You are on page 1of 8

Page 0225

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

EVS24
Stavanger, Norway, May 13-16, 2009

Design Parameters Calculation of a Novel Driveline for


Electric Vehicles
)/%#*'%1!%-0) %) -$(..*) -..*) )  !-)$*""
1
Division for Electricity, Dep. of Eng. Sciences, Uppsala University
P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
Email: juan.santiago@angstrom.uu.se
2
Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology
SE-147 25 Tumba, Sweden

Abstract
 -%1!'%)!"*-!'!/-%1!$%'!.%.+-!.!)/! $!+-*+0'.%*).4./!(%.*+!-/! /$%#$!-1*'/#!/$)/$!
+-%(-4 !)!-#4 .*0-! $! //!-%!. .!'!/!  . /$! +-%(-4 !)!-#4 .*0-! !'%1!- +*2!- /* /$! 1!$%'!
/$-*0#$  (*/*-#!)!-/*- 2*0) !  2%/$ /2* !'!/-%''4 %.*'/!  .!/. *" 2%) %)#. )(!  2* *'/#!
!1!'$%)!$! 4)(%!$1%*0-*"1!$%'!*+!-/%)#*- %)#/*./) -  -%1!4'!
%. ./0 %!  -(!/!-. *" /$! -%1!'%)! .0$ . +*2!- -/!. )  .%5! *" /$! "'42$!!' -! */%)!  4
*+/%(%5/%*)  !.-%+/%*)*"/$!+!-"*-()!*"%.'.*+-!.!)/! /$-*0#$%/.!,0%1'!)/%-0%/
) /$!*)/-*'*"/$!($%)!+!%'//!)/%*)/*/$!.4./!('*..!.%.+-!.!)/!  .'!+-*/*/4+!$.
!!)*)./-0/! ) /!./! 0) !- -%1!4'! !(*)./-/%)#/$!.4./!(+!-"*-()!*"/$!.4./!(

Keywords: Flywheel, Electric driveline, Regenerative braking, Simulation

!'!-/%)# *- -%1%)# / *)./)/ .+!!  *- "-*(


1 Introduction /$! 2$!!'. 2$%'! -&%)# 2$!-!. /$! //!-4
*+!-/!. 0) !- *+/%(' *) %/%*). +-!"!-'4
)! *" /$! (%) $''!)#!. %) *- !- /* (&! 0) !- ./! 4 )  .(**/$ %.$-#%)# .+!%''4
!'!/-% -. *(+!/%/%1! 2%/$ #.+*2!-!  -. %) 0-) /-""% /$%. *0'  !-!.! /$! )0(!- *"
%. %) /$! %(+-*1!(!)/ *" /$! !'!/-% +*2!- $-#! %.$-#! 4'!. )  /$!-!4 %)-!.!
.4./!( //!-%!. -! /$! (%) !)!-#4 ./*-#! //!-4'%"!
.4./!( *" /* 46. !'!/-% 1!$%'!. $! %)!"'42$!!'.4./!(%.*)./)/'4%)0.! 0-%)#
%(+-*1!(!)/. %) /!-(. *" !)!-#4 !).%/4 $1! -%1%)# )%(+*-/)/ +-/ *" %/. !.%#) !'. 2%/$
!!) /-!(!) *0. %) -!!)/ 4!-. 0/ -)#! )  /$! (%)%(%5/%*) *" '*..!. $! +-%)%+'! '*..!.
'%"! /%(! -! ./%'' '*2 *(+-!  /* 1!$%'!. ..*%/!  2%/$ /$! (*/*-#!)!-/*- *"  "'42$!!'
+-*+!''! 2%/$*)1!)/%*)'*(0./%*)!)#%)!. -! -# '*..!. ! 4 0--!)/ '*..!. %) .//*-  
$! +!-"*-()! *" ''!'!/-% 1!$%'!. %. ./%'' ) -*/*-) (!$)%''*..!.%)/$!!-%)#.*
)*/ .0""%%!)/ /* ./%."4 /* 46. -%1!-. 2$* -! /$%. !)  /$! .4./!( %. $*0.!  %) ) %-/%#$/
0.! /*/$!$%#$!)!-#4 !).%/4*""*..%'"0!'.. 100($(!- )*+/%(%5! (*/*-/*+*'*#4%.
!)!-#4--%!- .!'!/!  2%/$ /2* .4)$-*)*0. -*/*-. )  *)!
* (%)%(%5! /$! )0(!- *" $-#! %.$-#! .//*- ''*2%)# /$! (#)!/% "'03  .//%*)-4
4'!.*"/$!//!-4"'42$!!')!%)/!#-/!  -!/0-) +/$ %) /$! -!"!-!)! "-(! *" /$! -*/*-
%) /$! -%1!'%)!  $! "'42$!!' /$!) $) '!. 0-/$!-(*-! /$! 0.! *" (#)!/% !-%)#. .
/$! /-).%!)/ !)!-#4 "'*2 /* /$! 2$!!'. 2$%'! .0.+!).%*)"*-/$!-*/*--! 0!./$!'*..!./$%#$


