Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Ural State University of Architecture and Arts

Rector of the University S.P. Postnikov

Vice–Rector on Academic Work V.I. Isachenko
Head of the educational and methodological Department T.D. Kolobov
Dean of the faculty of architecture I.V. Tarasova
Head of the Department of architectural design A. V. Merenkov

FACULTY OF GENERAL TRAINING (FGT)

Dean of the Faculty (FGT) professor A.A. Shadrin

Training Course for 1st and 2nd Academic Years

Speciality Architecture – 5th year DIPLOMA COURSE

Yekaterinburg, 2020
1.0. Entrance procedure

1.1.
In the Moscow Institute of Architecture a system of competitive entrance exams is adopted. To
enter the Institute a prospective student has to pass all exams with a certain sum of all marks.
Special official acts and norms determine the organisation of exams. An Enrolment Board arranged
by the Rector and headed by him is responsible for the enrolment of students. The work of the
board is directed by the Executive Secretary. The Enrolment Board is a constantly functioning
body, which co-ordinates and carries out the project on attracting prospective students, preparation
and management of the enrolment.
To attract and prepare young people for the Institute there are preparatory courses for
schoolchildren and a preparatory detachment for working young people. A network of secondary
schools under the patronage of education connected with architecture is being developed. The
Enrolment Board arranges competitions to find the most gifted schoolchildren.
1.2
The Enrolment Board determines the number, sequence and the time of entrance examinations, their
contents and criteria of assessment.
The Enrolment Board approves the composition of commissions responsible for different subjects,
appointment of its Institute staff members; determines the rules of conducting the entrance
examinations, assess the results, and is responsible for their documentation.
The prospective students take the following examinations.
In key subjects:
1. Freehand drawing of a gypsum head in pencil. - (8 types of heads). 6 hours.
2. Freehand drawing of a composition of 5 - 7 given geometrical bodies in pencil. - 6 hours.
3. Drawing of 3 orthogonal projections of a complicated figure given in Axonometric
drawings. - 6 hours.
The drawings are graded out of 100.
In other subjects:
1. Mathematics (in a written form) or the Unified State Examination.
2. Russian (in a written form) or the Unified State Examination.
1.3
The entrance examinations can be taken by prospective students who have presented all the
necessary documents. Those who have not taken the previous examination without a serious reason
or have failed in it are not allowed to take other examinations.
Projects in all subjects are coded. The coding is executed by the Executive Secretary with the
participation of the Commission's members. The subject's own Commissions are responsible for the
assessment of projects and for preparing anonymous lists of entrees for consideration by the
Enrolment Board.
1.4.
First year students are enrolled on the basis of their marks and the enrolment plan of the Institute,
which is determined by the Ministry, but it can be changed by the Rector: (plus or minus 5%). The
state rules define categories of applicants who can be eliminated from competition.
The Enrolment Board can consider objections to the mark for any entrance examination only on the
day of each examination.
Those who pass all exams but lose the competition may receive a certificate with marks for
examinations to enter another educational institution.
The education at the Institute is free of charge for the students who have passed the entrance
competitions. However, in addition to the regularly permitted number, 25% of students are admitted
on commercial basis. They are selected from those who successfully passed the entrance
examinations but lost the competition. They have to pay appropriate fee for each year of study.

2.0. Aims and strategy

2.1
The aim of teaching at the Faculty of General Training is to provide for the theoretical and practical
basis for understanding the meaning of the profession. Besides the "preparatory" function the
faculty has its own importance: it educates the student as a creative personality with compositional
thinking, and artistic taste, who considers architecture to be an art and is ready to employ the entire
historic and modern experience of the world of architecture.
The complexity of the architectural profession, its tremendous historical potential and social
importance require orientation in the many-hued spectrum of human knowledge comprising
historical, theoretical, artistic, architectural and building, engineering and technical aspects.
The base of pre-architectural education only begins to develop in the country with the initiative and
participation of MARKHI. The emergence of some specialised schools, and the existence of some
technical secondary schools and colleges does not solve the problem of preparation at the Institute
level: 70% of prospective students are from ordinary secondary schools, and not prepared for
architectural training.
The originality of the profession and the reality of the pre-institute preparation have led to the
necessity of the faculty in the Institute structure and have helped to determine the purpose, program
and strategy of teaching at the faculty.

2.2
The academic course at the faculty runs for two years.
The first year is devoted mostly to the principles of architectural designing and orientation in the
professional problems.
The tasks in designing also teach architectural graphics and general compositional preparation.
In the second year students are introduced to architectural designing of objects on real sites. The
curriculum also comprises other subjects directly connected with designing.

3.0. Curriculum

3.0.1.
The curriculum provides:
· The necessary cultural and theoretical basis for understanding the importance and diversity of
the profession of the architect;
· A compositional basis of thinking and designing in the combination of spatial, constructive and
meaningful elements of the architectural form;
· An idea of the complex character of the architectural activity, and the interrelation of the main
and related profiles: artistic, engineering, and building knowledge;
· A practical basis of designing from conception drawings to the draft design and model of
designed objects.
At the faculty of General Training the comprehensive method of teaching is adopted which is used
in practice in comprehensive designing. In the psychological aspect, the principle of motivated
study is employed, which allows students to implement and consolidate their knowledge in artistic,
graphic, engineering, and building subjects directly in the process of project designing. The
majority of related disciplines are represented by special assignments connected with briefs in terms
of meaning and time.
The historical and artistic subjects have their own programs not depending strongly on the course in
designing; however they interact in such a way that the material to be studied is studied both by
“head” and “hands”. Studying history of art takes place parallel to the study of historic buildings in
designing and artistic drawing.
Subject to the approval of supervisors, the teaching staff employs some experimental exercises
aimed at the improvement of the teaching process.
At the Department of Principals of Architectural Designing the following architectural design
subjects are studied immediately from 1 st year: the introduction of compositional tasks on the
subjects of tectonics and structures in architecture, measurement projects (a first task in designing),
perspective drawings of a student's project, and a computer course in space – volume composition.

3.0.2. Structure of the curriculum

Blocks of subjects have syllabuses for the entire period of studying at the Institute, and are based on
the idea of succession and sequence of teaching at each step within the faculty. At the Faculty of
General Training have the following blocks of subjects:

I. Architectural Designing
· Principles of Architectural Designing
· Introduction into Speciality
· Principles of Three-dimensional and Spatial Composition

II. Humanities and Social and Political Subjects

· History and Theory of World and Fatherland Culture
· History of Arts
· History of Architecture

Ill. Engineering and Technical subjects

· Higher Mathematics
· Theoretical Mechanics
· Strength of Materials
· Architectural Materials
· Architectural Structures
· Surveying (Geodesy)

IV. Visual Art Subjects

· Descriptive Geometry
· Artistic Drawing
· Painting

V. General education subjects

· Foreign Language
· Physical Training

VI. Practices
· Architectural measurements land surveying
· Artistic drawing
· Painting
· Architectural materials

3.1. Architectural Designing

3.1.1. Principles of Architectural Designing

The object is to develop the primary compositional thinking needed to solve the simplest
architectural problems and to provide professional graphic skills helping to express adopted
solutions. The aim of the first stage is to enable students to study the complex of artistic and
compositional disciplines, to develop artistic taste, and a culture of being open to new ideas, which
are to become the basis of the architecture of the future. Under these conditions the choice of term
design themes is of a great importance.
The stage of the General Training contains ten assignments 6 in the first year, and 3 in the second
year.

3.1.2. Principles of Computer Graphics, (optional course)

The aim of the subject is to master the methods of designing architectural objects using
mathematical methods and computer technology.
Contents of the subject.
I. Modern computer technology in architectural designing.
1. General questions of the BIM design.
2. Studying the computer technology of architectural designing (hardware).
3. Using software (using packages of programs with 3D-Studio and AutoCAD as examples).
II. Architectural section. Types of problems and solutions when designing using computer
technology.
1. Sketch design. Search for initial ideas about architecture in the object's constructive and
planning parameters with the help of graphic editor.
2. Idea-draft. Working out design versions.
a. Working out three-dimensional and spatial structure (search for an architectural image)
b. Design of the architectural and planning structure.
c. Design of the object's elevations.
d. Design of the architectural details and elements (structural element, windows, doors,
arched openings, columns, etc.). Bank of basic functional elements
e. Choice of the design which according to the designer matches the task to a greater
degree
3. Construction of axonometric drawings and perspectives
4. Working out the draft. Specification of the planning structure chosen earlier, as well as the
structural system and architectural composition
5. Technical and economic qualities of the design (If the course is simplified this point can be
omitted)
III. Execution of drawings
1. Linear execution.
2. Shading, shadows and the representation of the texture of the surface
 3. Colour scheme of the object and its parts
4. Representation of the entourage

