Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Industrial Control
Systems
Process and Discrete Industries
• Level of automation.
• Variables and parameters.
Continuous and Discrete
Variables/Parameters
Continuous and Discrete
Control System
Feedback
sensor
Continuous and Discrete
Control System
Continuous Control Systems
• The objective is to maintain the value of an
output variable at a desired level (feedback
control system).
• Most Continuous processes consist of many
separate feedback loops.
• Examples:
– Control the chemical reactions of that depends on
temperature, pressure, and flow rate.
– Control of the position of a work part relative to a cutting
tool (x, y, and z coordinate values).
Categories of Continuous
Control Systems
• Regulatory Control
• Feedforward Control
• Steady State Optimization
• Adaptive Control
Regulatory Control
The objective is to maintain process performance at a certain
level. Compensation action is taken only after a disturbance
has affected the process output.
Feedforward Control
• The strategy is to anticipate the effect of disturbances and
compensate for them before they can affect the process.
Disturbance
Input
parameters Output variables
Process
Adjustment to
input parameters Measured
variables
Feedforward
Control element
Controller
Index of
performance
Performance
target level
Steady State (Open Loop)
Optimization Control
Input parameters Output variables Performance
measure
Process
Adjustment
to input Modification Measured
parameters variables
Decision
Adaptive
Controller
Identification
Index of
performance
Adaptive Control
• Adaptive control combines feedback control and
optimal control by measuring the relevant process
variables during operation and using control
algorithm that attempts to organize some IP.
• Adaptive control has a unique capability to cope
with time varying environment.
• Adaptive control system is designed to compensate
for its changing environment by monitoring its own
performance and altering some aspect of its control
mechanism to achieve optimal performance.
Adaptive Control
• Adaptive control functions:
– Identification.
– Decision.
– Modification.
• Example: Adaptive control machining, in
which changes in process variables, such as
cutting force and power are used to effect
control over process parameters such as
cutting speed and feed rate.
Discrete Control System
• Combinational Logic Control (Event-driven
changes)
• Sequential Control (Time-driven changes)
Computer Process Control
• Control requirements
• Capabilities of computer control
• Forms of computer process control
Control Requirements