABCDEF
GADHDCFI@CJDKDEDCFLMEMFI@CNBNBODCFPQHDAR0+010)0<==*0S==!42=00
 0+890 9990T980"70)9
90U 0#89 90980
"899070
)0>90V0(90;"0<==*070>090#89900"50
#890#89 90W90XMECDHFI@CNBNBODCYFZCB[@EQB\BF]@^DCJQDDCF_DHD`QBD0
210ab!1=%4
)990.0<==40,0>08 0c@EB\DFI@EDORF780<==40*0
)0+90V0)9070'0<==*0?MED\F?BDEDCFI@CJBQBDCFXDdD\DCFLMEMF
e@A@EHDCJFfDgMCFhiijR0#
0"889890#8
9070
)0k0)0l- 0<==*0T0. 0+8 0 8 890. 0;80
70#88
90XMECDHFI@CNBNBODCYFZCB[@EQB\BF]@^DCJQDDCF_DHD`QBD02102!
1a0
)!m n0'0lopn0<==20)!7&0qrso0m)!.9 -080'r0!m.00
!790
)!Uot0urn07
0!'n907p090vmwo01aa%0GHxyzA{QFDHx_Mg|\R080

0 12
 34506789
50
789
540 06786406786770 6010!"#$%&'()"*+
5,-.03450/0410678
2,54-06783 56
000
784654600678/400 0076008,6600
00678465460002009:;<""&=$>?""
#$%@A()00B
70018C008
D5.067886-660067826,E
F
0060
5
560G+6
0HI5
01JJJ04,5,0K+

60/D76006L0*+5+D606760MNO(#$"
P#Q#$#:"RS(TTU#()0,6760G,V,5.096,7-
0K+

60W
X+5D
-
08676060B
700
1YZ81[Z0
*+57
+503\0C02+0H+650/VID

7
-00IE0-+D-
L0EI502+6]+50^,67
-00M_NO(#$"_`"
aS#b:SO"cTNb#_()"Cd0C81Z0
*76-I0G
60Ke0f
+7650K6,702e0\I55+60g
X
60/0d08I+7D0608+6D,5+D0IE0
*+L
LL
L02+6]+50^,67
-00
0a:S"M_NOS(#$"_`"hiSb#$"cTNb#_(j0f,+50de0
20e0VL011C81Y0
*I560430k0
670f080C02+6]+50^,67
-0060l,]6-
I670lF,67
-0.03I0
2+6]+5D0m
-0n
L+50f-6]65D8*6D+0lX67,6-
I06-
LD0\7ID+0f-,+-0
]
+X++-046VDo0
0a:S"c$S?S(#O"hb:__$"M_NO(#$)0f+V0Ce01d010V6L+0Z0
3+
L-I0G\01JY10a:S"c(b;b$_iST#"_`"cTNb#_()"Wf .02+086]
7760\IV600k0
2+095++0K5+DD0B701810
3,
08B0k0*
7+0*B01JY20a:S"hNT;"_`"aS#b:(p)0H+m0qI5.0nI7-0++65-0
60r
D-I"
96-
60r6-
0n67
0Z0K+5DI67
-
0D+5-60n,,L6060+L602+660+5s6060
,67
-
0+
,V60*++5s60
0676L604,5,0MNO(#$"RQU_$_p"P#$#;Q#"1Y.1810
4+5L+5D0840C0PN3t#?"PNQ#$#:#"#$%a#O!;;#:"u#"#$%a#3$?)0*+
5,-.03650678
H6606783 56
0060
/0086,500B667006783
008,6600/008,5600001JJY00vQ#(""#$%&'O#!)00B
700
181C00*+
5,-.036500f6
500
B,7
D60B6
0202+56D0K+L+-6,608+L6s6504,5,086-60K+76s6560K+