)/!-)/%*)' //!-4 4-% ) 0!' !'''!/-%!$%'!4(+*.%0(  
Page 0226

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

1.3!3).-!+ 2/%%$2 (%)1 &1)#3).-+%22 ./%1!3).- 3(%  3(% /.6%1 $%+)5%1%$ !3 3(% ()'( 5.+3!'%
1%24+32 )- -%'+)')"+% 6%!1 !-$ 1%+)!"+% ./%1!3).- 2)$%!-$3(%)-%13)!.&3(%&+86(%%+(%1%23.&3(%
)-5!#44,!2-.+4"1)#!3).-)2-%%$%$ /!1!,%3%12 -%%$%$ 3. $%&)-% 3(% $1)5%+)-%
()2/!/%1/1%2%-32!-%6%+%#31)#$1)5%+)-%6)3( #.,/.-%-32 !1% ."3!)-%$ "8 ,!7),)9)-' 3(%
!-)-3%'1!3%$&+86(%%+
),4+!3).-22(.63(% .5%1!++%&&)#)%-#8.&3(%2823%,
),/1.5%,%-32 )- 3(% $1)5)-' %&&)#)%-#8 !-$ 3(% (%+.65.+3!'%+%5%+)2$%3%1,)-%$"83(%/1),!18
1%$4#3).-.&231%22)-3(%"!33%18 %-%1'8 2.41#% !-$ 3(% ()'( 5.+3!'% +%5%+ "8 3(%
6(%%+ ,.3.1 2/%#)&)#!3).-2 (% ,!)- $%2)'-
2 Driveline Description /!1!,%3%12 .& 3(% 2823%, !1% 3(% /.6%1 !3
+.6!-$()'(5.+3!'%!-$3(%%-%1'823.1!'%.&3(%
!33%1)%2 !-$ &4%+ #%++2 !1% 3(% 1),!18 -%1'8 &+86(%%+
.41#%2  )- ,.$%1- %+%#31)# 5%()#+%2   (% ./3),4, /%!* !-$ !5%1!'% /.6%1
!-$ 6.1* )-31)-2)#!++8 6)3( +.6 5.+3!'% 6()+% #.-24,/3).- $%/%-$2 .- 3(% #(!1!#3%1)23)#2 !-$
31!#3).-,.3.126.1*,.1%%&&)#)%-3+8!3!()'(%1 !//+)#!3).-2 .& 3(% 5%()#+% (% 2)9)-' .& 3(%
5.+3!'% 1!$)3).-!++8 3(% %+%#31)# 5%()#+% 2823%, )2 ,!$% 3(1.4'( ./3),)9!3).- .& 3(%
$1)5%+)-%)2"!2%$.-!2)-'+%/.6%1"42+)-* /%1&.1,!-#% .& 3(% 5%()#+% )- 23!-$!1$ $1)5%
   )'  2(.62 !- !+3%1-!3)5% $1)5%+)-% #8#+%2(%/.6%1+%5%+.&3(%()'(5.+3!'%2)$%)2
!$!/3%$ 3. 3(% 1%04)1%,%-32 .& 3(%2% 36. ,!)- 2%+%#3%$ 3. (!-$+% 3(% /%!* /.6%1 1%04)1%,%-32
2823%,2(%-.5%+38)23(!33(%2823%,./%1!3%2 6(%1%!23(%/.6%1+%5%+.&3(%+.65.+3!'%2)$%!2
6)3(36.$)&&%1%-35.+3!'%+%5%+2(%/1%2%-#%.& 6%++ !2 3(% /.6%1 1!3% .& 3(%  )2 #(.2%- 3.
!&+86(%%+'4!1!-3%%2!2,..3(%-%1'8&+.6&1., (!-$+%3(%!5%1!'%/.6%1.&3(%$1)5%#8#+%-3()2
3(%  1%$4#)-' 3(% /.6%1 231%22 !-$ 6!8 3(% &+86(%%+ 2,..3(%2 3(% /.6%1 31!-2)%-32
)-#1%!2)-' 3(% %&&)#)%-#8 !-$ +)&%3),% .& 3(% !-$ /1.3%#32 3(%  &1., /.6%1 /%!*2 (%
#.,/.-%-32 23.1!'%%-%1'8#!/!#)38.&3(%&+86(%%+)23(%1%&.1%
(% 2823%, !$$)3).-!++8 !$$2 &1%%$., )- 3(% 2%+%#3%$ 3.%-241% 23%!$8/.6%1 $%+)5%18 &1., 3(%
#(.)#% .&  1%2%-3+8 ()'( /.6%1 31!#3).-  (% 6%)'(3 !-$ +.22%2 .& 3(% &+86(%%+
"!33%18 2823%,2 !1% ),/+%,%-3%$ )- ,!-8 )-#1%!2% 6)3( 23.1!'% #!/!#)38 2. 3(%1% %7)232 !
!43.,.3)5%!//+)#!3).-2)3(3(%!$$)3).-.&3(% 31!$% .&& "%36%%- %-%1'8 23.1!'% #!/!#)38 .& 3(%
&+86(%%+ +.6 /.6%1 "!33%18 /!#*2 6)3( +!1'% &+86(%%+ !-$ #!/!#)38 .& /.6%1 $%+)5%18 .& 3(%
2/%#)&)# %-%1'8 !-$ +.-' +)&% ,!8 "% 42%$ 
/1.+.-')-'3(%1!-'%.&3(%5%()#+% )' 2(.623(%/.6%1$%,!-$2),4+!3%$!36(%%+
(%()'(5.+3!'%2)$%.&3(%6..+3!'%%5%+ 2(!&32.&!-.1$)-!185%()#+%$41)-'!23!-$!1$
!#()-%)2+)-*%$")$)1%#3).-!++83.3(% %$%1!+%231.#%$41%41"!-$1)5%#8#+%(%
6(%%+ $1)5%2 (%- 3(% 5%()#+% "1!*%2 3(% 5%()#+% #.-2)$%1%$ &.1 3()2 2),4+!3).- (!2 ! ,!22
%-%1'8 )2 1%#.5%1%$ !-$ 23.1%$ )- 3(% &+86(%%+ .&   *' ! $),%-2).-+%22 $1!' #.%&&)#)%-3 6
.1 +.-' 1%'%-%1!3)5% "1!*)-' 3),%2 3(% %-%1'8 !+2. *-.6- !2 7 .& 
 !-$ ! &1.-3!+ !1%! .&
&+.6 )2 1%5%12%$ &1., 3(% &+86(%%+ 3. 1%#(!1'% 
 ,  2 2%%- 3(% /.6%1 $%,!-$ 5!1)%2 &1.,
3(%"!33%18
 * 6(%- !##%+%1!3)-' 3.   * 6(%-
 "1!*)-'.6%5%13(%!5%1!'%%+%#31)#/.6%1&1.,
3(% %-%1'8 23.1!'% -%%$%$ 3. /1./%+ !- .1$)-!18
5%()#+%!##.1$)-'3.!23!-$!1$ 41"!-$1)5%
#8#+% )2 .-+8 !".43  * )% ,.1% 3(!- %)'(3
3),%2+%223(!-3(%,!7),4,/.6%1-%%$%$$41)-'
3(%$1)5%#8#+%


