Marcellana, Ariel P.

BSA-31

SHORT ANSWER

Use the following words to complete the sentences.

database administrator data dictionary

data redundancy index sequential access method
query language schema
sequential structure subschema

1. Data Redundancy occurs when a specific file is reproduced for each user who needs access to
the file.

2. The conceptual view of the database is often called Schema.

3. The Query Language allows users to retrieve and modify data easily.

4. The Data Administrator authorizes access to the database.

5. The Data Dictionary describes every data element in the database.

6. What are the three data management problems caused by data redundancy?
- 1. Data Storage – Used to duplicate data many times creating an excessive costs
2. Data Updating – Each users must update their data separately, it will add a significant data
management costs
3. Currency of Information – If the changes are not recorded appropriately, duties and decisions may
use outdated data

7. What is the relationship between a database table and a user view?

- User views are derived database tables. A single table may contribute data to several different
views On the other hand, simple views may be constructed from a single table.

8. How does the database approach solve the problem of data redundancy?
- Data redundancy is not a problem with the database approach because individual data elements
need to be stored only once yet be available to multiple users.

9. Explain how linkages between relational tables are accomplished.

- Tables that are logically related in the data model need to be physically linked. The degree of
association between the tables (i.e., 1:1, 1:M, or M:M) determines how the linking occurs. The
key-assignment rules for linking tables are discussed below. Where a true 1:1 association exists
between tables, either (or both) primary keys may be embedded as foreign keys in the related
table.
 - Where a 1:M (or 1:0,M) association exists, the primary key of the 1 side is embedded in the
table of the M side.

- To represent the M:M association between tables, a link table needs to be created that has a
combined (composite) key consisting of the primary keys of two related tables.

10 Explain the purpose of an ER diagram in database design.

- The Entity Relationship (ER) diagram is the graphical representation technique used to depict a
data model. Each entity in a ER diagram is named in the singular noun form such as Customer
rather than Customers. The labeled line connecting two entities describes the nature of the
association between them. This association is represented with a verb such as shipped, requests,
or receives. The ER diagram also represents cardinality (the degree of association between two
entities). Four basic forms of cardinality are possible: zero or one (0,1), one and only one (1,1),
zero or many (0,M), and one or many (1,M). These are combined to represent logical
associations between entities such as 1:1, 1:0,M, and M:M.

11. Describe an environment in which a firm should use a partitioned database.

- A partitioned database approach works best in organizations that require minimal data sharing
among its information processing units and when a primary user of the data can be identified.

12. What is a database lockout?

- Database lockout is a software control that is the solution to the problem, the problem of simultaneous
access to individual items from several locations that needs to be avoided.

13. What is the partitioned database approach and what are its advantages?
- The partitioned approach to the database separates the central database into parts allocated to primary
users. The advantage of a partitioned database strategy is that user access is significantly increased,
transaction processing time is massively reduced and wide-scale disaster risk is reduced.

14. What is a replicated database and what are the advantages of this approach?
- When the whole database is replicated at each location, replicated databases exist. The advantage is that
if there is a high degree of data exchange, but no primary user, the basic logic is to promote read-only
requests, the problem arises as local sites need to update the distributed transaction database.

The End!