60
B6D6
0
0f+I7608++L6036+560*6-6L0K66L0K+56060w($(S"Sx#b#(#)0
26s,L0867
0K+56.0W
X+5D
-
0K+

60f,7-60/5
D0--V.yyVVV,VD
+,0y0
+r6]66y2+56DzK+L+-6,6-{K+L+6760|1dYY}0
++-+5
60K+76s656086760D
60~K80Y0RS(pQ#("M#u##("€NON"S?SO$#(p"
a#:N("‚ƒƒ„)0K,-56s606.0++-+5
60K+76s656086760D
60
++-+5
60K+76s656086760D
60~--0aSO?#"…NtNU#("_(QSi"€NON"S?SO$#(p)0
K,-56s606.0++-+5
60K+76s656086760D
60
+V0G0k0n6770 0n01JJ09?i#b"_`"S`S̀b†S"S#b:(p"OSQS#Ob:"_("QNTS("
#b:S†S?S("#(T"S#b:SO"iSO`_O?#(bS‡"cˆN;"#(T"#bbSQQ"?i$b#_(Q"`_O"ˆN#$;"
STNb#_(0B6]DI08f.0B6]DI0f-6-+0W
X+5D
-00~l/\03I],+-0+V5I,]-
I0
f+5X
]+0HI0l30Z2[0Zd0
86s7
D04,5,0\++576L086760D
60Y0@#O"P#t$Q"€NON"S?SO$#(p"P#$#;Q#"‚ƒƒ„)0
--V.0-V-0
8I660f6-650B6D
0f65
060 567
08I6+0d0ai"RS(TTU"S?SO$#(p)0
f+76LI5.0W-,D60K,7
]6-
ID0k03
D-5
,-I5D0f0*0
HI57
608I0f,6
7
‰Š20€NON"SO$S!:"T#:N$N"iSO$N"TTTU)0‹SO#"RSO#U)"8+
020
d0

0 12
 3454647089
90 4774 0939040900454 7090290450
4544044 0 54 50!54 4 044 04"# 0$044 0
%4&4600'()*+,-./01*,2*31044.,,5*6/7).0879,/:00%54 02;0<00640=<900
64 0909031044.,,5*>)(0?9,-.@*A*B.0879801*C-9D)*7,*E22)879?)*')08(9/FG*
>)(0?9,-.*H0/0F)5)/7*0/D*3,11)0F-)*I-JJ,.7:0K$L03#070
3#&690
M4$0M N0O#0!P00#P#00#P#0P5 901QQR90H,79?049*D0105*
B)/D9D9S0/:08#0K#7# L0T5#03#&0500U5 &#5 0M$0$90
M 0V0 0 W#P909039.9X89.9*C-.-*Y0/F*Z/FF-1@*I07-*[0\90/*[)4*D9*
>)]).0J0*>-0(*I)S,10(*H)/)/F0(*D9*H010Y490:0^# 034$$P0N90090
M 0V0 0 W#P909039.9X89.9*C-.-*Y0/F*Z/FF-1@*I07-*[0\90/*[)4*D9*
>)]).0J0*>-0(*I)S,10(*H)/)/F0(*D9*H010Y490:0^# 034$$P0N90090
M# 5034P4690^_M!33̀8!3à``91^$9b1<c90 PL0d0U47&4 0R90 0
34 70^50a# #0474 60#0d90
# 4 e45040b<c90EfJ).7*')08(9/F*[/,g1)DF)*0/D*B)D0F,FY*7,*h)0D*7()*
B.,2)449,/0b4 N90346N 03P 040$0i#W0&0c908#0K#7# L0
!55#504 N470_46 0j90
%0990_ $09k90$4090900kll70_909040 54 550l0
mll45"40$04ll45"4044 00')08().*ED-8079,/*n-0.7).1Y:0%54 0
;Q010600=Qe<o900
P#&0!901QQR90A1050/0S*B)/D9D9S0/:08#0K#7# L04 503#&60M$90$90
O$50P70K403400k&&0m90=905"084$ 0a# #04 $0
3 l4034 6# #90+-./01*B49S,1,F9*H010Y490*1dL1e19*
0
0

0 12
View publication stats