3.1.3. Introduction into Speciality (1st year, semester 1)

The theoretical lecture course "introduction into speciality" is delivered in the first term and
precedes the entire complex of historical and theoretical subjects, directly connected with the
architectural profession.
Aim of the course: Introduction to the key ideas about the profession and professional outlook.
Tasks of the course
Scientific outlook: defining the place and role of architecture and the architect in the history of the
human society and culture.
Professional: formation of ideas about the essence of the profession, its aims, problems and
possibilities.
Social: characteristics of the position and possible role of architect in modern social process. New
possibilities of artistic personality realisation.
Teaching: construction of the entire system of architectural education. Laying down a basis for a
reasonable choice of personal program under the conditions of a pluralist teaching system.
Course structure.
The course consists of two blocks of lectures.
The first block is the basic one, aimed at the realisation of the main aim and tasks of the course. It
forms a general tendency and structure; it consists of 9 lectures and is given by the teacher
responsible for the course. The second block is the problem block. It displays a wide variety of
problems of the modem theory and practice, personal positions and personalities themselves of high
professionals. It consists of 9 lectures and is delivered by the Institute staff and invited specialists.
The composition of the first block is connected with changes in scientific, professional and social
situation. That of the second block is connected with changes of the variety of the real-life
problems.
Themes of the basic block lectures.
1. Architecture as nature (natural history)
· General principles of architecture.
· Architecture as the realisations of human ideas about the world.
· Space unit and its development into residential, productive and social formations.
· Morphology of architecture.
2. Architecture: activities and result
· Process of creation and architectural life.
· Social requirements, design, construction, maintenance.
3. Social and productive aspects of architecture
· Production and social infrastructure.
· Architecture of production.
4. Modern opinion of the town
· Branch and territory approach.
· Production and the social basis of the town.
· Town as organism in space and time.
5. Territorial and branch tendencies and development of society: modern stage
· Restructuring of economic system of management.
 · Balance of territorial and branch development.
· Territorial and branch architectural dialectics.
· Territorial and branch structure of design bureau and architectural management.
· Restructuring of the design system and architectural management.
6. Legal basis of architecture
· Town planning legislation.
· Architectural legislation.
· Copyright.
· Legislation of preservation of monuments of architecture, town planning, culture, history,
nature.
7. Personality of the architect
· The architect in practice, science, pedagogy.
· The architect in society.
8. Development of architectural science
· Formal and content analysis of architecture.
· Philosophy of the profession.
9. Modem scientific thinking and creative process of the architect
· Action of creation and experience when perceiving.
· Architecture in science. Space and time in architecture.

3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition (1st year, term 1, 2; 2nd years,
term 3, 4)
The aim of this course is to develop the three-dimensional and spatial perception of students' ideas
and thinking, knowledge of the main kinds of composition, properties of three-dimensional and
spatial forms, their harmonic combinations on the basis of proportion, rhythm, and other
compositional rules; to develop the sense of measure and harmony, scale when perceiving
architectural forms.
The tasks consist of the connection of architectural composition with architectural designing (from
the analysis of real architecture to the theory of composition), mastering principles of architectural
composition by means of modelling (from abstract exercises to educational designing). The main
method is abstracting and generalising as the beginning of three-dimensional and spatial thinking in
the first stages of designing.
The lecture course represents an analysis of classical and modern architectural projects, theoretical
generalisation of the analysis in the form of schemes, analysis of positive qualities, and
characteristic mistakes of students in the previous years.
Practical Training includes distribution of assignments, search for compositional solution in
drawings, construction of models according to assignments, and final execution of a paper model
and orthogonal projections.
1. The lecture cycle comprises the following themes:
1st year
Composition on a plane. Rhythm in architecture. Properties of three-dimensional and spatial
forms, main kinds of composition. Construction and modelling of frontal surface and three-
dimensional form.
2nd year
Contrasts in architecture. Construction and modelling of open space. Kinds of space.
Interconnection of the interior space and it’s three-dimensional form with the environment.
Each lecture lasts 2 academic hours.
2. Practical assignments (8 - 10 hours).
The 1st year exercises are of a general orientating character of acquaintance with principles and
means of form formation.
The 2nd year exercises are integrated into the design assignments and are the first stage of
compositional pre-design search for forms and their connections, with the surroundings (e.g. 4
exercises in composition correspond to 4 educational designs of the 2nd year).
3.3. Humanities, and Social and Political Subjects

3.3.1. History and Theory of World and Fatherland Culture (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year,
terms 3, 4)
The course includes 53 lecture hours and 53 seminars.
The course is divided into two parts:
1. History of Fatherland (1st year, terms 1, 2)
The knowledge of fatherland history is necessary for the specialist of such creative profession as
architecture.
The task of the course is to provide the concrete knowledge on the principal events and important
persons and statement in various historic epochs, to form an impression on the legality of homeland
history as a unity process.
It is important to help the students to understand the peculiarity of various pastimes, to imagine the
historic epochs as a complete picture.
The course consists of 8 themes, devoted to various stages of the homeland history – from ancient
Russia up to the contemporary period.
The form of knowledge control is a credit test after 1st term and an exam – after 2nd term.

2. History and Theory of World Culture (2nd year, terms 3, 4)

The course is oriented to the students' study of the world history on a cultural basis. Such an
approach supposes a notion about history as an aim of some closed and final culture - blocks. This
approach is believed to be extremely realistic and to give perspective, as it is most fruitful in the
sphere of studying the interaction of cultures.
The methods are based on the ideas formed by the mid 20th century about the regional character of
cultures and about their existence on the chronological axis in the form of closed cycles.
The course tends to overcome the chronological disproportion between epochs (i.e. extended study
of modern cultures at the expense of ancient epochs). While following this principle our own
Eastern Christian culture, beginning from Byzantium is given preference and corresponds to one
half of the course.
The structure of the course consists of 4 parts:
1. Study of ancient, (not existing now) cultures. Culture of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Aegean culture
and Crete Mycenae culture
2. Emergence and early stages of existing cultures (emergence of Christianity, Christian antiquity,
emergence of Byzantine culture, Islam, western European culture)
3. Existence of modern cultures in the middle ages (Renaissance, Russian Middle Ages, classical
medieval Islam)
4. Existing cultures
The methodological lecture course is completed by seminars. The aim is to strengthen and deepen
knowledge, to provide feed back with students. At seminars they analyse essays - independent
students' work on suggested themes.
Forms of assessing knowledge:
The students take credit tests at the end of the 3rd and 4th terms. (2nd year)

3.3.2. History of Arts (1st year, terms 1, 2)

The entire course of Art History has been recently divided into two subjects: History of Arts and
History of Russian Arts.
The aim of the course is to help to form the aesthetic tastes and creative position of future architects
on the basis of acquaintance with the history of the world artistic process. When studying these
course students get ideas about the main artistic and art-historical terms and notions, enriching their
memory with the image of classical works.
The aim of the course is also to introduce the student to the fine arts: painting, sculpture, graphics,
and decorative and applied arts.
The task is to help to form artistic thinking and sense of harmony and to show the possibility of
synthesis of fine arts and architecture.
By studying works of art, the student gets acquainted with general principles of composition.
Acquaintances with concrete works of art in all their historical variety, and with the main principles
of a style development are among the goals of the course. The course raises the general level of
perception of works of art as the interaction of disciplines of creative process.
The course comprises 36 hours of lectures and 36 hours of seminars. Lectures are accompanied by
slide demonstration and if possible other forms of acquainting with historic buildings (films,
museums, etc.). There are both obligatory and optional colloquiums. During the year the student
prepares one course project divided into 2 parts: an essay with bibliography in the 1st term, and a
graphical analysis in the 2nd term. Assessment of knowledge is exams after 1 st and 2nd terms.
Recommended reading – see after 3.3.5

3.3.3. History of Architecture (2nd year, terms 3, 4)

The course in the history of world architecture (taught in the 2nd year) is a subject whose study is
connected with the development of students' abilities in architectural designing.
The tasks of this course are (among others):
· To introduce the student to periods of world architecture history, historical development of
architecture of all nations;
· To show the interdependence of functional, material and constructive principles of architectural
structures and their compositional character;
· To give students examples of professional analysis of outstanding historic buildings;
· To acquaint the student with the most important theoretical architectural teachings;
· To show the student the development of the architect's creative method on the basis of realising
the above-mentioned tasks;
· To provide the student by means of concrete examples with methods of creatively mastering
architectural inheritance.
The course comprises 60 lecture hours, divided into two equal parts: 30 hours in the 3rd and 30
hours in the 4th term. Lectures are accompanied by slides and if possible with other forms of
acquainting with historic buildings (films, excursions to museums, libraries, visiting historic
buildings).
Practical seminars are connected with the main problems of the lecture course. Optional seminars
are devoted to individual periods or regions.
The course work is divided into two parts: a written essay in the 3rd term, graphic or model analysis
in the 4th term. Assessment of knowledge is exams after 3rd and 4th terms.

3.4. Engineering and Technical subjects

3.4.1. Higher Mathematics (1st year, terms 1, 2)

The aim is to master mathematical methods in order to use those solving engineering problems in
architectural designing.
Forms of teaching:
1. Lecture course and seminars on the themes:
 1.1. Integral and differential calculus
1.2. Matrices, their types;
1.3. Linear equations, methods of calculations;
2. Practical calculation and graphic projects.
2.1. Control projects.
2.2. Practical projects.
Forms of controlling knowledge:
· Mark for calculation project,
· Credit tests at the end of the 1st term and an examination at the end of 2nd term.

3.4.2. Theoretical Mechanics (1st year, term 2)

The lecture course and seminars consist of the following themes:
· General questions. (The subject and content of the theoretical mechanics course and its
importance in architectural and engineering education. Historical information.)
· Main notions and axioms of statics.
· System of converging forces.
· Most simple flat systems of parallel forces.
· Arbitrary flat system of forces.
· Trusses.
· Limit equilibrium.
· Spatial system of converging forces.
· Theory of pairs in space.
· Centre of parallel forces and centre of gravity.
· Principles of cinematics and dynamics (optional training).
Assessment of knowledge – credit test at the end of 2nd term
Recommended literature – see after 3.4.3.

