Questions

1. The above table shows Antibiotic X (mg/L) vs Time (min).

a. Find the Order of The Reaction

b. Obtain the linear regression equation for the below using a calculator.

Time (min) Antibiotic X (mg/L)

0.5 84.5
10 81.2
20 74.5
30 61.0
60 48.0
90 35.0
120 8.7

2. The above table shows Antibiotic X (mg/L) vs Time (min).

a. Find the Order of The Reaction

b. Obtain the linear regression equation for the below using a calculator.

Time (minute) Drug A (mg)

4 70
10 58
20 42
30 31
60 12
90 4.5
120 1.7
3.

A prescription for a liquid aspirin preparation contains 325 mg/5mL or 6.5 g/100 mL.  The solubility
of aspirin at 250C is 0.33 g/100 ml. Therefore, the preparation will definitely be a suspension. The
other ingredients in the prescription cause the product to have a pH of 6.0. The first order rate
constant for aspirin degradation in this solution is 4.5 x 10 -6 sec -1 .

a. Calculate the zero-order rate constant

b .Determine the shelf life, t90 for the liquid prescription at 250C

4. Kotra Pharma has just produced a new vitamin tablet containing 5mg riboflavin
and 500mg vitamin C. The quality team has faced a problem with the stability of the
product. After 4 days in a bottle (at 25°C), the tablet turns brown and the amount of
riboflavin declines to 4mg.

The QC team have determined that the riboflavin in the tablet is photolyzed by a first-
order process.

a. Based only on the riboflavin in the current formulation, what is the shelf-life if 10%
degradation is acceptable?
b. How long would it take for the amount of riboflavin to decrease by 99%?
c. Based on your findings from the above, derive the reason for the browning of the
tablet.
d. The company has asked you to come up with a solution for the browning issue,
provide your idea to seize this problem.

5. Hovid has just produced an injectable product containing 20mg/5mL Furosemide.

They have been having problems with the sterility of this product. After 30 days in
the bottle (at 25°C), the amount of furosemide declines to 12.5 mg/5mL.

a. After further study, you discover that after 60 days the amount of furosemide left is
7.81 mg/5mL and after 90 days, 4.88 mg/5mL remains.

Does the degradation reaction follow first order or zero order kinetics?

b. How long would it take for the amount of furosemide to decrease by 45%?

c. After taking preventative measures, the degradation rate was 1/50 of the original
formulation. What is the shelf-life of the product if 10% degradation is acceptable?

d. Following the addition of citric acid, the decomposition rate constant of Drug X
decreased by 35%. What is the most likely mechanism for the degradation of this
drug?