972672020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020,Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Eng 102: English Reading Skills-Final Examination Summer 2020,Total Marks: 30,Time: 75 mins. Question One: Read the article and answer the questions that follow. (8X1)=5 MARKS A. Abuilding reflects the scientific and technological achievements of the age as well as, the ideas and aspirations of the designer and client. The appearance of individual buildings, however, is often controversial. The use of an architectural style cannot be said to start or finish on a specific date. Neither is it possible to say exactly what characterises a particular movernent. But the origin of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to the social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries. B. _ Instead of using timber, stone and traditional building techniques, architects began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest technology and materials such as steel, glass and concrete strengthened steel bars, known as reinforced concrete, Technological advances also helped bring about the decline of rural industries and an increase in urban populations as people moved to the towns to work in the new factories. ‘Such rapid and uncontrolled growth helped to turn parts of cities into slums. C. By the 1920s architects throughout Europe were reacting against the conditions created by industrialisation. A new style of architecture emerged to reflect more idealistic notions for the future. It was made possible by new materials and construction techniques and was known as Modernism. By the 1930s many buildings emerging from this movement were designed in the International Style. This was largely characterised by the bold use of new materials and simple, geometric forms, often with white walls supported by stilt like pillars. These were stripped of unnecessary decoration that would detract from their primary purpose to be used or lived in. By the 1950s, the International Style had developed into a universal approach to building, which standardised the appearance of new buildings in cities across the world D. Unfortunately, this Modernist interest in geometric simplicity and function became exploited for profit. The rediscovery of quick-and-easy-to-handle reinforced concrete and an Fl improved ablity to prefabricate building sections meant that builders could meet the hiidaate af rammiccinnina aitharitias and handla a ranawad damand frr davalanmant hitpsdocs. google. comiformsde/1FAlpQLSIDOMGgoMUTP-hRu6JDeE SwUTAdh2aAdmiygLv7aN ivFiVnOiviewioem?_submission=ChkINQWSZU.... 1/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020 Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Wuuyete UF LUMHooMINY auc au HAIG @ reHeReU UeIHalu jr UeFeHUpEr quickly and cheaply. But this led to many badly designed buildings, which discredited the original aims of Modernism. E. Influenced by Le Corbusier's ideas on town planning, every large British city built multi- storey housing estates in the 1960s. Mass produced, low-cost high-rises seemed to offer a solution to the problem of housing a growing inner-city population. But far from meeting human needs, the new estates often proved to be windswept deserts lacking essential social facilities and services. Many of these buildings were poorly designed and constructed and have since been demolished F. By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose. Preserving historic buildings or keeping only their facades (or fronts) grew common. Architects also began to make more use of building styles and materials that were traditional to the area. The architectural style usually referred to as High Tech was also emerging. It celebrated scientific and engineering achievements by openly parading the sophisticated techniques used in construction. Such buildings are commonly made of metal and glass; examples are Stansted airport and the Lloyd's building in London, G. _Disillusionment at the failure of many of the poor imitations of Modernist architecture led to interest in various styles and ideas from the past and present. By the 1980s the coexistence of different styles of architecture in the same building became known as Post- Modern. Other architects looked back to the classical tradition. The trend in architecture now favours smaller scale building design that reflects a growing public awareness of environmental issues such as energy efficiency. Like the Modernists, people today recognise that a well-designed environment improves the quality of life but is not necessarily achieved by adopting one well-defined style of architecture. H. Twentieth century architecture will mainly be remembered for its tall buildings. They have been made possible by the development of light steel frames and safe passenger lifts. They originated in the US over a century ago to help meet the demand for more economical use of land. As construction techniques improved, the skyscraper became a reality Choose the paragraph letters for the paragraph titles given bellow. Your email address (2021120@Iub.edu.bd) will be recorded when you submit this form. Not you? Switch account * Required Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings * Choose ¥ hitpssdocs. google. comiforms/e/1FAlpQLSIDDMGgbMUTP-hRub JDeESwuTAdh2aAdmiygLv7aN ivFivVnGiviewlorm?hr_submission=ChkInQWSZU.... 