Gierven) Steam Turbine viTa Description Steam Purity values for main steam condensate ‘The deposits which occur in turbines due to impurities in the steam can lead to thermodynamic and mechanical inefficiencies and, with the presence of salts, especially chlorides, and sodium hydroxide also causes damage 10 turbine parts. The corrosion stressing caused by active deposits, for example, has an adverse effect on the fatigue strength of the blade material when the steam is in the transition zone between the superheated and the saturated state, Compliance with the target values is mandatory in ‘continuous operation, with the values in the normal ‘operation column preferable. With the commissioning of a new plant and starting-up operation, however, these values ‘cannot be attained with an economical outlay. The values listed in the column “starting-up operation “are then valid It should be pointed out that adherence to the target values does not rule out deposition in the turbine with absolute certainty. Wherever possible every effort should be made to achieve the values in the normal operation column. ‘A recording instrument may be used to continuously ‘monitor the electrical conductivity of the main steam and turbine condensate following a strongly acid cation ‘exchange unit. In order to determine slight impurities, the sodium concentration should be measured in addition to this. Should saline contamination occur, the turbine is to be immediately washed with saturated steam to remove salt deposits? Whether an alkaline, neutral or combined method is used for conditioning, the water steam circulation is for the customer to decide. If an alkaline method is used, the ‘oxygen content in the main steam condensate can be max. 0.02 mg/kg and the pH value in the turbine ‘condensate max 9.3 with brass condenser piping. When the condenser piping is of copper-nickel alloys, the pH value must not exceed 9.5. There is no limitation for the pH value with non- corroding stee! or titanium. Recommended Values for Main Steam Condensate Quantity Target Value | Normal | Start Up ‘ Operation | ** ‘Conductivity at 25°C, down stream of highly | ysfem | <0.2 on =050 acidic. sampling " cation exchanger, ‘continuous measurement at sampling point silica (60) mgikg | <0.020 0.008 | <0.080 Total ron Fe) mgikg | _<0.020 0.005 | <0.050 Total copper oy maikg | <0.003 0001 | <0.010 Sodium (Wa) mgikg | <0010 | 0.002 | <0.020 * To avoid any drop in efficiency, itis recommended that values be kept below the target values ‘and into the range ofthe values for normal operation. +The target values must show a noticeable downward trend. On inal star-up of new plants the ‘values given for normal operation must be achieved within 2 to 3 days and within 2 to 3 hours for other start-ups. BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0120-01oO UOere ri Steam Turbine Description Oil Specification Standard Introduction ‘This standard specifies the turbine oil recommended for, Use in governing and lubrication systems of BHEL make ‘steam turbo set Description Oil of viscosity class ISO VG 46 shall be used. The oil shall be a petroleum product with or without additives to ‘meet the requirement of this standard. The finished oil shall be clear and free from water, suspended matter, dust, sediment and other impurities. The turbine oil shall not contain additives having any negative effect on the materials of the oll system. The turbine oll must be capable of withstanding bearing temperature of max. 130°C and oil tank temperature of ‘max. 80°C without physical and chemical degradation. The properties of the oil shall not be affected by centrifuging, water washing or fitering. Properties of Turbine Oil ISO VG 46 shall be as Follows Compatibility For topping up of the oil system, itis preferable if the ol used is of the same brand and quality as that already in the system. However, if the same brand of oll is not available and where it is intended to mix in different products that individually conform to this standard, a compatibility test should be conducted before actually mixing the oils. Samples of both the oils in equal volume should be mixed and centrifuged for about 40 hrs. And ‘then mixture must comply fully with the requirements of this standard Properties The cil should comply with the requirements given in table below when tested according to the test methods given in the respective standards mentioned against each property. For obvious reasons, we do not give any special fecommendation to a particular brand of oil to be used in the oil system of our turbo sets. Any