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La autoreflexión fenomenológica de los estudiantes de historia de la educación


sobre el aprendizaje universitario

Chapter · November 2018

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6 authors, including:

Andres Paya Roser Grau


University of Valencia University of Valencia
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Sara González José Luis Hernández Huerta


University of the Balearic Islands Universidad de Valladolid
73 PUBLICATIONS   34 CITATIONS    128 PUBLICATIONS   111 CITATIONS   

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Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

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Prensa pedagógica en Castilla y León (1790-1936). Repertorio analítico. SA048A08 View project

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