starter 6: Sports that kill The violence and danger of certain sports is doubtless what makes them attractive to some. 90% of professional boxers will suffer from brain trauma, while parachutists know that there are no second chances. Now, there appears to be a new sport to be added to the danger list ~ ‘speleology. + What sports ste particularly angorous? Wiry do people dothem? I Read the text once and summarise it to your partner in not more than 4 sentences. I There are 3 verbs in the passive. First mark them with a "P" in the box on the right and indicate the agent (by whom). Then write the tenses and the most appropriate time marker from the list below (markers may be used more than once}: (a) THe ARST OF TWO PAST ACTIONS + (b) CURRENTLY ~ ATTHE MOMENT + (c) THE ACTION |S PROBABLY NOT FINISHED, IT 1S IMPORTANT + (d) USUALLY ~ AS A RULE * (0) A LAW OF NATURE + (f) A CONTINUOUS PAST ACTION = INTERRUPTED BY ANOTHER ACTION + (Q) RECENTLY — THE INFORMATION IS NOT OUT OF OATE + (h) FINISHED ~ PAST ACTON ~ SOME TIME AGO Speleology is one of those new outdoor sports that is 9” growing fast in popularity. It has been estimated 2 that in the UK alone, more than 20,000 people practice the sport. However, according to 4 team of researchers from Northampton University Colloge ‘who have been studying data on air condicians in underground caverns, the sport could be far more angerous than is commonly realised. The research ‘was sparked off when one of the team, who was a keen spelevlogist, decided, while he was exploring @ ‘ave, to bring back an air sample to the laboratory for analysis. After it had been analysed, he found to his 7” \ astonishment that it contained extremely high and dangerous levels of radon gus. The explanation is, in fact, quite simple. Due to the decay of uranium in grarite, radio-active gases form and, as they cannot ‘escape from the underground cavers, build up 10 very high concentrations. The Nottingham team has shown that speleologists spending 40 hours per year underground receive radiation doses of up to 4 milisieverts ~ this is times as high as the annual safety limit. Even worse however, is the situation of guides. and inetwuctors, Mary of thom hhave been working for 10 severe! yeats end may a spend annually up to {800 hours underground. In such cases, they ar likely to have roceWved fie times as much as the authorised safety level for radation workers,