brand of the cil complying with the above standards may be used. ‘SI.No. Properties Value Unit Test Method 1, | Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C [414-506 | cst | IS: 1448, P-25 | ASTM D445, Kinematic Viscosity at 60°C | 28 cst 2. _| Viscosity Index 98 Min. | 1S: 1448, P-56 [- 3. | Neutralization No. (Total | =0.20 mg | 1S:1448,P-4 | ASTM D974 acidity) KOHg 4, _ | Colour 52 Max, | IS: 1448, P-12 | ASTM D1500 %. | Specific gravity at 50°C | 0.85 ~= | 1S: 1448, P-32 | ASTM 1298 Specific gravity at 15°C __| 0.90 : (6, | Flash point (Cleveland | > 200 °C | 1S: 1448, P-69 | ASTM D92 ‘open cup) 7. | Copper strip corrosion test at] Not worse | — | IS: 1448,P-15 | — 100°C for 3 hrs. than No.1 8, _| Pour point 5-6 °c | 18: 1448, P-10 | ASTM D97 9, _ | Rust preventing <08 — | DIN:51885__| ASTM D665 characteristics BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0130-04/1Properties Contd. SI.No. Properties: Value Unit Test Method 40. | Emulsion characteristics | $20 minute | DIN: 61599 | ASTM 01401 11, | Total acidity after 2600 | <0.2 mg | DIN:61587 | ASTM D943 hrs oxidation KOH/g 12, _ | Foaming characteristics at = ‘ASTM: D882, 25°C Foaming tendency | s 400 om’ 238 *c DINASO 2602 | D 92 ignition temperature > 550 *c DIN 51 794 Wick fame persistance time 28 sec DIN/SO 14835 Pour point 248 °c DINISO 3016 | D97 Particle distribution * 15/12 Code ISO 4406 Chlorine content = 50 mgkg __[DINS1 57.3, Oxidation stability 20 mg KOHig_| DIN 51373 Hvdroivic stability 20 mgKOHig | DIN 51 348 Change of neutralisation number Electrical resistivity > 50 Mim TEC 267 * The required system cleanliness is dependent upon the system design. Suitable measures (e.g filtration, separation) have to be taken to achieve this cleantiness level Following fire Resistant Fluids are Approved: Brand 1, Reolube Turboftuid 46xC 2. Fyrquel EHC-N BHEL, Hardwar Supplier Mis. Chemtura, UK Mis. Supresta, USA Also Refer to the Following Sections: [1] 6.3-0082: Care of Controt Fluid 6.1-0140-04/2Steam Turbine Description HP Turbine Valve Arrangement General Arrangement ‘The HP turbine has 2 main stop valves and 2 control valves located symmetrically to the right and left of the casing. The valves are arranged in pairs with one main stop valve and one control valve in a common body. Steam flow The main steam is admitted through the main steam inlet passing first the main stop valves and then the control valves. From the control valves the steam passes to the turbine ceasing (1). The short length of the admission section between, the control valves and the casing results in a very low steam volume in this section, which has beneficial ‘effect on the shutdown characteristics of the turbine- generator unit. Valve Actuation Each main stop valve and control valve has a dedicated hydraulic servomotor (3; 5). The servomotors are mounted above floor level so that they ‘are accessible and can be easily maintained. 1 HP turbine 2 Main stoominlot 5 Conta vaive servamotor 4 Combined maln step and contol valve 5 Stop valve sorvomator BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0205-00Ouyymm Steam Turbine r/7774 Description HP Turbine Casing Barrel Type Casing ‘The HP outer casing is designed as a barreltype casing without axial jint. An axialy spit inner casing (4) is arranged in the barrebiype casing (3) Because of _its__symmetrical__ construction, the barrel - type casing retains its cylindrical shape and remains leak proof during quick changes in temperature (e.9. on st up and shut down, on load changes and under hi pressures). The inner casing too is almost cylindrical in shape as the joint flanges ‘Are relieved by the high pressure acting from the outside and can thus be kept small. For this reason, tutbines with barrel type casing are especially suitable for quick start-up and loading, Seals The pretension U-shaped seal ring(12), that is forced against the axial sealing surfaces by the steam pressure and the | shaped seal ring (16), that allows, ‘axial displacement of the inner casing (4), seal the space between the inner casing (4) and the barrel type outer casing (3) from the adjacent spaces. 