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Cu Hrbw ?a Fl` ab i^ A loqb Gkqbo^j bof`^k^ab Bbob`elp Frj ^klp,
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DĐB ÇÅĆM
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ÅÅN ÂĬÏĮĖĦÊ HĖĪĚĪÏĮĞĒÍN
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ŌNŎN DĖGĮIĔÍ GĪÊĔÍM ĤÊĬ ĤĖKĖĬ ĒÍIĬİĞİĮĒĞÍIÊĤĖĬĿ ĤÍĬ İĪÊİÊĔÍĬ ĔĖ ĔĖĪĖĒĜÍĬ

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abkqbabi^PbmÉ_if`^*irbdlabobbu^jfk^o
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kbd^opb^ i^ o^qfcf`^`fÇkbk`^plnrb8
à ?m^obw`^k`fo`rkpq^k`f^pmliÄqf`^pk^+
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abi jfpjl,
A' A^kgbabo^qfcf`^`flkbplfkpqorjbkqlpo^qf+
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ab abob`elp erj^klp9 ab pl_bo^kÄ^* a l +
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bk bi abob`el fkqbokl* i^ Jbv 04425 bpq^_ib`b
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fkpqorj bkqlabo^qfcf`^`fÇk,
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rkqo^q^alvrk^ kloj^ fkqbok^*i^Alksbk`fÇk :
abTfbk^pl_obbiBbob`elabilpRo^q^alp&/747' c+g
bpq^_ib`bnrbqlalqo^q^albksfdlol_ifd^^i^p (
m^oqbpvab_bpbo`rj mifal mlobii^pab _rbk^ r
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mbor^k^*biCpq^alab_b* mofjbol* moljlsboi^
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plk i^ppfdrfbkqbp8
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a' Jlp jlarp sfsbkaf plk ilp ^`rboalp mol+
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071
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ab `fboqlp eb`elp* `lksbop^`flkbp l obpl+
ir`flkbp bk bi j^o`l ab rk^ `lkcbobk`f^
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l_gbqlabobdri^oi^pfqr^`fÇkgroÄaf`^abi^
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d' Jlp `lj molj fplp plk ilp fkpqorj bkqlp
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alkab `lkpq^k i^ j^qbof^ l i^p`rbpqflkbp
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qb^k rk ^ojfpqf`fl bk bi `lkqbuql ab rk^
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l j}pbpq^alppl_ob rk mrkqlababob`el
l ab mliÄqf`^ fkqbok^`flk^i* obpmb`ql abi
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bi obpdr^oal ab rk^ bi^_lo^`fÇk kloj ^qfs^
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ab qo^ q^ a l p 9 i^ ^ m ol _ ^ ` fÇ k  ab i^ Jbv ab
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Arbkq^Ebkbo^iabi^ PbmÉ_if`^,
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nrb `ob^k rk o~dfjbk gr oÄa f`l  m^oqf`ri^o bk
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i^p ibvbp^ i^ jbafa^ ,
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bpq^_ib`b `i^ o^ j b k qb  nrb pr gb o^ on r Ä^  bp
eljlild^`lk i^ ibv,
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a fpm l pf`fl k b p nrb m b oj fqb k  b pq^ _ ib `bo i^
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pr bi^_lo^`fÇkv^mol_^`fÇk,