3.4.3. Strength of Materials (2nd year, terms 3, 4)

1. Basic notions.
Tasks and content of the subject: Theoretical and experimental methods. Resistance of materials
and theoretical mechanics. Main characteristics of the resistance of materials as deformed bodies.
Characteristics of problems in the course of resistance of materials. Importance and employment of
resistance of materials in construction and architecture, creation of solid, stable, durable and
economical structures (the main task of the course). Historical information. Classification of bodies
and forces. Bars, plates and masses. Kinds of bodies. Internal and external bodies. Deformation and
stress. Elasticity, elastic and non-elastic deformations. Normal, tangential and full stresses. Main
kinds of deformation of bars.
2. Tension and pressure.
3. Experimental studies of properties of materials.
4. Calculation of solidity under the conditions of tension and pressure.
5. Stressed state.
6. Geometrical characteristics of flat sections.
7. Bending.
8. Stresses under bending.
9. Deformation under bending.
10. Statistically indeterminate beams.
11. Torsion (optional).
12. Complex resistance.
13. Stability of rectilinear rods.
Calculation and graphic projects
Theoretical mechanics
1. Definition of efforts in truss rods under the action of flat system of forces.
2. Definition of support reactions in a spatial bar.
Resistance of materials
1. Approximate calculation of a column in a multi-storey building for central pressure.
2. Calculation of statistically determinate beams.
3. Calculation of statically indeterminate beams.
4. Calculation of a centrally pressed steel column of compound section for longitudinal bending.
Assessment of knowledge is exams after 3rd and 4th terms.

3.4.4. Architectural Materials (1st year, terms 1, 2)

Aim is to show the role of building materials on the stage of projecting, building and maintaining
structures, interdependence of materials, structure and architectural forms.
Tasks are to provide the possibility to understand physical properties of building materials.
· To give the latest information about principles of production lists and characters of building
materials.
· To assess the experience of building materials employment and their influence on the architect's
creative conception.

The discipline comprises a lecture course, laboratory projects, and simulated professional project.
Lecture course.
1. General information on the aims and structure of the Architectural Materials course in the Higher
Architectural School, standardisation of building materials and elements, their role in architecture
and architectural creative activity.

2. Principles of architectural materials. Scientific classification, properties and assessment of

building materials quality:
· Main principles of the classification in terms of structure (natural and artificial), purpose and
area of employment (structural and finishing).
· Maintenance and technical properties.
· Aesthetic characteristics: form, colour and its parameters, texture, design, pattern.
· Technical and economic characteristics of the production and employment of materials.
· Quality of building materials and methods of assessment.
Principles of the production, nomenclature, properties and the areas of employment of building
materials (including wood, natural stone, ceramics, glass, mineral alloys, metal, concrete, and other
materials).
3. Building materials and architectural activity.
Interdependence of architectural forms and structural and facing materials.
Criteria and methodological principles of a rational choice and employment of materials on the
basis of modern architectural and construction practice.
Practical projects seminars.
1. Recommended themes of laboratory projects:
· Complex quantity assessment of the quality of elements, their maintenance and technical
properties and aesthetic characteristics;
· Study of the properties of the above mentioned building materials.
The number of laboratory projects - 12.
2. Themes of practical seminars:
· Influence of building materials on the creation and perception of architectural forms;
· Methods of preparing technical requirements for the production and working out of standards,
for internal and external finishing.
3. Themes of independent project:
· Assessing kinds and properties of building materials for educational projects;
· Making a model of a three-dimensional composition employing building materials.
Number of projects are 3.
Educational practice
· Acquaintance with the nomenclature and characteristics of new materials and items at
specialised exhibitions, in finishing the facades and interiors of modern and historic buildings.
· Acquaintance with technological operations of the production at building industry enterprises.
Duration of the practice is 12 days.
Forms of checking up the knowledge is a credit test after defending current practical projects,
examinations at the end of the 1st and 2nd terms.

3.4.5. Architectural Structures (2nd year, terms 3, 4)

General aims and tasks of the course is to become acquainted with building structures and details,
and classification of structures, and to understand the development of building constructions and
their form shaping role in architecture.
The course includes the study of load bearing principles in buildings and their elements, and
structural requirements for buildings – appropriateness for building category, durability, fire–
resistant standards, ecological requirements.
The second year students study structures of low–rise residential buildings. This part of the course
includes lectures and seminars – 8 terms, 34 hours in each term.
The principal themes of lectures and seminars:
· Structural principles for designing of low–rise buildings. Load bearing and external wall
constructions. Foundations.
· Frameworks for low–rise buildings: constructions in stone, concrete, timber structures.
· Structural elements of buildings: floors, roofs, roofing, walls, partitions, doors, windows,
balconies, stairs, etc.
· Presentation of working drawings.
In the 4th term the student should prepare the structural part of the comprehensive architectural
project – "Low–rise residential building" done in the Department of Principals of Architectural
Design, followed by defence on the complex examination. The structural part includes several
working drawing.
Assessment of knowledge – credit tests on the end of 3rd and 4th terms.

3.4.6. Surveying (Geodesy) (1st year, terms 1, 2)

The purpose of the course is to give information on the land surveying methods for the architectural
designing, as well as for the development of the projects on the building site.
The course contains the following positions:
· The subject of geodesy and its tasks in designing and building constructions
· Principles of land surveying.
· Geodetic measurements.
· Topographic surveying.
· Topographic plans and maps
· Methods of geodesic measurements at the architectural measurements
The course includes 8 hours of lectures, practical projects and independent projects on the site.
Control of knowledge is credit test after 2nd term.

3.5. Visual Art Subjects

3.5.1. Descriptive Geometry (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, term 3)

This subject develops the spatial ideas and imagination necessary in any field of engineering
activities and particularly in architectural designing.
The main tasks of the course are the study different methods of constructing spatial forms in the
plane and solving problems related to the geometrical construction of these forms.
The program consists of five main sections:
1. Orthogonal projections
2. Shadows in orthogonal projections
3. Axonometric drawings
4. Perspective
5. Projections with figure markers, complicated surfaces, special kinds of perspectives.
In the first section special attention is paid to the methods of geometrical construction and
combining surfaces to form spatial architectural forms.
"Shadows in orthogonal projections" considers the methods of shadows projection (mainly the
method of ray sections, as well as shadows of the second order surfaces) most often used in
architectural practice.
In "Perspective" particular attention is paid to the correct choice of the point of view, composition
of the representation, rational forms of constructing the basic forms of the object with the maximum
use of the proportional division method.
The last section deals with questions devoted to vertical planning.
The course comprises lectures, hands on projects, work with textbooks and manuals, execution of
individual graphic projects, consultations.
Lectures deal with theoretical problems and basic questions of the course theorems, which are
formulated and proven. In some cases it is reasonable for this problem solving to be based upon
projective, analytical and differential geometry.
Seminars deal with the material and problems studied in lectures to solidify general ideas. The most
rational methods of solution are considered. Students are encouraged to use methodological
manuals (in the lecture material) for the project and to solve problems with the available initial data.
During the course students usually do 6 - 8 educational projects in each term (general volume up to
3 - 4 sheets of A1 format).
The assignment, character of presentation, and time of their execution is determined by the syllabus.
While studying the subject, each student is to do independently some complex graphic projects
(orthographic diagram).
Their list may be as follows:
· Positional and metrical problems for a point, straight line, plane.
· Intersection of surfaces and construction of development.
· Construction of shadows in orthogonal projections.
· Construction of axonometric drawings with shadows.
· Construction of the perspective with shadows.
· Projections with figure markers.

For the main course sections (orthogonal projections, shadows, Axonometric drawings and
perspective) one control project is to be held. Assessment of knowledge – exams after 1st and 2nd
terms and a credit test after 3rd term.

3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)

The ultimate aim of teaching artistic or free-hand drawing in an architectural school is to develop
general artistic culture, understanding and ability to represent architectural forms and space from
nature and imagination, to work out the skill of surely and correctly expressing one's thoughts by
graphic means, which is extremely important for an architect, and, together with other subjects, to
help to solve architectural technological, structural and building problems.
Training students is based on realistic free-hand drawing, whose logic and essence are connected
with materialistic dialectics of the world cognition. The role of free hand drawing is revealed as a
means of cognition, an instrument for solving different creative problems as an architect's language.
The main tasks of the course:
· To depict architectural forms from nature trying to understand principles of their spatial
construction.
· To execute perspective drawings according to orthogonal projections of an architectural
structure or one's own design.
· To be able to draw from memory and imagination.
· To prepare drafts sketches necessary for finding optimal solutions.
· To solve compositional problems in drawings: from placing the object on a sheet of paper to
compositional construction from imagination.
· To make best use of various materials and technical methods (pencil, Indian ink, pen, brush,
etc.).

Besides projects done at obligatory lessons, the program provides for controlled home assignments.
Students’ independent project can be realised in the form of the best students working according to
individual plans, by the choice of optional courses.
The drawings executed by students are discussed and assessed. At the end of each term a credit test
is given. Students are given passes with marks.
The main parts of the "Artistic Drawing" course are:
· Geometric forms
· Man
· Architecture and its environment.
All these parts have the same methodologies, and analytical and constructive approaches to the
studied and depicted objects.