1 Tine rotor 2 Seal housing 13 Barrehype outer casing 4 Asda ep nner caving 5 Sat coating cover 42 Ueoal tog 16 aoe! sing 48 Uses! na Fig. 1 HP Turbine BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0210-01/15 Outer easing ‘inner casing 6 Useal ring 7 Cylindrical pin ‘Breech nut 9 Inlet pipe fiom main stop and control valve Connection to Main Stop and Control Valves ‘The steam lines from the main stop and contro! Beclenc-c ig.2 Inlet Connection Valves are connected to the inlet connections of the outer casing by Breech Nuts (8) (Fig.2) through buttress threading. Sealing is achieved by U-seal rings (6) which are forced against the outer sealing surface by inlet steam pressure, The annular space around the sealing ring is connected to the condenser through a steam leak-off line, Cylindrical pins (7) located at the joint flange prevent rotation of the inlet pipe with respect to the outer casing, ‘Seton 0-0 3 Outer casing 4 Inner casing 11 Fitted Key ‘Seaton BB ‘0 43 3 Outer casing 4 Inner casing 40 Fitted Key Fig. 3 Centering and support of Fig. 4 Centering and support of Inner casing (Exhaust side) BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0210-01/2Attachment of inner Casing The inner casing (4) is altached in the horizontal and vertical planes in the barreltype casing (3) so that it can freely expand radially in al directions and axially from a fixed point when heating up while maintaining concentrcity relative {o the turbine rotor. (On the admission side, four projections of the inner ‘casing (4) and on the exhaust side three projections fit into ‘corresponding grooves in the barrel-lype casing (3). In the horizontal plane these projections rest on fitted keys (10) and in the vertical plane they are guided by the fitted keys. (11) (Fig.384). Radial expansion is therefore not restricted by this suspension. ‘As shown in fig.6 the axial fixed point of the inner casing is provided by a shoulder in the barrel-type casing (3) against which a collar of the inner casing (4) rests. The axial thrust to which the inner casing is subjected is transmitted to and absorbed by the thrust ring (14) via thrust pads (13). The ‘thrust ring is held in position by support ring (15). | Outtet Connections ‘The exhaust end of HPT has single outlet connection from bottom. At the flange connection a U-seal ring (19) is provided to prevent any leakage (Fig.1) 3 Ovier easing 4 Inner casing 16 Fseat ring 17 Holding ing 18 Hexagon head serew Fig. 5 I-Ring seal (Detail A from Fig. 1) 3 Outer casing 4 Inner casing 12 U-seal ring 13 Thrust pads 14 Thrust pads 15. Support ring Fig. 6 Axial Retention of Inner Casing and Centering in Vertical Plane (Detail E from Fig.1) BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0210-01/3a)Steam Turbine Description ea HP Turbine Blading Moving and Stationary Blades “The HP turbine with advance blading consists of 1Sdrum stages. All stages are reaction stages with 50% reaction. ‘The stationary and moving blades of all stages (Fig.1) are provided with inverted T-roots which 6 Seago 1 caukrg ie Fig.2 Gap Seating of Drum Stages Fig. 1 Drum Stages 1 Inner casing 4 Turbine shaft 2 Guide blade '5 Caulking place 3 Moving blade ‘Also determine the distance between the blades. The Shrouds are machined integral with the blades and form @ continuous shrouding after insertion. From 1%. to 15” stage. All Stages are provided with ‘3DS' blades for guide and moving blades both. ‘The moving and stationary blades are inserted into corresponding grooves in the Shaft(4) and inner casing (1) and are caul ked at bottom with ca ulking piece (6) .The insertion slot in the shaft is closed by a focking biade which is fixed by taper pins or grub sorews. End blades are used at the joint plane in UH & UM. ofinn er casing alongwith — predetermined interference. Gap sealing Sealing strips (6) are caulked into the inner casing (1) and the shaft (4) to reduce leakage losses at the blade tips. Cylindrically machined surface on the blade shrouds are opposite the sealing strips. The surfaces have stepped diameters in ordertoincre | ase the turbulence of the steam and thus the sealing effect. Should an operational disturbance cause the sealing Strips to come into contact with opposite surfaces, they fare rubbed away without any considerable amount of heat being generated. They can easily be renewed at a Iater date to provide the specified clearance. BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0220-02Gf) Steam Turbine V//774 Description Function “The function of shaft seals is to seal the interior of the casing from the atmosphere at the ends of the shaft on the admission and exhaust sides. The HP Turbine has shaft ‘seals in front and rear. The front shaft seal is of labyrinth type, while the rear shaft seal is of ‘see through’ type. The difference in pressure before and after the raised part of the shaft seal on the admission side serves to counteract the axial thrust caused by steam forces. The raised part is called Balance piston. The effective seal HP Turbine Shaft seals