CELL WALL CONSTITUENTS AND CELL INCLUSIONS cell wall 5 The cell wall during differentiation ofthe cell undergo chemical modification like Position of further cellulose / hemicellulose,incrustation of the wall by lignin,cutin or berin.Algal walls contain i al pectin mixed with cellulose ,xylose,mannose,may also ontain hemicellulose sAlginic acid,fucodin and fucin. Cellulose walls The chemical nature (ie.the relative proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) can be identified by certain colour reaction with 1. Chlor-zinc- iodine * Blue-for true cellulose Yellow-for pectin oy ie Blue, violet, brownish-violet or brown-for walls containing these will different’proportions._~ Similar colour reaction with iodine followed by concentrated acids. 2. Iodine _ _ + Nog colour-with true cellulose, + May give blue with hemicelliilose(Eg:-cotyledons of tamarind seeds) 3. Ammoniacal solution of copper oxide : + Dissolves true cellulose and oft pouring alkaline liquid into dilute acid cellulose is precipitated. * Hemicellulose is incompletely soluble. 4, Phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid © Nazedor pink colour y Lignified walls : Lignin is a strengthening material which impregnates the cell wall of tracheids, cell vessels, fibres and Sclerides of vascular plants. Chemically it is a phenyl propanoid polymer (differ according to the source).It usually appears to occur in chemically combined form with hemicellulose)More concentration is seen in middle lamellze and in primary walls\Lignified cell walls after treatment with Schultze’s macerating fluid will show cellulose teactions. *) > With * Acid aniline sulphate—bright yellow colour ¢ -Phloroglucino! and hydrochloric acid—pink colour. * Chlor-zinc- iodineyellow colour ~ Suberinized and cutinized walls Consists of mixtures of substances, chiefly highly polymerized fatty acid such as suberic acid [COOH (CH), COOH]. These materials water proof the cells in which they occur. . th cellulose walls. Cork cells shows suberin thickening while endodermal cells consists of carbohydrate free suberin lamellae,Cutin forms secondary deposit on or in cellulos: s e walls, usually seen as en shows the following reactions. |Vith ees ~lodine ~ Yellow to brown colour, 2 ‘Sudapeplycerine aan red on warming. 3, Sffone solution of pote iWarming with 20% of pota: * resistant. f 5. Diluted tincture alkana — ted 6 ConH280, doesn’t dissolve. 1. Heated with PERL ACIOsJond/FINO} | = “Welly change into droplets, which ate _ 80 ‘ganic solvents or in dilute potash, ucilaginous cell walls ° Certain cell walls ma: mmences near the centr id converted into gum. hitin walls It is polyacetyl amino hexose,forms the major part of the cell walls of crustaceans, isects and mam y fungi(ergot).When heated with 50%potash at160-170°Cfor Ihr gives bitosan,ammonia and acids such as acetic acid and oxalic acid. - ee Se the. ) The whole mass may be dissolved in 3% acetic acid and chitosan is precipitated by ddition of a slight excess of alkali. r >) When rested with 0.5%solution of iodine in potassium iodide and then ee “sulphuric acid chitosan gives a violet colour. (Applied after freed from carbohydrate vy means of HC1/ after defatting.) sh > Yellowish droplets exude, but cutin is more 'y be converted into gums and mucilage by gummosis. TH © of pith and spreads outwards into primary membranes, s fusietioie ot cell wall i ive rigid frame work and protection to protoplast. | ae mechanical support to the organs. | © Checks the rate of transpiration due to cuticular sheath, Prevents distention of protoplast by developing wall pressure, $0 affect permeability of cell wall. btructure is semitransparent, rigid and protective covering, It is the nonliying part of cell secreted b protoplasm for its protection, The thickness varies from 0.ifum - 10ymit is made up f 3 layers, generally recognized as middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell all. x — Middle lamella (cementing layer between two cells made up of calcium and magnesium pectates) 4 Plasmodesmata (Cytoplasmic strands which connects protoplasm) : > — Cytoplasm , Primary wall (Secreted by cytoplasm, made up of 7 Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin: It keeps f growing with expansion of cell) Secondary wall (Laid down after the coll has ceased to enlarge and deposited on primary wall in certain mature and highly. specialized cells)