3.5.3. Painting (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)

The specific features of the common, yet complex task of "painting" in architectural education,
include the skill not only of colour perception of subjects and phenomena of visible reality, but also
of future reality, imagined by the architect, designing of new towns, villages, buildings, interiors,
etc.
The methodological basis of the subject is the complex mastering of creative, theoretical, and
tectonic and colour thinking as well as methods of high execution mastery in realistic
materialisation of architecture as understood by the architect's own concept.
The first part of the course is the lecture course "Coloristics" (Colour theory) with introductory
lectures on each part of the program. The course is a basis for idea-image colour thinking in the
creative activity of the architect and painter and introduces the student to the laws of visual colour
perception.
The second methodological part is the practical, creative and studio course "Painting", which
consists of academic and compositional exercises in solving architectural and pictorial problems in
designing, easel painting, monumental and decorative painting, applied art, and architecture of
interiors, buildings and towns.
The program of specialised academic exercises in painting in architectural education is based on the
same complex and colour problems, on principles of the synthesis of arts in architecture, and on
methods of the successive development of creative abilities of the student in his colour thinking.
The program is realised by exercises in painting from nature, in studio and in the outdoors, by
compositional exercises, architectural graphic drawings, three-dimensional and spatial models, and
monumental, decorative and symbolic elements of architectural composition.

3.6. General education subjects

3.6.1. Foreign Language. (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)

Mastering a foreign language is an integral component of professional training for specialists.
The foreign language course is of professionally oriented character.
The educational role of the foreign language is connected with the possibility of getting direct
access to information which is impossible without its knowledge, of gaining skills in working with
scientific literature, widening general and professional outlook, and gaining skills in communicating
with foreign colleagues.
Structure of the course
The course is subdivided into basic and optional ones. The basic course provides 140 hours and
ends in an examination, the option ends in a credit test or an examination (depending on the
character and forms of teaching).
The basic course comprises the following forms of training
· Group training in classrooms under the direction of the teacher
· Obligatory independent project according to the teacher's assignment
· Individual independent project under the direction of the teacher
· Consultations.
After the basic course the student can choose an optional one (50 - 60 academic hours).
Depending on specificity of the professional training of students and their interests the department
offers a number of optional courses so students have a free choice:
· Reading and translation of literature on the speciality
· Course of editors-translators
· Another foreign language
· Improvement of oral speech skills
· Course of quid’s-interpreters
· Semiotics
Themes of educational materials are determined by themes of key subjects (Moscow architecture,
historic buildings of the countries of the studied language, architectural styles with the analysis of
concrete buildings, projects of children playground and-houses, works of famous world architects).
In each term students take tests in studied themes and do two projects. At the end of the 1, 2 and 3
term’s students take credit tests and at the end of the fourth term they take an examination.

3.6.2. Physical Training (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4; 3rd year, terms 5, 6; 4th year, terms 7,
8)
The aim of physical training at the Institute is the formation of the student's physical culture as a
system and integral quality of the person, an integral component of general culture of the future
specialist.
The course provides for the solution of the following tasks:
· Helping many-sided development of the organism, preservation and strengthening of health,
development of professionally important qualities.
· Mastering methodological and organisational principles of physical culture.
· Forming students' requirements for physical improvement and maintenance of high health level.
· Forming skills of independent leisure arrangement with the use of physical culture and sport.
The course runs for 4 years (in the first and second – 4 hours a week, in the 3 rd and 4th – 2 hours)
with credit tests in the following disciplines: athletics, swimming, volleyball, shooting, mini-
football, basketball, tennis, rhythmical gymnastics, athletic gymnastics, general physical training
and professionally oriented training. In addition, after the lessons students are trained in sections
under the direction of teachers.

4.0. Practices. (projects)

The curriculum provides for projects in the following subjects:
1st year
· Surveying
· Measurement
· Architectural materials
2nd year
· Artistic drawing
· Painting.
The time of project is after examinations (on July 2nd - 20th). Practice in surveying and architectural
materials can take place during the second term if agreed by the dean's office.
Exhibitions of the best works of each assignment in designing and art subjects are arranged at the
corresponding departments.

5.0. Forms of checking up knowledge and promotion to the next faculty.

Practical courses provide for marks for each current project and final assignment at the end of the
term (credit test, credit test with a mark, examination).
The knowledge of theoretical courses is checked at the end of the term during credit test and
examination session (credit test, examination).
In designing a final sketch design with a mark is provided (6 hours) at the end of each year.
Those who have not passed current projects in any subject are not admitted to examinations.
Promotion to another faculty and the rules of expulsion
The student can be promoted to the following faculty if he has taken the entire course of training at
the Faculty of General Training and passed examinations and credit tests in all subjects and reported
for his summer practices. The record cards are handed to the Faculty of Bachelor’s Dgree
programme before the beginning of studies on the 1st of September.
Reasons for expulsion or dismissal can be as follows:
· Student's own will;
· Two or more credit tests or exams which have not been passed before the official end of the
examination session (5th of July or 5th of February). Those who have a medical certificate for the
session period are allowed to take exams till the new term;
· Negative results in inter-session check by departments which takes place I month before the
beginning of the examination session (missing more than 50% of lessons, professional
inability). Before the order is signed students are called to the dean's office to explain the
causes.
 Moscow Institute of Architecture
S t a t e A c a d e m y

Rector of the Institute professor D.O. Shvidkovskiy

Vice–Rector on Scientific Research Work professor G.V. Esaulov
First Vice–Rector on Academic Work professor A.A. Afanasyev

Vice–Rector on Institute Development professor V.V. Kochergin

Vice–Rector on on Urban Design Programme professor M.V.Shubenkov

Vice–Rector on International Affairs professor V.N. Bgashev

Bachelor’s Degree Programme

________________________________________________________________________________
Dean of the Bachelor’s Degree Programme professor P.M. Zhuk

Training Course for 3rd, 4th and 5th Academic Years

Speciality (State index): 2901– Architecture – 5th year DIPLOMA COURSE

Moscow  2017
1.0. Bachelor’s Degree Programme

3.1. Ai
ms and Strategy
The Bachelor’s Degree Programme trains 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year students of the MARKHI.
The training process is oriented to a comprehensive artistic, compositional, scientific, and technical
education from a humanitarian standpoint. The training is realised in two aspects: theoretical and
practical. During architectural design fusion of theory and practice takes place: scientific,
theoretical and technical knowledge acquired separately is integrated into creative work.
Training at the Bachelor’s Degree Programme provides for a broad, fundamental education in
architecture and town planning, typology of buildings, complex of engineering, and structural and
economical subjects. Students master lasting skills in architectural designing of various objects of
architecture and town planning. The fundamental character of methods mastered by the young
specialist and his ability to solve complicated problems in any field of architecture are extremely
important.

3.2. M
ethods and forms of Training
The training of students at the programme is realised in the differential or integral manner in the
form of lectures, seminars or practical training. In the first case, knowledge in every subject is
acquired by practical (term) projects, and executed independently. In the second case, term designs
are executed on the basis of the key subject material and both are further developments of these
materials.
One of the basic methods of training the 3rd, 4th and 5th year students is the method of
comprehensive designing. The comprehensive designing is an integral method of teaching in which
architectural solutions worked out keeping in mind various auxiliary subjects. Comprehensiveness
means integration, and synthesis of various disciplines and knowledge when executing an
architectural assignment.
Purpose of the method:
1. To
reveal the interconnection (mutual dependence and dialectics) of artistic and technical
principles of designing.
2. To
teach students to use acquired knowledge directly in their designs.
3. To
overcome the isolation of engineering subjects from the key subject (i.e. architectural
designing) to make their content meet the requirements of architectural training.
4. To
organise execution of all parts of practical exercises and projects in engineering and other
disciplines on the basis of the architectural design executed by the students.
 5. To
form a motivation for the student to study various subjects. The number of subjects
connected with comprehensive design is not to exceed 3 or 4 in each individual design.
Comprehensive designs differ in the method of execution. There can be different methods of work
in the comprehensive design:
1. Th
e participation of engineers and other specialists is limited to consultations given together
with architects during architectural design training.
2. St
udents do practical exercises and calculations in engineering and other subjects for their
completed design.
3. Th
e planned practical exercises and calculations in related subjects are executed while solving
architectural solutions and are presented together to be assessed as one project.
Such designs are to be defended by the student in the presence of a commission comprising
specialists in all aspects of the comprehensive design.
The projects are completed in three stages.
The first stage is to be a technically correct architectural solution (i.e. no special technical drawings
and schemes are required.)
The second stage requires doing some special engineering calculations and schemes on the basis of
the completed architectural design. Architectural and engineering parts of the design are presented
and assessed separately.
The third stage requires taking into consideration the results of engineering calculations and
schemes working at the architectural solution. It is a true model of real designing.
1. As
sessment of the training process results
The assessment of the training process and the mastery of knowledge and skills are provided in
three basic forms: operative, current and final.
Operative assessment occurs directly during consultations in designing and term and graphic
projects, at seminars.
Current assessment consists of checking the project execution at intermediate stages (in
architectural designing they are: short-term design on the theme, draft-idea, and draft). Interim
calculations and graphic projects in engineering and humanities (both volume and quality of the
work) are also taken into account. Also, the design draft is to be approved by the head of the
department or the member of the department responsible for their design theme. The defence of the
design can accompany the approval of the draft by the student in the presence of a special
commission.
The final assessment is different in various subjects. In architectural designing it is the assessment
of the quality of the executed proposals. In other subjects it takes the form of checking knowledge
at examinations and credit tests with marks.
2.0. Curriculum

