Scheduling in LTE

Gwanmo Ku

Adaptive Signal Processing and Information Theory Research Group

Apr. 27, 2012

Outline
2/22

LTE Overview
Network & Signals

Physical Resources in Time & Frequency

Radio Protocol Architecture

Control Information for Scheduling Operation

Scheduling in LTE
Scheduling Operation

CQI Reporting for Scheduling

Schedulers in LTE

Summary & References

 2/11

LTE Overview

Network & Signals : E-UTRAN, OFDMA/SC-FDMA

Physical Resources : Physical Resources, Resource Unit, Scheduling Unit

Radio Protocol Architecture : L1/L2/L3, Physical /Transport Channels

Control Information for Scheduling Information

Control & Data Regions
Control Information for Scheduling
LTE Network
4/22

 LTE Network (E-UTRAN)

Internet

* EPC : Evolved Packet Core

* E-UTRAN : Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
* UE : User Equipment
* eNB : evolved Node B
LTE Signals
5/22

 OFDMA & SC-FDMA(DFTS-OFDMA)

Downlink Good Throughput

Demands Techniques OFDMA
Multipath with CP High PAPR
Fading
Higher Data Rate Broadband, Multi-carriers PAPR Issue
Reliability CP
Low PAPR
SC-FDMA
With CP Fair Throughput
Uplink
+

*2048
Used
Subcarriers 0

QPSK Subcarrier CP /
16QAM … 𝑵𝑼 - DFT … … N-IFFT … Quadrature Modulation
Mapping P-S
64QAM

0
* Except for MBMS (4096)
Physical Resources
6/22

 Time & Frequency Resources

Frequency
(# Sub-carriers)
N=2048*
Null

Used Sub-carriers 𝑵𝒖

Null

0.5ms
Slot Time
1ms (Second)
Sub-frame
Frame 10ms

Parameters (Except for MBMS : 4096/7.5 KHz, 2*𝑁𝑢 )

System BW [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

N / Freq. Spacing 2048 / 15 KHz

# Used Subcarriers 𝑵𝒖 72 180 300 600 900 1200

Resource Unit
7/22

 Physical Resource Block (PRB)

 The Smallest User Assignment Resource Unit
Frequency
(#Subcarriers)

180 KHz
PRB
(12 Sub-carriers)

0.5 ms Time
(6 or 7) (# Symbols)

Parameters (Except for MBMS)

CP Type # Symbols / Slot

Normal CP 7
Extended CP 6
Scheduling Unit
8/22

 Sub-frame (2 Slots)
 Smallest Scheduling Time Interval : TTI (1ms)
Frequency
(#PRBs)

USER Assign
PRB 𝑁𝑅𝐵 − 1 PRB 𝑁𝑅𝐵 − 1

PRB1 PRB1

PRB0 PRB0
DL/UL Conf.

1 ms (Sub-frame : 2 Slots) Time

Parameters (Except for MBMS)
System BW [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

# PRBs 𝑵𝑹𝑩 6 15 25 50 75 100

(# Used Subcarriers 𝑁𝑢 ) (72) (180) (300) (600) (900) (1200)
Radio Protocol Architecture
9/22

 Protocol Architecture around PHY

Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical Channels
Control /
Layer 2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Measurements

Transport Channels

Layer 1 Physical Layer (PHY)

Logical Channels : Type of information

Transport Channels : How the information is transferred

Physical/Transport Channels
10/22

 Transport Channels – Physical Channel

Layer 2 Medium Access Control (MAC)

Broadcasting Paging Random Access
Transport BCH MCH PCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH
Channels
Multicasting Data Data

Layer 1 Physical Layer (PHY)

DCI
PBCH PMCH PDSCH PDCCH PUCCH PUSCH PRACH
Physical
Channels DL Control UL Control
PHICH PCFICH Scheduling Information
 Control Information for Scheduling
11/22

