DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL,
et al.Williams obstetrics. In: Cesarean delivery and peripartum hysterectomy.
24th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2014. p.587-8.
2. Suryati T. (Analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2010) Persentase operasi caesaria
di Indonesia melebihi standard maksimal, apakah sesuai indikasi medis.
Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan. 2012;15(4):331-8.
3. Vagel JP, Betran AP, Vindevoghel N, Souza JP, Torloni MR, Zhang J, et al.
Use of the Robson classification to assess caesarean section trends in 21
countries: a secondary analysis of two WHO multicountry surveys. Lancet
Global Health. 2015;3:260-70
4. Balitbang Kemenkes RI. Riset kesehatan dasar, RISKESDAS. Jakarta:
Balitbang Kemenkes RI; 2013. p.174-5.
5. Farrer H. Perawatan maternitas. In: Persalinan yang dibantu. Edisi 2. Jakarta:
EGC; 2001. p.161.
6. Oxorn H, Forte WR. Ilmu kebidanan, patologi dan fisiologi persalinan.
Hakimi M, editor. In: Sectio Caesarea. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Esentia Medika;
2010. p.634.
7. Pratiwi R. Penurunan intensitas nyeri akibat luka post section caesarea
setelah dilakukan latihan teknik relaksasi pernafasan menggunakan
aromaterapi lavender di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung (thesis). Universitas
Padjadjaran: 2012. p.2-4.
8. Karlstrom A, Olofsson RE, Norbergh KG, Sjoling M, Hildingsson I.
Postoperative pain after cesarean birth affects breastfeeding and infant care.
JOGNN. 2007;36:430-40.
9. Hamlin AS, Robertson TM. Pain and complementary therapies. Crit Care
Nurs Clin N Am. 2017;5:1-12.
10. Kumar KH, Elavarasi P. Definition of pain and classification of pain
disorders. Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights. 2016;3:87-90.
11. Philips DM. JCAHO pain management standards are unveiled. Joint
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
2000;284(18):428-9.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 43

12. Jessica LS, Charles ES, Christopher PB. Postoperative pain control. Surg
Clin N Am. 2015;39:2.
13. Brand K, Thorpe B. Pain assessment in children. Anaesthesia and Intensive
Care Medicine. 2016;7:1.
14. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S,
Brennan T, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice
guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of
Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive
Committee, and Administrarive Council. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-57.
15. Gramke HF, Rijke JM, Kleef M, Kessels AGH, Peters ML, Sommer M, et al.
Predictive factors of postoperative pain after day-case surgery. Clin J Pain.
2008;25:455-60.
16. Use of complementary health approaches in the U.S. 10 most common
complementary health approaches among adults-2012. National Center for
Complementary and Integrative Health. https://nccih.nih.gov/file/3039 -
Diakses 10 Oktober 2017.
17. Solehati T, Rustina Y. Benson relaxation technique in reducing pain intensity
in women after caesarean section. Anesthesiology Pain Medicine. June
2015;5(3):1-5.
18. Miller KM, Perry PA. Relaxation technique and postoperative pain in
patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PubMed. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov -
Diakses 5 Desember 2017.
19. Taddio A, Appleton M, Bortolussi R, Shah V, Chambers C. Reducing the
pain of childhood vaccination : on evidence-based clinical practice guideline.
CMAJ. 2010;18:182.
20. Asimin NF, Kumaat L, Lalenoh D. Perbandingan nyeri pasca seksio sesarea
pada penderita yang diberikan ketorolak dan tramadol dengan petidin. Jurnal
e-Clinic. 2015;3(3):830-7.
21. Sitorus S. Pemberdayaan ibu hamil terhadap perilaku pemilihan persalinan
upaya menurunkan sectio caesarea indikasi non medis di klinik santi dan
adinda kota Medan (disertasi). Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2016.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 44