)'41%6.5.+3!'%+%5%+$1)5%+)-%#.-&)'41!3).-
6)3(!6..+3!'%%5%+2!#()-%

3 System Parameters
(%$1)5%+)-%$%2#1)/3).-/1%2%-3%$)2,!$%4/.&
2%5%1!+ 24"2823%,2 3(!3 -%%$ 3. "% 6%++ $%&)-%$ 
)'41% (%/.6%13),%'1!/(.&3(% $1)5%
3. ."3!)-!-./3),!+ /%1&.1,!-#% .& 3(%2823%, #8#+%
(% 2/%#)&)#!3).-2 !-$ $8-!,)#2 .& 3(% 5%()#+% 
!1%42%$3.."3!)-3(%./3),!+/.6%1$%+)5%1%$"8

 -3%1-!3).-!+!33%18 8"1)$!-$4%+%+++%#31)#%()#+%8,/.2)4, 


Page 0227

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

056($' 1) 64$05)(44,0* $.. 6+( *4($6 8$4,$6,105 ,0 .7%4,&$6,109+,&+,5$'8$06$*(175,0$5;56(/6+$6


219(461)41/6+(9+((.561)41/6+(%$66(4;6+( ,5'(5,*0('61914-,08$&77/
).;9+((. +$0'.(5 6+(/ ,*  5+195 $016+(4 +(/$,0.155(56+$6'1(:,56,057&+$5752(05,10
5,/7.$6,10 )14 6+( 5$/( 8(+,&.( 9+(4( 6+( 5;56(/ $4( 4(5,56,8( 219(4 .155(5 ,0 6+( &1,.5
).;9+((.,56$-,0*&$4(1)$..6+(64$05,(0659+,.( ('';&744(06 $0' +;56(4(5,5 .155(5 ,0 6+( &14( "#
6+( %$66(4; ,5 5/116+.; 12(4$6,0* '(.,8(4,0* $ 6+,*+416$6,10$.52(('56+(5(.155(5/$;%(&1/(
&1056$06219(41) -!74,0*6+(9+1.('4,8( 5,*0,),&$06 ,) 6+( 5;56(/ ,5 016 2412(4.; '(5,*0('
&;&.( 6+( ',))(4(0&( %(69((0 6+( /,0,/7/ $0' ,0,/,<$6,101)6+(5(.155(5,5,/2146$0601610.;
6+( /$:,/7/ $/1706 1) (0(4*; 5614(' ,0 6+( ,014'(461/,0,/,<(6+(616$..155(51)6+(5;56(/
).;9+((. ,5 016 /14( 6+$0 
    -!+ %76 $.51 ,0 14'(4 61 (0574( 6+$6 6+( 41614 '1(5 016
+,5 /($05 6+$6 6+( (0(4*; 5614$*( &$2$&,6; 1) +($672(:&(55,8(.;+,5,5(52(&,$..;,/2146$06,0
6+( ).;9+((. ,) 914-,0* 51.(.; $5 $ 219(4 $2(4/$0(06/$*0(6/$&+,0(9+(4(6+(41614/756
+$0'.,0* '(8,&( 10.; +$5 61 %( 
  ) 6+( 016%($..19('615742$55$&(46$,06(/2(4$674(,0
).;9+((.,561%(75('$.51$55,*0,),&$06(0(4*; 14'(401661&$75('(/$*0(6,<$6,101)6+(/$*0(65
5614$*($0'01610.;$5219(4+$0'.,0*'(8,&(,6 ,0&( 6+( 41614 ,0 $ /$&+,0( 9,6+ /$*0(6,&
+$5 61 %( '(5,*0(' 61 5614( /14( (0(4*; +,5 .(8,6$6,10(0&.15(',0$8$&77/&+$/%(4'1(5016
&10),*74$6,10917.'$.51(0$%.()$56&+$4*,0*$5 +$8( $0; 2+;5,&$. &106$&6 9,6+ 6+( +175,0* ,6 ,5
6+().;9+((.&$0%(&+$4*('$6$8(4;+,*+219(4 016$%.(61',55,2$6((0(4*;()),&,(06.;
61 5614( 6+( (0(4*; ,06(4/,66(06.; +(0 6+(
).;9+((.917.'%(5.19.;',5&+$4*('61&+$4*($ 5 Equivalent Circuit
%$66(4;$&6,0*$514$).;9+((.$&6,0*10.;
$5 $ 219(4 +$0'.,0* '(8,&( 01 5,*0,),&$06 0 (37,8$.(06 &,4&7,6 1) $   +$5 %((0
$/1706 1) (0(4*; &$0 %( 5614(' $0' 6+(4()14( '(8(.12(' "# +( /$&+,0( ,5 $557/(' 61 +$8(
6+(4(,50175(,0&+$4*,0*6+(%$66(4;16+(46+$0 010 5$.,(06 2(4/$0(06 /$*0(6 21.(5 $0' $ 56$614
$66+((0'1)$'4,8(&;&.(14'74,0*.10*2(4,1'5 9,6+ 691 (.(&64,&$..; ,51.$6(' 5(65 1) 6+4(( 2+$5(