2.0.1. Structure of the curriculum

All subjects taught in the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of study of the Programme are united in the following
thematic blocks in the curriculum structure. (See table at the end of this volume)

2.1. Architectural Designing

2.1.1. Architectural designing
2.1.2. Principles of Theory of Urban and District Planning
2.1.3. Architectural Typology of Building and Structures
2.2. Humanities, and Social and Political Subjects
2.2.1. Philosophy
2.2.2. History of Russian Architecture
2.2.3. History of Urban Planning
2.2.4 Management and Law in Architecture
2.2.5 Health and Safety

2.3. Engineering and Technical subjects

2.3.1. Architectural Structures
2.3.2. Architectural Materials
2.3.3. Architectural Physics
2.3.4. Engineering Territory Improvement and Transport
2.3.5. Architectural Building Technologies
2.3.6 Economics
2.3.7. Economics of Architectural Solutions
2.3.8. Engineering Equipment of Buildings

2.4. Visual Art Subjects

2.4.1. Artistic Drawing
2.4.2. Architectural Colour Design
2.5 Optional subjects
2.5.1 Computer graphics
2.5.2 Photography in Architecture
2.5.3 Interior drawing
2.5.4 Nature Drawing and Architectural Bionics
2.5.5 Colour and Monumental Decorative painting in Architecture
2.5.6 Architecture Drawing

2.6 Elective subjects

2.6.1 Physical Training

2.7 Variable subjects

2.7.1. Statics
2.7.2 Polytology
2.7.3 Economics
3.7.4 Sociology
3.7.5 Soviet Architecture
3.7.6 Modern Foreign Architecture
3.7.7 Engineering Structures
3.7.8 Urban aspects of Living Environment
3.7.9 Contemporary Architecture
3.7.10 Architectural Designing (specialized departments)

2.8 Specialized project subjects (specialized departments)

2.1. Architectural Designing

2.1.1. Architectural Designing

The 3rd, 4th and 5th year program provides for the general universal training of students ensuring
education of architects of broad specialisation. The aim is to provide the basis of the knowledge and
skills which will enable the future architect to adapt himself to any field of professional activity, to
design objects meeting any purposes, and to specialise in the chosen field of architectural designing.
The main aims of the training are:
· To
acquaint the student with norms and principles of designing objects most widely used in practice.
· To
study the experience of designing diverse objects.
· To
be able to design for various town planning and natural conditions.
· To
apply knowledge in other subjects to the solution of architectural problems.
· To
find their own solutions and realise them in their drawings and models.
Structure of Training
The program in this subject for the 3rd and 4th year students consists of 8-10 basic assignments.
They are projects of a small civic building, an industrial enterprise, an urban residential building
and a residential district. They represent the basic aspects of the future specialisation.
Designing stages and assessment of results
Projects are executed in three stages: concept draft, draft of the design and graphic execution.
Designs are assessed according to a 100-point system. Expressiveness, originality of the
architectural concept, meeting the functional requirements, correctness of structural scheme,
graphic execution is assessed.
Presentation
Projects are executed on a board 1x1m in size and include drawings of elevations, plans, main
floors, sections, site plans and their fragments. In addition axonometric drawings and models can be
presented. Projects are executed in black-and-white graphics and colour.
Project 1 (3rd year, term 5) Basic design
Small civic building with a hall (possible objects: club, tourist centre, etc.)
Duration of the work is 6 weeks. The aim is to learn the specifics of the functional and spatial
organisation of the building with one or two main spaces (halls), foyer and some small rooms. The
student is required to:
· Lo
cate the building taking into account natural and landscape factors
· Fi
nd rational and artistic combination of halls and small rooms
· Pr
ovide comfortable conditions for visitors
· Of
fer an impressive three-dimensional and spatial composition
· Fi
nd a rational structural scheme

Project 2 (3rd year, term 5)

Interior for the building (Design 1)
Duration is 2 weeks. The aim is to ensure basic skills of designing the interior of a building. The
elaboration of theme in the interior is made in two stages:
· Sp
atial modelling of interior (3rd year) on the theme – "club" (Project 1), duration – 2 weeks.
Model in the scale 1:100 – 1:50
· W
ork out principals of interior (4th year). Theme – "Museum" (Project 8), duration 2 weeks,
presented in graphic techniques.
Project 3 (3rd year, term 5)
Small industrial building (possible objects: garage, service station, plants with a simple
production technology, etc.)
Duration is 6 weeks. The aim is to provide initial information and skills in designing buildings with
a strict technological program. The student is to offer an effective spatial solution of the object,
meeting the technological requirements; to achieve architectural expressiveness of the object by
minimum means, to offer a rational structural system for the building. This design is accompanied
by a term project in "Architectural Structures'' (section - structures of single-store buildings).
Additional compositional exercise (If done if the previous assignment, takes less than 6 weeks).
Duration - 2 weeks. The aim is to generate a new architectural image, a new form of the object.
Possible themes - a conception of skyscraper, building on a difficult site, soft-shell roofs for
buildings, organisation of an exposition in an exhibition hall.

Project 4 (3rd year, term 6)

Mid-rise apartment building
Duration is 6 weeks. Students design a block of flats to be built in a small town. During the work on
the design, students are to solve the following problems:
· To
study the typology of mid-rise apartment buildings
· To
define the social program i.e. The purpose of the construction (to be sold, to be let, to be used for
the city council needs, etc.), social status of its inhabitants, social model of the dwelling
· To
chose the necessary type of building and locate a group of buildings on the offered area on this
basis
· To
define necessary types of flats (their sizes, number of rooms, etc.)
· To
work out plans, elevations and sections on the basis of defined functional and social
requirements
· To
ensure that architectural solutions correspond to acting regulations
· To
chose a rational structural scheme and the way of construction.
Consultations are given together with structural engineers. The particular design is often used as a
basis for practical exercises in the subjects: "Architectural Structures", "Technology of
Construction'' (erection of the part of the building above the ground, finishing).

Project 5, (3rd year, term 6)

Settlement for 1-1.5 thousand inhabitants
Duration is 6 weeks. The aim is to provide initial conceptions and skills in organisation of
residential environment as a town planning system. While designing, the student is to study the
given natural and landscape situation to work out the functional and planning frame of the
settlement for the given situation (zoning of the territory, structure of pedestrian and vehicle
communications, system of service industry), to work out residential development (to chose the
necessary types of housing, define their siting), to model the settlement centre.
Consultations are provided in problems of ecology and transport.

Project 6 (4th year, term 7)

Secondary school
Duration is 6 weeks. Many departments on designs in their specialisation spend this time. In this
way students get an opportunity to study one of the fields of architectural activity in which they can
specialise more thoroughly beginning in the 5th year. Problems are defined in each case
individually.
Project 7 (4th year, term 7)
Planning of a residential town district for 10-15 thousand inhabitants
Duration is 8 weeks. The design is worked out for a real situation. While working at this design
students deepen their knowledge acquired earlier in landscape architecture and general architectural
and spatial devices of urban residential environment solution.
In addition to this new problems are set: solution of local problems on the basis of the general
design of the town, working out a developed system of cultural and everyday life service of the
population and greenery system, organisation of pedestrian and vehicle traffic and (most
importantly) creation of an impressive architectural and artistic appearance of residential
development.
The work at the design is carried out with specialists in ecology and transport taking an active part
in it. Practical exercises are done in these subjects in order to check and correct solutions of the
architectural design.
The mark is determined by a defence. The design is assessed according to the knowledge of town
planning norms and rules, capability to organise and design urban environment as a complex
multifunctional system and to creation of a memorable appearance of the residential district, town
block, and group of buildings.

Project 8 (4th year, term 8 )

Museum
Duration is 6 weeks. This is a town museum of medium size. It could be a museum of natural
history, or domestic arts and crafts, museum of a large industrial enterprise, or of public activities
and interest etc.
The design includes the elaboration of principal elements of interior (2 weeks). The principal task is
the designing of some social object in the town’s build-up environment.

Project 9 (4th year, term 8)

Multi-story block of flats
Duration is 8 weeks. This comprehensive project consists of two stages: Project 9 – designing of the
basic conceptual decision and project №10 – the detailed elaboration of the Project 9 in the form of
work drawings.
The aim of Project 9 is to work out a design of a building with at least 6 stories (to be constructed in
the town district in project 7). The student is required to study norms, typology and principles of
designing residential buildings with elevators, to study town planning conditions on the site, to
work out the general structure of the building and two or three types of flat, to suggest the general
shape of the block, and composition of the facades, taking into consideration town planning
conditions, to find a rational solution of the basic constructive problems, and to take into account
requirements of engineering equipment when defining the building's planning.
Consultations are given together with structural engineers, and specialists in engineering equipment.

Project 10 (4th year, term 8)

Drawing of a multi-story residential block (continuation of the previous assignment)
Duration is 2-3 weeks. The aim of this design is to acquire initial experience in the basic parts of the
design (structures, equipment, building materials, and economics), students are to fully show the
interconnection of architectural and engineering solutions and to master normative demands of
working designs and their formation.
The content of the design:
· Th
e "Structure" section is to display drawings explaining the structure of floors, and external walls,
and to work out of a typical fragment or architectural detail (oriole, entrance, staircase, mansard
story, etc., 3-4 constructive joints, specification of elements (units) for the erection of walls and
floors.
· In
the "Building Materials" section there should be a list of basic materials for the erection of
buildings, and their external and internal finishing.
· In
the "Economics" section there is a calculation of the construction cost.
Designs are drawn on 8-10 sheets (A-3 format) under the supervision of architects and specialists in
these subjects.
Additional project training:
During the 3 – 5 years training in the architectural design the student could perform additional or
alternative project studies on various competition programs such as OTIS (USA), Lyceum
Fellowship (USA), SAN–TIM (Hungary), and others.
The institute has established the Training of students in computer programming and techniques for
the architectural design, such as AUTOCAD 13, 3DStudio 4, 3DMax, and CADdy 10,
AutoArchitect (by Softdesk).
Skills obtained by the students are applicable in the academic study projects including working
drawing, interior designing, and presentation of projects.

