Interview and drive test tips WCDMA Introduction and Overview * WCDMA concept and Architecture * Spreading and Scrambling * Codes and Channels * Codetree + Rake Receiver * Soft, Softer and Hard hand over + Power control - fast and slow WCDMA - Drive test Overview using TEMS Investigation * TEMS Parameter for WCDMA * Optimization Tips for WCDMA + WCDMA Tools for Drive Test * 3G Voice Call Testing * 3G Packet call & Video call testing * 3G Drive test KPI overview * 3G Optimization overviewWCDMA Frequency and Spectrum * Uplink=1920MHz -1980 MHz * Downlink= 2110MHz -2170MHz * Bandwidth=60 MHz Actual B.W assign to operator is SMHz And out of that 3.84 MHZ is u In WCDMA frequency reuse factor =1 because time and frequency remains constant. ze. 3.84 MHz SMHZ* In WCDMA first following process is done before Reading BCCH frequency. Slot Synchronization Frame Synchronization Scrambling Code CPICH is pilot which will read BCCH information After Synchronization . In WCDMA following Channels use for various function in UL/DL. Downlink:- Uplink:- 1.DL DPCH 1.UL DPDCH 2.DL CCPH 2. UL DPCCH 3. P-CCPH 3. ULCPCH 4. S-CCPH 4. UL PRACH 5. SCH 5. HS-DPCCH 6. PICH 7. CPICH (primary and secondary) 8. AICHWCDMA Spreading process ~6 MHz BWW ‘Spread Signal + Received Data Overview of Spreading Process* Spreading:- This is used to increase the B.W of the signal beyond the bandwidth normally required to accommodate information. For Spreading OVSF code are used which is known as Orthogonal variable spreading factor code . Spreading factor=chip rate/symbol rate . Scrambling — Scrambling is used on top of the spreading so, it does not change the signal bandwidth but only makes the signal from different source separable from each other. Process gain = 10 log (chip rate/bit rate) As bit rate increase process gain decrease . Cell breathing is situation where cell foot print decrease due to large amount of user access the network beyond the capacity of that particular cell.Eb /NO= Bit energy/Noise energy Ec/No = Chip Energy /Noise Energy. Ec/No= Eb/No - process gain As per Eb/No is fixed for each service for Ex: voice =2 and video=4 Ec/NO= 2- 10= -8 for voice(for voice -8 is good limit) Ec/NO= 4-18= -14 for video(for video -14 is good limit) Process gain(voice) = chip rate/bit rate= 10dB Process gain (video) = chip rate /bit rate= 18dB Chip rate = 3.84Mchips in WCDMA.WCDMA codes * In WCDMA two separate codes are used in the spreading operation — Channelisation code —Serambling code © Channelisation code — DL: separates physical channels of different users and common channels, defines physical channel bit rate — UL: separates physical channels of one user, defines physical channel bit rate © Scrambling code — DL: separates cells in same carrier frequency — UL: separates usersCode tree SF=1 SF=2_—sSF=4 SF=8 SF=16 wes SF=256 SF=512 “(}=(11) c=001-1-1] C.lb=f1-1] e,b8i=t1-1-111 11-111-1]uonseuu0d UY} JO) pasn apo bled Janlazay ayeySoft Handoff f° UE is simultaneously connected to 2 to 3 cells during soft handover | Soft handover is performed based an UE cell pilat power measurements and handover thresholds set by radio network planning parameters | Radio link performance is improved during soft handover |* Soft handover consumes base station and transmission resources Received signal strength Distance from BS]Power Control types Power control functionality can be divided to three main types Open loop power control — Initial power calculation based on DL pilot level/pathloss measurement by UE Outer (closed) loop power control ~ Connection quality measurement (BER, BLER) and comparison to QoS target — RF quality target (SIR target) setting for fast closed loop PC based on connection quality Fast closed loop power control = Radio link RF quality (SIR) measurement and comparison to RF quality target (SIR target) — Power control command transmission based on RF quality evalua — Change of transmit power according to received power control command nm= ABRFCNEL CACHES CACHASCE HS The =FEan eye ee (ml be a iba Rte chy aarlsiecar 1c dication Target Signal to interfere ratio ATM Nl cele) RAC State Connected CELL_DCH Speech quality mean ode (System) = WCDMA Tine 1553 66.23 Dedicate channel GSM/WCDMASpeech quality PESO Sentence Frequent AGM Sent. PESO Echo Attenua. PESO Echo Correlat. PESO Echo Delay PESO Echo Power FESO Volume Speech Path Delap SQI MOS Algorithm EMTALA em Lg THD | Type | BLER® Target® north. ® Te ees channel BLER%EE WCDMA Serving/Active Set + Neighbors [MS1] Ls) Cell Name SC Cell. UARFCNDL CPICHEc/.. CPICHASCP HS Type 4739 10787 i 82 10787 4 MN 463 10787 Ss ION 295 10787 Active Set- Currently serving Cell Measured neighbor- Defined Neighbor Detected Neighbor- Undefined strong detected