Population Sample

Mean:
∑ mf
𝜇= ∑ mf
N x̅ =
n
m= midpoint, f=frequency
Variance:
∑ 2
f(m-𝜇) ∑ f(m-x̅)2
𝜎2 = 2
s =
N n−1

Standard deviation:

s = √s 2
𝜎 = √𝜎 2

short-cut formula for variance for grouped data

2
(∑ mf)
∑ m2 f−
𝜎2 = N
(population)
N

2
(∑ mf)
∑ m2 f−
s2 = n
(sample)
n−1

Number of classes: 2k ≥ n
k= number of classes, n= total number of data points in the set

Range lower +upper

Class width = number of classes midpoint = 2