2.1.2. Principals of Theory of Urban and District Planning (4th year, term 8)
The course in "Regional Planning" introduces students of all specialities to the basic principles of
territory spatial planning.
The course content is displayed in lectures and contains the following basic questions: the aims and
tasks of regional planning (territory spatial planning), the interrelation of district planning problems
with social, economic, and demographic processes, the main forms of population distribution (urban
agglomerations, large, medium and small towns, rural distribution), the formation of the distribution
frame, the sections of regional planning (transport and engineering services, natural and economic
questions of regional planning, and the specifics of economic development of land (objects of
district planning): industry, agriculture and forestry, nature management, etc.), and comprehensive
planning organisation of the territory.
At the end of the 8th term a test is given to check the course material knowledge.

2.1.3. Architectural Typology of Buildings and Structures (3rd year, term 5)

The course runs for 34 hours and is to give students knowledge about methods of forming different
types of buildings and structures ensuring successful realization of processes of labour, everyday
life, recreation and culture, ethics, and aesthetics. Lectures reveal notions of architecture as a single
system of social, functional, technological, ideological and artistic factors in their unity. They also
explain the main requirements of industrial, residential and civic buildings and structures, and the
principles of designing various types of building and structure, taking into consideration their
preferable features and characteristics, and place and role in an urban and natural environment.
Great attention is paid to students' understanding of social principles of buildings and structures,
architectural principles of designing, and the specifics of the formation of industrial, residential and
civic buildings and structures, as well as their planning (three-dimensional/spatial, structural,
engineering/technical, architectural and artistic) solutions.
As a result, the student is to possess knowledge of principles of typology of buildings and structures
of various kinds and to take a credit test at the end of the term.

2.2. Humanity, Social and Political Subjects

2.2.1. Philosophy (3rd year, terms 5, 6)

The aim of the course is to communicate knowledge about historical types of outlook, main notions
and categories of philosophy by means of historical, theoretical and methodological cognition of the
world and employment of philosophical methods in the work of the architect.
The course consists of 68 lecture hours, and 60 seminars. Colloquiums are conducted. Students
write essays. At the end of the 5th term they take a credit test, and after the 6th term an examination.

2.2.4. History of Russian Architecture (3rd year, terms 5, 6)

and
2.2.5. History of Urban Planning Art (4th year, terms 7, 8)
These subjects complete the historical subject course begun at the Faculty of General Training.
They represent a successively studied cycle of subjects, and ensure mastering the world
architectural and artistic heritage in its historical development.
"History of Russian Architecture" teaching meets all the previous year requirements, but it also has
to satisfy some additional requirements. In this course, introduction to the whole of the country's
architectural heritage (its national, regional and local schools) is accentuated. The purpose of the
History of Russian Architecture is not only to give students all necessary information, but also to
show the importance of a creative approach to the preservation of the historic environment,
problems of keeping national originality of architecture, and questions of the correspondence of
architectural creative activity to the local cultural, artistic and natural context.

The main tasks of the course are:

· A
study by each student of the Russian architecture development process, and the main features of
its evolution, periods, and originality.
· A
cquaintance with all (without any exception) outstanding examples of Russian architecture and,
as well as possible, with all historic Russian buildings in general.
· A
cquaintance with the specifics of the historic environment and the basic principles of its
interpretation when designing.
· C
ontribution to the formation of architectural conceptual aspects, connected with the preservation
of the architectural heritage in Russia.
· Te
aching students methods of analysing historical buildings of Russia.
“History of Town Planning Art” completes the historical subjects’ cycle. Not only does it examine
outstanding towns and cities and their ensembles, and the whole process of urbanisation of this
planet in general, but also includes important theoretical aspects. This course is based on a
comprehensive conception of the town, which takes into consideration its social and economic
development, and the ecology of urban culture. The course organically consists of the history of
theoretical teachings about settlement planning beginning from Antiquity, and including epochs of
Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, and 19th and 20th centuries. The analysis of the whole system of
human settlements in general (dating from various epochs in the structure of the historic landscape
affected by the man) also plays an important part in this course.
The main tasks of the course are:
· A
cquaintance with the world history of town development.
· St
udy of the theory of historical teachings in the field of town planning.
· Ex
planation of characteristic professional methods of town planners of various historical epochs
and countries.
· A
nalysis of professional town planning problem solution in various historical epochs.
· Fo
rmation of careful attitude to the historic urban environment, developing an understanding of its
specifics.
· A
nalysis of urban ensembles, town planning, and historic territories.
The methods of teaching the historic cycle subjects in the MARKHI combine traditional University
teaching of historical courses with the specifics of professional approach, which focuses on creative
problems. The syllabus structure is the same for all subjects, and consists of the following elements:
lecture course, seminars, course work, consultations with members of the teaching staff, and
examinations.
The course work consists of writing an essay, compiling a bibliography on the chosen theme, and
making a graphic analysis according to the particular building or problem.
The execution of the course work is carried out in close co-operation of the student and the staff
member. In this manner, the theme is chosen, the form of analysis is defined, data is collected, and
bibliography is compiled.
At the end of each term the student takes an examination. Only students who have submitted their
course work and got a "pass" for them are admitted to take the examination. To get this "pass" the
student's work must meet a number of criteria: acquaintance with the theme, orientation in
literature, covering a wide range of data, and quality of the analysis.

2.2.6. Soviet and Modern Foreign Architecture (4th year, terms 7, 8)

The main aim of studying the architecture of this country of 1910 - 1990 is to foster professional
culture of the prospective architect, and widen his professional outlook. The course describes the
main stages of the development of Soviet architecture (e.g. the 20s, the 30s, the post-war period).
Major themes include: the development of the "New Moscow" General Plan (1918 - 1924), the
architectural competition of the 20s, (Palace of Labour, Housing for Workers etc.), the architecture
of the Agricultural Exhibition (1923), the work of masters belonging to different creative trends, the
architectural competition for the buildings of Narkomtyazhprom (Ministry of Heavy Industry), the
Palace of Soviets, the architecture of exhibition pavilions, the architectural conceptions of Stalinist
epoch, the reconstruction of destroyed cities (Kiev, Sevastopol, Stalingrad, etc), the architecture of
mass housing, etc.
Students attend lectures and seminars and do a practical study (a small historical research on a
theme defined by the teacher). Examples include: finding literature (with articles from journals)
describing the history of building some object, comparing competition designs of some object in the
form of a verbal description or a graphic work, etc.
Some practical projects are carried out in the form of the examination of a building, often together
with foreign students (e.g. a study was carried out on the club built by Melnikov in Stromynka and
residential building of Narkomfin by Ginzburg and Milinis).
To check the efficiency of the lecture course and seminars, special tests are conducted. For
example, students may draw objects named by the teacher without referring to books.
The credit test at the end of each term is conducted in the form of a discussion with the teacher and
in the form of answers to question of a general nature on problems touched upon at lectures and
seminars.

2.3. Engineering and Technical Subjects

2.3.1. Statics (3rd year, terms 5, 6)

The course provides studying of the following problems: kinematics analysis of structures,
calculations of statically determinate systems, statically determinate multi-span beams, three-hinged
arches and frames, statically determinate trusses, general theorems of building mechanics of elastic
systems, calculations of statically indeterminate frames, calculations of statically indeterminate
arches, calculation of space systems, and calculations of retaining walls.
On the basis of this course the student is to apply his knowledge in architectural design process
easily, examine geometric rigidity of the structure, define efforts as statically determinate and
indeterminate systems, calculate movements, check stability of compressed elements, and so on.
The student is to be able to evaluate the strength and durability of the structure.
Forms of teaching are lectures, practical training, and seminars.
During the Training process the student executes four calculation and graphic works.
At the end of the term students take a credit test, and at the end of the course an examination.

2.3.2. Architectural Structures (3rd year terms 5, 6; 4th year terms 7, 8)

The aim of this course is to teach methods of designing the "box" of the building as a unity of
individual elements which match the architectural conception and to realise it.
The course consists of two sections:
Section 1 - Architectural structures of large-span single-storey industrial and civic buildings.
Section 2 - Architectural structures of multi-storey buildings.
This sequence of material is explained by its thematically connection with the key subject -
architectural design and gradual complication of the material. The first of these factors is extremely
important as "Architectural Structures" teaching is based on the principle of comprehensive
designing, as it has been mentioned in section 2.2.1. The gist of this method consists in feed-
forward and feedback connections between the key and related subjects namely:
· D
epending on architectural design, which is considered "basic" term, designs are worked out in
those related subjects which can influence its three-dimensional and planning solutions, and the
basic design is completed and developed in its sections.
· Th
ese term designs help to consolidate students' knowledge in the related subject in a
comprehensive perception with architectural problems.
· Th
ese term designs are presented at the comprehensive design defence and help to justify the design
solutions, and to reveal students' knowledge in complex.
The teaching takes the form of lectures and practical training in the following way: lectures are
given and seminars are held. Then, the designs are prepared. At the end of the 5th term students
take an examination, and at the end of the 7th term they take a credit test.