1)%4$-,0*,(,0.10*'190+,..5.12(5 9,0',0*5 +( 9,0',0* 5(65 +$8( $ ',))(4(06
 07/%(4 1) 67405 $0' 6+(4()14( $4( 12(4$6(' $6
',))(4(06 81.6$*( .(8(.5 0$/(' +,*+  $0' .19
 +(4( ,5 $ /$*0(6,& &172.,0* %(69((0 6+(
41614 $0' %16+ 5(65 1) 9,0',0*5 $0' $.51 %(69((0
+,*+ $0' .19 81.6$*( 9,0',0* +( 219(4 ).195
)41/ 6+( .19 61 6+( +,*+ 219(4 5,'( ,0 $ 5,/,.$4
9$; $5 ,0 $ 64$05)14/(4 '7( 61 6+( /767$.
,0'7&6$0&( +( 176276 219(4 ,5 +19(8(4 016
'(6(4/,0('%;6+(,0276219(4$5,064$05)14/(45
+( ',))(4(0&( %(69((0 6+( 691 ,5 6+( (0(4*;
5614('14'(.,8(4('%;6+().;9+((.+(4($4(6+4((
/$,0/1'(51)12(4$6,10
 +( +,*+ 81.6$*( 5,'( ,5 $&6,0* $5 $
*(0(4$614 $0' 6+( .19 81.6$*( 5,'( $5 $
 /1614
,*74( +((0(4*;52(('856,/(*4$2+1)6+(  +( +,*+ 81.6$*( 6$-(5 6+( (0(4*; )41/
 '4,8(&;&.(+(219(41766$-()41/6+(%$66(4; 6+( 4(*(0(4$6,8( %4$-,0* $0' %16+ 5,'(5
24,/$4;(0(4*;5174&(,5 -!9+,.(6+().;9+((.
$&6$5/16145+((0(4*;,55614$*(,06+(
+$0'.(5$..6+(64$05,(06219(4).195
).;9+((.
 +( .19 81.6$*( 5,'( $&65 $5 $ *(0(4$614
4 Magnetic Bearings $0'4(&+$4*(56+(%$66(4;
&6,8( /$*0(6,& %($4,0*5 +$8( ,0 6+( .$56 ;($45 ,*  5+195 $0 (37,8$.(06 &,4&7,6 1) 6+( ),456
%(&1/( $ 4($.,56,& 126,10 1765,'( 52(&,$.,<(' 12(4$6,10/1'(6+$6,59+(06+(+,*+81.6$*(5,'(
4(5($4&+ $22.,&$6,105 /156.; '7( 61 6+( ,5$&6,0*$5$*(0(4$614$0'6+(.1981.6$*(5,'($5
$8$,.$%,.,6;1)4($.6,/(&$.&7.$6,10+$4'9$4($0' $ /1614 +( /$&+,0( 12(4$6(5 ,0 6+( 16+(4
219(4(.(&6410,&&1/210(065$6$))14'$%.(24,&(5 12(4$6,10$. /1'(5 +$8( 6+( 5$/( (37,8$.(06
"#,0&(6+(/$*0(6,&%($4,0*5+$8(012+;5,&$. &,4&7,6 $0' 10.; ',))(45 ,0 6+( .1$'5 $0' '4,8(5
&106$&6 )4,&6,10$. .155(5 %(&1/( &1/2.(6(.; &172.('616+(/$&+,0(6(4/,0$.5
(.,/,0$6(' +(4( ,5 $'',6,10$..; 01 0((' )14

 
06(40$6,10$.$66(4; ;%4,'$0'7(.(...(&64,& (+,&.(;/215,7/ 
Page 0228

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

*'%#/$''7#-6#5'&#45804:/%*30/064 6 Motor Control Simulations


.#%*+/'48+5*#.#)/'5+%%061-+/)#/&%0..0/
30503 41''& +)  4*084 5*' '26+7#-'/5 0/'  (-:8*''- '/'3): 4503#)' 4:45'. $#4'& 0/ #
1*#4'%+3%6+5  %0/5#+/4 580 &+(('3'/5 $+&+3'%5+0/#- 08'3
0/7'35'3 :45'.4  #/ 
%0/7'35'30/5*'*+)*70-5#)'4+&'%0//'%5+/)5*'
(-:8*''- .0503)'/'3#503 50 5*' 8*''- .0503 #/&
#/  %0/7'35'3 0/ 5*' -08 70-5#)' 4+&'
%0//'%5+/) 5*' (-:8*''- .0503)'/'3#503 50 5*'
$#55'3+'403(6'-%'--4
*'$#55'3:4:45'.4+&'45#3545*'.0503#/&
803,4#4#$#%,613'%*#3)+/)5*'(-:8*''-'/'3):
$: +/%3'#4+/) +54 305#5+0/#- 41''& '7'3: 5+.' +5
3'#%*'4#%'35#+/.+/+.6.'/'3):-'7'-+/&+%#5'&
$: # .+/+.6. 305#5+0/#- 41''& 5 #-40 4'/&4 5*'
'/'3): 4503'& +/ 5*' (-:8*''- $#%, 50 5*' 
&63+/)3'%*#3)+/)