22. Prawirohardjo S. Ilmu kebidanan. In: Pembedahan dengan laparotomi. Edisi
4. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirodiharjo; 2010. p. 863-70.
23. Andriani D. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tindakan seksio sesarea di
rumah sakit umum daerah kabupaten Dompu tahun 2010. Universitas
Indonesia. 2012.
24. Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. In: Ostendorf WR, editor.
Fundamentals of nursing. 9th ed. Unites States: Elsevier; 2017. p.1022.
25. Meliala L, Pinzon R. Breakthrough in management of acute pain. Dexa
Media. 2007;20(4):151-5.
26. Smith MT, South SM. Pain pharmacology and analgesia. 2 nd volume.
Australia: EOLSS. 2008. p.4.
27. Patricia HB, Edward CC, June LD, Jeffery AK, Christine M, editors. Pain :
current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments.
American: National Pharmaceutical Council; 2001. p.5-38.
28. Kevin LZ, Lynette MP, Evelyn C. A pocket guide to pain management. In:
Pathophysiology of pain. 4th ed. Newton: Inflexxion; 2010. p.17-20.
29. John FB, David CM, John DW. Morgan & Mikhail’s clinical anesthesiology.
In: Chronic pain management. 5th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education;
2013. p.1036-7.
30. Spinal recordings suggest that wide-dynamic-range neurons mediate
sympathetically maintained pain-1988. PubMed. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov -
Diakses 5 Desember 2017.
31. Smeltzer SC, Bare BG. Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-
Surgical Nursing. In: Pain management. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 223-5.
32. Gibson SJ, Chambers CT. Pain over the life span: a developmental
perspective. In: Thomas H, Kenneth DC, editors. Pain: Psychological
Perspectives. London: Psychology Press; 2012. p.113-54.
33. Li SF, Greenwald PW, Gennis P, Bijur PE, Gallagher EJ. Effect of age on
acute pain perception of a standardized stimulus in the Emergency
Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38(6):644-7.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 45

34. Journal of Neuroscience (March 2017). Sex differences in brain activity alter
pain therapies. Georgia State University. http://news.gsu.edu/2017/03/02/sex-
differences-in-brain-activity-alter-pain-therapies - Diakses 8 November 2017.
35. Clancy J, McVicar A. Physiology and anatomy for nurses and healthcare
practitioners: a homeostatic approach. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: CRC Press;
2009. p.19.
36. Salbiah. Penurunan tingkat nyeri saat menstruasi melalui latihan abdominal
stretching the menstruation pain level decline by abdominal stretching
exercise. JIK. 2016:72-82.
37. Jaury DF, Kumaat L, Tambajong HF. Gambaran nilai VAS (visual analogue
scale) pasca bedah seksio sesar pada penderita yang diberikan tramadol.
Jurnal E-Clinic. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id – Diakses 3 Oktober 2017.
38. Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales.
Pediatric Nursing. 1988;14(1):9-17.
39. Fadinie W, Arifin H, Wijaya DW. Perbandingan penilaian visual analog scale
dari injeksi subkutan morfin 10 mg dan bupivakain 0,5% pada pasien
pascabedah sesar dengan anestesi spinal. JAP. 2016;4(2):117-23.
40. Wells N, Pasero C, McCaferry M. Improving the quality of care through pain
assessment and management. PubMed. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - Diakses 26
Desember 2017.
41. Utami S. Efektifitas relaksasi nafas dalam dan distraksi dengan latihan 5 jari
terhadap nyeri post laparotomi. JKJ. 2016;4(1):61-73.
42. National Safety Council. Manajemen stress. Jakarta: EGC; 2004. p.70.
43. Moayedi M, Davis KD. Theories of pain: form specificity to gate control. J
Neurophysiol. 2013;109:5-12.
44. Bender T, Nagy G, Barna I, Tefner I, Kadas E, Geher P. The effect of
physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100:371-
382.
45. Johnson MH. How does distraction work in the management of pain. Curr
Pain Headache Rep. 2005;9(2):90-95.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 46

46. Juwita S. Pengaruh derajat depresi dengan intensitas nyeri kronik: studi pada
pasien rawat jalan RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Media Medika Muda.
2015;4(4):1460-6.
47. Park E, Oh H, Kim T. The effects of relaxation breathing on procedural pain
and anxiety during burn care. Burns. 2013;39:1101-6.
48. Indrawati. Pengaruh latihan fisik terhadap nyeri pada pasien kanker payudara
pasca mastektomi di RSUD DR. Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi (thesis).
Universitas Indonesia. 2008.
49. Russo MA, Santarelli DM, O’Rourke D.The physiological effects of slow
breathing in the healthy human. Breathe. 2017;13(4):298-309.
50. Busch V, Magerl W, Kern U, Haas J, Hajak G, Eichhammer P. The effect of
deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood
processing – an experimental study. Pain Medicine. 2012;13:215-28.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 47