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J^ A l k p q f q r ` f Ç k  v i^ b p q o r ` q r o ^  g b o } o n r f ` ^  ab i ^p k l o j ^ p  bk bi Q f p q b j ^  H r o Ä a f ` l  L ^ ` f l k ^ i 
?i obpmb`ql* bi ^oqÄ`ril 72 ab i^ Alkpqfqr`fÇk :
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bk bi `^pl K^krbi J^gl J^wl &Cumbafbkqb LÖ
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a b`fpflkbp gr ofp a f` ` fl k ^ ib p  nrb ^ a l m q^  bi
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pbafpmlkbi^bumripfÇkabrk^ibvlkloj^`lk
crbow^abibv*bko^wÇkabe^_bopfalab`i^o^a^
s fd b k qb  `lk fk co^ ` ` fÇ k  ^i m ol ` b a fj fb k ql 
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vcfk^k`fbol,
073
 Ci fk`fpl /7abi ^oqÄ`ril //6 ab i^ Alkpqfqr`fÇk
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075
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bumobp^jbkqb^iAlkdobplabi^ PbmÉ_if`^,
Ck bcb`ql* af`elp mob`bmqlp plk bk mofk`fmfl
fk ` l k p qfqr ` fl k ^ ib p  m lo bj ^k^o ab Ç od ^k l 
fk`ljmbqbkqb v bumbafalp ^i j^odbk abi Äqbo
mol`bafjbkq^ibufdfalmloi^Alkpqfqr`fÇk,
?elo^ _fbk* `ljl `i^o^jbkqb il e^ bumrbpql
biRof_rk^iAlkpqfqr`flk^i bk bi`^pl K^o`bifkl
RfkblQfis^&CumbafbkqbLÖ.../.+0..0+?G-RA'bp
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ilpeb`elp
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jr`elp `^plp* bcb`qlp b`lkÇjf`lp* pl`f^ibp v
mliÄqf`lp foobsbopf_ibp*il`r^i fjmif`^ i^ kb`bpf+
a^a ab mobpbos^o i^ `boqfarj _ob v bpq^_fifa^a
abaf`e^p`lkpb`rbk`f^pgroÄaf`^p,
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cf`flp* `lk`bpflkbp*bq`,*nrb ilpab`obqlp ibvbp
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bki^fk`boqfarj_oblara^^`bo`^abprdl`b^i
obfkpq^ro^opbbipfpqbj^`lkpqfqr`flk^i,
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`lkqfkrfa^a* molilkd^k pr sfdbk`f^ bk bi dl+
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fk`lkpqfqr`flk^ifa^a*rksf`flprpq^k`f^i,
Ck`lkpb`rbk`f^*bimolkrk`f^jfbkqlabiprmob+
jl fkq~omobqb o^af`^o} bk i^ `lkpq^q^`fÇk abi
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abi`rjmifjfbkqlabilpab`obqlpibvbpbpl_pbo+
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076 T Ä ` q l o  M p ` ^ o  Q e Ä v f k  E ^ o ` Ä ^  Rlj^
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abqbkboklpbkbi^k}ifpfpabipbdrkal`^pl,
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sfdbk`f^ ab ilp ab`obqlp ibvbp pb mol`bp^ ab
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sfsbklj^kqfbkbkprsfdbk`f^+proqfbkalqlalp
ilp bcb`qlp ibd^ibp+ kl l_pq^kqb molar`fopb i^
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pb^bi`^pl,
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pbdrofa^agroÄaf`^,
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ab rk dl_fbokl ab c^ ` ql + prodbk fkbsfq^_ib+
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}ob^p ab mboplk^i* qbploboÄ^* ^_^pqb`fjfbkql*
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J^pobplir`flkbpab^i`^iaÄ^*plki^pafpmlpf`fl+
kbp nrb bumfabk i^p j}ufj^p ^rqlofa^abp ab
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^aj fkfpqo^qfsl abofs^alp ab i^p plif`fqrabp ab