+)63' #%*+/'4'26+7#-'/5%+3%6+5 6.1 Motor Control

1''&%0/530-+464'&8*'/5*'(-:8*''-+4&3+7'/
03 5*' 01'3#5+0/#- .0&' 4*08/ +/ (+)  5*' #4 # .0503 $: 5*'   *' 580 13+.#3:
70-5#)''26#5+0/4%#/$'83+55'/#4 3'#40/4 #3' 130%'44 %0/530- #/& '/'3):
E H   Z H  Z   I H  LHL  I L  VH    %0/4'37#5+0/ $65 05*'3 $'/'(+54 %#/ $' 0$5#+/'&
VL  Z L  I L  LHL  I H  E L   
 ! " +)  4*084 # $-0%, &+#)3#. 0( 5*' .0503
3'26'/%: 0( $05* 4+&'4 +4 &'5'3.+/'& $: 5*' 41''&%0/530-8*+%*+4$#4'&0/3'('3'/%'! "
30503 41''& *' 580 8+/&+/)4 #3' 1-#%'& +/ 5*' 04+5+0/4'/4034#3'&+453+$65'&#-0/)5*'45#503+/
45#503 4*+(5'& $:  '-'%53+%#- &')3''4 0 46%* 8#: 5*#5 5*': )'/'3#5' 4+9 &+(('3'/5 -0)+%
.+/+.+;' 5*' *#3.0/+% %0/5'/5 +/ &6#-45#3 45#5'4 1'3 '-'%53+%#- %:%-' *' 5*3'' 4'/4034 803,
4:/%*30/064 .#%*+/'4 5*+4 #/)-' +4 015+.6. #5 #4 +/ 5*' 4+945'1 5'%*/+26' *08'7'3 +/45'#& 0(
< !" $65 /05 (03 #  03 #/ #3$+53#3:  )'/'3#5+/)426#3'8#7'4#4+/4+945'1.0&6-#5+0/
4*+(5 #/)-' 5*' '-'%530.05+7' (03%'4 %#/ $' # 4+/'8#7' +4 )'/'3#5'& 64+/) 41#%' 7'%503
83+55'/#4 .0&6-#5+0/ !
"  3'('3'/%' 41''& +4 %0.1#3'&
E H   M N H w %04wt       8+5*5*'.'#463'&41''&#/&5*'3'46-5+/)'3303+4
EL   M N L w %04 wt        130%'44'& $: #  %0/530--'3 *'  065165
4+)/#- )'/'3#5'4 5*' #.1-+56&' 0( 5*' 4+/' 8#7'
*' .656#- +/&6%5#/%' &'1'/&4 0/ 5*' #/)-' 
*' 1*#4' +4 %#-%6-#5'& 64+/) 1*#4' #&7#/%'
+) 4*08/5*''(('%50(5*'.656#-+/&6%5#/%'
8*+%*%3'#5'4#305#5+/)'-'%53+%#-(+'-&+/5*'45#503
$'58''/5*'8+/&+/)4'54*''26+7#-'/5%+3%6+5
5*#5+4&')3''4#*'#&0(5*'30503.#)/'5+%(+'-&
'26#5+0/4   #/& 
 *#7' $''/ 40-7'& (03 #/
+/ 03&'3 50 130&6%' 5*' *+)*'45 1044+$-' 50326'
#/)-'$'58''/8+/&+/)40(0
! "



 +)63'-0%,&+#)3#.0(5*'.050341''&%0/530-
+)63' 26+7#-'/5%+3%6+54+.6-#5+0/03##/)-'

$'58''/8+/&+/)40(05*'.656#-+/&6%5#/%'
01104'45*''-'%530.05+7'(03%' 4+.6-#5+0/.0&'-0(5*'-0870-5#)'4+&'0(5*'
&3+7'-+/' 8+5* 6-4' +&5* 0&6-#5+0/  


/5'3/#5+0/#-#55'3: :$3+&#/&6'-'---'%53+%'*+%-':.104+6. 
Page 0229

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

,#  "-,20-**$0 1 #$1"0(!$# !-4$ 5 1


(+.*$+$,2$# 31(,& 2'$ 1(+3* 2(-, 2--* 7+-* 
 1'-02 #0(4$ "7"*$ "-,1(12(,& -% 25- .3*1$1 -%
2-0/3$5 131$#'$0$13*21" ,!$1$$,(,%(& 
,#


(&30$,$0&7#$*(4$0$#!72'$! 22$07%-0 1'-02
#0(4$"7"*$

2" ,!$1$$,2' 2 0-3,#2(+$ 12'$%*75'$$*

(&30$  0( 2(-,-%2'$0-2 2(-, *1.$$#-%2'$ 1.$$#0$ "'$12'$+(,(+3+*(+(2-%
0.+1$$
%*75'$$*#30(,&2'$"7"*$1(+3* 2$# %(&  ,# $,$0&7 12 02 2- !$ $620 "2$# %0-+ 2'$
 ! 22$072- ""$*$0 2$2'$%*75'$$*3,2(*(21,-+(, *

1.$$#
  1 #(12(,"2 %0-+ -2'$0 $*$"20(" 4$'("*$
 2$"',-*-&($12'$  (1 ,-2 "-,,$"2$# #(0$"2*7 2-
300$,2

2'$ 5'$$* +-2-0 '(1 5 7 2'$ ! 22$07 (1 ,-2


 #(0$"2*7 %%$"2$# !7 2'$ 0$&$,$0 2(4$ !0$ )(,& 8


2'(1 $,$0&7 (1 !1-0!$# !7 2'$ %*75'$$* , 2'$


.0$1$,21712$+2'$! 22$07" ,!$0$"' 0&$#5'$,
  2'$%*75'$$*1.$$#$6"$$#1 + 6(+3+*(+(2-0
!5'$,2'$" 012-.1 ,# **2'$$,$0&712-0$#(,
         