2/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Q triste requred question Reflection of future through international design. * Choose ¥ The idea of affordable skyscrapers failed. * High rise turned into in actuality. * Choose ¥ Buildings become simple and functional. * Choose ¥972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Question Two: Read the text and answer the questions that follow. (10x01)=10 marks The Statue OF Liberty More than a million people immigrate to the United States to start new lives every year, and if they are arriving in New York, one of the first sights that they will see is the Statue of Liberty, The Statue of Liberty sstands on Liberty Island, near Manhattan in New York, Though she is often thought to be resident of New York, Liberty Island is actually federal property, which means that the Statue of Liberty belongs to the whole country, The Statue of Liberty is not only the tallest statue in America, its also one of the most recognizable American symbols The Statue of Liberty is huge. From the tip of the torch to the pedestal on which she stands, she is just over 151 feet tall. If you include the pedestal in your measurement, she stands more than 305 feet off of the ground. That's more than 30 basketball hoops or an entire football field. Her waist size is 35 feet, which would make it awfully tough to find pants, and the tablet she holds is 23 feet long. Don't worry though; she hasr't had any trouble holding that tablet yet with her 8 foot index finger. Talk about heavy handed. ‘Though America financed and built the pedestal on which the Statue of Liberty stands, the statue itself was a gift from France. In this way the complete work, much like the United States, is a product of both ‘American and French contributions. At one time America was ruled by the British. The founding fathers of America chose to fight against Great Britain for the independence of their country. France supported ‘America by providing money, men, and weapons of war. Had it not been for French contributions during the Revolutionary War, America would not exist in the way that it does today; therefore, itis quite fitting that the Statue of Liberty, which represents freedom, came to being by a joint American and French effort. On October 28th, 1886, just over one-hundred years after America declared its independence from Great Britain, the Statue of Liberty was completed and dedicated by its designer, Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Pethaps no person did more to bring the statue into being than Bartholdi. Not only did Barthaldi gain both French and American approval for the project, he led the French fundraising efforts and designed the appearance of the statue. The appearance of the Statue of Liberty is somewhat derived from Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom. The torch represents how liberty enlightens the world. The seven points cr rays coming from the top of the crown represent the sun, the seven seas, the seven continents, and (as With the torch) how liberty enlightens the warld, Though much of the statue was modeled after depictions of goddesses, Bartholdi modeled the face after his mother. Now that’s a Mother's Day gift that's hard to top, ‘Though Bartholdi was responsible for the external appearance of statute, the internal design can be largely credited to innovative designer, Gustave Eiffel. Though Mr. Eiffel is best known for his contributions to a tower in Paris that is named after him, he also engineered the internal structure that holds up the Statue of Liberty. Eiffel chose to use a flexible structure, so that changes in the temperature ‘and strong winds from the ocean would not cause the statue to crack, Because of Eiffel's crafty design, the Statue of Liberty may sway as much as three inches on a windy day. If the winds exceed 50 miles per hour, the torch may sway five inches, Eiffel is also responsible for including two spiraling staircases on FEL lnterior ofthe statue to help vistors reach the observation point inthe crown, While most people appreciate the Statue of Liberty today, during its construction in the 1870s, many hntpssdocs. googl.comiformslae/1FAlpQLSIDOAGgpMUTP-hRUbDeESwuTAdh2aABmWgLy7AN ivFiWVnGiviewlorm?hr_subrissir rktnnaWezu... 4/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Americans were critical of the project, Some took issue with the fact that Bartholdi was French. They believed that American monuments should be designed and constructed by Americans. Others felt that the statue wasn't much of a gift since it required Americans to foot the bill for the pedestal. After the Panic of 1873, America fell into a deep economic depression that lasted through much of the 1870s, (During an economic depression people spend less money and itis harder to find jobs.) Because the nation was going through a depression, many Americans thought that money should not be spent to Support a giant French statue. | think most Americans would now agree that it was a good investment, Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Which of the following statements is false? * © The guy who built the Eiffel Tower also designed the inside of the Statue of Liberty. © Bartholdi got permission from both the French and the US to build the statue CO The Eiffel Tower was a gift to the Americans from the people of France. © The Statue of Liberty is located on federal property. Which best expresses the author's purpose in wri ing the last paragraph? * O Todescribe what a depression is © To argue why the Statue of Liberty was a good investment © Toexplain why some people were against building the statue © To show that some people did not think very highly of the French Which of the following is an opinion? * © The Statue of Liberty may sway 3 inches on a windy day. © The Statue of Liberty cost a tremendous amount of money to build. © The Statue of Liberty is over 151 feet tall © The Statue of Liberty was sculpted by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi.972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Which of the following statements is false? * © The Statue of Liberty's waste size is 35 feet. © The Statue of Liberty is over 151 feet tall. © The pedestal underneath the Statue of Liberty is 305 tall © The tablet that the Statue of Liberty holds is 23 feet long. Information in the second paragraph is mainly organized using which text structure? * © Chronological order © Order of importance © Cause and effect © Spatial order Which of the following is not one of the ways that Bartholdi contributed to the statue? * © He gained financing to complete the project from France, CO He sculpted the exterior of the statue. © He gained approval for the project from the U.S. and from France. a © He designed the interior of the statue. hitpsdocs. google. comiformsde/1FAlpQLSIDOMGgbMUTP-hRubJDeESwuTAdh2aAdmiygLv7aN ivFiVnGiviewlorm?hr_submission=ChkINQWSZU... 