2.3.3. Structural engineering (4th year, terms 7, 8; 5th year, terms 9, 10)
The part of the course taken on 4th year (7-8 terms) consists of three following divisions:

Steel Structures
The aim of teaching this subject is to study problems of forming structures, joints, and details,
approximate methods of calculating structures, and recommendations for their rational employment.
Teaching this subject is realised in the forms of lectures and practical training. The lecture course
(20 academic hours) consists of two sections. The first one consists of the following: general
information on steel structures, principles of calculation of metal structures, joining metal
structures, beams and columns (calculation and construction), roof trusses, types of trusses,
calculation of trusses and construction of joints.
The second section consists of frame structures, arched structures, domed structures, and cross-rod
structures. After each section assessment tests are given.
During the whole term consultation seminars are conducted as well as additional consultations.
Term calculation and graphic work assignments are given, and students defend their work.
The calculation and graphic work consists of arranging the constructive scheme of the building,
calculating the main load-bearing structure of the building frame, constructing joints of the main
load-bearing structure, and the graphic execution of the work.
At the end of the term an examination is held.

Timber Structures
This subject Introduces students to the principles of design, calculations, preparation, and assembly
of wooden structures serving various functions. Physical and mechanical properties, structural
specifics and calculation methods of timber structure elements are discussed. The course consists of
a cycle of lectures (20 academic hours). Students study the following themes: general information
on wooden structures, calculation of elements, joining timber structure elements, beams,
constructing timber, steel and wooden trusses, flat thrust structures (arches and frames), space
structures and structures out of plastics. Two projects to check comprehension of these themes are
given.
During the term students do a course in calculating and graphic work. It consists of arranging the
constructive scheme of the building, calculating the main bearing structure, constructing and
calculating joints of the main bearing structure and graphic design of the work.

Reinforced Concrete Structures

This subject examines questions of the employment of pre-stressed and pre-fabricated or monolith
decking, prefabricated construction, and assembly of buildings and structures out of advanced
structures, etc.
The course consists of 23 lectures and 2 course calculation and graphic projects.
In each term students write 2 check up papers on the themes of lectures: physical and mechanical
properties of concrete, armature and ferro-concrete, principles of calculation of reinforced concrete
elements, specifics of their construction, and principles of designing reinforced concrete structures.
Students also study civic and industrial buildings, structural designs of single-storey and multi-
storey frame and panel buildings, floor structures, questions of calculation and construction of
large-span fiat and space structures.
The first course calculation and graphic task is done in the 7th term on the theme “calculation and
construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of a frame single-storey or multi-storey
building”. It consists of arranging the structural scheme of the building, calculating prefabricated
ferro-concrete elements of the building, constructing prefabricated elements and joints of the frame
building, and the graphic design of the task.
At the end of 7th term students take a credit test.
The second course task is done in the 8th term. It is an individual assignment devoted to calculating
and constructing space or flat roofing structure of a large-span civic or industrial building. It
consists of a draft solution of the building structure in two versions, arranging of the structure
scheme of the building, calculating the main load bearing of the roofing, constructing and solving
joints of the bearing structure of the roofing, graphic design of the task.
At the end of the 8th term students are to take an examination in the whole course of reinforced
concrete structures.
2.3.4. Architectural Materials (3rd year, term 6)
This course completes the "Building Materials" course began in the 1st year. The aim of the course
is to show the role of building materials in the creation of an architectural image of the building
structure. Its tasks consist of the appreciation of the role of building materials in the creation, the
development and perception of an architectural form, and the demonstration of the possibility
regulating aesthetic characteristics of building materials (i.e. in order to get the required appearance
of the external and internal finishing of the building appreciation of the experience of finishing
building materials employment).
The course consists of practical training, and seminars with a credit test at the end.
2.3.5. Light in Architecture and Lighting Engineering. (4th year, terms 7, 8)
These subjects are parts of the "Architectural Physics" course. They begin with an introductory
section, “Subject and Role of Architectural Physics in the Architect's Creative Method"
The main aim of the course is to give an idea of the natural and artificial environments affected by
the man and the laws of its formation to satisfy utilitarian and aesthetic needs of man.
The main task of the course is to show theoretical principles of forming the thermal, lighting and
acoustic environment when designing towns as well as civic, industrial and residential buildings, to
describe principles of architectural climatology and heat engineering specifics of buildings, and
methods of normalisation, calculation and design of lighting, acoustics and sound insulation of
buildings.
The introduction examines the problem: nature-man architecture-ecology and its requirement in
relation to the architect's professional skill.
“Architectural Climatology” analyses general notions on climate and factors forming climate such
as balance of radiation and heat, general atmosphere circulation, and the situation of the building (to
account for weather conditions, and heat and light environment in urban spaces and buildings).
Students study:
· Pr
inciples of climate division of the country into regions and normalisation of natural climate
conditions for purposes of architectural designing;
· Ph
ysiological principles of heat and moisture exchange of humans with the environment;
· N
otions of sanitary norms and comfort;
· M
ethods of considering natural and climate conditions of the area when designing;
· Ty
pological specifics of town planning and designing civic buildings in the North, in middle
latitudes and hot South of the country and planet, rules of forming architectural solutions of these
problems and their perception by humans depending on climate conditions being analysed as
well as the interdependence of these conditions with the principal categories of architecture and
the architect's creative method (manner, style, composition, typology, etc.), and national
traditions and conditions of life;
· Pr
inciples of thermal microclimate, and heat insulating properties of external enclosing structures.
The "Climatology" course is taught through lectures (16 academic hours) and practical training (18
hours) for preparing "the climate passport" of the area for the design term.
"Light in Architecture" consists of four sections: a) the sun in architecture (isolation and sun
protection); b) diffused light of the sky in architecture (natural lighting of rooms); c) artificial light
in architecture (light architecture); d) colour in architecture (architectural colour science).
"Architectural Light Science" examines the role of light in architecture, the ability of light and
colour to form architecture, principles of calculation methods of modelling the light and colour
environment, and graphic and experimental methods of modelling the light and colour environment.
The course consists of 40 lecture hours, 20 seminars, and two laboratory tasks.
The current progress is checked by the submission of calculations and a graphic task. A credit test is
in the 6th term, and examinations are in the 7-8 terms.
2.3.6. Transport and Engineering Services. (4th year, terms 7, 8)
The aim of the course is to give necessary knowledge in the interaction of transport and planning, to
satisfy of the present transport requirements for laying out streets, roads and squares, to provide
transport servicing for various buildings and complexes, to project a complex of engineering
measures for rational employment of urban land (providing drainage of surface waters, defence of
land from floods, valley formation, landslides, mudflows), and to improve city lands.
The "Transport" section takes one term: 17 lectures and 18 hours of practical training. The course
consists of studying of such elements of the urban transport system as mass and individual
passenger transport, cargo-carrying vehicles, street and road networks, intersections in one or
different levels, provision of transport servicing residential and civic development, basic notions of
external rail, water, air and motor traffic.
When studying these problems, students prepare a course task on a comprehensive solution of
problems connected with transport servicing residential and civic development, and transport
problems of a comprehensive architectural design of residential area.
Students get a pass mark on the basis of their knowledge of the theoretical material, quality of
course work, and the solution of transport problems in the architectural design.
"Engineering service'' is studied for one term. (17 lectures and 16 hours of practical training). The
course consists of studying the influence of the topography on land planning, methods and devices
of vertical planning, methods of organisation of water-ways and drainage systems, defence of urban
land from under-watering and flooding, methods of creating reservoirs and their engineering
services, special cases of engineering work on sites (appearance of valleys, landslides, subsidence
of rock, mudflows etc.), and principles of engineering improvement of the land (driveways and
pavements, greenery, lighting, and underground services).
Students prepare a course task on a series of problems, connected with the solution of engineering
services on the residential development of land: the improvement of water ways, vertical planning
of a street plot, intersection and the territory inside the town block.
The test with a mark takes into account both the knowledge of the theoretical material and the
course work quality.

2.3.8. Technology of Building Constructions. (3rd year, terms 5, 6)

The purpose of the course is to introduce students to up-to-date methods of the employment of
building materials, structures, technical means and methods of building (and assembly) processes
when erecting buildings, and structures of various architectural, structural and technological
systems. This is examined as processes connected with the architect's concept realisation whose
specifics are to be taken into account during the design stage.
The course program is realised in the form of lectures, seminars and practical training. The course is
completed with educational practice (46 academic hours).
The program entails two course tasks:
In the autumn term is an adaptation to the site of the civic planning project and design of the
building's underground part.
In the spring term a process chart for the erection of the above ground part of the civil or industrial
building designed by the student. The course and calculating and graphic tasks are obligatory. A
pass marks the satisfactory completion of the task at the end of the term. This pass is an obligatory
condition for the student being admitted to the examination which is taken at the completion of the
course.
The educational practicum is carried out in the 6th term in two stages:
1. Th
eatre lectures covering all aspects of the course
2. Ex
 cursions (accompanied by lectures) to objects of house-building enterprises of different
technological systems comprising the main stages of erecting buildings and structures.
During this week long practicum, students are exempt from training in all subjects. After the
completion of the practicum, the student submits his report to the teacher in charge of the
practicum.

