ssZh-imkv{X]T-\tam tamN-\-am¿§w?

sk_m-Ãy≥ h´-a‰w

tIc-f-I-tØm-en-°m-k-`-bn¬ "Ip™m-Sp-I-ƒ' F∂pw "hnizm-kn-Iƒ' F∂pw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂

A¬ta-\n-Isf Xncp-ta-\n-I-fpsS \pI-Øn¬\n∂p tamNn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v Bflm¿∞-ambn B{K-ln-
°p∂ Hcp hµy-h-tbm-[n-I-\m-Wv s{]m^. sI. ‰n. sk_m-Ãy≥. AXn-\mbn At±lw Gsd-°m-e-
ambn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw k`m-th-Zn-I-fn¬ hmZn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-cp∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ {it≤-b-amb
Hcp ]pkvX-I-amWv "AflmbssZh-im-kv{X-Øn-s\mcp Bap-Jw'.1
BtKm-f-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{XØn¬ aq∂p L´-ß-fnembn \ne-hn¬ h∂ -k-`bpsS aq∂p Xc-t`-
Z-ßsf {KŸ-Im-c≥ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p: 1. F√m k`mw-K-߃°pw XpeyXbpw ]utcm-ln-Xyhp-ap-
≠m-bn-cp∂ BZn-a-k` 2. tIm¨Ã-ss‚≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS Imew-ap-X¬ c≠mw hØn-°m≥
Iu¨kn¬(1962-˛1965) hsc-bp≈ lbcm¿°n-°¬ sshZn-I-ta-[m-hnØ k` 3. Iu¨kn-en-\p tij-
ap≈ ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ k`.
tIc-f-Øn¬ am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS am¿Kw ]n¥p-S¿∂p-t]m∂ k`-bn¬ ta¬∏-d™ BZn-a-k-`-
tbmSv Gsd kam-\-X-I-fp≈ ]mcº-cy-amWp t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS BK-a\w hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv.
c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨knen¬ Cu al-Ømb ]mc-ºcyw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬ tIc-f-Ønse
k`m-t\-XrXzw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. ""km¿∆-{Xn-I-k-`-bpsS thZn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ sa{Xm-∑mcpw hnZ-
Kv[cpw £an-°p-I. \ΩpsS ]mc-º-cy-sØbpw k`m-Z¿i-\-sØbpw Ipdn®v Cu thZn-I-fn¬ Ah¿
kwkm-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv hen-sbmcp IrXy-hn-tem-]-am-bn. Cu IrXy-hn-tem]w C∂v Hcp \mW-t°-
Sns‚ Xew hsc FØn-bn-cn-°p∂p.''(]pdw 37)
hØn-°m≥Iu¨kn-en\p tijw AtX- ]m-c-º-cyapb¿-Øn∏nSn®v kzX{¥ kotdm-a-e_m¿
k` km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ hnP-bn-®p. F∂m¬ tXmΩm-am¿§-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Chn-
SsØ ]≈n-tbm-K-Øns‚ P\m-b-Ø-kz-`mhawKo-I-cn-°m≥ sa{Xm-∑mcpw kwLhpw Ct∂mfw Xøm-
dm-bn´n-√.