6/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Which best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph? * © The statue was a joint effort between France and the U.S. just like U.S. independence. © The US. was once a colony of Great Britain. O Tiestatue of tiberty was dedicated 100 years after America declared its independence. CO France assisted the United States in the Revolutionary War. Which is not a reason why people criticized the Statue of Liberty during its construction? * ‘Some people felt that the statue should have been bigger. ‘Some people felt that France should have paid for the statue and the pedestal. ‘Some people felt that the statue should have been built by an American. ‘Some people felt that America shouldn't spend money on a statue during a depression. OoO0°0 Which is not represented by the seven points on the crown of the Statue of Liberty according to the text? * © The points represent the seven days of creation, © The points represent the seven continents. a © The points represent the sun. nn hitpsdocs. google. comiformsle/FAipQLSIDDMGgoMUTP-hRU6JDeESwuTAdh2aAGmiygLv7aN ivFiVnGiviewlorm?hr_submission=ChkInaWSZU.... 7/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Utne points represent now iperty eniigntens tne worta, Which best expresses the author's purpose in writing this text? * © To inform readers with interesting facts about the Statue of Liberty © Toentertain readers with stories about the construction of the Statue of Liberty © To describe the appearance of the Statue of Liberty. © To persuade people to visit the Statue of Liberty Question Three: Read about this floriculture, then answer the questions putting either TRUE for true, FALSE for false or NG for “Not Given”. (5X1, marks Flowers have long been symbols of love and caring. People send them to express sympathy, to apologise, cr just wish someone well. But today, floriculzure the growing and selling of flowers ~ is very big business, worth £2.2 billion a year in the UK alone. The majority of the cutflowers sold there are imported, these days mostly from countries such as Colombia and Kenya. The Netherlands is the traditfonal centre of flower production in Europe, and remains a major supplier of flowers. In recent years, however, as labour and production costs have soared, attention there has shifted from flower production to flower trading. Meanwhile, the Kenyan cut-lower industry has grown rapidly, and now provides a vital income for around two million people. Itis the country’s largest agricultural foreign exchange earner after tea, producing £165 million annually. 05 For the environmentally conscious, it might seem wasteful that a commodity such as flowers shoulé travel halfway around the world before arriving at a supermarket or florist shop. Just as some environmentalists say that i's better to buy fruit and vegetables grown locally, some also advocate the buying of locally-grown flowers. Thanks to globalisation, however, the UK cut-flower industry now ‘supplies just ten per cent of the country’s needs. Twenty years ago it was more like half. What's more, it is Suggested that reversing this trend would actually have serious environmental consequences. Research published in 2006 by Cranfield University in the UK showed that the production of Kenyan flowers, including delivery by air freight and truck, resulted in a carbon footprint nearly six times smaller than that caused by the produetion of Dutch flowers. Kenya has optimal growing conditions and the warm Aftican sun provides heat and light, whereas growers in the Netherlands and other developed ‘countries require significant inputs of gas and electticity to grow flowers year-round in artificial climate controlled environments. But there are other environmental factors to consider, Avast range of pesticides, fertilisers and funigants ate used in producing cut lowers. Lake Naivasha, the centre of Kenya's flower industry is the idea! place to grow roses, thaks tts high altitude and abundant sunlight and water. However, environmental damage has resulted frm the development that FEE ras folowed in the wake of foricultur. Lake Nalvasha itself has shvunk to haf ts oil size, with water levels dropping by three metres, ish catches falling and the native hippopotamus feeling the htp:tdocs. gol comstemsldlFAlpQLSTOOHgDMLT-u6JDeEQa TAdhZansiygLv7ANvFWnOewfar sui972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020,Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. effects of pollution, Meanwhile, transporting flowers over long distances poses its own set of challenges, Roses, for example, have to be shipped by air rather than sea because they require constant refrigeration otherwise they wilt quickly, Transporting other types of flowers by sea can also be tricky compared to ait freight. Demand is difficult to predict, which means entire shipping containers can seldom be filled with a single species, but mixing flowers is often inadvisable because some varieties emit gases that spoil others, One strategy is to opt for heartier breeds such as carnations and lilles which are easier to ship and require less refrigeration than rose. In recent years, cut flowers have become more expensive to grow in the Netherlands. * Choose + More people are employed in the cut-flower industry in Kenya than in Europe. * The UK has seen a marked decline in the proportion of locally-grown cut flowers onsale. * Choose ¥ Flowers represent Kenya's most valuable agricultural export. Choose ¥ The Lake Naivasha region produces a range of cut flowers including roses. *972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Question Four: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the given options: 5 marks River Nile Dam ‘Adam on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is escalating (1) in the region, African Unione talks between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam broke