2.3.9. Economic principles of Architectural practice. (4th year, terms 7, 8)

The course consists of education of economic thinking elements on the basis of architectural and
planning and structural variants to make up decisions providing the highest social and economic
efficiency and competitiveness of the design of the structure in the process of its erection and
maintenance.
Students are introduced to economic principles of the activities of project and construction
organisations, and work out practical skills under the condition of a radical economic reform.
The course program is carried out in the form of lecture seminars and practical training. It entails
two course tasks:
Autumn term - technical and economic calculations, and determination of a residential building
designed by the student.
Spring term - technical and economic evaluation and determination of calculated indices for the
residential area design.
The course and calculation and graphic tasks are obligatory. Their completion is marked by a pass,
which allows the student to be admitted to the examination. The examination is administered at the
completion of the course.

2.3.10. Engineering Equipment of Buildings (4th year, terms 7, 8)

The aim of the course is to introduce students to the complex of engineering devices and
technological process, providing comfortable living and working conditions for inhabitants: cold
and hot water supply, gas supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, sewerage, electric
equipment, refuse disposal devices, telephones etc.
Students listen to lectures, attend seminars, and prepare home and course work, and write essays.
(Total 68 hours)
In the architectural design process during the whole year specialists of the department advise
students as experts in related subjects.

2.4. Visual Art Subjects

2.4.1. Artistic Drawing (3rd year, terms 5, 6)

This work is a continuation and completion of the course began in terms 1 - 4. The aim of the
course is the professional expression of one's creative ideas (i.e. to be able to draw freely from
imagination and not from nature). Therefore, each term students do exercises for developing
imagination and acquiring compositional skills.
The course consists of two main parts:
1. Fi
gure drawing. Study and free hand drawing of the human form makes it possible to develop a
wide range of professional qualities, which cannot be acquired with any other object. Among
them are observation skills, selectivity of perception, and feeling of proportions, scale, etc.
Students study the shape and structure of the human figure (skeleton and muscle anatomy,
connection of the functions of different body parts with their structure, sizes of details, and
movement). Understanding of the movement of body parts as static and dynamic structures is
developed. Students study the specifics of drawing male and female figures, age changes in the
 human proportions, the differences in anatomy of man with that of animal to help understand
common features and differences of biological forms in nature.
2. Ar
chitecture and its surroundings. Exercises in architectural themes develop the three-dimensional
and spatial thinking, artistic skills and compositional ability of prospective architects. Principles
and methods of constructive and structural drawing are fixed in the mind of the student, and
practical drawing skills are developed. Teachers attempt to teach students to be able to execute
drawings, drafts sketches with an emphasis on stylization, locale, and scale. This is a key
graphic language necessary for the intermediate expression of his idea in the process of work.

2.4.2. Architectural Colour Design (3rd year, term 5)

The aims of the course are:
1. D
emonstration of and understanding of color theory in the architectural environment by means of
color expressive context, working out a color proposal to change the established color
environment, and designing of the environment using painting.
2. M
astering artistic skills, means, and methods for the most efficient display of the color meaning of
the architectural concept, both a real one of their own and an imagined one.
3. Sk
ills of expressing colour theory of one's own or imagined project using artistic means of
monumental art.

3.0. Checking Knowledge.

Promotion to other Programmes and the rules of expulsion from the Bachelor’s Degree
Programme.
The promotion to the other Programmes (Master’ is made after the student's completion of the 5th
year program on the basis of passing all tests and examinations according to the curriculum and the
practice. It is impossible to be promoted to the Faculty of Specialized Training with academic
requirement. The student may satisfy his requirements before the 1st of September (the beginning of
the Academic year) so departments give examinations and tests in August. The promotion is
realised by an order signed by the Rector on the basis of documents prepared by the Dean of the
.Bachelor’s Programme.
Extraordinary cases of not passing examinations explained by the student's illness or other serious
circumstances are examined specially at a meeting of the Qualification Commission chaired by the
Rector (or Vice-Rector in charge of the curriculum) and consisting of Deans, representatives of the
trade union organisation and student's counsel.
The procedure of a student's expulsion from BDP is directly connected with its reason. If the
student fails to do everything required by the curriculum, does not comply with the rules of the
Institute and training, or has committed misdemeanours punishable by the Criminal Law, and so on,
he may be expelled from the Institute by the institute administration (the Rector's order). The
initiative can be taken by the tutor of the group, dean's office, an institute official, representative of
the institute social organisations, or state institutions (militia etc.). This proposal is discussed in the
presence of the student and the initiator at the Deans' meetings and then approved by the Institute
Rector. The most frequent reasons for the expulsion are failing to pass an examination session,
missing obligatory lectures or training hours (architectural designing, artistic drawing, painting)
without good reasons, or misbehaviour (in the hostel, or public spaces).
One of the frequent and lawful forms of the student's expulsion is his withdrawal on his own
account on the basis of his personal application. This request is never refused in such cases.
4.0. The program of specializations for the 5th year
The syllabus of studies (table I) shows the number of common academic hours for each
specialization - 14(10) hours a week out of the total number of 31 academic hours a week during the
ninth term and 28 hours in the tenth term. The program for each specialization on the 5th year
provides for 544 academic hours including 340 for obligatory classes in architectural design (10
hours a week) and about 200 hours for theoretical subjects, among them some 60-75 lectures during
the fifth year. The actual time-table for all specializations gives more hours to the architectural
design than the syllabus provides. Two days a week are given to the architectural design (6+6=12
hours), that is, 12 hours in class; in addition, in the ninth term students have one free day a week
(Saturday) for their individual work.
The key department in each specialization forms the program of theory and design training within
the framework of this schedule. The department determines the structure of theoretical subjects and
the form of their presentation (lectures, seminars). The department also defines the philosophy, the
sequence, the methodological aims and tasks of practical projects (architectural designing), and
works out the programs for the designing and the research work. The key department chooses the
forms and places for the design practice. The students' progress in theoretical subjects is assessed by
examinations and marked out of 5 marks, or by the credit tests - out of 2 marks. Architectural
designs are marked by the board of the examiners out of 10 marks.

5.0. The diploma (graduation) project and the presentation of the diploma project
According to the syllabus for the fifth-year course the diploma project occupies the 9th and 10th
terms, – from September till next June. The program for the 9th term includes the pre-diploma
project and several theoretical subjects, including ecology, contemporary problems, project
management and pre-graduation design practice. The students who have successfully completed the
program of training and have got all the examinations and credits for all subjects of the first 4 years
are admitted to work at the diploma (graduation) project. All the examination marks and credits are
registered in the student's book and summarized in the assessment form, which has examination
marks and credits on some 50 subjects plus the subjects included in the specialization.
The diploma project is in essence a training exercise it is done by the student under the supervision
of the teacher from the graduation department. In his project the student should demonstrate that the
level of his knowledge and skills corresponds to the standards of the architect-beginner. Therefore
the diploma project should represent a complex architectural and building elaboration of the object.
If the diploma design is devoted to history or theory of architecture, or town-planning, the
comprehensive study is also required. The themes of the diploma project should be as close as
possible to real design.
The graduation departments use various means to make the diploma project as practical as possible.
One way is to get commissions from design offices for real projects, and to subsequently pass the
best diploma projects to the clients for future realization. Another way is to get a commission for
real project from the design office, where the student could undergo his pre-diploma practice.
Sometimes clients buy the completed diploma projects from the Institute for future realization.
The methods of work at the diploma project are determined by the head of the design studio. The
diploma project is an individual independent project. But sometimes several students are allowed to
work at one large project - they work as a group. In this case each student is obliged to have some
part of the design made individually.
The diploma project should consist of a number of drawings, an explanatory essay and a paper on
the theme of the diploma project. Work on the diploma project is carried out according to the
schedule set by the graduation department. The department sets intermediate control dates and
checks the work at various stages. At the last check the department determines whether the diploma
project could or could not be admitted for the ‘defence’.
The "defence" of the diploma projects takes place before the State Examination Board or
Attestation (S.E.B. or S.A.B.) (usually up to 15 members). Several Boards of Examiners are formed
by the Institute, one for each specialization. The board consists of leading practicing architects and
also includes the dean of the Faculty, the head of the department and several professors, who are not
involved in diploma projects. In the board there are also sociologists, engineers, and technologists.
Before the diploma project is submitted to the Board of Examiners, it should be reviewed by an
architect working in this field. The student presents his project before the Board of Examiners and
speaks about the main features of his design, architectural and technical solutions and costs. The
architect review report is read, and the members of the Board ask questions and give their opinions of
the design. The professor-supervisor of the project assesses the nature of the student's work. Each
member of the Board marks the project out of 10 marks and average the mean mark is calculated. The
Board of Examiners may recommend the design for practical realization and recommend the student
for the post-graduate courses if more than 75% of his subjects have a grade of ‘excellent’, has done
excellent diploma work, and has shown abilities at research.
If the diploma (graduation) project is marked satisfactory and the student has satisfactory marks in
all the subjects during all the years at the Institute, he is granted the qualification of an architect and
is given the standard diploma. If the graduate has excellent marks (over 75 per cent), he gets a
diploma with honors.
If the Board of Examiners finds the diploma project unsatisfactory, the student does not get the
diploma and receives the certificate that states he has only completed the course of studies at the
Institute. The Rector's office and the department may allow such a student to work at the diploma
(graduation) project next year.
Each year some 250 people graduate from the Institute in all specializations. So in the last three
years some 750 architects graduated from the Moscow Institute of Architecture.