 2'$%*75'$$*(120 ,1%$00$#! ")(,2-2'$! 22$07
(+$+1
(&30$,4$02$0-32.32"300$,2
 7 Test Results
  1" *$#  ' 1 !$$, "-,1203"2$# 2- 4 *(# 2$
'$ "300$,2 ..*($# 2- 2'$ 12 2-0 -% 2'$ + "'(,$ 2'$ 1(+3* 2(-,1 '$ + "'(,$ ' 1 , 6( * %*36
 %2$0 2'$ (,4$02$0 (1 1'-5, (, %(&  '$, "-0$*$11 "-,%(&30 2(-, -2' 1$2 -% 5(,#(,&1 0$
12 02(,& 2'$ 1(+3* 2(-, "300$,2 ,# 4-*2 &$ 0$ 2'0$$.' 1$ ,# 0$+323 **7+ &,$2(" **7"-3.*$#
..*($# 2- 2'$ 12 2-0 5(,#(,& (, -0#$0 2- *2'-3&' (,#3"2 ,"$1 0$ 4$07 *-5 #3$ 2- 2'$
""$*$0 2$ 2- ,-+(, * 1.$$# '$ "-,20-**$# "-0$*$112-.-*-&7'$12 2-05(,#(,&-%2'$1" *$
15(2"' -.$,1 -,"$ 2'$ + "'(,$ (1 5-0)(,& 2 .0-2-27.$ (1 1'-5, (, %(&   (, + "'(,$
 0.+ ,-+(, * 1.$$# ,# -,*7  1+ ** . 0 +$2$01 0$1'-5,(, !*$
"300$,2 (1 "(0"3* 2(,& (, 2'$ 12 2-0 '(1 +-+$,2 
" , *1-!$1$$,(,%(& 5'("'1'-514 0( 2(-,
-% 2'$ 1.$$# -% 2'$ %*75'$$* (, 2(+$ %-0 2'$
"-,1(#$0$##0(4$"7"*$'$+ "'(,$1*-51#-5,
5'$,2'$'(&'2-0/3$(1 ..*($#5'("'1(+3* 2$1
2'$ $,$0&7 $6"' ,&$ 2' 2 5(** 2 )$ .* "$ 2 2'$
'(&' 4-*2 &$ 1(#$ -% 2'$ 1712$+ '$ "-,20-*
1712$+ #$2$"21 1.$$# 3,#$0 2'$ *-5$0 *(+(2 ,#
-,"$ +-0$ 2'$ + "'(,$ (1 "-,,$"2$# 2- 2'$
! 22$07

6.2 PES System


'$"-,20-*-%2'$*-54-*2 &$1(#$$,130$1
1+--2'.-5$0#$*(4$072-(,"0$ 1$2'$*(%$2(+$

-% 2'$  -,1(#$0(,& 2'$ 1 +$ #0(4$ "7"*$ 
31$# (, 2'$ .0$4(-31 1(+3* 2(-,1 2'$ $,$0&7 (&30$1" *$.0-2-27.$'$3..$00-2-0' 1
#$*(4$0$#!72'$! 22$07%-0 #0(4$"7"*$" ,!$ !$$,0$+-4$#2-1'-52'$12 2-05(,#(,&1
1$$,(,%(&

