Tambio, Henriel T.

HUM 002 – Logic

1. Discuss the meaning of figures when applied to syllogism.

Figure of syllogism deals with the position of its major, minor and
middle terms. There are four figures. The major and minor terms have
standard positions in the conclusion which are the same for all figures.
Each figure is distinguished by the placement of the middle term.

2. Differentiate the different kinds of term in a syllogism.

The major term of the syllogism is whatever is employed as the
predicate term of its conclusion. The minor term is the subject term of the
conclusion.  While the middle term is the term that occurs in both premises
(but not in the conclusion).

3. Differentiate the four distinctive figures of syllogism.

In the first figure the middle term is the subject of the
major premise and the predicate of the minor premise. In the second figure,
the middle term is the predicate of both premises. In the third figure, the
middle term is the subject of both premises. In the fourth figure, the middle
term is the predicate of the major premise and the subject of the minor
premise. 

4. Differentiate conditional syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, and conjunctive

syllogism.
In Conditional syllogism, the statement begins with “if” is the
antecedent and followed by the “then” statement as consequent. In
disjunctive syllogism, the major premise is a disjunctive proposition and the
minor premise and conclusion are categorical propositions. It is an “either
or” statement. In conjunctive syllogism, the major premise is a conjunctive
proposition (one that denies that the two choices can be true at the same
time) and that the minor premise and the conclusion and the conclusions
are categorical propositions.

5. Differentiate Modus Tollens with Modus Ponens.

In modus tollens, the consequent must be rejected in the minor
premise just like the antecedent that is rejected in the conclusion. The
falsity of the consequent implies falsity of the antecedent. While in modus
ponens, the antecedent must be accepted in the minor premise, as well as
the consequent be accepted in the conclusion. The truth of the antecedent
implies the truth of the consequent.