1992-˛¬ \ne-hn¬h∂ kotdm-a-e-_m¿ k` 1995-˛¬ ]≈n-tbm-K-Øns‚ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-Øns‚
Ic-Sp-tcJ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. ""ssIhbv]v e`n® sshZn-I¿ k`-bnse `c-W-I¿-Øm-°fpw A¬am-b¿
`c-Wo-b-cp-am-sW-∂p≈(hIp∏v 979) Ime-l-c-W-s∏-´Xpw hnI-e-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn-
emWv'' AsX-gp-X-s∏-´-Xv. Ic-Sp-tcJ ]pd-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒØs∂ AXnse {]Xn-tem-a-]-c-amb hIp-∏p-
Iƒs°-Xnsc A¬amb]£-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v {]Xn-I-cn-®-bm-fmWv {KŸ-Im-c≥. ImX-e-mb ]e am‰-
ßfpw At±lw \n¿t±-in°pIbpw sNbvXp. ""`c-Wm-[n-Imcw ssIsbm-∏p-≈-h¿°p am{Xw F∂m-bn-
cp-∂n√ \ΩpsS ]mc-ºcyw'' F∂-t±lw Xd-∏n-®p-]-d-™p. F∂m¬ tXmΩm-am¿§-Øn¬ ]≈n-tbm-
K-Øn\p≠m-bn-cp∂ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-߃ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-W-sa∂ At±-l-Øns‚ kp{]-[m-\-
\n¿t±iw Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
Aßs\ BtKm-f-k-`bnse aq∂mw Ime-L-´-Øn\p XpS-°w-Ip-dn® hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬
Aevta-\n-I-fn¬ DW¿Øn-hn´ {]Xym-i-sbm∂pw tIc-f-k-`-bn¬ k^-e-am-bn-´n-s√∂p {KŸ-Im-c≥
ka¿∞n-°p-∂p. am‰Øn\p hne-ßp-X-Sn-I-fmbn {]h¿Øn® ]ptcm-ln-X-ta-[m-hn-Isf {]Xn-°q-´n-em-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
I¿±n-\m-ƒ Be-t©-cn-bpsS Biw-kbpw B¿®v_n-j-∏v ]∆-Øn-ens‚ Ah-Xm-cn-Ibpw tUm.
]n. kn. A\n-b≥Ip™v F∂ Aevta-\n-bpsS {]th-in-Ibpw IS-∂p-thWw ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ D≈-
S-°-Øn-te°p IS-°m≥. Xm\pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ k`m-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-s\-Xnsc {KŸ-Im-c-\p-∂-bn-°p∂
Btcm-]-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \ho-I-c-W-\n¿t±-i-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw I¿±n-\mƒ X{¥-]-c-ambn au\w ]men-
°p-∂p. B¿®v _nj-∏n\m-Is´ AsX-°p-dn-s®ms° ]d-bm-\p-≈X - n-{X a
- m-{Xw, ""Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ Du∂n-
∏-d-bp∂ Hcp Imcyw Cß-s\-bp≈ kan-Xn-Iƒ Btem-N-\m-k-an-Xn-Iƒ am{X-am-bm¬ t]mcm, Ah
Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°p∂ kan-Xn-I-fm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. C∂sØ Ipg-™p-a-dn™ kml-N-cy-ß-
fn¬ CsX{X {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-Ip-sa∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. hnL-Sn-X- {Kq-∏p-Ifpw \ma-am-{X-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
cmjv{So-b-{`-a-°mcpw Ac-ßp-X-I¿°p∂ thf-bn¬ CØcw kan-Xn-I-sf√mw icn-bmb Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-
°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Iptam F∂p Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.'' C¥y°p kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip∂ Imcy-Øn¬
]≠p kmbn-∏n-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ AtX A¶-em∏v!
CXnepw hnNn-{X-amWv A¬ta-\nbmb A\n-b≥Ip™n-s‚ {]Xn-I-c-Ww. At±-l-sa-gp-Xp-∂p,
""\nb-a-]-c-ambn D]-tZ-i-I-k-an-Xn-sb-¶nepw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p∂ kan-Xn-bmbn ]≈n-
tbm-K-߃ \ne-\n∂p t]mcp-∂p.''- F¶n¬∏ns∂ AXp \nb-a-]cw IqSn B°n-bm-se¥m F∂p
tNmZn®v \ap°nt±-lsØ, Cu Imcp-Wy-h¿j-Øn¬, hnj-an-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°mw.
hØn-°m≥ kq\-l-tZm-kn\p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ k`bnse A[n-Im-c-L-S-\sb°p-dn®p hy‡-
amb kqN-\-Iƒ ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. hnip-≤-\mbn \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏´ ]Ømw- ]o-bqkv am¿∏m∏
sshZn-Im-[n-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\, ""k`mw-K-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw \bn-°m-\p-ap≈
AhImihpw A[n-Im-chpw sslcm¿°n°p am{X-ap-≈X - m-Ip-∂p. Bƒ°q-´sØ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw
Ah¿°v H‰ Ah-Imiw am{Xta D≈q: A[n-Im-cn-Isf A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p ]q¿W-ambn
hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-bpw sNøp-I.''(]pdw 48). CXp ]m›m-Xy-eØo≥k-`-bnse Imcyw. t]m¿®p-Ko-
kp-Im-cpsS BK-a-\-tØmsS \Ωp-sS-taepw ]nSn-ap-dp-°n Cu `c-W-{Iaw. kpdn-bm\nItØm-en-°sc
AXn¬ \n∂p t- am-Nn-∏n-°phm≥ XymK-]q¿∆w {]h¿Øn®bmfmWv am¿ fqbokv ]tg-]d - º
- n¬. F∂m¬
Fd-Wm-Ipfw hnIm-cn-bm-Øns‚ BZy-sa-{Xm-\mbn A[n-Im-c-ta-‰-t∏mƒ eØo≥k`-bpsS AtX `c-
W-ssien At±-lhpw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
1918-˛¬ Nne A¬amb t\Xm-°-sfm-Øp-IqSn "ItØm-en°m alm-P-\-k-`'(Ct∏m-gsØ F.
