Paradigm
Postitivist/Structural-Functionalist
“hard” problems with things: working
problem
with definable, rational, predictable
domain
objects and processes of the natural
“use”
world
working with things, doing science
methodologi and math, making objective
cal observations, measurement,
“do” experiment, testing, re-/de-duction,
replication
the world is “out there” and
knowable, exact, rational[-ism],
constants, universal laws,
epistemolog
skepticism-(un)proven-trust, other
ical
ways are not valid, … values:
“know”
efficiency, reliability, control of
structure, processes and events,
known or unknown
ontological objective reality of “things” “out
“be” there”, real social structures…
my example
Medicine. The doctor needs to
diagnose an illness.
Collect facts about the patient and their
status, find the best match with known
illnesses. Council the patient.
Prescribe treatment.
Science-based knowledge, especially
education and experience from
medical school and practice.
Awareness of environment provides
expectations. Health is the most
valued.
Objective world of things and ‘real’
social structures. Focus on
doctor/patient medical systems and
practices.
your example
Architecture. The architect needs to design and
build a house for a client.
Study and analyze the requirements of the job or
the client, determine the viability of the project.
Manage the environment of the work, permits and
proposal. Make the blueprints. Carry out the
construction project.
Specialized technical knowledge based on
related human sciences, especially education and
experience in architectural theories and fine arts
applied on architectural design. Adequate
knowledge of urban design, planning, and skills
required by the planning process provides
expectations.
Harmony, design and structure are the most
valued.
Objective world of things and 'real' social
structures. Focus on people / buildings
(infrastructure) systems, practices, processes and
skills.