down on Monday. There are fears that the filling ofthe dam could lead to (2) conflict. Ethiopia is constructing the dam to supply electricity to its rural areas, itis the largest hydroelectric dam in Africa and is two-thirds finished Ethiopia has started fling the dam, which has raised (3) in Cairo, Egypt views the dam as an “existential threat" and is concerned the dam will educe its water supplies. Most of Egypt's water comes entirely from the Nile, particularly during times of (4) ___. The Blue Nile originates in natural springs above Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It supplies the majority of the water for the Nile River. The Blue Nile (5) ___ With the White Nile near Khartoum in Sudan Adam on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is escalating (1)__in the region. * Choose oa African Union-led talks between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam broke down on Monday. There are fears that the filling of the dam could lead to (2)__conflict. * Choose + Egypt views the dam as an “existential threat” and is concerned the dam will reduce its water supplies. Most of Egypt's water comes entirely from the Nile, particularly during times of (4)__.* hitpssdocs. google. comiformslde/1FAlpQLSIDOAGgbMUTP-hAubDeESwuTAdh2aABmWgLy TAN vFiWVnGiviewlorm?hr_submissior Choose + rktntawez.... 10/74972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. Ethiopia is constructing the dam to supply electricity to its rural areas. It is the largest hydroelectric dam in Africa and is two-thirds finished. Ethiopia has started filling the dam, which has raised (3) _in Cairo. * Choose ¥ The Blue Nile originates in natural springs above Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It supplies the majority of the water for the Nile River. The Blue Nile (5)__ with the White Nile near Khartoum in Sudan. * Choose ¥ hitpsdocs. google. comiformside/1FAlpQLSIDDMGgbMuTP-hRubJDeESwuTAdh2aAsmiygLv7aN ivFiVnGiviewlorm?hr_submission=ChkInaWSZ.... 11/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. ‘Question Five: Read the text below. After you have read, fill in the numbered blanks from the selection of words given below. The correct choice of words will complete the sense of this SUMMARY of the reading passage. (5x1)=05 marks BAKELITE: The Birth Of Modern Plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material, His invention, which he named ‘Bakelite’, was of enormous. technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term ‘plastic’ comes from the Greek plassein, meaning ‘to mould’, Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are ‘thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are ‘thermosetting’: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed forever, Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of today's plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors - immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwinaling supplies of luxury’ materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory. Baekeland's interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he ‘embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol {catbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899, ‘and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland's major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Backeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, ane then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and. EE ™isture resistance, catalysts (6ubstances to speedup the rection between two chemicals without jeining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and hitpssdocs. google. comiforms/a/FAlpQLSIDDMGgbMuTP-hRu6 JDeESWUTAdhZaABmiygLv7aN ivFivVnQlviewform?hr_submission=ChKIM3W8Z... 12/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020, Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. ‘ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects ‘The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the moulding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract, A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was moulded in separate pieces, Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould, Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the ‘smooth, ‘streamlined’ style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also ‘crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in ‘order to make the most efficient use of machines. Baekeland’s invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion the material of a thousand uses’. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating: properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns, of the prepfastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals ance again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material ‘Summary of the passage: ‘Some plastics behave in a similar way to candlewax in that they melt under heat and can be 1) into new forms. Bakelite was 2) because it was the first material to be both entirely synthetic in origin, and thermosetting. There were several motives for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, 3). them the great 4) that had been made in the field of chemistry and the search for natural 5) resources lke ivory an resource Some plastics behave in a similar way to candlewax in that they melt under heat and can be 1) into new forms. * Choose ¥ Bakelite was 2) because it was the first material to be both entirely synthetic in origin, and thermosetting. * rktntawez... 19/14972612020 Eng 102: English Reading Skils-Final Examination Summer 2020,Total Marks! 30, Time: 75 mins. 4) that had been made in the field of chemistry * There were several motives for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, 3), them the great * Choose ¥ and the search for natural 5) resources like ivory an resource. * Choose ¥ Page 1 of 1 This form was created inside of Independent University Bangladesh, Report Abuse hitpssdocs. google. comiformslde/1FAlpQLSIDOAGgbMUTP-hAubJDeESwuTAdh2aABmWgLy TAN vFiWnGiviewlorm?hr_submissior know, vane