sI. kn. kn.)bv°p cq]w \¬In. CXn\p k`-bpsS AwKo-Imcw In´m≥ Ah-cpsS t\Xmhv sX≈n-
bn¬ amØq-®≥ am¿ ]tg-]-d-ºn-ens\ kao-]n-®p. Iptd-tbsd t\cw amØq-®s\ ap´n-t∑¬ \n¿Ønb
tij-amWv fqbokv sa{Xm≥ {]km-Zn-®Xpw "ItØm-en°m alm-P-\-k-`'bv°v AwKo-Imcw \¬In-b-
Xpw. AXpw c≠p hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn: ""H∂v: k`-bp-sStbm sshZn-I-cp-sStbm Imcy-ß-
fn¬ kwL-S\ CS-s]-S-cp-Xv. c≠v: kwL-S-\-bpsS A[y-£≥ _nj∏vXs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw.''(]pdw 49)
A[n-Im-c-{]-a-Ø-\mb Cu sa{Xm≥ C∂pw Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-fn-eqsS k`-bn¬ hmW-cp-fp-∂p.
]gb Hc\p`-h-amWnt∏mƒ Hm¿Ω-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. }Rm\∂p tImtf-Pn¬ _ncp-Z-hn-Zym¿∞n.
as‰mcp tImtf-Pn¬ sF°^v F∂ hnZym¿∞n-kw-L-S\ \S-Ønb Hcp h¿°vIymºn¬ Rm\pw
]s¶-Sp-Øp. ]Øn-cp-]-Xp -t]¿ HcmgvN Hcp-an-®p -Xm-a-kn®v Hcp ]mh-s∏´ IpSpw_-Øn\p hoSp- ]-Wn-
Xp -sIm-Sp-°-em-bn-cp∂p {][m\ ]cn-]m-Sn. Rß-fpsS F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Rß-fn-sem-cm-sf-
t∏mse ]s¶-SpØ Hcp sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂p t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. At±-l-sas‚ a\- n¬ Hcp
amXr-Im-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mbn ÿm\w ]nSn-®p.
]n.-Pn.bpw Ign™v Rm≥ tPmen- tXSn tKmh-bn-te°p t]mbn. AhnsS semtbm-f- kvIq-fn¬
]Tn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ]gb amXr-Im-ssh-Zn-I≥ _nj-∏m-sb∂ hm¿Ø tI´v Gsd kt¥m-jn-®p. aq∂p
sIm√w-IqSn Ign™v Rm\m _nj-∏ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ tImtf-Pn¬Øs∂ tPmen°mbn C≥¿hyq-hn-
s\-Øn. AXn¬ hnPbn®bp-Ss\ {]n≥kn-∏¬ Ft∂mSp ]d™p ]nXm-hns\ t]mbn ImW-W-sa-∂v.
]gb Iymºns‚ Hm¿Ω-°p-fn-cp-ambn Ac-a-\-bn¬ sN∂ Rm≥ ssIIƒ(Iq∏p-∂-Xn-\p -]-I-cw) \o´n-
∏n-Sn®v ""A®-s\s∂ Hm¿Ω-bpt≠m?'' F∂p tNmZn®v _nj-∏ns‚ A-Sp-tØ°p sN∂p.