and Balance Piston Diameter is suited to the requirements for balancing the axial thrust. Gap Seals Sealing between the rotating and stationary parts of the turbine is achieved by means of seal strip (6) caulked into seal rings (2, 7, 9) and into the rotor (3) (details D and E). The pressure gradient across the seal is reduced by conversion of pressure energy into velocity energy wich is then dissipated as turbulence as the steam passes through the numerous compartments according to the labyrinth principles. Fig. 1 Shaft Seal Admission side “Inner casing 2 Seal ing 3 Turbine rotors 4 Shaft seal cover, 5 Cauking wire 6 Seal tip Fig, 2 Shaft seal Exhaust side Seal Rings ‘The seal rings (2), the number of which depends on the pressure gradient to be sealed are divided into several segments as shown In Section A-A, BB ‘and C-C and mounted in T -shaped annular grooves in the inner casing (1 ) and shaft seal cover (4) such that they are free to move radially. Each segment is held in position against a shoulder by helical springs (11). This provides the proper clearance for the seal gaps. ‘Should rubbing occur, the segment concerned can retreat? The heat developed by light rubbing of the thin seat strip (6) Eee BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0230-01/1Is so slight that it cannot cause deformation of the rotor (3). When the turbine is started from the cold or warm state, the seal rings naturally heat up faster than the casing. However, they can expand freely in the radial direction against the centering force ofthe helical spring (1%). ‘The shaft seals are axial-steam flow non-contacting seals. In the region subjected to the low relative expansion in the vicinity of the combined journal and thrust bearing, the seal strips are caulked alternately into the shaft and into spring- supported segmented sealrings in the casing, forming a labyrinth to impede the outflow of steam (Detail D. In the region subject to greater relative BHEL, Hardwar expansion at the exhaust end, see through seals are Used in which the seal strips are located opposite each other, caulked into the shaft and into seal rings centered in the outer casing (Detail E). ‘The outer seal rings can be removed for inspection and if necessary, seal strips can be replaced during short turbine shut down, Steam Spaces Steam spaces are provided within the shaft seals. From spaces ‘Q’ and 'R’ leakage is drawn off to another part of the turbine for further use. The steam seal header is connected to space 'S'. The slight ‘amounts of leakage steam which are stil able to pass the seal ring are conducted from the space T' into the seal steam condenser. 6.1-0230-01/2| Steam Turbine PIT] Description HP Turbine Front Bearing Pedestal Arrangement The font bearing pedestal is located atthe turbine- Side end of the turbine generator unt. ts function is to Support the turbine casing and bear the turbine rotor. houses the flowing components and instruments * Journal bearing (1 = Hydraulic turning gear (2) Main of pump wrth hydrauc speed transducer [3 Electric speed transducer [4] Over speed trip [5] Shat vibration pick-up Bearing pedestal vibration pick-up Details of casing supports and casing guides ere given description 61-0280. Connection of Bearing Pedestal and Foundation The bearing pedestal (1) is aligned to the foundation By means of hexagon head screws that are screwed into it at several points. On completion of alignment, the space beneath the bearing pedestal is filed with special non-shrinking grout. The bearing pedestal is, anchored to the foundation by means of anchor bolts (13). The anchor bolt holes are filed with gravel, which ives a considerable vibration damping effect. ‘The defined position of the bearing pedestal on the foundation is established by a projection in the middie of the bearing pedestal base engaging in a recess in the Foundation. On completion of alignment, the remaining space in this recess is likewise filled with ‘grout. 