 ,2$0, 2(-, * 22$07 7!0(# ,#3$*$***$"20("$'("*$7+.-1(3+ 


Page 0230

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

$)*4- )16+0):)+<-:1;<1+;7.<0-$%8:7<7<A8- -6-:/A ,-41>-:A .:75 <0- *)<<-:A :-/):,4-;; 7. <0-
<-;<-, 87?-:>):1)<17616<0-47),
=5*-:7.874-8)1:; 
")<-,;8--,:85  8 Conclusion
=5*-:7.<=:6;8-:80);-
  $01; ?7:3 16<:7,=+-; ) 6-? -4-+<:1+ ,:1>-416- .7:
)6,874- -4-+<:1+>-01+4-;?1<0<?7>74<)/-4->-4;$0-+7:-
)+3-5.)<:)<-,;8--, %  % +75876-6< 7. <0- ;A;<-5 1; ) ,7=*4- ?7=6,
:5; :5; .4A?0--4 <0)< 1; 78-:)<-, )< <?7 ,1..-:-6< >74<)/-
&16,16/:-;1;<)6+- 
   4->-4; )6, ;<)*141B-; <0- 87?-: <:)6;1-6<; 7. <0-
>-01+4-,=:16/),:1>-+A+4-$0-;15=4)<176;;07?
&16,16/16,=+<)6+-5    
<0)<<01;6-?-4-+<:1+,:1>-0);),>)6<)/-;7>-:<0-
=<=)416,=+<)6+-5  <:),1<176)487?-:*=;
75-6<7.16-:<1)3/F5
   $0- ;<)6,):, ,:1>- +A+4- $!   1; ;<=,1-, <7
 7*<)16 <0- 78<15=5 87?-: )6, -6-:/A ;<7:)/-
 ;+)4- *-6+0 ;-< =8 0); *--6 +76;<:=+<-, 8:17: +)8)+1<A 7. ) >-01+4- ,:1>-416- $0- -6-:/A
<7 .=44 >-01+4- <-;<; $0- 4)A7=< 1; 8:-;-6<-, 16 :-+7>-:-,,=:16/:-/-6-:)<1>-*:)316/16<0-,:1>-
.1/  $0- 47? >74<)/- ;1,- 1; ,:1>-6 *A <0- +A+4- 1; ,-41>-:-, )< 01/0 87?-: .7: ;07:< 8-:17,;
+76>-:<-: ,-;+:1*-, 16 ;-+<176  $0- 01/0 7. <15- 4A?0--4; +)6 )4;7 *- =;-, .7: .);<
>74<)/-;1,-1;+766-+<-,<7):-+<1.1+)<176*:1,/- +0):/16/ 7. <0- >-01+4- )+<16/ ); 16<-:51<<-6<
)6,)47),>):1)*4-<7;15=4)<-<0-<:)+<17657<7: -6-:/A;<7:)/-*-<?--6<0-01/087?-:.47?.:75
47), <0-/:1,)6,<0-47?87?-:.47?<7<0-*)<<-:A
 7: ) .4A?0--4 )+<16/ 764A ); ) 87?-: 0)6,416/
,->1+- 67 ;1/61.1+)6< )57=6< 7. -6-:/A +)6 *-
:-+0):/-, 16 <0- *)<<-:A 6 8:)+<1+- <0- 764A
575-6<; <7 -..1+1-6<4A :-+0):/- <0- *)<<-:A ):- )<
<0--6,7.),:1>-+A+4-)6,,=:16/476/8-:17,;7.
 *:)316/1-476/,7?60144;478-;
1/=:- $-;<4)A7=<$0-47?>74<)/-;1,-7.<0-
)16 ,-;1/6; 8):)5-<-:; 7. ) $?7 %74<)/- ->-4
$%1;,:1>-6*A)87?-:+76>-:<-:;A;<-5$0-
-5.16,=+-:16<0-01/0>74<)/-;1,-1;+766-+<-,<7)
)+016-$%):-,1;+=;;-,)6,<0--9=1>)4-6<
*:1,/-:-+<1.1-:)6,)>):1)*4-:-;1;<)6+- +1:+=1< )6, >74<)/- -9=)<176; 7. ) $% 1;
 8:-;-6<-,
$0- >):1)*4- 47), )8841-, 16 <0- ;A;<-5 >):1-, ;+)4-8:7<7<A8-0);*--6+76;<:=+<-,)6,<-;<-,
.:75
  <7 78-6 4778 )6, <0- >):1)<176 16 =6,-: ) ,:1>- +A+4- $0- :-;=4<; ;07? <0)< 1< 1;
87?-: ,-41>-:-, *A <0- *)<<-:1-; )6, 16 <0- 47), .-);1*4- <7 78-:)<- <0- ;A;<-5 =6,-: >):1)*4- 47),
1;;07?616.1/
 )6, ;<-),A 87?-: ,-41>-:A $0- 6-? ,:1>-416-
)447?; >-01+4- *)<<-:1-; ?1<0 47?-: 87?-: :)<16/
)6,476/-:41.-<15-

Acknowledgments
$01; ?7:3 ?); ;=887:<-, *A <0- #?-,1;0 6-:/A
/-6+A)6,C6/8)66-.D:-616/-6;7=6,)<176.7:
"-;-):+0 )6, ->-4785-6< !:7. )<; -1276 1;
<0)63-,.7:>)4=)*4-0-48)<>):17=;;<)/-;7.<01;
?7:3

References

1/=:-
$0-*4=-416-;07?;<0-87?-:,-41>-:-,*A ' ( !)=4!+):64-A)::1--+:7?)5-;#
<0-+76>-:<-:<7<0-47?>74<)/-;1,-7.<0-$% =:,-;;  ->144- )?+-<< )5-;  -44A
?014-<0-*4)+3416-;07?;<0-87?-:-@<:)+<-,.:75 )6, !01418  1+316;76 Design Principles
<0-01/0>74<)/-;1,-,=:16/),:1>-+A+4- for a Flywheel Energy Store for Road
 Vehicles  $:)6; 76 6, 884 >74

677>-+ 
$0-,1..-:-6+-7.-6-:/A1;)*;7:*-,7:,-41>-:-,
*A <0- .4A?0--4 $0- ;A;<-5 -6;=:-; ) ;<-),A '
(  #)6<1)/7   41>-1:)  =6,16 
):;;76  -:607.. Losses in Axial-Flux

%#
6<-:6)<176)4)<<-:A A*:1,)6,=-4-444-+<:1+%-01+4-#A587;1=5  
Page 0231

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

Permanent-Magnet Coreless Flywheel Authors


Energy Storage Systems">;/1105:3?;2@41
@4 :@1>:-@5;:-8 ;:21>1:/1 ;: 81/@>5/-8 Juan de Santiago C-? .;>: 5:
-/45:1?'58-9;A>-";>@A3-8
 -0>50$<-5:#1/15B10$/013>11
5: :0A?@>5-8 :35:11>5:3 2>;9
+ ,  156;:  1>:4;22 -:0  ;8A:0 &:5B1>?50-0 ";85@H/:5/- 01 -0>50
European Patent EP1565337. $<-5: 5:
  1 5? :;C - "4
+ , )5A5-88;-:0->/4-:0Design ?@A01:@ ?<1/5-85F10 5: 181/@>5/-8
methodology of fuel cell electric vehicle 9-/45:1? 2;> 1:1>3E ?@;>-31
power system  :@1>:-@5;:-8  -<<85/-@5;:?
;:21>1:/1 ;: 81/@>5/-8 -/45:1? Janaína Gonçalves de Oliveira C-?
'588-9;A>-";>@A3-8
 .;>: ;: ;B19.1>   5: A5F 01
;>- >-F58 $41 >1/15B10 @41 013>11
+ ,  $F-.-0;? -:0 & $/4-5.81 Peak power 5: 181/@>5/-8 1:35:11>5:3 2>;9 @41
bi-directional transfer from high speed 101>-8 &:5B1>?5@E ;2 A5F 01 ;>-
flywheel to electrical regulated bus voltage 5:-?1>-5?5:1.>A->E
$5:/1
system: A practical proposal for vehicular ->/4
 ?41 4-? .11: - "4
technology  %>-:? ;: :1>3E ?@A01:@ -@ @41 5B5?5;: 2;> 81/@>5/5@E
;:B1>?5;: B;8 :; <<    -@@41&<<?-8-&:5B1>?5@E$C101:
Johan Lundin C-? .;>: 5:  -:0
+,  45.- % A7-; ! /457-C- 
>-5?105:G>:I?-:0$C101:$/5:
!?459-  %-719;@;  ;>>188
/;:;9E 
  $/ 5: =A-@5/
Magnetic Bearings and Bearingless Drives
-:0 :B5>;:91:@-8 :35:11>5:3
$   
 !D2;>08?1B51>