At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw hfsc XWp-∏-\m-bn-cp-∂p. bm{¥n-I-ambn Ft¥m D]-tZ-in-
®ns´s∂ Xncn-®-b-®p. Fs‚ a\--skm∂p XWp-ØXv F\n°ptijw _nj-∏ns\ I≠ A≤ym-]-I≥
Abm-fpsS A\p-`hw ]n∂oSp ]¶p-h-®-t∏m-gm-Wv. ]≠v fqbokv sa{Xm≥ amØq-®t\mSp sNbvX-Xp-
t]mse, _nj∏v Abm-sfbpw ap´n-t∑¬ \n¿ØpIbpw Xe-bn¬ ssIh-®-\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]g-b -ku-lr-Z-tam¿Øn-´mhmw Fs∂bm ]oU-\-Øn¬ \n-s∂m-gn-hm-°n-b-Xv.
sk_m-Ãy≥km¿ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂ Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠v. hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚
XpS-°w. hnhn-[-hn-j-b-ß-fpsS ap≥K-W-\m-{I-a-amWv N¿®m-hn-j-bw. H´m-hn-bm\n F∂ I¿±n-\mƒ
]d-™p, ""BZyw \ap°p ]d-tb-≠Xv k`-sb-°p-dn®pw ]m∏m-sb-°p-dn®pw Iqcn-bm-sb-°p-dn-®p-am-Wv.
]n∂oSp hnizm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v.''(]pdw 54) ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-bmb Hcp _nj∏v {]Xn-I-cn-®-Xn-ß-s\-bm-
Wv, ""Xncp-ta-\o, Rß-fpsS {]Xo£ am¿∏m-∏mbpw sa{Xm-∑mcpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xs∂ BsW-∂m-
Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mZyw ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn® ssZh-P-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®pw
kwkm-cn-°mw.'' (]pdw 55) hnizm-kn-I-sf-∂m¬ Xßsf tkhn-°m≥am{Xw \nbp-‡-cmb {]P-I-ƒ
am{Xam-sW∂p Icp-Xp∂h¿ C∂pw k`-bn-ep-s≠∂v {KŸ-Im-c≥ ka¿∞n-°p-∂p.
hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en\pw AXns\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p \S∂ `mc-X-k-`m-sk-an-\m-dn\pw tijw
\S∂ as‰mcp kw`-hhpw sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS Cu kao-]-\-Øn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn {KŸ-Im-c≥ Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°p-∂p. ]mÃ-d¬ Iu¨kn-ens‚ LS-\ F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xns\-°p-dn®v Hcp k¿t∆ -\-S-∂p.
AXn-semcp sa{Xms‚ adp-]Sn Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t{X, ""Fs‚ cq]-X-bn¬ Aevta-\n-Isf IqSm-
sX-Xs∂ F\n-s°m-cp-]mSv {]iv\-ß-fp-≠v.'' A¬ta-\n-Isf Ign-hXpw Hgn-hm°n ]pdØp \n¿tØ≠
{]iv\-°m-cmbn ImWp∂ A[n-Im-tcm-∑-Ø≥!
CXn-s\ms° am‰w hcp-Øp-sa∂p {]Xo-£-bp-W¿Øp∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p 1987-˛¬ tdman¬ \S-∂,
A¬am-b-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ sa{Xm≥kn\Uv. AXpw "F√m-h-scbpw \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Øn'(]pdw 56) F∂p
{KŸ-Im-c≥. Cu teJ-I\p Hcp kw`-h-tam¿Ω-h-cp-∂p. {]kvXp-X-kn-\-Un¬ `mc-X-k-`sb {]Xn-\n-
[o-I-cn®p ]s¶-SpØ GI A¬ta\nbmb Cu {KŸ-Im-c-≥ Fkv. _n. tImtf-Pn¬ Fs‚ kl-{]-
h¿Ø-I\ - m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw tdman¬\n∂p Xncn-s®-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ Ãm^v At m-kn-tb-j≥ Hcp kzoI-
cWw \¬In. kn\-Un¬ Xm\p-∂-bn® Imcy-ß-sfms° hnh-cn-®-tijw At±lw ]d™p bqtdm-∏n-
emWv k`-bn∂v G‰-hpw ssNX-\y-h-Ømbn \ne-sIm--≈p-∂Xv F∂v. F¶n¬ k`m-tI{µw tIc-f-Øn-
te°p am‰-W-sa∂p hmZn-®p-Iq-Sm-bn-cpt∂m F∂m-bn-cp∂p kc-k-\mb Hcp s{]m^-k-dp-sS(sI. sI.