1 Bearing pedestal 2 Main oil pump 3 Hydraulic speed transducer 4 Electric speed transducer 5 Gear coupling 6 Over speed trip Fig. Axial Section through HP Turbine Front Bearing Podestal 7 Hydraulic turning gear 8 Bearing pedestal vibration pick-up 9 Shatt vibration pick-up 10 Journal bearing 11 HP turbine rotor 12 Foundations BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0240-01/1Fig. 3 Cross Section of Journal Bearing {9 Journal bearing also refers to the following information 12 Foundations 13 Anchor bolts 14 Hex head screw Also refer to the following information [1]6.1-0270 Journal Bearing [2]6.1-0510 Hydraulic Turning Gear [8] 61-1020 Main Oil Pump with Hydraulic Speed ‘Transducer [4] 8.1-0760 Electric Speed Transducer [5] 6.1-0920 over speed trip BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0240-01/2jug) Steam Turbine 77774 Description HP Turbine Rear bearing Pedestal Arrangement The bearing pedestal Is located between the HP and IP turbines. Its function is to support the turbine casing and bear the HP and IP turbine rotors. ‘The bearing pedestal houses the following turbine ‘Components: = Combined journal and thrust bearing = Shaft vibration pick-up '= Bearing pedestal vibration pick-up = Thrust bearing trip (electrical) Details of casing supports and casing guides are given in descriptions 6.1-0280 and 61-0350. Connection of Bearing Pedestal and Foundation ‘The bearing pedestal is aligned on the foundation by means of hexagon head screws that are screwed into it. On completion of alignment, the space beneath the bearing pedestal is filled-in with special non-shrinking grout. The bearing pedestal is anchored to the foundation by means of anchor bolts. The anchor bolt holes are filed with gravel, which gives a considerable vibration damping effect. The defined position of the bearing pedestal on the foundation is, established by a projection in the middle of the bearing pedestal base engaging a recess in the foundation. On ‘completion of alignment, the remaining space in the recess is Tkewise filed with grout. 1. HP turbine rotor 2. Combined journal and thrust bearing 3 Bearing pedestal vibration pick-up 4. Shaft vibration pick-up 5 Thrust bearing trip (electrical) & Coupling bolts 7. IPurbine rotor 8 Foundation Fig. 1 Axial Section through the HP Turbine Rear bearing pedestal BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0250-02/12 Combined journal and thrust bearing 8 Foundations 9 Hex head screw Fig. 2 Cross Section through Combined Journal and Thrust Bearing 10 1" 2 B 4 15 Straight pin Anchor bolt Plate Round nut Hex nut Guard cap Fig. 3 Connection between Bearing Pedestal and foundation ‘BHEL, Hardwar 6.4-0250-02/2gfe) Steam Turbine ETIEEA Description Combined Journal and Thrust Bearing Function ‘The function of the combined journal and thrust bearing is to support the turbine rotor and to take the residual axial thrust. ‘The magnitude and direction of axial thrust to be carried by ‘the bearing depends on the load conditions of the turbine. ‘This bearing is located in the bearing pedestal between HPT & IPT. The thrust bearing maintains desired axial clearances for the combined turbine generator shaft system Construction and Mode of Operation The combined journal and thrust bearing consists of the upper and lower bearing shells (4, 12), thrust pads (6), cap (2), spherical blocks (14, 16) and keys (10, 17). The upper and lower halves (4, 12) of the bearing shell are bolted and Tei t g 1. Front bearing pedestal 2. HP turbi 3. Rear bearing pedestal Fig.1 Connection between Turbine Casing and Bearing Pedestals BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0280-01/1Sliding on the sliding pieces (6) of the bearing pedestals (1; 3). To prevent lit-off ofthe turbine casing (2), holders (4) hold ‘down projections of the support horns which engage in ‘mating recesses in the bearing pedestal When the turbine is being erected, a clearance’s' is ‘maintained between the thrust bar (6) and the turbine casing ‘support hor projection. Guides ‘The central location of the turbine casing at right angle To the turbine centerline is provided by the guides shown in section B-B and E-E. These guides allow the turbine casing to expand freely Fixed Point The fixed point for the turbine casing (2) is located at the hom support on HP-IP pedestal at the turbine centerline level and is formed by the parallel keys (16). Axial expansion of the turbine casing (2) originates from this point. 1 Front bearing pedestal 410 Siding piece 2HP turbines. 11 Plates 4 Holders 12 Parallel key S thrust bar 18 Scale indicating casing expansion 8 siding piece 14 Sliding piece 7 Plates 15 Plates | 8 paralel key 16. Parallel key | 9 plates 2. Details of Casing Supports and Guid BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0280-01/2Description IP Turbine Casing Double Shell Construction ‘The casing of the IP turbine is split horizontally and is ‘of double shell construction. A double-flow inner casing (4) is supported in the outer casing (2,5) (Fig.1) Steam ‘rom the HP turbine after reheating enters the inner casing from top and bottom through two admission branches which are integral with the mid section ofthe outer casing. ‘This