-@&<<?-8-&:5B1>?5@E$C101:
1C:1?
 
5:
2@1>?1B1>-8E1->?C;>75:3-@
+,  (58?;: Control Designs for Low- @41$C105?4:B5>;:91:@-8">;@1/@5;:
Loss Active Magnetic Bearing: Theory and 31:/E ?5:/1
 41 5? - "4
Implementation 1@0

    ?@A01:@ ?<1/5-85F10 ;: @41 ?E?@19


1;>35- 1;>35- %1/4 81/@>;:5/ %41?5?  -?<1/@?;2@410>5B185:1
-:05??1>@-@5;:>/45B1
  Johan Abrahamsson C-? .;>: 5:
&<<?-8- $C101: ;: 1/19.1> 
+,  $-:@5-3;  ->??;:  1>:4;22
1>1/15B10@41$/013>115:
Circuit Modeling of a Two Voltage Levels
1:35:11>5:3 <4E?5/? 2>;9 &<<?-8-
Machine  %>-:? ;: :1>3E
&:5B1>?5@E5:
 
;:B1>?5;:$A.95@@102;><A.85/-@5;:
>;9

 @;
 41 C;>710 2;>
+, A/4?%#;?1:.1>3Analysis of an 5:05221>1:@<;?5@5;:?
Alternator with Two Displaced Stator $5:/1
 41 4-? .11: - "4
Windings%>-:?;:";C1><<->-@A? ?@A01:@-@@4105B5?5;:2;>181/@>5/5@E-@
-:0 $E?@19? ';8A91 "$  ??A1   @41&<<?-8-&:5B1>?5@E
;B   Anders Larsson C-? .;>: 5:
$@;/74;89 $C101: 5:   $/ 5:
+ , %  -4:? Motion Control with :35:11>5:3 "4E?5/?   "4 5:
Permanent-Magnet AC Machines 81/@>5/5@E   ??;/ ">;21??;>
">;/1105:3? ;2 @41  ';8
 ; 

 06A:/@ ">;21??;> 

A3A?@   &<<?-8- &:5B1>?5@E 1 4-? 4180
+ , Sinusoidal Control of PMSM Motors with 1:35:11>5:3?/51:@525/ <;?5@5;:? -@
dsPIC30F DSC <<85/-@5;: ;@1    %>-:?2;>91>?  @41 $C105?4
5/>;/45<1/19.1>
  %>-:?95??5;: #1?1->/4 :?@5@A@1
!225/1 -@5;:-8 0L@A01? 1@ 01
+
,  *4;A  (-:3 Relationship between #H/41>/41? H>;?<-@5-81? ! #
space-vector modulation and three-phase >-:/1 -:0 A:0 :?@5@A@1 ;2
carrier-based PWM: a comprehensive %1/4:;8;3E>;9
 415?C5@4@41
analysis%>-:?;::081/@>;:5/?' $C105?4 121:/1 #1?1->/4 31:/E
??A1 1.

<<   C41>1 41 5:
  C-? -<<;5:@10
+ ,  " @41>@;: Auto tuning of Phase #1?1->/4 5>1/@;> 5: @41 ->1- ;2
Advance Controllers">;/1105:3?;2@41 @4 81/@>;<4E?5/? -:0 "A8?10 ";C1> 1
 ;:21>1:/1 ;: ;:@>;8 <<85/-@5;:? 4-? 9;>1 @4-:  <A.85/-@5;:? 5:
<<     ?/51:@525/ 6;A>:-8? -:0 /;:21>1:/1
 <>;/1105:3?

'$
:@1>:-@5;:-8-@@1>E E.>50-:0A1818881/@>5/'145/81$E9<;?5A9  
Page 0232

World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE

Hans Bernhoff ,  $0  .#  #


 ",  $) .#  #,. ,$3.$*) )
-2).# -$- *! #$"#. (+ ,./, 
-/+ ,*)/.*,- !,*( .#  *2'
)-.$./.  *!  #)*'*"2 .*&#*'(
1  ) $)   )   #  # ' 
+*-.*.*,' +*-$.$*) 1$.# .#   
 - ,# *,.*,2 / -#'$&*)
1$.3 ,') )   #  %*$)  
*,+*,.   - ,# 4-. ,5-
1  )1# , # 1*,& -,*% .
  , !*, - 0 ,' $))*0.$0  +,*% .-
$) .#  ,  *! ' .,*. #)*'*"2
+,.$/','2 $) , - ,# *) -$)"' 
,2-.' $(*) -  1$ )"+
- ($*)/.*, )  #  1-
++*$).  - ) --*$.  ,*! --*,
1$.# ++-' )$0 ,-$.2 ++-'
1  ) $) .#  ,  *! #$"#
 + ,!*,() -2-. (-


 ). ,).$*)' .. ,2 2,$ ) / '  '' ' .,$  #$' 2(+*-$/(

You might also like