{^m≥knkv) tNmZyw. Cu \¿Ω-`m-jWw Imcyamsb-SpØ ip≤-a-\-kvI-\mb {]n≥kn-∏-e-®≥(^m.
]pfn-°-∏-dºn¬) {]Xn-I-cn-®Xv ]mcºcyhpw -ss__nƒ hN-\ß-fpa\pk-cn®v tI{µw hØn-°m≥
Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂m-Wv.
A∂v A-sXms° shdpw Xam-i-bmbn tXm∂n-sb-¶nepw s{]m^-k-dpsS tNmZyØn-eqsS shfn-
s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kXyap≠v. A¬am-bsc {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®v sk_mÃy≥km¿ hØn-°m-\n¬ t]mbXpw
]d-™-Xp-sam∂pw ChnSp≈ Aevam-b-k-aqlw s]mXpth A{X -Im-cy-am-sb-Sp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. CXp kmdn-
t\m-Sp≈ kvt\l-°p-d-hp-sIm-s≠m-∂p-ambn-cp-∂n-√. sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kZ-kn¬ t]mbn Ah¿ Xß-
fpsS Ip™mSp am{Xsa∂p Icp-Xp∂ Hcp A¬ta\n F¥p ]d-™n´pw Imcy-an-s√∂ Rß-fp-sS-
sbms° -t_m-[yambn-cp-∂p bYm¿∞ Imc-Ww. sa{Xm≥kn-\Uv A¬am-b-cpsS hnfnbpw ZuXyhpw
F¥m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°nsb¶nepw "CtX-°p-dn-®p≈ Imcy-amb N¿®tbm ]T-\tam A¬am-b-cpsS
t\Xr-Xz-th-Zn-I-fn¬t]mepw \S-°p-∂n√'(]pdw 89) F∂mWv kmdns‚ at\m-hn-j-aw. F¥n\v Ah-cn-
sXms° \S-Ø-Ww? am‰-ap-≠mI-W-sa-¶n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS a\-kp-am-dWw F∂mWt√m kmdp-
Xs∂ ]d-™p-h-bv°p-∂-Xv, ""sslcm¿°n-bpsS at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ am‰w D≠m-sb-¶n¬ am{Xta A¬am-
b-cpsS am\y-Xbpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p.'' C°mcy-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v
bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. AXp-sIm-≠mhmw CtX e£y-tØmsS tIc-f-Øn¬ A¬am-b-cpsS t\Xr-
Xz-Øn¬ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn {]h¿Øn®p hcp∂ k`m-\hoI-c-W-{]-ÿm-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v {KŸ-Im-c≥
au\w ]men-°p-∂-Xv.
k`-bpsS Ac-a-\-t°m-S-Xn-I-fn-emWv A¬ta-\n-Iƒ Gsd hnth-N-\-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. 1999-˛¬
Nß-\m-ti-cn-bn¬ Hcp Ac-a-\t°mS-Xn-hn[n ]pd-Øm-bn. Hcp sshZn-I≥ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ Hcp
s]¨Ip-´nsb K¿`n-Wn-bm°n F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]cm-Xn. kw`hw \S-s∂∂p t_m[y-s∏´ Ac-a-\-t°m-
SXn sshZn-I-\n¬ Is≠-Ønb Ip‰w Abmƒ Xs‚ (s]¨Ip-´n-bp-sS-b√) I\ym-Xzhpw k¬t∏cpw
If¶-s∏-SpØn F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\-bmƒ°p hn[n-®Xv sNdnb Nne {]mb-›n-Ø-߃ am{Xw,
s]¨Ip-´n°v ]cym-]vX-amb {]Xn-^-e(sdayq-W-td-j≥)hpw. Cu Ac-a-\-c-lkyw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-
h∂ Cu teJ-Is\ {KŸ-Im-c-\∂v t\cn´v A\p-tam-Zn-®-Xv C∂pw Hm¿°p-∂p. F∂m¬ XnI®pw
A¬ambhncp-≤-amb Ac-a-\-t°m-S-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p-t∂-bn-√.