arrangement provides opposed double flow in the two blade sections and compensates axial thrust. The ccentie flow prevents the steam inlet temperature from affecting the support horns and bearing sections The provision of an inner casing confines the steam inlet conditions to the admission section of this casing. While the joint flange of the outer ceasing is subjected only fo the lower pressure and temperature effective at the exhaust from the inner ‘casing, This means that the joint flange can be kept ‘small and material concentrations in the area of the flange reduced to a minimum. In this way, difcuties arising from deformation of a casing with flange joint due to non uniform temperature raise eg, on startup and shut down, are avoided. The joint of the inner casing is relieved by the pressure in the outer casing so that this joint has to be ‘sealed only against the resulting differential pressure. op fait utes org arm na ower co urine (Ast Bacto BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0310-01/‘Steam Inlet and Extraction Connection The angle rings (9) are provided at the connection of admission and extraction branches with the inner casing (3, 4) (Detail 'D’ Fig. 2 & 3). One leg of the angle ring (9) at such @ connection bears against the back of the collar of the threaded ring (7) in the outer ‘casing while the other fits into an annular groove in the inner casing. The threaded ring (7) is fited in such 2 way that the shor leg ofthe angle ring can slide freely between the collar of the threaded ring and the outer ‘casing. The steam pressure prevailing on the inside, forces the angle ring against the face of the outer casing, The tolerances of the annular grooves in the inner casing are dimensioned to allow the long logs of the ‘angle ring (8) to side in the groove. The angle rings are flexbly expanded by the pressure on the inside and their outer areas forced against the annular ‘grooves to provide the desired sealing effect While providing a tight seal, this arrangement ‘permits the inner casing to move freely in all directions. ‘Attachment of Inner Casing Due to the different temperatures of the inner ceasing relative to the outer casing, the inner casing is attached to the outer casing in such a manner as to be fee to expand axially from a fixed point and radially in all directions, while maintaining the concentrcty of the inner casing relative to the shaft. The steam admission connections and the extraction connections are designed to avoid any restrictions due to thermal expansion, The inner casing is attached to the outer ceasing inthe horizontal and vertical plane. 3. ep hat era casrg & Bonomnaser eating Fig View orton Casing tmdjemtetoaereaung BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0310-01/2Section HoH Section KK ih i { Inthe horizontal plane, as shown in details E and F (Fig, 4 & 5) the four support horns of the top haif inner ceasing (3) rest on plates (13) which are supported by the joint surface of the bottom half outer casing (6). The shoulder screws (12) are provided with sufficient clearance to permit the inner casing to expand freely in ‘al_directions in the horizontal plane. Thermal ‘expansion in the vertical direction originates from the point of support at the joint. This ensures concentricity Of the inner casing relative to the rotor (1 in this piane. ‘The support homs provided at the bottom half inner casing (4), project into the recesses in bottom half Cuter casing (5) with clearance on all sides. Located on top of each support hom is a spacer disc (11) whose upper surface has @ clearance's' to the flange face of the top half outer casing (2). This clearance thus determines the lit of the inner casing. ‘As shown in details E, the inner casing is located axially by the fitted keys (10) arranged on both sides of the support hams of the bottom half inner casing (4), Thermal expansion in the axial direction originates from these points, Radial expansion is not prevented by these fited Keys, as they are free to slide in the recesses of the bottom half outer casing, ‘Shoulders on the bottom half outer casing (5) project, Into corresponding recesses in the bottom half inner Feber 12 Sn 13 he ‘casing (4) and together with the fitted keys (14) provide a centering system forthe inner casing (3,4) in {he transverse plane This arrangement allows. axial ‘and radial expansion ofthe inner casing relative to the Suter casing while the fited keys (14) maintain transverse alignment. ‘Section B-8 4 Gat nate 99 5 Gono hl eure ening ta Fated hove Pu, #_Conng ob cxnng inthe Tramavarss