OTST SSS S STS TTS STOO, Ry gPoinc SDESERVING ESSAYS IN THE THEORY OF RESPONSIBILITY by Joel Feinberg7 www weveesoeuvoussssesTITUIVIUIIY Doing ane Deseing 5s only campenstin that i deserved by need, and shen ‘only when dhe need Blame 11am right and economic Income canoe lawl be Sonate 38 pins or reverand ca be seen Oe {le tall coal Bene all men tou dea Es court Some, of cure should recive ore money ey, eae ampenate them for greater button ot gate neeee ye {deal the compenatory sm sould be fat een ‘ng the overall balane of thi benef oe ae oe She lion {gue incomes tend 0 promote indistry and stig oo 0 to neourgesnily valuable ati sed nes pment of ocily important sills and tecniques Tee zm of mani gain might very wel make notes retin of wo much wealth that Sen the maeen wane owl be greater than the eqully shared pontons ork mater equalarian pi, Desert ence latin concep, one which ‘eadon confit with wilt: and therein no « ro rece forgiving ic autora privity over al ther heck Fee {one very import Kind of ethical conden en Je might well appear to = ‘mora’ phlomper staorbed fin the Chae teutre of is dlcpting ot morale seni wo ajo and lecing that recent hilo al dicusion ofthe protien of plnishment have somehow mised the point of hii test Recent infuenial seis have quite mie de {ingited beeen quation of defniton and jit, Seuveen juatiping general rls and paricols sectans tecween moral and Iga guile So uch ial te on When these aries go an to define "punishnenn oe tigen wo ny thar they leave outa thes Ten si ‘rer the very element that mikes puishnens ther ‘ally poling and morally diqueting,Peniuincne ooh, ned in fect asthe inflcton of hard treatment oy oo Se ‘horny on x person for his price fling ix moe epee {usally an inaction of» rule or conmand)* There oop ‘be very gma he ofthe word "puntheent” chick "well expeed by this deiniton; bot even if hee Pe pricing ec cma tee The Expressive Function of PunishmentDoing and Deserving a ditingish a nerower more émplate sense da lps through iurmetiexInpeonment a hard abo or corm {Unga flony ia cea cae of punishment inthe empaie feme. Be {ik we wou Be lee wiling to apply that term to puting tickem afiide pene, cng, Bun {pe and eaqualiestions Example ofthe Inter sor pre owt eal penal (mere) so that 1 may nguiefarther Yio dingisuer punithment, in the see and arrow Teme dat ater the morality ron other Kinde of pen (One method of answering dl queso is feus one's sttntgn onthe der of nonpaniie pnaltierin an efart {o diane wore esly SeneSsbie caraceritie commen {hem all and sbene fom all punishes on which te Aiainionetween the wo might be wounded ‘Tbe By othe yielded byes appa however, ate not sy to {uri dae seutny- One might conde, for example, that ese penalee are lew severe than punishment ihogh the general trite ot neewaly and wt ‘ely so, Agaiy we might be tempeed to nerpret penal ‘eva ee “puleag” attached to coin pa of Bey. i ier oe rate ae end eee Cave Ate ay oS Goel ctr aarctanaat So Sore onenee a teacn st onde {Phe Expreive Faeion of Pasishnent for thc are gesrly unde, s0 that only dove with Capecaty song mediation ail be lng 4. pay the ‘pocet In tis ay deliverate elas on the pao sme Frese wae o Beep rads trom urban eet o wile en areas fe fn number. and poor ie quality would be ed ar enendly a ferent fro vastus pahing Bes Tin otal perler Sn each ae eran Kod of con duec b docotnged thot beng sail prbititd: fnyone who dates srongly enough to gett the widen Sarr pu overtine, or tele with ¢pas) may do 0 Proved he i wiling to pay the penalty (pice. On his Jw, penais are tn afer enang fee ile Co {hice purchased permis in thatthe ple often pa a {vend rather than i advanct, Sct sar iterpeta tion of ponies an inplale might be alge {But the isthe ba ofthe didacion between ponales fie purifunent: However, even though # gest Unbet penis can no dubs pow be eae an eoactive Sling fs iis lly pole sew all them 21 toch Tit evan no tv, fr example of mow deme on frag and fenkings tat they aze "pies paid fox touealety conned beet and even parking fies ae ‘Sacto for res "ene to be then serious) a Staodard] of biiavor® and thor se tare hah mec i pking fe “Rathore lock fora characteris common and pee: arto te penal ou which to ground the dntnaon be teen penales and punishments, we Would be beer ade ood thnk urn our anon Yo the examples of pam. Inbment, Both pesuises and poniiment sre auboriave ESSA Sore see ee Bey ed Wk we Tae tomato Lew eda Seip mnt nea oe SePPV TIT UVIV IST OTN VIII Ding and Deering tprivavions for titre bet, apart fom thete common leatrey penal havea misellntouschaacey eicen Paishmens have an important adiional charset ‘omison, That characteris or specie diferencs 1 aad se is certain exprenive function: pune vs at sonal dvie for he expreion of Hila ee ‘nd of jdgments of deppeovar sot part eer ofthe puning seat Diet o ofthat “n whore mane” the pusiteceer i Aised. Punahmen, in shor hae t symbale Sesto ‘aagely ming from other Lins of pene, ‘Toe reprobate symbiam of junthment snd it chan ters “hard trenmen. though neer spurte in este ‘it be crf tinguted fr ppt malen Roe {obatloo is tel painful, whether or Bot tt seopanet by farther “hard creatmene,” and had tearnene ee neo imprsooment bean of is eonventonsl patetest 2a iu be repobairy Sal, we can concen te eomdemnation unacompanied by any further aed featnemt, sod of inflctont and deprivaons whch ne gute of diferent symbolic conventions have no repro fie force. 1 wl be ny hes inthis enya () ee jan treatment” spect of punishment snd is Orcs fneion must be pat of the definition of legal pacers aed thas () cath of thse aapec tases sh of ‘eran about the justifeation of lege pinshter ae ever protest seme ofthe os pa ‘ent des and some of the conespenl pabice Irene, Sannot be iceligity deerted welew (9 ten Soa et the Incberenc of lana orm ofthe rete teen, ‘reulfom failure to appreciate te freely 1 ‘That the exprenion of che community condemns ign an etn ingredient in legal punihnea i aely Acknowledged by lege writer. Henry M. Hart fr eee le vs eloquent empha ibe pols The Bxpenve Fencton of Punishment oc nginx i om el eo nd at a ings vee te ap Perc pnt al equ en Sele rae ena ‘5 ro pies hanes ae Te Selo Be ti othe har eyed ‘io a pee a ee ae saben he feo ea re SS cttw panes en” poy he oto yy sesth sits Sole h nonie Soa Wa ee en pee i ee ee Sy Ine he ements Be Bat pl cnmqnar oy i eee Frofeaor Harts compendious definition need quien Hon in one respec. The moral condemnation aad te leant coneienct” tat heigl identifer neon Yom nouidhiment eo what 1 uke tobe the herael of eh in Harts analy, While avoiding, ae bet Ica, hie cont 5 sal begin with that das of scion sentences for which ‘Hares amaigas ba the great rine focie plasty ote abating to thie mbjece various Kind of sbtand. afd performance, ® IE crow down my cards atthe end of = hand of and, with anger in ay vole, sy to another player