 Scheduling Information : PDCCH

PRB 𝑵𝑹𝑩 − 𝟏
Slot 2i Slot 2i+1
…

PCFICH PDCCH PDSCH

Information
Sub-frame i
of the
length of
Control
Region
…

PRB 1

PRB 0

Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 … 𝑁𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏 − 1 Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 … 𝑁𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏 − 1

Control Region Data Region

(Reference : p. 57 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))
Scheduling Information : DCI in PDCCH
12/22

 DCI Formats
DCI Formats Purpose
UL Scheduling 0 Scheduling + TPC for PUSCH

1 Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

1A Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

1B MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

DL Scheduling 1C Very Compact Scheduling for PDSCH

1D Compact Scheduling for PDSCH with Power Offset, TPC for PUCCH

2 Closed Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

2A Open Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

3 TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 2bit Power Adjustment

UL Power Control
3A TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 1bit Power Adjustment
User Identification – C-RNTI
13/22

 User Identification
 With C-RNTI (Cell specific Radio Network Temporary Identifier)

DCI

CRC
Attachment

DCI +
16 bit CRC scrambled with
RNTI

DCI (DCI + RNTI)mod2

(Reference : p. 56 3GPP TS 36.212 V8.8.0 (2009-12))

 2/11

Scheduling in LTE

Basic Scheduling Operations

Resource Assignment
CQI Reporting for Schedulers
Schedulers in LTE
Example : DL Scheduling
Basic Scheduling Operation
15/22

 Purpose
 Efficient SCH(Data) Resources Assignments

 Consideration
 Traffic Volume, QoS (Buffer Status, Priority…)

 Channel Condition

 Scheduling Interval
 Dynamic Scheduling by MAC : One TTI (1ms : One Sub-frame)

 Semi-Persistent for VoIP : Multiple TTIs by RRC

 Resource Assignment : PRBs & Associated MCS

Resource Assignment
16/22

 Per UE # PRBs Assignment

 Channel Dependent Resource Allocation
• User Assignment based on Channel Quality

 CQI / MCS / TBS

eNB
1. DL RS

2. CQI Reporting
MCS Spectral Efficiency
UE PRBs
3. DL Transmission
Transport Block Size
CQI Reporting for Scheduling
17/22

 Reporting modes
Frequency

Wideband

Or

Sub-band

Time
Periodic or Aperiodic
 In time : Periodic (PUCCH/PUSCH) & Aperiodic (PUSCH)

 In Frequency
• Wide-band CQI : 4 bit

• Differential Sub-band CQI : 2 bit (Sub-band CQI – Wideband CQI)

• Differential Spatial CQI : 3bit for MIMO

Schedulers in LTE
18/22

 MAC Schedulers

PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol ROHC : Robust Header Compression

ARQ : Automatic Repeat Request HARQ : Hybrid ARQ
DL Scheduling
19/22

 DL MAC Scheduler
User N N Transport Blocks
ACK/NACK User 1 (Dynamic Size for N Users)
CQI

HARQ CRC Redundancy for Error Detection

Redundancy for Data Detection

MAC Scheduler

Coding + RM
Retransmission

Modulation Scheme QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Data Modulation

Resource Assignment Resource Mapping

Power Assignment

Antenna Mapping Multi-Antenna

Antenna Mapping
Processing
 2/11

Conclusion & References

Summary
21/22

• LTE Overview

 LTE Network, Physical Resources

 Signaling Scheduling Information in PHY

• Scheduling in LTE

 PRB & MCS Assignment

 CQI Reporting Process for Schedulers

 MAC Schedulers in LTE

 DL Scheduling Process
References
22/22

• LTE Web

www.3gpp.org

• LTE L1(PHY) Standards

TS 36201 : LTE PHY Overview

TS 36211 : LTE PHY Modulation

TS 36212 : LTE Multiplexing and Channel Coding

TS 36213 : LTE PHY related Procedures

TS 36214 : LTE Measurements

• LTE L2/L3(MAC/RRC) Standards

TS 36300 : LTE L2/L3 Overview

TS 36321 : LTE MAC

TS 36331 : LTE RRC