Pin) BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0310-01/3IP Turbine gieryum Steam Turbine Ladi 77/24 Description Bading Moving and Stationary Blades Gap Sealing ‘The IP turbine with advance blading consists of 2x10 (double flow) drum stages. All stages are reaction stages with 50% reaction. The stationary and moving blades of all stages are provided with inverted T -roots in moving blade and hook type roots in Guide blade which also determine the distance between the blades, Al these blades are provided with int egral shrouds, Which after installation form a continu ous shroud. The moving and stationary blades are inserted into Appropriately shaped grooves in the rotor (4) and in the inner casing (1) and are bottom caulked with ‘caulking material (5). The insertion slot in the rotor is closed bya locking blade which is fixed by grub Screws. End blades, which lock with the hori zontal joint, are used at the horizontal joint of the inner casing (1). 1st and 2nd stage of moving blades are of 3DS type ‘and from 3rd to 7th are of TX type blades.8th stage blades are of F Type and Sth and 10th stage blades are (of 30S Type. The ath stage blades of Stationary blades. ‘are of 30S Type and the rest blade plan is same as Moving Blade Plan Inner Casing 2 Guide Blades 3 Moving Blade 4 Turbine Shaft '5 Caulking piece 6 Sealing strip 7 Caulking wire ‘Sealing strips (7) are caulked into the inner casing (1) and the rotor (4) to reduce leakage losses at the blade tips. Cylindrically machined surfaces on the blade shrouds are opposite the sealing strips. These surfaces have stepped diameters in order to increase the turbulence of the steam and thus the sealing effect, Incase of an ope ration disturbance, causing the sealing strips tocome into contact with op posite surfaces, they are rubbed away without any Considerable amount of heat being generated. They an then easily be renewed at alater date to provide the specified clearances, BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0320-02i](ueree) Steam Turbine alfa Description IP Turbine Shaft Seals Function ‘The function of the shaft seals is to seal the interior of the turbine casing against the almosphere at the front (thrust bearing end) and rear shaft penetrations of the IP turbine. ‘The shaft seals are axial-steam-flow non-contacting seals. In the region subject to low relative expansion in the vicinity of the combined journal and thrust bearing, the seal strips are caulked alternatively into the shaft and into spring- supported segmented rings in the casing, forming a labyrinth to Impede the outflow of steam. ‘In the region subject to greater relative expansion at the exhaust end, see-through seals are used, in which the seal strips are located opposite each other, Caulked into the shaft and into seal rings centered in the outer casing ‘The outer seal rings can be removed for inspection and if necessary seal strips can be replaced during a short turbine shut down keeping module in place. Gap Sealing Sealing between the rotating and stationary ‘elements of the turbine is achieved by means of seal strip (9), caulked into seal rings (3; 5) and into the rotor (4) (etalls A and C), The pressure gradient across the seal is reduced by conversion of pressure energy into velocity energy which Is then dissipated as turbulence as the steam passes through the numerous ‘compartments according to the labyrinth principle. BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0330-011Seal Rings ‘The seal rings (3), the number of which depends on the pressure gradient to be sealed are divided into several ‘segments as shown in Section 8B and mounted in grooves in ‘the rings such that they are free to move radially. Each segment is held in position against a shoulder by helical springs (6) and by the steam pressure above the seal rings ). This provides the proper clearance for the seal gaps. Should rubbing occur the segments concemed can retreat? ‘The heat developed by light rubbing of the thin seal strips (9) is so slight that it cannot cause deformation of the rotor (4). ‘When the turbine is started from the cold or warm, state, the seal rings naturally heat up faster than the mounting rings. However. They can expand freely in the radial direction against the centering force of the helical springs (6). Steam Spaces Steam spaces are provided within the shaft seals. From space ‘P’ leakage is drawn off to the steam seal header. The slight amounts of leakage steam which are still able to pass the seal ring are conducted from the space 'R’ into the seal steam condenser. BHEL, Hardwar 6.1-0330-01/2