ilpsb`fklpv e^`bk obcbobk`f^ ^ prgbqlpabqbo+
jfk^alp,
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^ aj fkfpqo^`fÇk* nrb ^almq^ rk cr k `fl k ^ofl 
ab kfsbi v ab ^iq^ `lkcf^kw^ ab rk bkqb d r +
_bok^j bkq^i,
1.0 T Ä ` q l o  M p ` ^ o  Q e f v fk  E ^ o ` Ä ^  Rlj^
Qbbumfabk bkcrk`fÇk ab i^p^qof_r`flkbpnrb
ibp`lk`babki^ibvlod}kf`^abipb`qlo*biobdi^+
jbkqlabi^ ibvlod}kf`^*bq`,
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Qlk afpmlpf`flkbp nrb obprbisbk `lkqolsbo+
pf^p ab k^qro^ibw^ gr ofpa f``fl k ^ i l ^aj fkfp+
qo^qfs^,NlobuqbkpfÇke^`bkobcbobk`f^^^`qlp
ab sl ir kq^ a  _fi^qbo^i l rkfi^qbo^i mlo m^oqb
ab mofs^alp9 ilp `r^ibp bgbo`bk ^ qof_ rql p ab
obdri^`fÇk kloj ^qfs^ pl_ob ^prkqlp ab if_ob
afpmlpf`fÇk,
Ck bcb`ql* `lj mobkabk i^p ab`fpflkbp gr ofp +
af``flk^ibplabgrpqf`f^ ^aj fkfpqo^qfs^ prodf+
a^p ^ mbqf`fÇk ab ilp m^oqf`ri^obp* l ^`qlp ab
bpqlp pfk fkqbosbk`fÇk bpq^ar^i nrb dbkbo^k
abob`elp v ab_bobp ab `^o}`qbo mboplk^i l
`lksbk`flk^i,
Ck bpbpbkqfal* i^ m^oqbbp^nrbiqfqr i^ oab rk
abob`el l ab_bo nrb obnrfbob l fj mbqo^ i^
ab`i^o^`fÇk mlo rk^ pbkqbk`f^ l obplir`fÇk
^aj fkfpqo^qfs^,
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J^p bgb`rqlof^p prmobj^p* plk i^p pbkqbk`f^p
bumbafa^p bk Éiqfj ^ fkpq^k`f^ mlobi ôod^kl
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fj mrdk^qlofl,Ckmrofa^a*dlw^kabi fkpqfqrql
ab i^ `lp^grwd^a^,
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plk i^p pbkqbk`f^p bumbafa^p mlo bi Rof_rk^i
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K ^dfpqo^qro^* plk i^p obplir`flkbp bumbafa^p
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^ a j fk fp qo^ qfs ^ * plk i^p ob p l ir ` fl k b p  b u+
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` l k qfb k b k  a b ` fp fl k b p  s fk ` r i^ a ^ p  `lk ilp
ab_bobp v abob`elp ab ilp cr k ` fl k ^ ofl p  l
pbosfalobp ab i^ ? aj fk fpqo^`fÇk  mÉ_if`^* l
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rk^ ob m ^oqf`fÇk bpq^q^i, Cpq^p`^rp^k bpq^al*
b j mbol kl dlw^k abi fk p qfqr ql  ab i^ `lp^
grwd^a^* v^ nrb mrbabk pbo l _ gb ql  ab rk^
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R of_rk^i Dfp`^i* bq`,
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Jlp`lksbkflp`lib`qfslpabqo^_^gl*plkilpnrb :
`lkqfbkbk rk ^`rboal ab slirkq^abp bkqob bi X
bjmib^alovilpqo^_^g^alobp, c_
o
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abslirkq^abpbkqobalplj}pmboplk^p*`lkbi
l_gbqlab`ob^osÄk`rilpabjrqrlpabob`elpv
l_ifd^`flkbp,
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qbpq^alo* v pb bk`rbkqo^k sfk`ri^a^p `lk i^
crqro^afpmlpf`fÇkabprp_fbkbp,
A^_b pbÅ^i^o nrb i^p obplir`flkbp ab ilp Çod^+
klp ab grpqf`f^ ^aj fkfpqo^qfs^* ilp `lksbkflp
`lib`qfslp ab qo^_^gl* ilp `lkqo^qlp v ilp qbpq^+
jbkqlp mrbabk pbol_gbqlab`rbpqflk^jfbkql
grofpaf``flk^i^kqbbiNlaboHraf`f^ilbiRof_rk^i
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bk rk^gbo^onrÄ^fkqo^`^qbdlof^i,
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