server UARFCN DL- UMTS Absolute radio frequency channel numberRanges for Radio Parameter 1. CPICH EC/No- 0 to -34 dB. 2.CPICH RSCP - -15 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger. 3.Ms TX power — -44 dBm to 60 dBm 4. UTRA Carrier RSSI - -20 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger. 5. SQIMOS -1toS 6. SQI- -20dBQ to 30 dBQ 7.SIR - -30t0 20 db (signal interfere ratio measured on DPCCH ) 12.2 Kbit/s: 30 dBQ 10.2 Kbit/s: 28 dBQ 7.95 kbit/s: 28 dBQ 7.40 kbit/s: 27 dBQ 6.70 kbit/s: 27 dBQ 5.90 kbit/s: 24 dBQ 5.15 kbit/s: 21 dBQ 4.75 kbit/s: 19 dBQDrive Test KPI Parameter- RSSI — In Between -75 to -85 dbm RSCP — In Between -75 to -85 dbm Ec /lo — In Between -8 to -10 db FER —1% or 2% Ms TX Power - Between -5 to -10 Soft Handoff — 35% of total timeUse full Plots Server Plot — Useful to find out Swap or Overshooting. UE Plot - To Check Neighbour Relation. RSCP Plot- Coverage holes Ec /No- for good Throughput and removing pilot pollution. 4th best Server — Echno should be > -10db 5th best Server — Echno should be > -10dbCondition for Radio Environment * Pilot Pollution — RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /lo =< -10 dB Coverage Limited — RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /lo => -10 dB Poor Radio Condition- RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /lo =< -10 dB Good Coverage — RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /lo => -10 dB3G -voice call testing SCFT-Single Cell Functional Test Before the single site verification, we should only ensure the following conditions have been met. — Alarm Check — Cell Status Check — Parameter Check Alarm Check / Cell Status Check — The product support engineer will be responsible for checking and resolving all the alarms. It is important for the optimization engineer prior to any field test to check with product support engineer regarding any alarms especially termittent alarms. Parameter Check — The optimization engineer need to ensure the radio part parameters configuration list has been achieved. In the list the radio part parameters includes: the scrambling code, power setting, neighbor cell list, handover parameter etc.3G -voice call testing * Site Verification Items: — Installations: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/lo, Rx Antenna Swap Test — Settings: Frequency & SC, Cell reselection parameters, LAC/RAC, Neighbor List. — Functions: LA/RA update, 3G<->2G Cell reselection, SMS (MT & MO), Voice (MT & MO), VP (MT & MO), PS Attach & Detach, PS service, Voice/VP/PS soft handover, Voice 3G- >2G handoverTesting On CELL site Items: Voice Call (MT & MO) Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the voice call quality is good Method: Make the di. one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the ing test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles, voice communication quality Items: Voice Call (MT & MO) Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the ve good Method: Make the di g test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles, one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the voice communication qualityFeeder Connection Check Test Process Items: Antenna swapping test Purpose: Verify the Rx feeder installation is right. Method: Switch the transmitter from one feeder to another, check the RSCP changed or not. If no change happened, it means that the feeder is correct. Notes: Check the RSCP from scanner antenna a antenna 5 fntenna & antenna # i} | | Lt Td ge/ne| [ee rayne vafne | [mx radrx Sector & Seater B Sector A Sector B Right WrongProblem and Solution * Inthe site verification, following problems have been found — Scrambling Code Setting is wrong: The scrambling code from scanner and mobile is different from the planning — After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before. * Scrambling Code Setting is wrong — The Scrambling Code may be wrong in RNC, check the datasheet in RNC. — If the Scrambling Code from scanner is the same as that of another sector in same site planned, maybe the TX/RX feeder is crossed to the another sector. + After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before: — The RX feeder is crossed to the antenna of another sector. In this case, the CPICH RSCP will be high in the coverage area of the other antenna. Check the connection between the feeder and the antenna.DATA drive window Fie Yen kifle avey Caignston Corba Retain widest ‘ern ret ust anDrive Test tool for drive Sony Ericsson C702 (capable of Scanning) Sony Ericsson Z750i + (capable of Scanning) PCTel SeeGull LX WCDMA 2100 PCTel SeeGull LX Plus WCDMA 2100 Global Sat BU-353 (NMEA-0183) Garmin 10 Mobile Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)