kmº-Øn-II - m-cy-ßf
- psS `cWw A¬am-b¿°p hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-Is
- b-∂X
- mWv k`-bpsS ]pXnb
\ne-]m-Sv(]pdw 144) F∂mWv {KŸ-Im-c≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]t£ tIc-f-k-`-bn¬ AØcw Imcy-
ßsfms° ssIsh-∏p-≈-h-cpsS ssI∏n-Sn-bn-em-Wv. ]≈n-hI hkvXp-°-fpsS kq£n∏pw ]cn-]m-e-
\hpw apJy-ambpw ssI°m-cs‚ Npa-X-ebpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-hp-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ (]pdw 144) {it≤-b-
amb \n¿t±iw t]mepw AwKo-I-c-°-s∏-´n-√. tIc-f-Ønse aX-˛-k-ap-Zmb kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ kmº-
ØnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ -B-scbpw IW°p t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ _m[y-X-bn-√mØ A]q¿∆w Nne-Xn-sem-
∂mWv ItØm-en-°m-k-`.2 Cu ÿnXn-bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-\p-t±-in-®p-≠m-°nbXmWv \n¿±njvT N¿®v
BŒv(PÃokv hn. B¿. IrjvWø - ¿ sNb¿am-\m-bp≈ IΩo-js‚ "tIcf ss{IkvXh - k
- `- b
- psS hkvXp-
°fpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw kw_-‘n® {SÃv _n¬', Ic-Sp-\n-baw). [\-hn-\n-tbm-K-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ A¬ta-
\n-Iƒ°pw ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-d-∏m-°p∂ {]kvXpX _n√n-s\-°p-dn®pw {KŸ-Im-c≥ au\w ]men-°p∂p.
sshZn-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN-\-Øn-\mbn ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep≈ Htc-sbmcp am¿§w
A¬ta-\n-Iƒ A¬amb ssZh-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°pI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]t£ kmdp-Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-
∂Xv XI-cmdv A¬ta-\n-IfpsS `mK-Ø-√, ]ptcm-ln-X-ta-em-f-cpsS `mK-Øm-sW-∂m-W-t√m. Ahsc
t\sc-bm-°m-s\-¥mWp hgn? ]≠v km[p C´n-b-hnc ]d™ Hcp IYbp≠v. Hcp sa{Xm\p \Sp-th-Z-
\. Nhn-´n-Øn-cp-Ω-W-sa∂p sshZy≥. ]t£, Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ Imep-h-bv°m≥ hnizm-kn-I-fmcpw Xøm-
d-√. HSp-hn¬ Xncp-Ω-dn-bm-hp∂ Hcp IΩyq-WnÃvImc≥ h∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-ta¬ Im¬h-bv∏p-\-S-
Øn tcmKw t`Z-am°n. At∏mƒ Xncp-Ω-dn-bm-hp-∂, Aan-Xm-[n-Im-csØ tNmZyw sNøp∂, A¬ta-
\n-I-fpsS Im¬h-bv∏n-eq-sStb sa{Xm-∑mcpw Aßs\ k`bpw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. AXn\v
A¬ta-\n-I-fpsS ASn-a-t_m[w amd-Ww. AXn-s\m-cp-]t£ A¬ambssZh-im-kv{X-sams° {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-t´-°pw.
Cu hntbm- P n- ∏ p- I ƒ \ne- \ n¬°p- t ºmgpw sk_m- Ã y≥kmdns‚ Bflm¿∞- X - s bbpw
A¬ambtamN-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-X-sbbpw D≈p-\n-d™ BZ-c-thm-sS-bmWv Rm≥
t\m°n°mWp-∂-Xv.
(sI. ‰n. sk_m-Ãy≥kmdns\ At±-l-Øns‚ hn{i-a-Po-hn-X-Im-eØv ho´n¬ t]mbn kwkm-cn-®-
tijw Xøm-dm-°n-bXpw ho≠pw kµ¿in®p hmbn-®p-tIƒ∏n-®-Xp-amWv Cu teJ-\w, kXy-Pzm-e-am-
kn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v.)
1. {]^. sI. ‰n. sk_m-Ãy≥, Aevamb ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn-s\mcp Bap-Jw, Poh≥ _pIvkv, `c-W-ßm-\w, 2015
2 sk_mÃy≥ h´-a‰w, `mjbpw B[n-]-Xy-hpw, F≥. _n. Fkv., 2014, ]pdw 102